Basic Infrastructure Research Articles

The Application of Science and Technology for Regional Development of Edutourism Villages Based on Low Cost Ecotourism Integrated with Science Techno Park

Tanjung Pinang II Village is located 10 km from the administrative center of Ogan Ilir Regency, Indralaya. Tanjung Pinang II Village can be developed as a tourist area due to the easy access. The problems of to be tourist village is unproductive of potential land, the emergence of noise pollution from blacksmith activities in residential areas, do not have a tourism management master plan; and The absence of basic infrastructure supporting ecotourism-based Edutourism. The solution of this problem is Counseling on Strengthening Human Resources in Edutourism Villages and Revitalizing Non-Productive Multi Sector Integrated Land as well as Cultivation Technique Training, Relocation of Blacksmiths to Integrated Areas and Planting Sound Barrier Plants, Making a Master Plan for Mapping the Development of Integrated Edutourism Areas in Science Techno Park (STP), Building Edutourism Supporting Facilities Based on Low Cost Ecotourism. The solutions offered are in accordance with the background of the expertise. The purpose of PIPK in Tanjung Pinang-II Village is to provide the solutions in the fields of production, management, marketing, infrastructure and the environment. The method of implementing this PIPK is analyzing the situation and conditions of partners, providing solutions to problems, Making Appropriate Technology (TTG) that will be transferred to partners, Training and Mentoring and Evaluation of Implementation of Activities. The results of the service can be concluded that this activity is a solution for Tanjung Pinang II Village to prepare itself as a tourist village.

It is time to revisit and re-evaluate Africa’s sub-par emergency surgical delivery

It is time to revisit and re-evaluate Africa’s sub-par emergency surgical delivery

Urban Sprawl Symptoms in Makassar City

Urban sprawl symptoms are characterized by the phenomenon of the expansion of urban functional areas into urban fringe areas. The residential area of Bumi Tamalanrea Permai Makassar showed the symptoms, where the dynamics of densification and dualistic residential areas and the region’s growth have exceeded the supporting capacity and basic availability infrastructure in the area. This article was intended to explore the processes, activities, and analysis of urban sprawl symptoms in urban fringe using a mixed quantitative and qualitative/mixed methods approach. The research results show that there has been densification, dualistic settlements, gated areas beyond urban functional boundaries, and changes in the pattern of the transformation of physical and spatial functions toward the urban fringe in such a way that they form urban sprawl.

Challenges and Opportunities in QoS Enhancement for Internet-Based Multimedia Communication

Advancements in communication technologies have fueled the rapid expansion of the multimedia content delivery market, encompassing various media types such as images, audio, and video. Personal communication, computing, broadcasting, and entertainment heavily rely on multimedia content, which is transmitted through diverse communication and network technologies to reach a wide range of devices. QoS requirements for multimedia services are determined by parameters including bandwidth flexibility, low end-to-end delay, minimal delay variation, and acceptable error rates. These parameters are interconnected and vary depending on the type of multimedia application. However, the QoS needs of multimedia communications cannot be fully met by the internet's basic infrastructure. Mechanisms for ensuring QoS guarantees over the Internet have been developed through extensive research and development. This study examines developments, difficulties, and strategies for improving the transmission of multimedia content over the Internet, providing an overview of the methodologies and strategies used to satisfy QoS criteria in multimedia communications.

Global South in pursuance of the Global North: case of rural South African education and the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Nations in the global South tend to embrace ideas, practices, and trends from the global North as the standard. This is in many instances at the expense of their suitability in the current situation and environment of the global South. For instance, issues revolving around the Fourth Industrial Revolution is a typical example. In recent times, the adjustments in the education and other sectors in the Global North to accommodate practices of the Fourth Industrial Revolution are beginning to flood the Global South where many basic and necessary infrastructures are lacking. Issues such as curricular review are being raised and considered, while conferences, workshops, seminars, amongst others are being organized to ensure that learning institutions are positioned to suit the demand of Fourth Industrial Revolution. For instance, coding is fast becoming a major subject to be considered even from primary schools, though not necessarily meeting the local demands.

Peranan Alokasi Dana Desa Dalam Pengembangan wilayah di Desa Pasi Mesjid Kecamatan Meureubo Kabupaten Aceh Barat

This article discusses the role of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) in Regional Development in Pasi Masjid Village. This writing aims to determine the impact of utilizing Village Fund Allocations in the development of rural areas in the last 5 years. The analytical method used in this study is a qualitative method consisting of indicators in this study namely APBDesa Planning, Fulfillment of Basic Needs, Institutional Strengthening, Increasing Village Potential, Infrastructure Improvement and Development of Rural Areas. The research was conducted in Pasi Masjid Village, Meurebo District, West Aceh Regency with a total of 15 respondents. The results of this study prove that the application of Village Fund Allocation has been directed at the physical and non-physical sectors so that the implementation of Village Fund Allocation Planning, Fulfillment of Basic Needs, Institutional Strengthening, Infrastructure Improvement and Rural Area Development has been carried out effectively in Pasi Masjid Village, Meureubo Regency. However, in the village of Pasi Masjid, it still requires optimizing the roles and functions of social institutions, improving rural infrastructure and improving the functioning of existing economic institutions in the village through increasing Village Fund Allocations.

EVALUATION ON GEOHERITAGE POTENTIAL OF THE LOJING-GUA MUSANG ROAD, KELANTAN

The Lojing-Gua Musang road runs through outcrops that are home to various species of flora and fauna. The road also exposes several lithologies, including those from the Bentong-Raub Suture Zone and the Main Range granite. The area has significant geoheritage values that make it suitable to be geosites. The study aimed to evaluate the potential of the selected localities as geosites based on their educational/scientific, aesthetic/scenic, protection values and public safety. The geoheritage potential assessment was divided into two phases: (1) data gathering for the potential geosite and (2) evaluation using a scoring rubric of the Geosite Assessment Model (GAM). The sites assessed were GunungSwettenham, Sungai Ber Hot Spring, Pos Blau brecciated limestone, and Pos Blau bedded chert. The assessment results showed that Gunung Swettenham and Sungai Ber Hot Spring had higher scores due to their aesthetic values and better protection. Brecciated limestone and bedded chert in Pos Blau area had lower scores in most of the categories of this assessment. To improve the quality of these potential geotourism spots, the study recommends the construction of basic infrastructures, including parking lots, information boards, proper pavement to the interest points, electronic monitoring devices, lighting systems, and security boundaries. Overall, the study suggests that with proper development, these geosites have the potential to attract tourists and promote geotourism in the area.

공공개발사업의 추진 여부에 영향을 미치는 외부 요인에 관한 연구

This study tried to find out how the external environment is affecting the promotion of public development projects among real estate development projects. To this end, additional environmental factors such as location adequacy review and consideration of similar facilities and competitive facilities, which are considered similar to the purpose of this study, were examined among projects subject to central investment review. 138 data were used in the analysis over five years from 2017 to 2022, and the presence or absence of basic infrastructure, including environmental factors within a radius of 5km, the surrounding environment and conditions such as competitive facilities were identified, and what factors affected the passage of the investment review. As a result of conducting a technical statistical analysis before the full-fledged empirical analysis, 99 projects (71.7%) passed the central investment review and 39 projects (29.3%) failed to pass. The total project cost was 32.2 billion won on average, and the average total floor area was 11,852.28㎡, indicating that most of them were large-scale projects. In the case of transportation facilities, 73 (52.9%) project sites with subway and train stations within a radius of 5km were found.

UNLOCKING PRIVATE INVESTMENT BY EXPANDING THE SCOPE OF EXISTING TOLL ROAD PPPs AGREEMENTS

Abstract - The inability of governments in many developing countries to provide basic infrastructure has encouraged the adoption of Public Private Partnership (PPP) schemes. However, many developing countries fail to attract sufficient private investment from the PPP market. This paper develops alternative schemes that can minimize the funding gap and promote sustainable infrastructure investment through modified PPP agreements at later stages of the project life cycle by making special tariff adjustments on existing toll roads. To answer research questions, both conceptual model development and empirical analysis are utilized. The study collects both quantitative and qualitative data for analysis and interpretatio. The results indicate that expanding the scope of existing PPP agreements increases the net present value as it allows for larger cash inflows at the start, leading to a faster payback period. Additionally, this scheme reduces the need for cash deficiency support during the initial period of operation. The alternative schemes encourage lower support for government subsidies, offer a reasonable tariff for users, and provide an attractive investment return for private interests.
 Keywords: Public Private Partnership; Concession Agreement; Toll Road; Sustainable Investment, Funding Gap

Managing future cities: media and information and communication technologies in the context of change

Abstract Purpose The goal of this paper is to examine the usage of information technologies and media in two European case studies – Berlin and Warsaw. Findings from the research can be used to create urban policies and media infrastructure design, based on the different strategies of two European cities. Berlin and Warsaw have taken different paths in implementing the smart city concept, adapting the idea to their economic, historical, and social realities. Media are understood here as human-machine and machine-machine communications, and also in terms of both physical and digital media infrastructure. Methodology The research aims at examining strategies and institutions (both private and public) in light of the practical implementation of smart solutions by City Hall authorities. The study combines analysis of grey literature (news reports, corporate strategies, City Hall documentation) with qualitative research: 30 semi-structured interviews conducted with local municipalities and city planners in both cities. Findings Findings are likely to provide evidence potential drivers and barriers to the implementation of smart city solutions. The results provide evidence that media and information technologies in the city are implemented due to the data policies of entities that usually implement smart city strategy independently. The task of city authorities is to guarantee access to basic infrastructure, which is the basis for creating other solutions by private entities. Practical implications The empirical research is likely to provide evidence that Berlin and Warsaw have not yet fully appreciated the solutions based on communication between machines, but there is increasing use of ‘ad hoc’ solutions. Social implications This study may be used as a source of information for smart city managers, media infrastructure, and urban strategy with a focus on residents and information and communication technologies. Findings are addressed to media and urban experts and scholars, as well as sociologists, political scientists, engineers, ICT specialists, policy-makers, city managers and citizens. Value The study shows the growing importance of mobile devices, media-like services and ICT have resulted in changes in City Hall’s development strategies and new theoretical approaches through which the cities might be analysed. This study finds that networks, platforms and media infrastructure have been used to describe new ways of communication between city authorities, citizens and machines. It has been argued that fostering an advanced media infrastructure (soft and hard) has the potential to create “The Future City”.

Exploring associations between household environmental factors and handwashing with essential agents in sub-Saharan Africa.

3 billion people lack proper home hand hygiene facilities globally. Of these, 1.4 billion (18%) lack soap or water, while 1.6 billion (22%) have neither. This analysis explores the link between living conditions and the use of essential agents in sub-Saharan Africa. This secondary data analysis examines potential associations between the domiciliary environment and the use of essential agents in sub-Saharan Africa. Eighteen demographic and health surveys were used to analyze the association between household environmental factors and handwashing with essential agents. STATA version 16 was used to analyze data from 203,311 households across weighted samples. Using a multivariable multilevel mixed effect logistic regression analysis, it was possible to determine how each independent factor affected the outcome while taking the data clustering into account. The adjusted odds ratio and its associated 95% confidence interval were used to assess the independent factors' statistical significance. Only one in three households 34.84%, practiced handwashing with essential agents, with the highest prevalence in Angola (70.2%) and the lowest in Malawi (6.5%). Educational status [aOR = 1.77; 95%(CI = 1.68-1.86)], female headship[aOR = 1.09; 95%(CI = 1.06-1.2)], household wealth[aOR = 4.08; 95%(CI = 3.84-4.33)], not sharing toilets with other homes[aOR = 1.13; 95%(CI = 1.10-1.17)], having a fixed place for hand washing[aOR = 1.49; 95%(CI = 1.45-1.54)], not having regular access to water [aOR = 0.09; 95%(CI = 0.095-0.10)]and being a rural resident [aOR = 0.85; 95%(CI = 0.82-0.88)] were associated with handwashing. sub-Saharan nations are failing to demonstrate advancements in handwashing practices. There are still a lot of homes without access to basic infrastructure for handwashing and household water sources. For essential agent adoption programs to be successful in an environment with limited resources, Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene measures must be implemented. Furthermore, it is critical to include contextual factors from the current study as well as socio-cultural and psychological characteristics that dissuade people from using essential agents in intervention strategies.

Chinese health funding in Africa: The untold story.

The motivations behind China's allocation of health aid to Africa remain complex due to limited information on the details of health aid project activities. Insufficient knowledge about the purpose of China's health aid hinders our understanding of China's comprehensive role in supporting Africa's healthcare system. To address this gap, our study aimed to gain better insights into China's health aid priorities and the factors driving these priorities across Africa. To achieve this, we utilized AidData's Chinese Official Finance Dataset and adhered to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. We reclassified all 1,026 health projects in Africa, originally categorized under broad 3-digit OECD-DAC sector codes, into more specific 5-digit CRS codes. By analyzing the project count and financial value, we assessed the shifting priorities over time. Our analysis revealed that China's priorities in health aid have evolved between 2000 and 2017. In the early 2000s, China primarily allocated aid to basic health personnel and lacked diversity in sub-sectors. However, after 2004, China shifted its focus more toward basic infrastructure and reduced emphasis on clinical-level staff. Furthermore, China's interest in addressing malaria expanded both in scale and depth between 2006 and 2009. This trend continued in 2012 and 2014 when China responded to the Ebola outbreak by shifting its focus from basic infrastructure to infectious diseases. In summary, our findings demonstrate the changes in China's health aid strategy, starting with addressing diseases already eliminated in China and gradually transitioning towards global health security, health system strengthening, and shaping the governance mechanisms.

Contested values of development: Experiencing commodification of livelihoods through displacement and resettlement in Mozambique

This article examines how and why values are created and contested in the process of development, using an example of development-induced displacement and resettlement in Mozambique. It pays particular attention to the social-material effects of compensation, provided as cash, resettlement housing, replacement land, and basic infrastructure. Drawing from field research on an urban resettlement project of the Limpopo National Park in Massingir district, the article shows that the compensation leads to commodification of livelihoods by reducing the original, largely social and cultural meaning of the livelihood to predominantly an economic one. This is because the provided housing and land for cultivation are standardised and infrastructure incurs cash payments and new labour arrangements. At the same time, the study elucidates processes by which experiencing displacement and resettlement – and cash and in-kind compensation given in this process and commodification that ensued – led the resettled people to reshape their livelihoods in such a way as to re-establish the familiar houses and organise a collective. Outcomes of this process are ambivalent, as they may accelerate uneven development. Yet, the article expounds that recognising this ambivalence at least opens space for deliberations about addressing the contested values of development.

A comparative analysis of social vulnerability to household food security of Raya Kobo and Raya Alamata Weredas, Ethiopia

The study was conducted in Ethiopia’s neighboring weredas, Raya Alamata in Tigray and Raya Kobo in Amhara regional states, to determine the reasons for disparities in household food security in the two districts. The goal was to see if there was a link between social vulnerability in terms of access of communities to basic infrastructures and food security among households in the two districts. It employed both qualitative and quantitative methods using the Aloui Zouhaier governance model. Despite their near proximity, similar work habits, natural resource availability, and land size, the Raya Alamata and Raya Kobo communities have a substantial gap in food security and social vulnerability, with Raya Alamata reporting 84% food insecurity and Raya Kobo reporting 24%. The study examined the degree of social vulnerability and food security of households, with irrigation systems, agricultural input consumption, extension packages, and other support systems being the primary variables connected to disparities in food security between the two weredas. Differences in social vulnerability and food security between the two weredas were mostly attributable to households’ lack of access to irrigation systems, agricultural supplies, and extension services, which were exacerbated by Raya Alamata’s ostensibly, intended administrative marginalization. The study recommends that basic social infrastructure, such as irrigation infrastructure, extension services, agricultural supplies, roads, standard education, health infrastructure facilities, etc., be provided to households in the area, and that the federal government should hold the regional and local government bodies accountable for the failures to ensure the provision of the services that could realize a reduced level of social vulnerability to food insecurity.

Some Pertinent Solutions to the Challenges Faced by the Pakistani Healthcare Systems

Health systems worldwide face various challenges. Disparities are evident among different geographic locations. There are several hurdles in providing high-quality professional education, especially in low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), including insufficient basic infrastructure and a shortage of professionally trained staff. This issue presents a particular risk in LMICs that are ill-equipped to deal with complex and expensive treatments [1, 2]. Although developing and enhancing educational programs to yield more healthcare professionals is constructive, these efforts need to be accompanied by educational structuring that will provide postgraduates with the necessary competencies [3]. It is not uncommon for the patients in LMICs with a potentially curable disease to receive sub-optimal treatment because of a lack of competencies and a caring attitude. This prompts some interesting challenges around the speciality training of postgraduates. In particular, what we are trying to achieve in modern oncology training programmes? Are current examination systems an effective test of knowledge, skills, and safety to practice? And, if so, are they sufficient to prepare for independent practice? Or should training programmes incorporate non-clinical skills related to issues? Interestingly, according to World Health Organization (W.H.O.), there are six elements or system building blocks of the health system that includes (i) service delivery, (ii) health workforce, (iii) health information systems, (iv) access to essential medicines, (v) financing, and (vi) leadership/governance [4]. We believe that these elements overlap with our proposal of inclusion of non-clinical leadership skills during their early years so that they are aware of the gaps and develop a mindset to improve the healthcare system by themselves. In this paper, we propose these five concepts to be inducted into our postgraduate training that will pave the way to improve our healthcare system.

An Empirical Study of Infrastructure and Economic Development in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir

This study compares the 20 districts of Jammu and Kashmir in terms of infrastructure and economic development and finds the districts are trailing behind in terms of infrastructure and economic development. The study also attempts to find a descriptive association between infrastructure and economic development across the districts of Jammu and Kashmir vis-a-vis indices. The study uses the secondary source of information collected from the district-level statistical handbook and Digest of Statistics, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, J&K, 2020–2021. For estimating the infrastructure and economic development across the districts of Jammu and Kashmir, the composite infrastructure development index and composite economic development index have been made by employing the Principal Component Analysis method. The study employs the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett’s Tests of Statistics in order to test the appropriateness of factor analysis for the data. The findings of the study reveal that there exist wide disparities in terms of both the infrastructure and economic development across the districts of Jammu and Kashmir and the large gap in the availability of basic infrastructure facilities across the districts describes the inter-district disparity in the economic development.

Disaster reparations? Rethinking disaster recovery through the politics of affect

AbstractDisaster recovery holds an ambiguous status in debates on disaster politics. Whilst some scholars have documented recovery's tendency to reproduce and exacerbate the historical conditions that underpin disasters and guide their uneven effects, others emphasise its potential to instigate attempts to transform these conditions and initiate new development pathways premised on a commitment to building more just, equitable worlds. In this paper, we extend understanding of the politics of disaster recovery through interviews with governmental organisations planning recovery from COVID‐19 across the world. The research sought to gather insight on the ramifications COVID was bearing on local communities and the arrangements that different agencies were making to mitigate these effects. But our inquiry also explored how COVID had sparked reappraisal of the current configuration and distribution of basic infrastructures that support collective life too. From these interviews, we elaborate on the notion of ‘disaster reparations’ as a potential ethos that could underpin future forms of disaster recovery. Departing from renditions that reduce its significance to monetary matters, reparations first addresses ways of making sense of disasters through the different affects that arise from lived encounters with their real‐time unfolding. Drawing on the work of Lauren Berlant, we argue that these affects signal the pervasiveness of a mode of critique concerned with ‘feeling historical’ about disasters that situates their occurrence within broader historical processes and conditions said to constitute our general contemporary moment. Secondly, we elaborate upon how these reparative affects instigate and connect with debates about how disaster recovery might be mobilised to attend to these conditions and thus address broader inequities. Overall, the paper extends scholarly understanding of the onto‐epistemologies that organise disaster recovery and the political responsibilities that might be integrated into recovery practices in the future.

LAND SUBSIDENCE AND GEOTECHNICAL IMPACT OF JAKARTA KOTA AREA

Land subsidence has long occurred around the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. It is important to know and deal with Land subsidence events which also cause various negative impacts. Aim: When large amounts of groundwater are withdrawn from certain types of rocks, such as fine-grained sediments, land subsidence occurs. The rock compacts because the water helps to keep the ground in place. When the water is removed, the rocks collapse in on themselves.The immediate impact is the building collapse around the Kota Tua of DKI Jakarta. Methodology and Results: The research method used is a quantitative descriptive survey method by observing the amount of land subsidence that occurs in the Kota Tua area and its surroundings. The results showed that there has been a vertical land subsidence that varies between 20-60 cm. Based on the results of the resistivity values and coordinates plotted on the Regional Geological Map (Jakarta and Kep Seribu), the research location is classified into Lithology: Clay, Sand Silt, Gravel, and Pebbles (Quartenary deposits). The phenomenon, land subsidence, is caused by a combination of various parameters, including natural consolidation of alluvial soils, excessive groundwater extraction, and also building loads from infrastructure development and tectonic factors. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: Knowing the value of land subsidence and its location is expected to support urban planning, basic infrastructure planning and development, housing, settlement planning, and local financial improvement in efforts to mitigate land subsidence disasters.

Urbanization Trend in Nepal

Though urbanization is a symbol of modernization which brings changes in economy, division of labour, production of goods, availability of modern urban amenities, urban regions in Nepal are like rural in nature. This study has been carried out to analyze the trend of urbanization from the first scientific census 1952/054 to the latest one in 2021. This study is descriptive type and based on secondary data. Periodic census, CBS publications, Nepal urban development strategy 2017, world urbanization prospect 2018 and other scholarly articles have been used to prepare this paper. Data have been presented in tables, trend line graph, and bar graph. The 1952/054 census reveals that 2.9 percent population resides in 10 urban areas. After 50 years in 2001, urban population reached up to 13.9% with 6.65 percent urban growth rate during the year. Political decision and reclassification of urban areas increased urban population 27.2% by the year 2014; and 66.2% by the year 2021 with 293 urban areas. This dramatic change in the size of urban population lacks urban amenities set by local government operation act 2017. The urbanization level of Nepal is very low by all standards but growth has been rapid in recent years. Urban area of Nepal are facing deficiencies of basic urban infrastructures and facilities such as drinking water, solid waste management, sanitation, environmental pollution, housing, transportation facilities and shortage of energy. Further research might be conducted on this area focusing on the comparative study on urbanization and existing urban pre-requisites of urbanization as per the standard norms. This area attracts further research on providing urban amenities to rural areas as an alternative model of urbanization. This research reveals increasing urbanization trends of Nepal including recent census data and urban amenities which is different from other similar previous research studies.

Role of Urban Planning Standards in Improving Lifestyle in a Sustainable System

The current study aims to propose urban planning standards and urban sustainability transitions to improve the living quality in a sustainable residential area. The planning of urban standards plays a vital role in improving the quality of living in any city. We present the intensity of land exploitation per inhabitant and the social infrastructure to determine a reasonable relationship between the housing development and the green spaces, type of services and indicators by considering the minimum requirement in establishing new sustainable systems and infrastructures. The research provides an in-depth analysis of urbanization developments through various indicators and addresses the exploitation of land use and the future of neighborhoods. New indicators have been developed, which include: the demographic indicators of demand for basic educational infrastructure depending on the current forecast; indicators to determine the exact space required for new infrastructure; academic indicators for each age group (i.e., nursery, preschool, junior and senior); and the minimum required urban green spaces (i.e., public parks, recreational areas and housing developments). The paper compares the proposed required areas and the standard area requirement according to the number of residents per hectare. It also considers the weighted average number of stories to the shared area in a plot. The research also develops a relationship between the proposed development intensity and the percentage share in the plot area, which provides the built-up area and the green area with leisure facilities. Then, we present the share in the plot area, calculated according to current indicators.