Basic Infrastructure Research Articles

Exploring the Gaps and Potential for Strengthening Urban–Rural Linkages in Hoi An City, Vietnam

This study evaluates the gaps between urban and rural linkages within the corridor of Hoi An city and suggests potential solutions utilizing the circulating and ecological sphere principles for further strengthening these linkages and gradually promoting sustainable development of the city and surrounding area. A face-to-face interview method and an Origin 2018-based analysis were utilized to analyse the gaps between urban and rural linkages. Results were represented by ArcGIS 10.3 with a line diagram. The identified obstacles were (a) unequal distribution of human resources and income gaps, (b) poor basic and economic infrastructures, (c) a lack of interest in the agricultural sector and (d) the absence of corresponding policies. The suggested solutions were effective decentralization, raising investment for basic and economic infrastructures and sustainable agricultural systems, including tourism, value-added chain of network building and more focused and effective corresponding policies. This study also recommends optimizing synergies as well as reducing trade-offs between the proposed approach and the Sustainable Development Goals.

Pluralizing the urban waste economy: insights from community-based enterprises in Ahmedabad (India) and Kampala (Uganda)

The delivery of urban basic infrastructure services is often guided by the modern infrastructure ideal, which aims for technical innovation, economic efficiency and uniformity through long-term, centralized management approaches. In rapidly growing urban centres of the global South, however, heterogeneous infrastructure configurations have long involved multiple systems in varying degrees of coexistence. This paper explores how community-based enterprises – organizations that aim not to turn a profit but rather to generate human well-being – contribute to, complement or conflict with wider municipal solid waste management strategies. It does so through two case studies, focused on Luchacos, a local enterprise turning waste into briquettes in an informal settlement of Kampala, Uganda; and the Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA), a cooperative of waste pickers in Ahmedabad, India. Drawing on empirical data and policy analysis, the research finds that, given the necessary state support, community-based enterprises can contribute to a range of sustainability and development objectives.

Spatio-temporal Inequalities in Healthcare Facilities: A case study in Undivided Medinipur District, West Bengal, India

The quality and quantity of health infrastructure are essential elements for the overall human development of a nation. But as per the report of WHO & World Bank (2017), at least half of the world’s population cannot obtain essential health services. Keeping in mind the above-mentioned notation, the present study focuses on the spatio-temporal disparities in healthcare infrastructure among fifty-four blocks under the undivided Medinipur district, by computing Health Infrastructure Index (HII) on the basis of thirteen selected indicators using the Deprivation Index Method, for two temporal scales i.e. for the year 2001 and 2011. The study found that there exists inter-block disparity within the region regarding the availability and accessibility of basic healthcare infrastructure with respect to the population pressure of that region. The study argued for policy implementation by the local government for improving the underdeveloped pockets within the study area.

Development of Transportation and Communication Infrastructure of Bagalkot District

Empirical evidence showed that basic infrastructure very much important in development of economic activities and This paper explored the Transportation and Communication Infrastructure development in Bagalkot district with the help of Secondary data from 2010 to 2013. In this paper we considered two phenomena these are, Transportation Infrastructure Indicators like Road Length, Railway Length, No. of Vehicles, Bridges. Second, Communication Infrastructure like No. of Post Offices, No. of Telephone Exchange and No. of Telephones. The results show that Transportation and Communication was insufficient development in study area. So, The local government will take some necessary actions and make development policies towards developing basic infrastructure in Bagalkot district. Overall once the basic infrastructure foundation is strong, development is not only easily attainable but it is also continuous, stable, quantitative and qualitative.

School health systems under strain: an example of COVID-19 experiences & burnout among school health staff in Pima County, Arizona

BackgroundSchool health staff lead and provide a variety of care for children in schools. As school districts have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic, school health staff have faced unprecedented challenges in protecting the health of students and school staff. Our objective was to qualitatively characterize these pandemic challenges and experiences of school health staff in Pima County, Arizona to identify gaps in school health staff support for improving future emergency preparedness.MethodsWe conducted two focus group discussions (FGDs) with 48 school health staff in Pima County, Arizona in two school districts using a discussion guide including ten open-ended questions. The FGDs were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used the socioecological model (SEM) to organize the thematic analysis and generate codes and themes; data were analyzed using Atlas.ti software.FindingsThe pandemic has significantly challenged school health staff with new pandemic-related job tasks: managing isolation, vaccination, and developing/implementing new and evolving COVID-19 guidelines. School health staff also reported increased stress related to interactions with parents and school administration as well as frustrations with rapid changes to guidance from the health department and policy makers. A common issue was not having enough staff or resources to complete regular job responsibilities, such as providing care for students with non-COVID-19 related health issues.ConclusionsIncreased workload for school health staff resulted in physical burnout, mental distress, and disruption of core functions with long term implications for children’s health. These focus groups highlight the need for improved emergency preparedness in schools during pandemics or infectious disease outbreaks. These include basic infrastructure changes (e.g., personnel support from health departments for tasks such as contact tracing to enable school nurses to continue core functions), and increased funding to allow for hazard pay and more school health personnel during emergency situations. In addition, basic school health infrastructure is lacking, and we should include a licensed school health nurse in every school.

Investigating the role of digitalisation in building collapse: stakeholders' perspective from unexplored approach

PurposeStudies showed that construction digitalisation could prevent or mitigate accidents rate on sites. Digitalisation applications may prevent or mitigate building project collapse (BPC) but with some encumbrances, especially in developing countries. There is a paucity of research on digital technologies application to prevent or mitigate BPC in Nigeria. Thus, the research aims to explore the perceived barriers that may hinder digital technologies from preventing or mitigating building collapse and recommend measures to improve technology applications during development.Design/methodology/approachThe study is exploratory because of the unexplored approach. The researchers collected data from knowledgeable participants in digitalisation and building collapse in Nigeria. The research employed a phenomenology approach and analysed collected data via a thematic approach. The study achieved saturation at the 29th interviewee.FindingsFindings show that lax construction digitalisation implementation, absence of regulatory framework, lax policy, unsafe fieldworkers' behaviours, absence of basic infrastructure, government attitude, hesitation to implement and high technology budget, especially in developing countries, are threats to curbing building collapse menace via digitalisation. The study identified technologies relevant to preventing or mitigating building collapse. Also, it proffered measures to prevent or mitigate building collapse via improved digital technology applications during development.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the construction digitalisation literature, especially in developing countries, and investigates the perceived barriers that may hinder digital technologies usage in preventing or mitigating building collapse in Nigeria.

Infrastructure Investment and Economic Development

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate Infrastructure Investment and Economic Development.
 Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: The study revealed Research on infrastructure investment and economic development highlights the vital role of robust infrastructure in driving economic growth and improving living standards. Adequate infrastructure enhances productivity, reduces transaction costs, and promotes economic activity. Well-developed transportation, energy, and communication systems boost trade competitiveness, attracting foreign investments and fostering global integration. Access to basic infrastructure services aids poverty reduction and inclusive growth by providing employment opportunities and market access, particularly in rural areas. Although infrastructure investments offer multiplier effects, challenges such as funding constraints and regulatory hurdles must be addressed for sustainable and impactful development.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Infrastructure-led Growth Theory, New Economic Geography and Infrastructure as a Constraint to Growth Theory may be used to anchor future studies on Infrastructure Investment and Economic Development. Evaluate projects on their potential to generate direct and indirect economic benefits. Streamline permitting processes, establish clear property rights, and ensure fair competition to foster a competitive market for infrastructure projects.

Challenges in Implementing the Local Node Infrastructure for a National Federated Machine Learning Network in Radiology.

Data-driven machine learning in medical research and diagnostics needs large-scale datasets curated by clinical experts. The generation of large datasets can be challenging in terms of resource consumption and time effort, while generalizability and validation of the developed models significantly benefit from variety in data sources. Training algorithms on smaller decentralized datasets through federated learning can reduce effort, but require the implementation of a specific and ambitious infrastructure to share data, algorithms and computing time. Additionally, it offers the opportunity of maintaining and keeping the data locally. Thus, data safety issues can be avoided because patient data must not be shared. Machine learning models are trained on local data by sharing the model and through an established network. In addition to commercial applications, there are also numerous academic and customized implementations of network infrastructures available. The configuration of these networks primarily differs, yet adheres to a standard framework composed of fundamental components. In this technical note, we propose basic infrastructure requirements for data governance, data science workflows, and local node set-up, and report on the advantages and experienced pitfalls in implementing the local infrastructure with the German Radiological Cooperative Network initiative as the use case example. We show how the infrastructure can be built upon some base components to reflect the needs of a federated learning network and how they can be implemented considering both local and global network requirements. After analyzing the deployment process in different settings and scenarios, we recommend integrating the local node into an existing clinical IT infrastructure. This approach offers benefits in terms of maintenance and deployment effort compared to external integration in a separate environment (e.g., the radiology department). This proposed groundwork can be taken as an exemplary development guideline for future applications of federated learning networks in clinical and scientific environments.

Lessons from a time of upheaval: COVID‐19 in South Asia

AbstractNumerous structural vulnerabilities put developing regions at a disadvantage as they confront the prospect of increasingly frequent extreme shocks. Typical of these regions, South Asia had several characteristics that suggested it would be badly hit by COVID‐19: a sizeable informal sector, growing inequalities in access to health services and social protection, and high levels of hunger and malnutrition. This Special Issue focuses on the South Asian experience through COVID‐19 and distills forward‐looking lessons for the developing world. Included papers point to the importance of strengthening individual resilience, building basic infrastructure and institutional capacity, and implementing inclusive social protection measures.

Research on the influence of digital penetration on the entrepreneurial behavior tendency of rural residents in tourism

Based on the AMO theory framework, this study employs structural equation modeling to empirically analyze 226 questionnaires collected from three villages in Guizhou Province: Zhaoxing Dong Village, Xijiang Miao Village, and Basha Miao Village. The study investigates the influence of digital penetration on villagers' entrepreneurial behavior tendencies in tourism and specifically discusses the mediating effects of digital literacy, entrepreneurial passion, and social network relationships. The results indicate that (1) digital penetration has a direct positive impact on villagers' entrepreneurial behavior tendencies in tourism, and (2) digital literacy, entrepreneurial passion, and social network relationships serve as positive mediators in the relationship between digital penetration and villagers' entrepreneurial behavior tendencies in tourism, functioning as capability, motivation, and opportunity factors, respectively. Based on these findings, this study proposes an implementation path to stimulate villagers' entrepreneurial vitality in the context of digital rural strategies. Suggestions include improving rural basic network infrastructure, actively conducting skills training, inspiring villagers' entrepreneurial enthusiasm, and guiding them to establish social network relationships. The aim is to promote rural economic development, facilitate rural revitalization, and create employment opportunities through entrepreneurship.

Procedural applications of total quality management in university education in light of the COVID-19 pandemic

The current study aimed to establish the basic infrastructure to facilitate the implementation of the procedural applications of total quality management, through the introduction of a fully functional total quality management unit in colleges and scientific departments, in line with internationally recognized standards, by meeting ISO 21001: standards for the requirements of the management system of educational institutions 2018 in light of the coronavirus crisis. A questionnaire was printed including all applications and 40 actions distributed to three categories of volunteers: undergraduate students, graduate students, and faculty members at the university. The current study involved the calculation of several key metrics, including the average number of volunteers, the average level of satisfaction across all choices, and the proportion of overall satisfaction attributable to the mean values observed across all groups. The results indicate a relatively low rating of 15 and a satisfaction level of 25.125 among the sample of undergraduates who participated in the study. In the context of postgraduate education, the scale reached a numerical value of 12.1, resulting in a satisfaction rate of 48.4. The responses or alternatives provided by respected faculty members at the university indicated a high level of confidence and clarity. The results indicate that a large percentage of the respondents 62.322 expressed their satisfaction unequivocally in the categorical response of “exactly yes” with a similar frequency of 8.725. The rationale behind their selection can be attributed to various factors, such as their proximity to the deanship, their great experience in university work, their active participation in decision-making processes, and the limited impact of the Corona pandemic. The satisfaction rate of university professors reached 80.57% overall. The graduate student group ranked second, peaking at 70.56%. In contrast, the statistical figures related to undergraduate students were relatively lower, as they ranked third with a rate of 55.21%.

A Reality of Quality of Life Lived! Socio-economic Impact of Selected Informal Settlements on Neighbourhood Quality in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

The study assessed the selected informal settlements on neighbourhood quality in the Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria, and the Quality of Life (QoL) lived by residents. The objectives of the study were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the residents of the selected informal settlements; identify the causes of informal settlements development in the study area; identify and assess the impact of informal settlements development on the neighbourhood quality of residents’ QoL lived; and identify physical planning measures to improve the neighbourhood quality and QoL of the selected informal settlements. The study adopted a quantitative approach and a descriptive research design. The study employed purposive and simple random sampling techniques for the selection of two (2) settlements namely: Mgbushimini and Nkpor and one hundred (100) respondents were determined and sampled for the study using the Taro Yamane formula at a 10% precision level. The study found that the socio-economic characteristics of residents of the settlements are age bracket 39-48 years of adults and mostly married with an average of 4-5 persons per household. Educational qualification is mostly vocational education, employed temporary, casual and contract and engaged in trading/business and craft/technical. The development of these informal settlements is attributed to low rent, cheap land and free access to land. The buildings are permanent structures, rented apartments of rooming houses of 2-3 rooms as habitable spaces on average. The impacts are poor sanitary conditions, poor layout of buildings and a dirty environment. These conditions have made the residents rate their neighbourhood quality and QoL lived as mostly “fair”, “unsatisfied” and “very unsatisfied”. The study recommended that urban studies should be carried out on the settlements to ascertain the socio-economic characteristics of residents and where needs a priority for improvement, the government should declare the study area blighted and carry out urban renewal schemes to improve the physical, social, and economic conditions, basic urban infrastructure, facilities and services should be provided to improve residents’ access, neighbourhood quality and QoL lived.

Public sector rehabilitation services for physical disabilities in tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan: A qualitative study

BackgroundAround the globe there are 2.4 billion people in need of rehabilitation. Disability and rehabilitation have not gained much importance in the public health arena, possibly due to limited research and awareness regarding the significance of rehabilitation. This study aimed to provide an in-depth understanding of the barriers and facilitators to the provision and utilization of rehabilitation services in public sector tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. MethodologyThis qualitative exploratory study was conducted from August to September 2015 in two tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. The criterion for hospital selection included the availability of functional rehabilitation services. Twenty-four key informant interviews were conducted with health professionals, including doctors, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, prosthetists, orthotists, as well as patients and caregivers. Qualitative content analysis was performed using a consensual qualitative research approach. Responses from key informant interviews were coded into free nodes and then categorized into themes. ResultsTwo themes emerged from the data: constraints to the provision of rehabilitation services, and barriers to the utilization of rehabilitation services. Basic infrastructure was available at both study sites; however, a lack of structured guidelines for referring patients to these services, a lack of information-sharing and guidance to the patients, and a limited supply of equipment (treatment modalities) hampered the provision of services. The barriers to rehabilitation services included cost pertaining to transport, environmental barriers, lack of support from the employer, and strain on and lack of support from caregivers. ConclusionRehabilitation services require attention and investment in research and allocation of funds to strengthen the service delivery system. Hospitals, alongside the department of health, need to develop a strategic plan to set future directions and standards of available rehabilitation services.

A Study of Infrastructural Development in District Siddharth Nagar

Abstract: This research paper focuses on the study of infrastructural development in District Siddharth Nagar, examining the current state of basic infrastructure facilities such as electricity, primary schools, drinking water sources, healthcare facilities, and irrigation infrastructure. The methodology includes a combination of primary data collection through interviews and surveys with key stakeholders and secondary data collection from government reports and relevant sources. The findings reveal that all villages in the district are electrified, with approximately 70% of the villages having primary schools. Hand pumps are the main drinking water source in the majority of villages, indicating a need for improved water supply infrastructure. The presence of sub-centers and healthcare professionals in certain villages reflects progress in healthcare infrastructure. Moreover, a significant portion of cultivable land is under irrigation, supporting agricultural activities. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of continued efforts to address gaps in infrastructure, including enhancing water supply infrastructure, expanding educational facilities, and strengthening healthcare services. Policymakers and stakeholders can utilize the study findings to formulate effective strategies for sustainable infrastructural development in District Siddharth Nagar, ultimately improving the socio-economic conditions and well-being of the residents. Further research and monitoring are recommended to assess progress and inform evidence-based decision-making in the future.

Enhancing Tourism Potential of Ramtek Town, Maharashtra

Abstract: Tourism is acknowledged to be important for development due to its various factots encompassing economic, social, political, environmental, cultural and psychological characteristics . It is also recognized as one of the world’s largest industries, contributing 10% to the global GDP, with enormous potential for further growth. In many countries, especially in the developing countries, tourism has become a major source of foreign exchange earnings emphasizing the need for concentrated and sustained efforts towards its development. . Tourism industry in Maharashtra has a tremendous potential for growth, given the availability of basic infrastructure and the variety of tourist themes offered by various destinations in Maharashtra. Maharashtra has a rich historical and cultural heritage, which has been under-explored by the tourism industry and the government agencies. we are trying to focus one such Pilgrimage Tourist Place “Ramtek” in Maharashtra. Primarily it is a pilgrimage centre also known as kashi of vidarbha for the existence of Ambala lake which is considered as ganga.Ramtek town observes the yatra three times a year during period of Dashahara, Kartik Poornima and shriramnavmi which attracts the people from all-around the region to enjoy the same. The number of pilgrims coming to visit yatra was around one lakh at some time,nowadays reduce in thousands. Ramtek pilgrimage is seen under different religions like Jainism, Hindus and Muslims. The water bodies in the form of lakes, baolis(stepped wells) are the part of rituals. Some of these are also termed as ‘Ganga’, holy water hence deity is placed inside it. Agasthi aashram at ramgiri has got its historical and religious importance in Ramtek.This dissertation is slimly based on to enhance the tourism potential of the ramtek and due to this it could be help in growth of town and also could have job opportunities for the people living in the ramtek town and also we will enhance the existing tourism spots with coordination of religious and leisure tourism

Distribution pattern of households’ income inequality in Eastern Cape, South Africa

Income inequality is a pervasive problem in South Africa and particularly affects the Eastern Cape, where poverty levels remain high despite several efforts to address this societal issue. The datasets from 1499 households used for this study, were extracted from the 2021 South African General Household Survey. This study thus examined the distributional pattern of households’ income inequality in Eastern Cape, South Africa, through the use of exploratory data analysis and application of regression-based decomposition of inequality. The EDA results revealed that relatively older households are more concentrated than those young people, female-headed households were also predominant in the study area, while the majority of the households are Black South Africans. The magnitude of the monetary variables’ departure from the mean inferred clear evidence of a widened households’ income disparity or inequality in the study area. The decomposition analysis indicated the contributions of various socioeconomic factors to income inequality. The findings from the regression-based decomposition of inequality found household size, access to basic infrastructure services, possession of assets, internet communication facilities, and households’ population group, as the major drivers of the households’ income inequality in the province, while livelihood diversity has a relatively moderate proportionate contribution. On the other hand, factors such as age and gender of the household head, as well as households’ involvements in agriculture have a minor effect on the households’ income inequality. This paper finally concludes that the relative contributions of each factor contributing to inequality were deemed important for designing effective policy-relevant interventions which can be used to promote economic growth and to address this persistent challenge of income inequality in society.

Walking for water and fuelwood: Welfare implications for women and children in Ghana

AbstractIn most sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries, the burden of collecting fuelwood and water is gendered. Competing needs for women's time compel them to make choices, which present challenges for poverty reduction. The study investigates the impact of women's limited access to clean fuel and water on children's and women's welfare outcomes using the third wave of the Ghana socio‐economic panel survey. An instrumental variable approach is employed to address the endogeneity of women's time allocation and results suggest that limited access to safe water and clean fuel has significant implications for children's human capital development. I find similar negative effects for women's own health and labour market outcomes. Findings from the study have important policy implications regarding the provision of basic infrastructure for improved welfare outcomes.

LAND REALLOCATION FOR AN UPGRADED URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN IN RWANDA: A CASE STUDY OF PLANNING FOR UPGRADING KABUYE PHASE II SITE/GASABO DISTRICT, KIGALI CITY

Land is required for development of basic public infrastructure. Compensation for current rights holders of such land must be negotiated. Also, the resulting subdivisions will thus be smaller than the original portions of land, and the parcellation exercise will mean that households do not hold the same portion of land they held originally. All of these aspects can lead to conflicts over land if not properly managed. Kigali City Master plan 2050 has its main objective of making a smart city particularly Kabuye Phase II site is rising growth trajectory requires rapidly expanding infrastructure facilities to support it with making detailed Physical planning as a key component of urban development initiatives and sets the boundaries that will help to have Access to affordable infrastructure services for consumption purposes serves to improve household welfare through resident initiative. The detailed topographic survey of the area was undertaken. Secondary data was obtained from the District level and other stakeholders. The Kigali City master plan provides useful information while the Google Earth Pro platform proved beneficial. Existing parcels were 2125 Parcels with informal planning having area of 156ha. The new plot and different land use have proposed as Residential with 1902 new plots, off-core commercial, Road, Pathway and 1252 Parcels have remained as Existing one but arranged referring to the planning and total cost of priorities activities within the site is 1,430,661,116Frw. Each plot will be contribute land at 23.84% and financial contribution in order to finalize this project will be 632,924frw by new one plot to be developed and 181,182frw/previously permitted and previously constructed plot. However, there are still some serious concerns evident in the newly readjusted area. These should be viewed as recommendations to be taken into account by future project implementers and partners, particularly the local government units overseeing the project sites. The most important emerging issues are the growing income disparity with the exclusion of the poorest from the development process.

One Health in Turkana County, Kenya: Applications and Lessons Learned

Abstract Pastoralists contribute to social, environmental, and economic well-being in the drylands of Northern Kenya. Pastoralism is also their way of life and how they manage their livelihoods. However, the marginalization of these communities, including the lack of basic infrastructure and services, compounded by the increasing threat of infectious disease and climate change, has led to the loss of livelihoods and poor health. One Health service delivery can improve pastoralists’ health and livelihoods. This case examines the development of the One Health policy in Turkana County, Kenya. The Turkana One Health Strategy (TOHS) is undergoing final approval. We discuss the contributions of the One Health Strategic Plan for the Prevention and Control of Zoonotic Diseases in Kenya, the One Health framework for integrated service delivery, and the Kimormor outreach model to this plan. We also describe recent One Health activities in Turkana and identify the benefits and limitations of each. One Health service delivery improved access to human health, animal health, and administrative services in rural, hard-to-reach areas in Turkana. Empowering communities to lead and take ownership of One Health activities is critical for implementation. One Health service delivery has some limitations, such as being resource and time intensive and being a relatively new concept in healthcare. Turkana County provides a valuable example of how One Health policy turns into practice through multilevel coordination structures, the support of public and private partners, and transdisciplinary research. It can act as a model for implementing One Health activities in Northern Kenya and other countries. Information © The Authors 2023

Revisiting Cifuentes’s Model for Cultural Heritage Tourism in the Era of Pandemics: The Site of Mardin Cultural Landscape Area

ABSTRACT The sustainability of tourism areas requires visitor management complying with their carrying capacities. By focusing on culture, this study revisits Cifuentes’s model developed for determining tourist load capacity within the field of ecology and used widely in natural protection areas. Theoretically, from within the field of urban planning, it contributes with adaptation of this model into a mere cultural heritage site. Practically, it creates scientific bases for visitor management of the area of Site Management Plan for Artuklu (Mardin) considering the limitations of the pandemic. First, the study area covering the site of “Mardin Cultural Landscape” and its environs was divided into different Visitor Management Zones (VMZs) by following opportunity spectrum approaches. VMZs, characterized by high, medium, low tourist densities, were determined by evaluating the findings of MCDA. Secondly, physical (PCC), real (RCC), and effective (ECC) carrying capacities adapted from model were calculated for each VMZ. The findings indicated a high level of difference between the PCC and RCC and much higher difference with that of ECC. The RCCs and ECCs signified that unless resolving basic infrastructure problems besides inefficiencies of personnel employment for the proper management of the site, it is not possible for it to welcome new visitors.