Basic Immunization Research Articles

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stunting pada Anak: Studi Literatur

Stunting is a global health problem and in Indonesia, both in urban and rural areas. Stunting occurs in children and if preventive actions are not taken such as nutrition, immunization, and maintain a clean environment, it may cause disturbances in children in brain development, body metabolism, and physical growth. Risk factors for stunting in children’s parental habits , basic immunization, basic sanitation, history of infectious diseases, smoking habits, and upper respiratory tract infections. The purpose of this study is to provide information on factors that play a role in the risk of stunting according to a review study. This study uses a descriptive method with a literature review approach using previous research from the Sinta database. The review criteria used are indexed by Sinta 2, 3, 4, and 5, published times over the last 5 years. The conclusion of this literature review study is that there are several factors associated with the incidence of stunting such as the parenting habits of children, basic immunization, basic sanitation, history of infectious diseases, smoking habits, and incidence of respiratory infections.

Factors Associated with Providing the Basic Immunization to Infants

Basic immunization is the first providing immunization to acquire the immune level on the verge of protection given to baby before one year which was aimed to get a full set of basic immunization for each baby with a good indicator that is full immunization (IDL). The indicator was influenced by several independent variables such as mother’s job status, education, knowledge, attitude, perception, and support from cadre and family. From total 89 villages in Lamandau district since 2015 to 2018, there were 82 villages of Universal Child Immunization (UCI) (92.1%) increased by 22.78% than 2016 is 69.32%. However, there was Drop Out (DO) of 2.83% from the village thathad not reached a full set of basic immunization of infants in Kujan Village. The objective of this study is to determine the factors associated with providing a full set of basic immunization of infants in Kujan village, Bulik district, Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. The research employed cross sectional design. Data was collected from 80 mothers who had children aged 12-24 months during February 2020. The study samples was conducted with total sampling (80 respondents). The results of study used chi square test with levels of trust that is 95%. It showed a significant relationship between education by providing a full set of basic immunization of infants with p-value = 0.000. Meanwhile, employment status, knowledge, attitudes, family support, perceptions, support from cadres were not related to complete immunization. Therefore, based on the results of this study, it is suggested to the Lamandau Regency Government in the long term to improve the education of healthy mothers and also massive education related to the importance of immunization to increase the complete basic immunization coverage in Kujan Village.

Hubungan Antara Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Imunisasi Dengan Kelengkapan Imunisasi Pada Bayi Usia 0-14 Bulan di Kelurahan Talaka Kab. Ma’rang

The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Indonesia in 2007 was 34 per 1000 live births, decreased in 2012 to 32 per 1000 live births. One of the causes of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is incomplete basic immunization. The role of parents, especially maternal knowledge, is one of the factors in achieving complete basic immunization coverage rates. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between the level of maternal knowledge about immunization and the completeness of immunization in babies aged 0-14 months in Talaka Village, Kab. Ma'rang, using analytical observation methods with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study were mothers who had babies aged 0-14 months and . The sample was selected using a simple purpose sampling technique with a sample size of 62 respondents, data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using the chi squere test. The results of the analysis show that there is a relationship between the mother's level of knowledge about immunization and the completeness of immunization in babies aged 0-14 months In Talaka Village, Kab. Ma'rang with p value = 0.002.

THE MAPPING AND ANALYSIS OF DIPHTHERIA CASES IN SURABAYA (2017-2018)

Diphtheria is an acute disease that attacks the airways and causes deaths. The risk factors for diphtheria are low Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT) immunization coverage and an unhealthy home environment. One effort to control diphtheria is by providing information in the form of the patient's location that makes it easier to determine the target group of people intervened. The city of Surabaya experienced an increase of 50 diphtheria cases from 2017 to 2018. This study aimed to map and analyze diphtheria cases based on DPT immunization and healthy homes from 2017 to 2018 in the city of Surabaya. This study was classified descriptive analytic and used an ecological design. This study used the Pearson's correlation coefficient statistical test to analyze secondary data from the Surabaya City’s Health Profile of 2017 to 2018. This study employed the Health Mapper 4.3.0.0 application and SPSS software version 23. The study variables were diphtheria cases, DPT immunization coverage, and the percentage of healthy homes in 2017 and 2018 in Surabaya. The results of the statistical test indicated that there was a moderate relationship between DPT basic immunization coupon with the number of diphtheria cases in 2018 (p = 0.007; OR = 0.471); while the percentage of healthy homes and the number of diphtheria cases in 2018 showed a strong correlation (p = 0.002; OR = 0.544). The city experienced an increase in the number of diphtheria cases from 2017 to 2018, as well as the rise in DPT immunization coverage and the percentage of healthy homes, which tended to be stagnant. DPT immunization coverage and the percentage of healthy homes based on the 2018 data were related to the number of diphtheria cases in Surabaya. Counseling for the people in the city should be conducted to ensure that their children get DPT immunization and maintain environment cleanliness for a healthy home.

A Case of Tuberculous Spondylitis in Child with Undernourish

Tuberculous spondylitis accounts for around 2% of all cases of Tuberculosis (TB) and around 15% of extrapulmonary TB cases. It has been reported that a 17 years old boy with a complaint of a bump on the lumbar region and felt low back pain since two years before admission with a history of back trauma. There was a decrease of body weight. There was no paraesthesia nor paralysis. Defecation and micturition were normal. Basic immunization was incomplete. On physical examination found palpable lymph nodes 0,5x0,5x0,5 cm, multiple et regio colli. There was no BCG scar. Impression nutritional status was undernourished. There was fixed palpable mass at back size about 5x4x5 cm, hard, no fluctuations, no rebound tenderness. Lung examination was normal. Tuberculin test showed induration sized 20 mm. Gene Xpert result Micobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) not detected. On chest X-ray examination found L1-2 corpus destruction. MRI Spine was suggestive of compressive fractures and suggestive of a bilateral psoas abscess. Decompression and lumbar stabilization surgery were performed. The histopathology examination results were consistent to spondylitis TB characteristics. The patient was discharged on 6th hospitalization and given anti-tuberculous drug.Keywords: bump, extrapulmonary, fracture, spondylitis, tuberculosis

Kendali Optimal Pada Model Penyebaran Penyakit Difteri dengan Tingkat Imunitas Alami Pada Individu Terpapar

Indonesia is one of the countries where has not been free from diphtheria outbreak. During 2017-2019, there were 2870 diphtheria cases with 96 deaths. With the mortality rate 5-20%, makes studies regarding diphtheria prevention and management strategies become important to do. In this study, a SEIQR mathematical model was constructed by considering the factor of natural immunity rate in exposed individuals. Then, by considering the complete basic immunization coverage and the proportion of the number of individuals with natural immunity rate as control variables, the optimal control problem is formulated to minimize the number of infected poopulation. Optimal control using DOTcvpSB toolbox obtained that the number of exposed population in the model decreased from 4.9% to 0.75%, and the number of infected population decreased from 3.1% to 0.32%.

Dampak COVID-19 Terhadap Pelayanan KIA di Kota Cilegon

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged maternal and child health services in all regions of Indonesia, including the city of Cilegon. Various efforts have been made by the Cilegon City Health Office to suppress the decline in MCH services. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of COVID-19 on MCH services in Cilegon City.Methods: This article used a qualitative descriptive method by collecting data through focus group discussions (FGD) in the second week of October 2020. The informants of this study collected by purposive sampling with the number of informants. 4 informants, including the Head of the Cilegon City Health Office, the Head of the Family Health Section (Kesga), and 2 Kesga staff.Results: The results showed that there were 7 indicators affected by COVID-19 in the city of Cilegon, including K1 coverage, K4 coverage, delivery assistance at health facilities, maternal mortality rate (MMR), neonatal visits, complete basic immunization services, and monitoring of toddler growth and development. The cause of the obstruction of MCH services was the existence of the PSBB policy and the concerns of the public and health workers of contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Conclusion: Several inovasions made by the Cilegon City Health Office include implementing health protocols in health services outside buildings, making appointments for antenatal and immunization services, conducting home visits, conducting classes for pregnant women and toddlers through live streaming, and providing isolation places for OTGs. It can be concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a challenges in MCH services. However, various efforts have also been made to increase the coverage of MCH services and improve maternal and child health in the city of Cilegon.

Parental Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior towards Basic Immunization

Immunization, which is usually done by giving vaccinations, is the process of forming immunity in individuals against infectious diseases. The target in the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Healht of the Republic of Indonesia in 2015-2019 aimed for 93 % of coverage. However, according to the report of the Indonesian Basic Health Survey (IBHR), there is actually a decrease in basic immunization coverage for the period of 2012–2015 when compared to the previous period. This study aimed to determine the correlation between parental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards complete course of basic immunization among parents of an elementary school in North Jakarta, Indonesia, in 2018 and 2019. This was a cross-sectional analytical descriptive study involving 110 respondents. Data were obtained through a questionnaire that was distributed to parents that included questions on knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards complete basic immunization. Out of 110 respondents, 70% stated that their child received the full basic immunization course while the remaining 30% stated that their child only received some of the vaccines required in the basic immunization course. There was no correlation, based on the bivariate analytical test, between parental behavior (p = 0.868), parental attitude (p = 0.647), and full course of basic immunization. In contrast, parental knowledge influences whether the child will receive the full course of basic immunization or not (p=0.000).

Factors that Associated with Stunting Cases in Children Under Two at The Working Area of Wonokusumo Health Center

Background: Stunting is one of the nutritional problems experienced by toddlers, nowadays. Based on data from Global Nutrition Reports in 2014, three million children under five in the world are malnourished every year, and globally, the bad impact of diseases caused by malnutrition reaches billions of dollars. This situation can be prevented by improving nutrition in the first thousand days of life which begins during mothers’ pregnancy until the children age two years. Currently, According to data from riskesdas, Stunting in Surabaya increases rapidly. In 2013, the number of children diagnosed with stunting was 21 % and got its peak by 29% in 2018. Purpose: The study aims to identify the risk factors of stunting in children, especially in their two-year age or under, in a working area of Wonokusumo Health Center. Method: This research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique that is used is a non-probability sampling technique with a consecutive sampling method, totaling 56 children. Primary data were obtained by measuring the height of the children using microtoise, and interviewing the mothers using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test through the Epi Info 7.0 application. Result: The obtained-result of the research was a significant relationship between the inactivity of attending an integrated service post (posyandu: Pos Pelayanan Terpadu) with the stunting (P = 0.03; PR = 0.21). There was also no significant relationship between the number of children, the level of maternal knowledge, the state of mother's employment, the states of exclusive breastfeeding, the complete state of basic immunizations, and the history of infectious diseases (P> 0.05) with stunting. Conclusion: the absence of attending an integrated service post (posyandu: Pos Pelayanan Terpadu) is a factor that has a significant relationship with stunting among children under two in the working area of The Wonokusumo Health Center.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI STUNTING PADA BALITA DI KOTA GORONTALO MENGGUNAKAN REGRESI BINOMIAL NEGATIF

This study aims to model stunting cases in children under five in Gorontalo city in 2018. In this model, it can be seen that the significant factors that affect stunting cases in children under five in Gorontalo city in 2018. This study uses data on stunting cases in 9 (nine) districts in the city of Gorontalo and the factors that influence it. The research data were obtained from the Public Health in Gorontalo city. This study used one response variable, namely the number of cases of stunting and four predictor variables, namely number of toddlers who received exclusive breastfeeding, the percentage of low birth weight (LBW), the percentage toddlers who received complete basic immunization, and number of proper sanitation. The results obtained were the variables of number of toddlers who received exclusive breastfeeding and the percentage toddlers who received complete basic immunization which had a significant effect on stunting cases in children under five in the city of Gorontalo in 2018. This was indicated by the P-value of the variable for number of toddlers who received exclusive breastfeeding of 0.00283 and P-value of variable the percentage toddlers who get complete basic immunization is 0.06564.

Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dasar Balita di Desa Mumbulsari

Immunization has proven to be one of the most important public health efforts. Immunization programs shown remarkable success funds are a very cost-effective effort in preventing infectious diseases. Immunization is influenced by several factors, including knowledge level, mother’s age, education level, occupation, number of children and family support. This aims to analyze the Relationship of Family Support with the completeness of Basic Immunization Balita in Village Mumbulsari of Sub-districts Mumbulsari - Jember. In 2015, East Java accounted for the largest diphtheria cases (63%) and has not met the target of SPM (Minimum Service Standards). According to the health profile of jember district 2014 Of 49 health centers, there are 4 other health centers that have not reached the target of UCI are Kalisat health center (92%), Pakusari (86%), Bangsalsari (86%) and Mumbulsari (75%). This research design use correctional with Cross Sectional approach.Population 90 mothers who have children under the age of two years.After slovin formula obtained 73 respondents as sample by using simple random sampling technique. The result showed Basic Immunization of complete 53 (73%) and Basic Immunization of incomplete 20(27%), good family support 58(79,5%), less family support 15 (20,5%). Data analysis test using Spearman Rank with p-value 0,000 <α 0,05 which means there is a Family Support Relationship with Basic Immunization Equipment Balita. It is recommended that the next community who have a child under two years give family good support to basic immunization for granting mothers complete.

Factors Related to Complete Basic Immunization of Infants during Covid-19 Pandemic at Gunung Kaler Public Health Center, Tangerang District in 2021

This research was conducted aiming to determine the factors associated with giving complete basic immunization to infants during Covid-19 pandemic at Gunung Kaler Public Health Center, Tangerang District in 2021. This research was a descriptive correlation study using purposive sampling method. The sampling further obtained 91 mothers who had babies at the age of 9-12 months old. The research instrument used was a questionnaire, while the statistical test used was chi-square. The results of this study indicated that there was a relationship between knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, sources of information, and health care support with providing complete basic immunization to infants during Covid-19 pandemic at Gunung Kaler Public Health Center, Tangerang District in 2021. It was found that 60.4% of children at the age of 9-12 months old did not receive complete basic immunization during Covid-19 pandemic at the Gunung Kaler Health Center, Tangerang District.

Pro-and Anti-vaccination among Mothers in Deciding Children’s Immunization: A Qualitative Study

BACKGROUND: Society participation in the mandatory basic immunization program has declined in the last 2 years in Indonesia. One of the causes is the widespread of anti-vaccine issue, which has recently been debated on social media. This study aimed to explore the perspectives, backgrounds, experiences, and aspects that underlie the mother’s confidence in anti-vaccine and pro-vaccine groups who join the Facebook social media forum. METHODS: A phenomenology qualitative design was undertaken. The data were collected from June to August 2020. We conducted in-depth structured interviews with 5 anti-vaccine participants and 5 pro-vaccine participants. We obtained saturation data with ten participants. The data managed by NVIVO 12 software and analyzed using the thematic analysis method. RESULTS: We obtained 4 themes, including social media values, perceptions of immunization, immunization barriers, and knowledge about immunization. Anti-vaccine parents were firm not to immunize their children even though they knew the purpose of immunization and were perceived that there were no barriers to taking immunization. Pro-vaccine parents were determined to take basic immunization despite experiencing various barriers. CONCLUSION: This study showed that social media, perceptions, knowledge, and barrier about immunization affect mothers in considering the decision to give immunization to their children. Nurses and other healthcare workers should be provided positive communication and mutual trust between parents and health services are required to develop parental vaccine confidence so that basic immunization coverage can increase.

RELATIONSHIP OF WORK STATUS WITH COMPLETENESS OF BASIC IMMUNIZATION IN INFANTS IN THE WORKING AREA OF THE PUSKESMAS BOTANIA

Background :In Indonesia experienced a very worrying Extraordinary Event (KLB), namely the incidence of Diphtheria. Diphtheria incidence in Indonesia has always fluctuated since the 1980s. In 2007 there were 183 cases of diphtheria which increased to 1,192 cases in 2012 and decreased incidence of diphtheria in 2013-2016 (Sariadji, 2017). And according to the Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI), the diphtheria outbreak in Indonesia is the highest in the world. Diphtheria outbreaks occurred in 28 provinces and 142 districts / cities. So there has never been the most in the world and the coverage is 28 Provinces, "said the Chairman of the Indonesian Pediatrician Association, Aman Bhakti Pulungan, during a press conference at the IDI office Jalan Sam Ratulangi, Central Jakarta (Nugraha, 2017). As of November 2017, there were 20. provinces that have reported diphtheria with 593 cases and 32 deaths. Director General of Disease Prevention and Control Ministry of Health, Mohamad Subuh said, 66 percent of the total prevalence did not immunize. Then, 31 percent did immunization, but not until the final stage. To be free from diphtheria, at least the individual must get three times the immunization. Meanwhile, the remaining 3 percent has received complete immunization (Putra, 2017). The purpose of this study is the relationship between work status and completeness of basic immunization in infants. Method : quantitative with cross sectional approach. Research location Pus public health Botania. The population in this study were all live births in the Botania Community Health Center working area, namely 2184 people. This sampling technique uses purposive sampling method, data analysis uses bivariate data analysis with statistical tests, namely the Chi Square test using the SPSS program. Result : shows that out of 96 respondents the majority have a working status of work as many as 54 people (56.2%), majority were incomplete as many as 56 people (58.3%). Chi-square analysis results obtained p-value 0.000, which means p-value <0.05 so that Ho is rejected

Analysis Of Basic Immunization Services With Mothers' Satisfaction In Puskesmas Care See Pokhisen

Immunization is a government program that aims to improve public health. The infant mortality rate in Indonesia is still very high. It is estimated that 1.7 million children or 5% of under-five deaths in Indonesia are due to diseases that can be prevented by immunization/PD3I. The quality of immunization services that are less than optimal will certainly waste the resources that have been spent, such as operational costs, vaccines, logistics, manpower, and time. Even the most concerning for all of us is the failure of immunization will threaten the occurrence of morbidity, disability, or death in children. This study aims to examine the relationship between basic immunization services and infant mother satisfaction at the Deleng Pokhisen Health Center in Southeast Aceh District in 2018.This type of research is a descriptive corelative study that explores how and why health phenomena occur with a cross sectional approach. The population is mothers who have babies aged 0-12 months. The sampling technique in this study was simple random sampling with a total of 64 people. The data analysis technique uses the chi square statistical test . The results obtained in this study are that there is a relationship between basic immunization services (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, four) with the satisfaction of the baby's mother. there is a relationship between basic immunization services and infant mother satisfaction at the Deleng Pokhisen Health Center in Southeast Aceh District. Suggestions for Deleng Pokhisen Care, Southeast Aceh District, to maintain and maintain the quality of basic immunization services so that they continue to bring their babies back for immunization.

PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN PROGRAM IMUNISASI LANJUTAN (BOOSTER) PADA ANAK BAWAH DUA TAHUN (BADUTA) DI PUSKESMAS PELABUHAN SAMBAS KOTA SIBOLGA TAHUN 2019

Immunization is a form of health service that aims to reduce morbidity and mortality in children under five caused by PD3I. Complete Basic Immunization (IDL) and Advanced Immunization (Booster) in children under two years (Baduta) at the Pelabuhan Sambas Publics Health Center have reached the target but PD3I cases remain to be found, in 2019 there was a Diphtheria Incident (KLB) and an increase in Measles cases ( 17 cases). This study is a qualitative research with descriptive analytic methods. Which aims to analyze the application of management of the advanced imunization program (booster) to the Pelabuhan Sambas Publics Health Center in Sibolga City which includes P1(Palnning), P2(Implementation), P3(Monitoring and evaluation). The research sample was taken by purposive sampling technique. Data obtained through in-depth interviews and observation. The informants consisted of the main informants namely the Head of the Public Health Center, the immunization coordinator, the vaccine cold chain manager and the immunization implementing officer. Head of Health Service, Head of Disease Prevention and Control Division (P2P), Head of Immunization Surveillance Section, mothers who have Baduta, and cadre of posyandu toddlers as triangulation informants. The results showed that the vaccine Cold Chain Manager and immunization implementers had not received immunization training. Refrigerators and facilities at posyandu toddlers are in poor and adequate condition. Recording and reporting are not on time, and there are gaps between the baduta who receive advanced immunization services and those reported. This also proves that supervision, monitoring and evaluation activities have not been implemented well

Determinants of Achievement of Basic Immunization in Puskesmas Cot Seumeureung, Aceh Barat

Basic Immunization Achievement data at Puskesmas Cot Seumeureung is 58.9% with 256 babies. Based on interviews with 2 mothers, the most common problem found in terms of immunization is that mothers are afraid to give immunizations because their babies will have a fever so that their husbands will be angry or in other words, their husbands will not allow them. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of basic immunization attainment in the working area of the Cot Seumeureung, Aceh Barat. This type of research is cross sectional, the research was conducted from 30 July to 10 August 2019. With a population of 256 mothers, the sample was taken using purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires, univariate and bivariate data analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence of attitudes on the achievement of basic immunization with p value = 0.005 (α = 0.05) and the influence of family support on the achievement of basic immunization with a value of p value = 0.014 (α = 0.05) and there is no effect on the affordability of immunization services towards the achievement of basic immunization with p value = 0.291 (α = 0.05). It is suggested to mothers and families who have babies to be able to increase knowledge about immunization so that the family increases support so that the basic immunization outcomes can be improved again.

Case Report: Managing Dengue Fever at Home

The patient is 6 years old male child, the patient went to the clinic with his parents, complaints of fever since three days ago. The fever goes up and down, reduce with administration of fever medication. The patient complained of nose bleeds 2 times, accompanied by headache. headache feels throbbing, felt constantly, and decreases with rest. The Complaints are not accompanied by coughs, sneeze, dyspnea, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, black stool and bloody urine. Patients still want to eat and drink. The patient has no history of traveling out of town in the past 2 weeks.The patient's mother has no history of high blood pressure and diabetes during pregnancy. The patient was born via vaginal delivery, the patient's body weight was 3250 grams. The patient was born in a healthy condition, received Hb0 immunization and vitamin K injection. The patient was treated with his mother after birth. Complete immunization history of patients according to age. Patients attend basic and mandatory immunization programs from the government.The patient is the only child of the marriage of the father and mother. The patient's father and mother are still alive, with a complete history of immunizations, now living together with his parents and grandparents. The patient's home is 8x15 meters, with tiled floors, walls made of walls, water sources are obtained from water drink company. Ventilation and home lighting is quite good. The house looks neat and not dirty. There was no visible tub of open water. The bathroom uses a shower.

Pelayanan Imunisasi pada Bayi Selama Pandemi Covid-19

The global Covid-19 pandemic has greatly affected health services. In Indonesia, the Covid-19 pandemic has greatly affected all health services, especially basic health services, including immunization services. There has been a decline in the coverage of basic and advanced routine immunizations in various regions in Indonesia. The burden of immunization-preventable diseases (PD3I) in Indonesia is still very high, so immunization services are very important, especially during a pandemic. Various recommendations for immunization services during the Covid-19 pandemic were issued to ensure immunization services remain a priority for infants and children less than 24 months old in order to prevent the extraordinary events of PD3I.

Dynamical analysis of diphtheria epidemic model with natural immunity rate on exposed individuals

Diphtheria disease remains endemic in some countries due to the lack of immunization coverage, such as Indonesia, where health care are something need to be pursued and optimized. In the last three years, there are still some areas in Indonesia that its complete basic immunization coverage are less than 50%. Apart from being caused by low immunization coverage, other factors as nutritional adequacy, environmental hygiene and virulence levels of the disease also influence the occurrence of diphtheria outbreaks. In this study, we propose a mathematical model that considers natural immunity rate of the exposed individuals in the spread of diphtheria. This study aims to understand the dynamics of the proposed model. The behavior of the system is known by analysing the stability of its equilibrium points. Numerical simulations using Maple are also carried out to illustrate the dynamics of the system. The stability analysis and numerical simulations show that the disease-free equilibrium point is stable if ?0 < 1, whereas the endemic equilibrium point is only feasible and stable if ?0 > 1. The results shown that complete basic immunization coverage and natural immunity rate of the population affect the basic reproduction number.