Ideological Basis Research Articles

The Essence of Pancasila as the Foundation and Ideology of the State: The Values of Pancasila

Background. Pancasila is the basic ideology of the Indonesian nation. Pancasila consists of two Sanskrit words: panca which means five and sila which means principle. Purpose. The purpose of this research is that Pancasila itself is a settlement and guidelines for the life of the nation and the state of selirih Indonesian citizens. Method. Data was obtained by giving teacher performance scales, teacher digital literacy, and online learning implementation scales. Results. Here are the five precepts that are in the body of Pancasila, namely: divinity that is the one, fair and civilized humanity, Indonesian unity, democracy led by wisdom and wisdom in representative deliberation, social justice for all Indonesian people. The application of Pancasila must be familiarized from an early age, either through the family or community environment in order to create a safe and peaceful and prosperous environment. In the third precept, it is clear about unity in Indonesia, but there are still many Indonesians who ignore this precept. Conclusion. Of course this case is very detrimental to those who become victims of racism, this action greatly affects a person's mentality for that we as Indonesians must emphasize the values of Pancasila to prevent such cases.

Theoretical and legal characteristics of the civil law principles

It has been noted that the purpose of the principles of law is to ensure a uniform formulation of legal norms and their impact on social relations in the form of legal regulation and other forms of legal influence. They identify ways to improve legal provisions and act as guiding ideas for legislators. When enshrined in legal acts, principles ensure the unity of the processes of creating, implementing and protecting law.
 It has been proved that the principles of civil law are best understood as the starting points, the basic ideas underlying the formation, functioning and further development of the relevant branch of law. They create and provide the ideological basis for the development and proper regulation of social relations which are the subject matter of the civil branch of law.
 It has been argued that the list of principles enshrined in the Civil Code of Ukraine is not exhaustive, but is supplemented by the following principles: good faith and good intentions; enforcement of obligations; protection of property rights; protection of the right to inviolability of the person; freedom of will; equality and equality of the parties to a civil contract (agreement); compliance with contractual obligations; economic freedom; and recognition of legal capacity.

Історична політика Російської православної церкви щодо України як складова неоімперської геополітики Росії

The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the main historical narratives of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC), to fi nd out the interpretations of Ukrainian history as the ideological basis of Russian geopolitics of the integration of the post-Soviet space and the incorporation of Ukraine, to show the use of the historical policy of the ROC as an argument for the legitimization of the war against Ukraine. Th e methodological foundation of the research is the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematicity, and comprehensiveness. The methods of analysis and synthesis as well as problem-chronological, historical-genetic, and historical- comparative methods have been used. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in the fact that, for the fi rst time, the article examines the problem of the Russian Orthodox Church’s use of historical policy to form an ideological basis for the implementation of the neo-imperial geopolitical doctrine of the absorption of Ukraine by Russia. Conclusions. Th e ideologues of the original “Russian civilization” and “Russian world” are used as the theoretical foundation of Russian foreign policy towards Ukraine and as a rationale for the current geopolitical confrontation with the Western world. Th e historical policy of the Russian Orthodox Church is based on the promotion of the interconnected concepts of “Holy Rus”, “historical Rus”, and “historical Russia”, which imply the large civilizational space of the “Russian world”, of which Ukraine is an integral part. Th e importance of Ukraine in the historiosophical constructions of the Russian Orthodox Church is determined by the fact that the origins of Russian Orthodox spirituality and statehood are connected with the territory of modern Ukraine. Therefore, together with the Kremlin, the Russian Orthodox Church implements the neo-imperial geopolitical project of “the Russkiy Mir (“the Russian World”), aimed at restoring the Russian superpower and integrating the post-So- viet space”. Its ideological foundation is the historical-religious concept of “Holy Russia”, which implies the absorption of Ukraine by Russia. The claims of the Russian Orthodox Church about the entry of Ukraine into “historical Rus” and, accordingly, into “historical Russia”, the statements about one people, one faith, and a common state, insisting on the canonicality of the Russian Orthodox Church over the terri- tory of Ukraine – all these are the basis of the justifi cation that denies the separate identity of Ukrainians, the legitimacy of the autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, the right to the existence of the Ukrainian state and gives reasons to assert that the common past determines the common future. These arguments have become the rationale for Russian geopolitical expan- sion and aggression against Ukraine.

Human dignity and the human personality: Developing an ideological basis for the constitutionalisation of the common law of personality

This article examines the multi-faceted nature of human dignity as a constitutional value, together with its interplay with other constitutional values, to provide an ideological basis for the constitutional development of the common law of personality with reference to Kantian moral philosophy (and other intellectual traditions). This article argues that the interplay between the multi-faceted nature of human dignity and other constitutional values such as equality, freedom and ubuntu create a constitutional objective normative value system that gives rise to certain ideals (read as interpretative norms) in respect of the human dignity and the attendant development of the common law of personality. These ideals are the universal, individualistic and collectivist ideals of the aforementioned objective normative value system (as cogent variations of Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative as applied to the law of personality). These ideals considers the possibility of the human personality as a legal interest to promote constitutional imperatives related to the human image in the common law (as a universal ideal), the delineation of the unique characteristics of the human image (as an individualistic constitutional imperative), and the shared humanity and attendant solidarity contained in the human image (as a collectivist constitutional imperative).

The Ideological Basis of Sports, Military-Sports Training and Patriotic Education of Russian Schoolchildren in the Reflection of the Conceptual Lines of Mentors’ Worldview

The article reveals personal ideological grounds for conducting educational activities in sports, military-sports training and patriotic education of Russian schoolchildren. The worldview positions of teachers-mentors are revealed, the pedagogical characteristics of the categories “military-sports training” and “patriotic education” are given, their content directions and the problems of recruiting teenagers and youth for classes in the Centers are determined; the goals and targets of the individual for military-sports training are highlighted, the tasks are specified; the Centers range of activities and the vision of the prospects for cooperation with educational, public organizations (Russian Army, Air Force and Navy Volunteer Society; sports societies), executive authorities, uniformed agencies, military units in the Russian Federation subjects are presented, taking into account probable difficulties in communicating with teenagers, boys, girls; the vectors of education, teaching, upbringing, development of those involved are determined with the characteristic of expected results of the mentor’s professional work, psychological and activity portrait of the shaped military-sports pedagogical and student team; features of transferring the experience by those involved in the Center for military sports training and patriotic education to their peers are characterized; requests for material and technical support are systematized taking into account the regional characteristics of the Centers’ organization, national and cultural issues, climatic and territorial conditions for the activities implementation.

Syed Ahmet Arvasi’s Alternative Model of Nationalism

This paper highlights Syed Ahmet Arvasi’s ideas on an alternative model of nationalism that integrates Islam and ethnic peculiarities without discriminating against any minority groups. It also explains the profound importance of Islam in Turkish society, and how Islamic identity is interwoven with Turkishness. This research finds that Turkey has taken very concrete steps towards Westernization and consequently lost aspects of its traditional Turkish and Islamic culture. Moreover, based on the ideas of Arvasi, the research finds that the ethnocentric European ideology of nationalism was alien to the Turkish people, who had been affiliated with a multi-ethnic Islamic identity and values for centuries. The ideology of modern Turkish nationalism demanded a secular approach, creating a nation based on secular and Western values, consequently causing social discord and tensions. This study accordingly suggests, based on the ideas of Arvasi, that there should be a more inclusive alternative model of national cohesion for the Turkish nation. Also, Arvasi suggested that the basic ideology of the Turkish nation was Islam, therefore the Turkish nation’s concept of nationalism must be inherently linked to Islam. In summary, for the Turkish nation to live in social harmony, Turkish nationalism should be based on the concepts of social race and Turkish-Islamic culture.

Wisdom of the Established Pattern

Wisdom of the Established Pattern

Implementasi Karakter Pancasila melalui Tradisi Sambatan pada Masyarakat di Kabupaten Blitar

Abstract: Indonesia is a country with Pancasila national character and has different traditions in each region. One is the splice or sambatan tradition that grows and develops in the community. This study aims to elaborate (1) the Paradigm of the Pancasila Character, (2) The Concept of the sambatan tradition in Society (3) The manifestation of the Pancasila character in the sambatan tradition. Researchers used a descriptive qualitative approach to collect data. Pancasila is the fundamental ideology used as the rationale for establishing and running the Indonesian state. As a Basic Ideology, Pancasila is used as a guideline for the character of life in culture, society, nation, and form. Indonesia has various traditions in different regions, one of which is in East Java. More precisely, in Blitar Regency, there is a tradition called sambatan with the definition of activities carried out in the community and solidarity among community members in working together to repair or build a house. Through various cultures in Indonesia, there is a tradition that contains values or rules for good moral behavior from the past to the present. This sambatan tradition focuses on social values that exist in society. This splice tradition is driven by a principle of reciprocity which means that those who have helped will receive help back from those who have been satisfied. Through this principle, services are exchanged in the context of helping to support. The Pancasila character embodied in Pancasila values is manifested through the “sambatan” tradition in the people of Blitar Regency

"Profoundly Cosmopolitan of Heart and Spirit"?

Germany was a member of the League of Nations from 1926 to 1933. During that time, there were Germans employed at the Secretariat, and its Information Section, which had the greatest German presence, opened a small office to represent the League in Berlin. The League was founded on liberal internationalist ideals and its Covenant included a revolutionary article that opened all positions up to men and women equally. A biographical study of three German individuals associated with the Section and office reveals that ideological commitment to the League was not a given among all German employees, and gives insight into the interplay of gender, class and national – or international – identity. It also shows how the realities of who was employed in the Secretariat, and why, often hinged – despite the League’s ideological basis and the Covenant’s promise – on pragmatic and political considerations.

Тьюторство ГТО в образовании: системообразующие факторы

The problem of research and justification of its relevance. Introduction. The TRP in the USSR has not only become a historical chronicle in the upbringing and inculcation of physical qualities, but the ideological basis of the spiritual and moral development of society. There is a stage of continuity of the TRP of the USSR and the TRP of Russia in an updated conceptual framework. The mechanism of implementation of TRP in Russia is being improved in accordance with the digitalization of society, the creation of online services, taking into account the development of the region, mass physical culture and sports. The introduction of a new administrative unit of a tutor-teacher of the TRP of Russia in 2014 marked new approaches to the implementation of the complex and the creation of a tutoring system. The TRP tutoring system differs from tutoring in education as a whole, therefore, it requires the allocation of system-forming factors that will help identify problems and will contribute to the development of strategic and tactical tasks for the implementation of the TRP complex, health promotion, spiritual and moral forces in social development.
 The social function of a student as a tutor in TRP is presented. Students of the Kuban State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism not only personally take the TRP, but also promote it through various competitions, festivals, participation in the evaluation of TRP standards in secondary schools, regional testing centers. Regional peculiarities of the tutoring system development are shown on the example of Sochi. The authors note that in 2014, with the return of the TRP, a new administrative unit tutor appears on a legal basis, which made it possible to start building a tutoring system in the TRP complex, taking into account system-forming factors. The problem of the prospects for the development of the TRP is raised, taking into account its socio-orienting function in society.

A State Under Siege: Iran’s Survival Through Alter-Globalization and the Third Way

Alter-globalization comprises a set of civil society organizations that refute the methods and consequences of liberal globalization or globalized capitalism. At the same time, these organizations hope to achieve a different form of globalization or global economy than the existing ones. This article intends to shed light on Iran’s foreign and economic policies, which were established on the basis of the non-aligned state ideology. This ideology forced Iran to find a third way that was neither capitalist like the West nor socialist like the East, which allowed Iran’s domestic economic powers not only to concentrate on the main power but also to interfere less in foreign policy affairs. Based on Shia Islamic sources and interpretations, Iran’s unique ideology had to find a way to adopt globalized approaches vis-a-vis internal and regional turmoil. This article concludes that Iran created its own path based on this Islamic interpretation and involved domestic forces committed to the revolution’s ideological path, which, nevertheless, found detours that would let it take part in the globalized economy and, in the end, categorize Iran as an alter-globalized state.

Launcelot's Swoon: Mourning and Memorial in Malory and the Stanzaic Morte Arthur

Abstract: Launcelot's embodied expression of grief at Gwenyvere's funeral is condemned by the Bishop in Malory's Morte , but the ideological basis for this condemnation is obscure. Linguistic, cultural, and doctrinal analysis provide useful interpretive context, but a close comparison to the Stanzaic Morte Arthur reveals more concrete evidence of Malory's amplification of the earlier poem and characteristic affinity for the secular.

The Ideological Background to Architectural Restoration in Turkey (1920s–1960s)

Abstract Based on primary sources such as field notes, reports, and project memorandums, this article addresses architectural restoration work in Turkey from the 1920s to the 1960s. Despite the country’s limited budget and workforce, especially in the early years of the republic, the government crafted an intense preservation program of historic monuments, whereby preservation professionals implemented the scientific protection of architectural heritage mainly through maintenance and repairs. This article argues that the historiography of Turkish art became an agent in restoration, while the concept of the essence of national architecture served as the ideological basis for physical interventions. Seeking to restore the pure forms of Turkish architecture, preservationists searched for the pedigree of built works, and Sinan’s style was treated as the zenith of Turkish architecture. Works by him, along with other examples associated with the “Classical Period of Architecture” were subjected to heavy-handed interventions aimed at achieving stylistic purity.

El Derecho constitucional, el nuevo indio y el Estado: nueva agenda para la investigación

El descubrimiento del indígena fue el mayor hallazgo de las Ciencias Sociales peruanas del siglo xx. Para el campo jurídico, sin embargo, este descubrimiento es reciente y, se podría decir casi ausente. La Antropología jurídica y de los modelos políticos pueden y deben revertir la ausencia del hecho y del sujeto indígena en las ciencias del Estado, del poder, del Derecho Constitucional. Por ello, es necesario diseñar una nueva agenda de investigación que junte aportes de estas disciplinas. Se debe explicar –desde un punto de vista interdisciplinario jurídico, sociológico, antropológico cultural, y tomando en cuenta los aportes de la ciencia política– las causas y consecuencias del Derecho Constitucional.En este artículo se bosqueja dicha agenda para dar respuesta a la pregunta metodológica general de ¿cómo ha sido y es el Derecho Constitucional respecto a la diferencia cultural de los ciudadanos? y, de manera específica intenta responder a interrogantes como: ¿cuáles han sido las bases culturales e ideológicas que han fundamentado su elaboración y desarrollo? ¿a favor de qué grupo cultural se ha construido el Derecho Político? Asimismo, se plantean las respuestas, a manera de hipótesis, para describir el discurso del Derecho Constitucional peruano respecto a la multiculturalidad de su sociedad.

Theoretical and legal approaches regarding the administrative activities of the public authority in safeguarding rights of persons with disabilities

The purpose of the scientific research was to examine the essence and content of the modern human-centered concept in the theoretical-applied interpretation of management activities of state authorities, in connection with the implementation and protection of fundamental rights and freedoms of persons with systemic disorders of body function. The following research methods were used in the scientific work: systematization, generalization; analysis and synthesis of the developed ideas. Definitely, it is substantiated that significant reform changes in the system of state authorities of Ukraine and changes in the direction of their activities somehow mean the creation of conditions for the construction of a democratic, social and legal state, as well as the guarantee of subjective rights, in particular of persons with disabilities. The conclusions argue the priority of the formation of administrative and legal doctrine, built on the basis of a humanistic ideology that permeates the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in the daily life of society as a whole.

The Proof and Development of the Right to Be Forgotten in Civil Code

Contemporary Chinese rights of personality law are in a period of perfection. The Personal Rights section of the Civil Code provides the ideological basis of law for other legislation on the rights of personality in China, and the newly released Personal Information Protection Law provides relevant provisions for the privacy issues involved in personal information. The legislation related to personality rights in China should respond to the needs of people’s personality rights in the Internet era and introduce laws to some rights that have emerged with the development of the Internet. In other words, based on confirming the general personality rights and personal information protection, we should protect the emerging rights such as “the right to be forgotten”. In this regard, based on the existing judicial and legislative practices, it is necessary to argue that the right to be forgotten is an independent form of right and to explore the legislative way forward for the right to be forgotten, to contribute to the effective protection of personality rights and personal information.

How the Ideas of Nationalism and Neo-Fascism are Taking Hold of the Masses

The paper presents an analysis of the genesis of German Fascism and Nazism. The ways and factors (socio-economic, the role of education, the position of the Church) that contributed to the wild spread of the extremist ideology of Nazism and racism among the masses of the German people are examined. Having formed a hatred of Russians, Soviet “subhumans” and fanatical devotion, the German people provided the ideological basis for the genocide of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. The continuity of the ideas of extreme Russophobia and genocide against Russians between the Third Reich and the criminal Kiev regime, between the German Nazism and the Ukrainian Nazism of the XXI century has been revealed. The article shows the similarities in the methods of zombifying people with the ideas of Nazism in Germany in the first half of the 20th century and in Ukraine in the late 20th — early decades of the 21st century. It is noted that the national (state) historical discourse plays a very important role in protecting the consciousness of the people from the impact of destructive ideologies.

Experimental Study on Automatic Cleaning Roads using Water and Air

The cleaning and maintenance of the pavement is the need of the town and urban communities now a day. Assuming individuals stand with the ongoing maintenance process, it will just extend and develop the crisis. Any numerous unsafe substances which influence human as well as climate and makes road frightful. It gives bad impact on the lower part of vehicles, for example, vehicles motors, and plastic wastage can be the reasons for major and minor accidents. The durability of the pavement is extensively relied upon the temperature variation. The change in temperature creates undesirable stresses in the pavement, which leads to the development of cracks. Eliminating and controlling of this kind of issues is the challenging task. The basic ideology of this paper is to achieve a smart road by cleaning the pavements by using water and air pressure and prevention of distresses in concrete pavements due to temperature variation. This paper also highlights the solution for potholes in concrete pavements. Keywords: Nozzles, Pavement distress, Potholes, Road stud, Sensors for operation, Smart Road.

Arguing controversies through civic discourse

This article draws on Toulmin’s model of argumentation to propose a way of engaging with controversial topics in ways that require not only the assertion of a point of view, but attentive listening to contrasting beliefs. Given the paucity of models of respectful listening in public discourse, school becomes a place where teachers can provide opportunities for contentious discussions to be conducted through civic discourse. The article begins with an outline of Toulmin’s model, with an emphasis on warranting examples so that they serve as evidence for a claim, and engages with opposing viewpoints for a reasoned rebuttal and synthesis. The article then suggests that the topic of school dress codes would be a fruitful topic of student inquiry and argumentation, given the ideological basis of a dress code and the many differences of opinion surrounding them. Such instruction is illustrated through a method that relies on inductive reasoning and discussion as the basis for generating ideas in argumentative writing. The article concludes with a view of writing pedagogy that promotes responsible argumentation in light of critical responses that lead to a synthesis and extension of learning.

RELIGIOUS POLICY OF JAPAN IN THE XV-XVII CENTURIES IN THE CONTEXT OF CENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY AND THE EMERGENCE OF REALISTIC AUTHORITARIANISM

This publication attempts to study the religious policy of Japan from the time of the unification of the country through the efforts of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi to the consolidation of the Tokugawa shogunate in close connection with the ongoing political processes - the centralization of authority and the formation of the Tokugawa military oligarchy based on realistic authoritarianism. The significance of the ideological postulates of the religions common in pre-Edo and Edo Japan is established in the context of overcoming feudal fragmentation and the consistent construction of the Tokugawa shogunate. The main directions of the state religious policy of the period under review are singled out and the nature and political reasons for the positive or negative attitude towards common religions on the part of the ruling class are revealed. The understanding of realistic authoritarianism as a set of methods for retaining Tokugawa power by harsh, manipulative, but excluding direct violence methods is being consolidated. The thesis is substantiated that the Confucian doctrine became the ideological basis for the centralization of authority and the emergence of realistic authoritarianism of the first Tokugawa shoguns, the implementation of which made it possible to establish the regime of the Tokugawa military oligarchy through the policy of “soft power”, blocking the emergence of centrifugal and separatist tendencies among influential daimyo. It is proved that the state during the period under review pursued a conservative religious policy which was expressed in the patronage of traditional beliefs (Shintoism, Buddhism and Zen Buddhism) and the prohibition of Christianity, which was perceived, on the one hand, as a belief alien to the Japanese and, on the other hand, as a worldview that encroaches on the foundations of Japanese statehood. In the context of the study of religious policy towards Christians, it is concluded that the Confucian idea of achieving state order by unifying social life and consistently getting rid of political and axiological factors that could bring disorganization into normal and habitual functioning of social matter played a significant role in the prohibition of Christianity and Catholic missionary work.