Basic Infrastructure Research Articles

THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP IN ATTRACTING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT THROUGH: A FIELD STUDY OF A SAMPLE OF IRAQI INVESTMENT AGENCIES

The aim of the study is to learn the role of strategic leadership in attracting foreign direct investment on a sample of Iraqi investment promotion organisations. Investment opportunities exist in the Iraqi environment but are not attractive due to many factors. Among them are the political, security,economic and legal instability of the Iraqi environment, making it unattractive to investments due to administrative and financial corruption, poor management, weakness of the basic infrastructure of the state that restricts the freedom of the investor in many areas.The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, and to achieve the objectives of the study, the sample was selected using the exhaustive enumeration method.The main instrument of data collection is questionnaire.These standards were adapted to suit the requirements of the Iraqi environment.The size of the selected sample consisted of 155 individuals representing senior management in investment institutions, from which 131 valid questionnaires were received for analysis. Statistical programs SPSS and AMOS and various statistical methods were used to determine the correlation and effect relationships between the study variables. Several conclusions were drawn from the results.The most important of these are that there is a high degree of strategic leadership in investment organisations, there is a positive parallel relationship between the study variables, there is a statistically significant effect between strategic leadership and attracting FDI.In the light of these results, a few recommendations have been made, the most important of which are as follows; To increase interest in the strategic leadership of investment institutions due to their role in improving realizing, and sustaining FDI attraction, so that they have the ability to improve their internal and external environment to raise the level of institutions and ensure competitiveness.It is necessary to increase the growing interest in the strategic leadership of investment institutions due to their role in improving, realizing, and maintaining the attraction of foreign direct investment, so that they have the ability to improve their internal and external environment to raise the level of institutions and ensure competitiveness,including the vision and mission of the institutions

Sustainable Renewal in Urban Areas: Looking Beyond the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

Urbanisation is a continuous process of growth by which the cities accommodate the shifting populations. A city must continually address concerns related to housing, employment and the balance of demand and supply of basic infrastructure services. The act of planning for urban growth and transformation is termed Urban Renewal. While urban renewal started after World War 2 in Europe, it was not until the 1980s that issues of sustainability were addressed through urban renewal. Sustainable urban renewal enables a balance of physical, social, economic, and ecological improvements in cities. This paper presents case studies of some exemplary urban renewal projects implemented around the world focussing on physical, social, cultural, economic or ecological development of an area. It traces the evolution of the concept of urban renewal in the Indian context with a focus on the biggest scheme launched by the Indian government under the aegis of JNNURM. It further analyses the performance of JNNURM on the sustainability platform. The paper concludes by proposing that the learnings from JNNURM should be used to devise the next phase of urban renewal programs in India and that all future schemes should be based on sustainable urban regeneration principles. It also proposes that effective implementation of any UR scheme requires the strengthening and empowering of the urban local bodies as well as contextualising the issues while engaging the community in the process of planning and implementation.

Factors associated with the cholera outbreak in Al-Mahweet-Yemen: Analytic Study.

The emergence of cholera in 2016 in Yemen, worsened the morbidity and mortality of diarrheal diseases, particularly among children under five. Multiple outbreaks in Yemen are triggered by years of conflict and the collapse of basic infrastructure including water supply and sanitation systems. This study aims to assess factors associated with the cholera outbreak, in a cholera-prone region, in Al-Mahweet, Yemen. We conducted a multivariate analysis of the data collected through a household survey of 384 households in Al-Mahweet, Yemen. Families with children under five years, large households, and those living in Al Mahweet district were associated with a higher incidence of cholera. Water treatment by boiling, filtering, and chlorination as a protective practice against cholera showed a borderline significance, while other WASH practices including regular hand washing, open defection, safe water source, and improved sanitation facilities were statistically insignificant. Community awareness of cholera transmission and prevention measures showed no association with cholera incidence. Findings suggest that living conditions, including large households and lack of access to treated water, increase the risk of cholera. Interventions to increase access to treated water and improve the hygienic conditions of large households are of central importance. Affected communities must receive effective educational campaigns that are adjusted to change hygienic practices and improve knowledge of cholera transmission and protection measures.

Understanding China's shifting priorities andpriority-setting processes indevelopment assistance forhealth.

Over the past two decades, China has become a distinctive and increasingly important donor of development assistance for health (DAH). However, little is known about what factors influence China's priority-setting for DAH. In this study, we provide an updated analysis of trends in the priorities of Chinese DAH and compare them to comparable trends among OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) donors using data from the AidData's Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset (2000-2017, version 2.0) and the Creditor Reporting System (CRS) database (2000-2017). We also analyse Chinese medical aid exports before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic using a Chinese Aid Exports Database. We further explore the potential factors influencing China's shifting priority-setting processes by reviewing Chinese official documents following Walt and Gilson's policy analysis framework (context-actors-process-content) and by testing our conjectures empirically. We find that China has become an important DAH donor to most regions if measured using project value, including but not limited to Africa. China has prioritized aid to African and Asian countries as well as to CRS subsectors that are not prioritized by DAC donors, such as medical services and basic health infrastructure. Chinese quarterly medical aid exports almost quintupled after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Noticeably, China has allocated more attention to Asia, eye diseases and infectious disease outbreaks over time. In contrast, the priority given to malaria has declined over the same period. Regarding factors affecting priority shifts, the outbreaks of SARS and Ebola, the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative and the COVID-19 pandemic appear to be important milestones in the timeline of Chinese DAH. Unlike stereotypes of China as a 'lone wolf' donor, our analysis suggests multilateral processes are influential in informing and setting Chinese DAH priorities.

Sosialisasi Konsep Smart Village Berdasarkan SDGs

Digital transformation plays an important role in improving people's welfare, especially in rural areas. The first step in realizing the concept of a Digital Village, Smart Village, and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) involves the integration of information and communication technology to improve efficiency, accessibility and public services. Digital Villages experience change through the implementation of digital basic infrastructure and increased technological literacy, while Smart Villages optimize the use of data and technology-based solutions to improve village governance. Achieving the SDGs is the main goal in designing sustainable solutions. Hasanuddin University's Information Systems Study Program supports efforts to achieve SDGs in assisted villages, including Peace Villages in Maros Regency. The initial socialization regarding Smart Village has attracted the interest of residents, and the potential for implementation by the Academic Community from Study Programs in the Village has also received support.

Participant approach model in a basin: A case study from Turkey

Abstract The Beyşehir Lake Basin, which is the study area, is the second largest sub-basin within the Konya province, located southwest of the Konya Closed Basin in terms of surface by 7,308 km2. Some basin characteristics such as slope, elevation classes, land use, aspect groups, land capability class, erosion status were examined by a Geographic Information System. The aims of the study were to determine the problems and the requests and suggestions of the people living in the basin, and to reveal the needs and deficiencies. For these purposes, the current and potential situation of the basin was evaluated using a holistic evaluation approach, which represents the most important of the watershed management principles, and the solutions were concluded in the light of the findings of the study. Migration, inadequacy of agricultural activities, lack of pasture areas for livestock activities, lack and neglect of irrigation water and irrigation infrastructure, lack of basic infrastructure such as village roads, and soil losses due to lack of erosion structures were the most obvious problems of the basin based on the results of the Ask–Find–Resolve analyses.

Implementation of Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis for Patients With Pierre Robin Sequence in a Developing Country Through International Collaboration: A Paradigm for Success.

Though it has made significant strides, Vietnam remains a resource-constrained country of 98 million people. Vietnam National Children's Hospital (VNCH) provides tertiary care to a catchment of 40 million people and is the sole national children's hospital. As such, it is one of the few referral centers in the country equipped to take care of patients diagnosed with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) as this requires pulmonary, critical care, otolaryngology, and plastic surgery expertise. Before 2015, the only surgical options were tongue lip adhesion or tracheostomy. Only 20% of patients successfully avoided tracheostomy, mechanical ventilation, or death. From 2015 to 2019, mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) was introduced by visiting international surgeons on a short-term basis. Since 2020, local surgeons at VNCH have refined their technique and widely use MDO independently. This report seeks to capitulate their experience and identify factors leading to success. A retrospective review was conducted of patients diagnosed with PRS at VNCH from 2015 to 2022. Paper records were digitized, translated, and reviewed for inclusion criteria, including demographics, indications, hospital course, and postoperative outcomes. Complete records satisfying inclusion criteria were available for 53 patients with a diagnosis of PRS who underwent MDO from 2020 to 2022. From 2015 to 2019, there were 19 cases of MDO, though records were incomplete. The median age at the time of MDO was 50 ± 43 days. Forty patients (75.5%) had isolated PRS and 13 (24.5%) were syndromic. Forty-four patients (83%) had a cleft palate. Fifty-one (96.2%) of patients required preoperative supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation. The active distraction and consolidation phase was 4.8 ± 1.3 months. The median days to discharge after surgery was 19.0 ± 8.3 days. Median weight at birth, at the time of surgery, and at the time of device removal were 6.8 ± 1.2, 7.7 ± 1.9, and 14.8 ± 2.8 pounds, respectively. Fifty-two patients (98.1%) had obstructive sleep apnea preoperatively with an average Apnea Hypopnea Index of 25.0 ± 10.6. Post-MDO, only 4 (7.5%) had obstructive sleep apnea and the average Apnea Hypopnea Index was 5.2 ± 0.6. No patients (0) required a tracheostomy for a 100% success rate. The tremendous success of the implementation of MDO by local surgeons in Vietnam after its introduction by visiting international surgeons illustrates a paradigm for capacity-enhancing global surgical endeavors. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis has replaced tongue lip adhesion as the surgical treatment of choice for PRS patients at VNCH. Surgical techniques can be transferred to operating environments with basic infrastructure through collaboration and resource optimization. These results demonstrate that global surgical engagement may be scalable and repeatable with direct benefits for patients in lower-middle-income countries.

A Study on Bus Passengers Behaviour with Special Reference to Bangalore City

The transport system provides the basic infrastructure and it affects the economic activities of the country. The transport sector in India is divided into passenger and freight. The passenger services are available in both government private of bus category. At present private sector owns majority of the buses compared to government. In Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka also the private transport players dominating the passenger’s transportation market, especially if the travelling distance is more than 250 KM. Initially consumers (passengers) have been attracted with the facilities and service given by private bus operators. With the increasing competition and other policy issues, the private bus operators are implementing peak load pricing strategy. This pricing strategy is unexpected and unjustifiable to any passenger and even unbearable to them. And the facilities and service are same. Therefore a study has been made by the researcher to bring out the passengers behavior with peak load pricing by private operators with reference to Bangalore city in the state of Karnataka . By using judgment random sampling technique, 110 respondents were selected as sample size and information gathered through interview method. The outcome of the research has shown very interesting results such as customers’ dissatisfaction on Government failure to control the Private Bus operators and the price exploitation, in connection with their no alternative to avoid the services

Food Hygiene, Safety Measures, and Associated Factors among Street Food Vendors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Implications for Intervention Activity Design and Implementation

Background. Foodborne outbreaks and epidemic diseases are common in resource-limited countries. Many people in developing countries are increasing their habit of eating fast foods prepared on the street due to their low cost and accessibility, while most of them get sick due to poor food hygiene practices and safety measures among the street food vendors. Therefore, this research is aimed at assessing food hygiene knowledge, practices, and associated factors among street food vendors. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 494 street food vendors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The data were collected using a face-to-face interview with a pretested questionnaire. All precautions for prevention of COVID-19 were followed since the study was conducted during the COVID-19 era. The data were entered into a computer and cleaned using EpiData 3.4 before being exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval was used to identify the factors that were significantly associated with poor hygiene practice. Results. In this study, 78% of street food vendors had poor hygienic practices. Monthly income less than 2000 birr (AOR=1.95, 95% CI (1.36, 11.26), p=0.014), age groups less than 25 years of age (AOR=3.17, 95% CI (1.12, 8.97), p=0.03), food vendors who prepare food while not healthy (AOR=2.07, 95% CI (1.25, 5.93), p=0.025), and lack of toilet facilities (AOR=2.84, 95% CI (1.58, 9.68), p≤0.001) were significantly associated with the poor hygiene practices of street food vendors at a significance level of p≤0.05. Conclusions. The general food hygiene practices and safety measures were poor. Age groups younger than 25 years of age, monthly income less than 2000 birr, preparing food while sick, and lack of access to toilet facilities were significantly associated with poor food hygiene and safety practices. To promote food safety and community health, street food vendors should receive health education and training about proper food hygiene practices through health extension workers and mass media. Basic infrastructure and services like clean water supply and waste disposal facilities should be provided for street vendors to improve food hygiene and safety practices.

Finding Packet Dropper and Collecting Missing Packet due to Packet Dropping Attackers in Mobile Adhoc Network Using Divide and Conquer Algorithm

Objective: Finding the Packet dropping attacker and collecting the missing packet in the MANET is one of the challenging task since the characteristics of the MANET node mobility. Packet Transmission from the source node to the Destination node is done after sending the Route Request and Route Reply, reliable path chosen based on the protocol selection in Mobile Adhoc Network which is self-organized running without any basic infrastructure. Data which is going to send by the sender is divided in to the packet and put sequence numbering on the packet finally transmitted on the medium. Each and every packet get travelled on the assigned path to reach to the destination. If any packet missed on the transmission the source node has to retransmit to the destination. while forwarding the packet from one hop to another the packet dropper attacks are play dropping the packets. Methods: There are several methods were proposed for elaborating the packet dropping attacks and solution for finding the attackers in the MANET, but none of the methods proposed for collecting the missed packet instead of getting retransmission. Divide and conquer method between the route to destination path applied to finding the packet dropper attacker and collecting the missing packet from the previous node. Findings: The proposed method could be implement using network simulator and performance result could be better than existing packet dropper attacker work. Novelty: This proposed article shows packet dropper attackers in the MANET and collecting the missing packet by using the divide and conquer algorithm in the source to destination path route.

Prospects of geothermal field development in Gandhar, Gujarat, India

Field development is an important part of natural resource utilization and exploration because it involves a systematic evaluation and optimization of a specific area. This study examines the geothermal field development in the Gandhar region of Gujarat, India. Gandhar for the past several decades has been a flourishing field for hydrocarbon extraction. However, as the world is dealing with environmental issues and the need to shift to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, geothermal energy has emerged as a feasible and ecologically sound option. This study aims to understand the potential of regions in and around Gandhar as a prospective geothermal field of the west coast continental margin of India. Three primary disciplines namely geological, geochemical, and geophysical surveys are employed on the surface to assess the potential of Gandhar's geothermal resources. Geological assessments provide information about underlying geological formations, which might help to locate possible geothermal resources. The Deccan basement is a prominent source of magmatic heat, with a thermal gradient ranging from 1.29 to 1.87 W/K. This enhances Gandhar's geothermal potential by heating the underlying water in conjunction with radionuclides found in the Earth's core. The temperatures range from 60 to 80 °C according to Giggenbach triangle method. Gandhar's geothermal potential is further highlighted by the fact that its water is bicarbonate-rich, which connects it to possible subterranean aquifers. These results are verified by geophysical studies. Prospective geothermal reserves and four way closures can be found by as anomalies. Gravity survey reveal a doubly plunging antiform, with gravity high value of 5.4 and 5.3 mGa l respectively, which is corroborated by magnetic peaks of 58 and 56.2 nT Areas with higher conductivity are identified by resistivity studies, which also indicate possible fluid paths and geothermal reservoirs. The paper outlines a conceptual field development plan for the identified prospect. The basic infrastructure and the cost associated with it for field development is worked out. The cost of production/MWe of energy generation is also highlighted.

Learned Lessons and New Normal in Education After the Covid-19 Pandemic From Saudi K-12 Teachers’ Perspectives

Aim/Purpose: This study evaluated the e-learning experience of Saudi K-12 teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. More specifically, it explored their perceptions of e-learning. It also investigated the teaching approaches and strategies, tools for facilitating e-learning, assessment tools, and social media used by teachers for communicating with students in e-learning during the pandemic. Furthermore, it identified the weaknesses of e-learning as perceived by the teachers. Background: The education sector has been severely impacted by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic that has spread globally. The lockdown has damaging effects on the educational system as well, notably in Asia. Traditional classroom education has quickly changed to online instruction as a result of the extended closure of schools and institutions. Methodology: The study used a mixed-methods approach involving quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis in this exploratory study. A cohort of 426 randomly selected K-12 teachers completed an electronic questionnaire in the second semester of the 2021 school year. Contribution: The study revealed successful e-learning experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. The teachers reported favorable perceptions of e-learning and used teaching approaches and strategies aligned with e-learning. Findings: The results revealed that the teachers’ perceptions of e-learning were positive. However, substantial differences in e-learning perceptions in some variables were found, e.g., experience using the Internet and computer applications. However, no significant differences by sex were found. The results also revealed the teaching approaches and strategies, tools for facilitating e-learning, assessment tools, and social media for communicating with students, which were used more frequently by the teachers in e-learning during the pandemic. Recommendations for Practitioners: The findings of this study would persuade educational institutions and policymakers to improve the quality of online teaching with the most up-to-date teaching methods, along with government support for bettering basic infrastructure and Internet connectivity, bridging the digital divide, and developing rural areas to make e-learning more successful and well-liked throughout the nation. Recommendation for Researchers: This new discovery prompts aspiring researchers to explore teachers’ perceptions of e-learning. Researchers would find this work important because the results revealed successful e-learning experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Impact on Society: Because of the impact of e-learning during COVID-19, schools and society should not discard it. This can improve the e-learning experience for both teachers and students. Online-based and classroom-based education modes have advantages, and combining both methods is appropriate to benefit from these advantages. Future Research: Future work will need to be more detailed, including either qualitative or investigations. Further, more research can investigate instructors’ discernments alongside students’ and parents’ insights toward virtual classes.

Decision support system for cost planning and implementation of production tasks of LW “Bogdanka” S.A. – the concept of integrating IT solutions towards the idea of an intelligent mine

The article presents the concept and specific activities undertaken by LW “Bogdanka” S.A. to build an IT system that integrates the current dispatching solutions of the mine with IT systems supporting the management of basic underground infrastructure facilities. This concept forms the substantive foundation of a solution that supports the decision-making system for conducting production activities using IT solutions and production monitoring, implemented under the slogan “Intelligent Mine”. The Intelligent Mine, as understood by LW “Bogdanka” S.A., involves a series of innovative technical solutions aimed at increasing mining effectiveness while ensuring the safety of underground workers and minimizing the environmental impact. The article addresses several key issues, including the practical experience of LW “Bogdanka” S.A. in innovative deposit management, scheduling access, preparatory and exploitation works, production resources management, and monitoring of production processes. Additionally, the article explores how these integrated IT systems contribute to improving operational efficiency, enhancing safety protocols, and promoting sustainable mining practices. By providing a comprehensive overview of these initiatives, the article highlights the significant advancements and practical implementations that LW “Bogdanka” S.A. has achieved in its journey toward becoming an Intelligent Mine.

EMPOWERING CITIZENS THROUGH DIGITAL INDIA:AN OVERVIEW

Digital India is a campaign launched by the Government of India to ensure that the Government's services are made available to citizens electronically through improved online infrastructure and by increasing Internet connectivity or making the country digitally empowered in the field of technology. The initiative includes plans to connect rural areas with high-speed internet networks. It consists of three core components: the development of secure and stable digital infrastructure, delivering government services digitally, and universal digital literacy. Launched on 1 July 2015, by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, it is both enabler and beneficiary of other key Government of India schemes, such as Bharat Net, Make in India, Startup India, Stand up India, industrial corridors, Bharat Mala and Sagar Mala. Digital India has 3 core components: - 1. Delivering Government Services Digitally 2. Universal Digital Literacy 3. Development of Secure and Stable Digital Infrastructure Digital technologies including mobile applications and cloud computing are considered as catalysts for rapid growth of a nation’s economy and empowering citizens across the globe. These technologies are used by us daily, from government offices to retail stores. They help us to share information on concerns or issues faced by us and connect us with each other. Technology giants from all over the world paid attention to the Digital India campaign and are readily and happily supporting the initiative. Even Mark Zuckerberg, the CEO of Facebook, had changed his profile picture to support Digital India. He started a trend on Facebook and promised to get the Wi-Fi Hotspots in rural India working. Google started on its commitment to providing broadband connectivity at 500 railway stations in India. Microsoft agreed on providing broadband connectivity to 5,00,000 villages in the country. Microsoft is also making India its cloud hub via the Indian data centres. Oracle planned on investing in 20 states to work on Smart City initiatives and Paymentech. A digitally connected India is aimed at the growth of the social and economic status of the masses in the country. The development of non-agricultural economic activities could pave the path for such an achievement, for providing access to financial services, health, and education. Information and Communication Technology alone cannot directly impact the overall development of a country. Basic digital infrastructure could help achieve overall development. Last but not the least, the paper also discusses the policies and initiatives of Digital India to empower the Citizens .

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРОЙ КАК ФАКТОР ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ МИГРАЦИОННОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ЮЖНОЙ ОСЕТИИ

The article describes indicators of the population dynamics and the demographic processes affecting it in South Ossetia in the context of the city-village. In the sphere the issue of intensive outflow of population from the villages of the republic is particularly acute. With the help of sociological research, main reasons for that negative process were identified. Among the reasons mentioned by the respondents, the underdevelopment of the village’s social infrastructure often appears. We have analyzed the level of provision of basic social infrastructure facilities for the rural population of the republic and their impact on the intensity of population outflow by administrative districts and village sizes. Against the background of the general underdevelopment of the social sphere, a particularly difficult situation is recorded in sparsely populated villages. The study showed that the number of sparsely populated villages is growing annually. The main reasons are: the deformed age and social structure of the population, the disrupted settlement system, etc., which is a serious obstacle to social and economic development of the village and the region as a whole. In order to identify the factors and reasons for the intensive outflow of the rural population of South Ossetia, sociological surveys were conducted in 1980, 2010 and 2020. A comparative analysis of the results of those surveys and the data obtained from rural administrations is conducted for the first time.

АГРОМАРКЕТИНГ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

In the work, the management of agricultural resources is considered from the standpoint of the economic agrosystem, which should be built on the principles of optimization and predictability, which can be achieved due to the digitization of the industry. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the role of marketing in the process of collecting, analyzing and processing information. The purpose of the article is the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the applied aspects of agricultural marketing in the conditions of digital transformation. The problems of the implementation of digital technologies in rural areas are identified: the reduction of the share of the rural population, which reduces opportunities in the field of education and employment, the limitation of the basic IT infrastructure and the need for investment costs for the implementation of specific digital solutions taking into account existing opportunities. Agromarketing is proposed to be considered as an integrative management system of an enterprise for the production and sale of agricultural products, which ensures the formation of sustainable relationships between agricultural enterprises and consumers to meet the needs of the population in agricultural products and services. This goal should be achieved by providing not only monitoring of the agricultural market, but also forecasting of long-term conditions with a high degree of reliability; minimization of the impact on the environment and production of quality products; formation of the appropriate material and technical base for the storage of agricultural products; minimization of intermediary structures. The main task of agricultural marketing is to identify and research the needs of potential consumers of agro-industrial complex; selection of products for production, establishment of its properties; coordination of terms and volumes of production; preservation and expansion of the existing market share in accordance with the set goals; increasing sales volumes and obtaining the desired results. The specificity of agro-industrial production and sale of agricultural products determines the variety of specific marketing schemes, including the study of the state and dynamics of consumer demand and the use of the obtained data in the process of developing and making economic decisions; maximum adaptation of production to market requirements in order to improve the efficiency of the enterprise's functioning; influencing market and consumer demand through means such as advertising, sales promotion and shaping in a direction that is meaningful to the enterprise. The work defines the main areas of implementation of digital technologies in marketing activities of agribusiness: digitalization of the agricultural market, digitalization in the field of enterprise management, precision agriculture with climate control, use of cloud platforms and big data analytics. At the same time, the implementation of digital technologies in the marketing activities of agribusiness should be carried out in parallel with the digital transformation of the entire industry.

Geographical Accessibility to Basic Infrastructures and Services in Rural Senegal: The Case of the Niakhar Area

Geographical Accessibility to Basic Infrastructures and Services in Rural Senegal: The Case of the Niakhar Area

Smar city information system based on LoRa technology

Information and communication technologies based on wireless communications and the Internet of Things (IoT) concept are key to transforming traditional settlements into smart cities as they provide the basic infrastructure of utilities and services. To be effective, IoT-based services may require different technologies and network topologies, even when dealing with the same urban scenario. In this context, LoRa technology deserves special attention. The features of introducing LoRa into smart city systems are considered. Requirements for the optimal assignment of LoRa transmission parameters are formulated. Keywords «smart city», Internet of things, data transmission, LoRa, infrastructure

Addressing Global Poverty: The Role of Aid in Achieving Inclusive Growth

Global poverty got reduced due to the growth achievements made by China and India, but poverty is increasing in Africa and other regions. The COVID-19 pandemic even deepened poverty across all countries. Africa now faces another pandemic, the Mpox. However, amidst the current pandemic, ODA is even more important to help LDCs cope with demands from citizens. Aid positively impacts extreme poverty, though empirical evidence is required to claim causality. However, the ‘fundamental question is not whether aid works, but rather how aid can be made more effective. Fragile states cannot embark on development without stability, and stability cannot be guaranteed amidst widespread poverty. Instability, fragility, and poverty are therefore symbiotic, correlated and must urgently be addressed as a global public good. It was so good that global attention was focused on ending the COVID-19 pandemic so that states could get back on development tracks. Developed countries must now cancel poor countries’ long termed debt that had no quantum impact on national development. Often times, political elites benefit from such assistance more than the poor people. Therefore, countries giving Aid need to provide more aid to assist LICs and MICs achieve strategic pro-poor and inclusive growth to alleviate extreme poverty. The provision of AID does not mean that developing states must rely on ODA. They must be accountable and transparent in handling development assistance. In fact, donors should use their nationals and companies to implement infrastructural projects in receiving states so that the aid does not get misapplied. The receiving states need to supervise project and program implementation. Institutions are one of the deep determinants of growth. Therefore, to alleviate poverty, developing countries must build inclusive and effective institutions that will protect property rights, law, and order, ensure macroeconomic stability, provide public goods and services, and invest in education, health, food security and basic infrastructure to help poor countries achieve growth. Donor and recipient countries must target aid at economic growth corridors to spur economic growth so that the needs of the extreme poor, vulnerable and excluded can be addressed within an inclusive global poverty eradication framework.

Building Planning Policy Innovation: Integrated Solutions for Transforming Slum Areas into Sustainable Settlements

Slum areas pose a major challenge in sustainable urban development. To transform slum areas into habitable and environmentally sustainable settlements, it is imperative to implement effective building arrangements. This research proposes a policy model that can guide the arrangement of buildings in slum areas toward sustainable residential development. This policy model focuses on integrating social, economic, and environmental aspects to create comprehensive solutions. The research methods used include literature reviews, policy analysis, and case studies to identify the key factors that influence building planning in slum areas. The research results show that a participatory approach from various stakeholders, including local communities, regional governments, and the private sector, is key to designing and implementing successful building planning policies. In addition, this approach should be accompanied by efforts to strengthen the capacity of local communities, develop basic infrastructure, and provide better access to public services. The implication of this research is to provide practical guidance for policymakers, urban planners, and related practitioners to improve slum areas into socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable settlements. Implementing an appropriate policy model is hoped to lead to a positive and sustainable transformation of slum areas and improve the quality of life of their residents.