Basic Guarantee Research Articles

Construction and Optimization of Ecological Network in Kuqa, China

The ability to achieve coordinated progress towards ecological protection has become an important ecological network, is the basic guarantee, and an important way to achieve regional and urban ecological security. This study takes Kuqa City as the research area, using the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) method and the landscape connectivity index to extract the ecological source area. After establishing the comprehensive resistance surface, the Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model is used to identify the ecological corridor, and the source area and the corridor are combined to construct the ecological network of the study area. The analysis results show that the area of cropland continued to rise in 2020, and the area of woodland and grassland decreased; the overall analysis of the ecological security pattern yielded good results, and the main influencing factors were terrain and altitude. We extracted eight ecological source areas, and the distribution structure of the source sites formed two large source site communities in the north and south, with a clear break in the middle. After establishing a comprehensive resistance surface, 28 general corridors were identified using the MCR model. Corridors are more scarce in the western part of the study area, so seven important corridors have been identified according to the gravity model, and four new sources have been added to expand the ecological network coverage area, which can solve the fault phenomenon between the southwest and middle east. Constructing a reasonable ecological network can significantly improve the landscape connectivity of the entire study area, which is conducive to promoting the construction of ecological civilization in Kuqa City, and is of great significance to sustainable development and the protection of the ecological environment.

A Study on the Translation of Culture loaded Words in The Secret Garden from the Perspective of Cultural Translation Theory

Under the guidance of Susan·Bassnett's "cultural functional equivalence" theory, the cultural elements in Li Wenjun's translation of The Secret Garden were classified and some culturally loaded words were analyzed from the perspectives of ecology, language, material, society and religion. The results show that the translator's high cultural awareness and rich translation techniques can ensure that the literary works' translation achieves the maximum degree of cultural functional equivalence, while also being a basic guarantee for smooth communication between different cultures.

Training Path of Computer Application Ability and Computational Thinking of Normal University Students under the Background of Teacher Professional Certification

Since the implementation of teacher professional certification, it has effectively promoted the construction of hardware and software of normal major in colleges and universities, especially the construction of modern smart classroom, interactive microclassroom, online teaching case base, multimedia computer room, VR virtual laboratory, etc., which provides the basic guarantee for the improvement of information technology ability of normal students. The cultivation of computer application ability and computational thinking is the essential core quality of “four good teachers” in the information age. Through the interpretation of “certification standards”, the paper analyzes the current situation of normal university students’ computer application ability, and probes into how to cultivate normal university students’ computer application ability and computational thinking under the background of normal professional certification.

Research on obstacle recognition method of transmission line in alpine region based on depth camera

Abstract Ice and snow on transmission lines in alpine areas lead to increased tower load and short circuits of transmission lines. Tower collapses and power outages caused by ice have a serious impact on factory production and people’s lives. With the development of robot technology, deicing robots have become an important research direction to solve the icing problem of transmission lines. The deicing robot mainly completes actions such as walking, obstacle crossing, and deicing on the transmission line. In the process of robot walking, accurate identification of obstacles on the transmission line is the basic condition for the deicing robot to complete the deicing work, which provides a basic guarantee for the deicing robot to cross the obstacles. Therefore, in this paper, a visual recognition method based on a depth camera is proposed by combining the obstacle characteristics on the 220 KV high-voltage transmission line.

ДО ПИТАННЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ СУЧАСНОЇ ВІЙСЬКОВО-ПОВІТРЯНОЇ БАЗИ НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ УКРАЇНИ

Today, there are no military air bases in Ukraine, which is a crisis of the state leadership's policy from 1992 to 2013, because the development of aviation is the basic guarantee of the country's defence capability: superiority in the air during war is decisive for the further course of hostilities, as it allows to control objects of civil and critical infrastructure, which are the basis of the functioning of the state and its army. The article differentiates between the concepts of "military airfield" and "military air base" and offers its interpretation of the term "military air base" based on the functional content and specifics of such an object, which involves the combination of a military airfield complex, transport infrastructure with a developed public block - a pilot training centre, catering, sports and cultural leisure zone, personnel living area, medical support, - and implementation of active and passive protection and masking systems. Based on the analysis of the existing state of military airfields in Ukraine, and domestic normative documents regarding their design, the necessity of designing a military air base on the territory of Ukraine was substantiated and the main factors affecting the location, functional, architectural, planning and security solution of such a complex were investigated, the specifics were analyzed its functioning depending on the social and political conditions in the state. Therefore, the need to design a ground-based military air base in Ukraine is substantiated by the possibility of implementing such an object in remote territories from the demarcation line with the enemy and the implementation of effective measures to mask the construction process itself, the underground location of buildings and structures of the complex or their integration into the existing terrain. The large area and variety of landscapes of Ukraine provide the possibility of a wide choice of territory for the location of the air base, taking into account all the necessary factors, which is the safest option for Ukraine in the modern context of war. The results of the research can be the basis for further scientific research and practical implementation during the construction of such objects to solve tasks of defensive nature and strengthen the military capacity of Ukraine.

Efficient Fault Detection and Analysis of Power System Distribution Networks by Integrating BP Data Mining

As the basic guarantee for people’s production and life, the safe operation of the power system has an important impact on the development and operation of society. To ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid, predicting potential faults and taking reasonable preventive measures can effectively avoid the occurrence of power accidents. However, due to the difficulty in ensuring the prediction accuracy of traditional methods, there are issues of protection misoperation and rejection. Therefore, in order to achieve accurate prediction of power grid faults and avoid protection misoperation and rejection issues, a distribution network fault classification prediction model using a combination of three-layer data mining model (TLDM) and adaptive moment estimation (Adam) algorithm/random gradient descent algorithm improved backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is proposed. The implementation results showed that the classification accuracy of artificial fish school [Formula: see text] priori, [Formula: see text]-means clustering convolutional neural network model and TLDM for single-phase grounding faults was 93.2%, 91.5% and 96.6%, respectively. The classification accuracy for two-phase faults was 92.8%, 92.4% and 95.7%, respectively. The classification accuracy for two-phase grounding faults was 93.7%, 91.2% and 96.9%, respectively. The classification accuracy for three-phase faults was 93.3%, 92.1% and 97.1%, respectively. The TLDM had the highest classification accuracy. The average accuracy, average accuracy and average recall of the BPNN improved by the combination of the ADAM algorithm and random gradient descent algorithm were 94.1%, 90.9% and 88%, respectively, which were higher than the BPNN improved by the combination of ADAM algorithm and random gradient descent algorithm. The above results indicate that the proposed distribution network fault classification and prediction model has good performance and can achieve accurate prediction of distribution network faults.

An interactive data-driven multiple-attribute decision-making technique via interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets for teaching quality evaluation in higher education

Improving the quality of higher education teaching is a systematic project. The improvement and formulation of relevant laws, regulations, and measures at the macro level are the minimum and specific requirements for the overall private universities, and are the basic guarantee for controlling the healthy and orderly development of universities. At the micro level, school management needs to focus on two aspects: leadership level construction and teacher level construction. Only by scientifically controlling the above issues and comprehensively considering them can the persistent problem of low teaching quality be fundamentally and gradually solved. In short, the construction of the quality assurance and evaluation system for higher education teaching in China is still in the initial stage of development. Therefore, universities should start from the guarantee and evaluation system to promote the construction of teaching process monitoring and evaluation systems, and improve the level of education and teaching quality on the basis of highlighting higher education teaching reform and research. The teaching quality evaluation of higher education in the era of artificial intelligence is a MADM. In this study, in light with interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy Hamacher interactive hybrid weighted geometric (IVIFHIHWG) technique and induced OWG (I-OWG) technique, the induced IVIFHIHWG (I-IVIFHIHWG) technique is administrated. Then, the I-IVIFHIHWG technique is exploited to manage the MADM under IVIFSs. Finally, the numerical example for teaching quality evaluation of higher education in the era of artificial intelligence is exploited to verify the I-IVIFHIHWG technique. Thus, the main research contributions are administrated: (1) the I-IVIFHIHWG technique is administrated in line with the IVIFHIHWG and I-OWG technique; (2) the I-IVIFHIHWG technique is exploited to manage the MADM under IVIFSs; (3) the numerical example for teaching quality evaluation of higher education in the era of artificial intelligence and some comparative studies were exploited to verify the I-IVIFHIHWG technique.

A semi-empirical model for online real-time control of NOX generation in diesel engines

Diesel NOX emission control is the main control content of diesel engines. Real-time high-precision NOX emission prediction model is the basic guarantee for (1) Diesel combustion management, (2) SCR after-treatment control, (3) OBD system. Existing models that rely exclusively on physical processes or data-driven artificial intelligence models fail to meet real-time requirements, while MAP look-up table-based models are poorly adapted and require extensive experiments for calibration. In this study, a new semi-empirical model for NOX emission prediction was developed, and the variables of the model were identified as exhaust temperature, engine speed, injected fuel mass flow rate, air intake mass flow rate, and exhaust oxygen mass flow rate, taking into account the mechanism of NOX generation in diesel engines as well as the requirement of real-time and direct measurability of the variables for on-line control. The influence of each variable on NOX was analyzed, the model structure of the NOX prediction model was determined, and the parameters of the prediction model were identified by least squares. The model is applied to real operating vehicles for validation and compared with a previous semiempirical model taken from the literature, and the results show that the overall accuracy of the proposed model is improved. Finally, the effect of variable uncertainty on the proposed model was assessed and it was found that the relative uncertainty in predicting NOX emissions ranged between 0 and 8% for sensor accuracies of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for exhaust temperature and intake air mass flow, respectively, suggesting that the sensor accuracy has a significant effect on the uncertainty of the model.

Study of spatial spillover effects and threshold characteristics of the influence of urbanization on grain green production efficiency in China under carbon constraints.

Food security is a basic guarantee for maintaining social stability, and improving green and healthy grain production is the way to promote food security. China is currently experiencing rapid urbanization that has an impact on grain production and security, with reduced arable land, environmental pollution, insufficient agricultural population, and inadequate resource allocation. How to deal with the relationship between urbanization and grain production becomes the key to solve this problem. Therefore, this study constructs an evaluation system of grain green production efficiency (GGPE) with non-expected output containing carbon emissions, and uses the super-efficient SBM model to measure the level of GGPE, and constructs a spatial econometric model to examine the spatial correlation and spillover effect of urbanization on GGPE; then constructs a panel threshold model to analyze the nonlinear threshold characteristics between urbanization and GGPE. It was found that (1) from 2000 to 2019, China's GGPE showed an overall upward trend, and the performance of GGPE varied among different provinces. (2) According to the results of the spatial econometric model, China's GGPE shows obvious spatial characteristics, and the level of urbanization not only directly affects regional GGPE but also can indirectly affect neighboring regions' GGPE through spatial spillover effects, and the indirect effects among regions are larger than the direct effects. (3) Spatial threshold effect results, there is a significant non-linear threshold characteristic of the impact of urbanization rate on GGPE. In terms of the influence effects of other variables, the influence of each variable on GGPE is roughly in the same direction as the influence under the spatial spillover effect, but the degree of influence is slightly different.

A comparative study of strategic petroleum reserve policies of major countries in the world

Petroleum security is the guarantee of national security that plays an important role in national energy security, while petroleum strategic reserve is the most basic guarantee of national petroleum security. At present, the number of selected countries in the study of petroleum strategic reserves is insufficient, as there are too much vertical comparison and the horizontal comparison analysis is not enough. Based on this, on the basis of comparing the strategic petroleum reserves of major countries in the world in terms of storage methods, address selection, policy formulation, management system and utilization mechanism, this paper conducts longitudinal comparison and horizontal comparative analysis and research, trying to find out their common policy characteristics and advantages from different strategic petroleum reserve policies, modes and practices of various countries, and carries out eliminating the rough and learning from the strong. The experience gained can be used for reference by other countries.

Determination of ammonia nitrogen by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and DFT studies

Ammonia nitrogen is one of the most important indicators for evaluating the quality of water bodies. It is very difficult to determine ammonia nitrogen directly by Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in practice. In order to realize SERS determination of ammonia nitrogen, in this paper, SERS combined with density functional theory (DFT) was used to investigate why ammonia nitrogen needs to be derivatized to hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and why HMTA can be determined using SERS. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) results exhibit that there was no adsorption site on the surface of ammonia nitrogen, whereas its derivate HMTA had four available adsorption sites. This provides a basic guarantee for the SERS detection of HMTA. The molecular adsorption state of HMTA on the gold nanoparticles surface was concluded from the binding energies, the bond length, and the Raman activity spectra. Among them, the HMTA-Au4 complex has the lowest bond energy (−586.873 Kcal/mol) and the shortest bond length (2.161 Å), which is the most stable state and its Raman activity spectrum is the closest to the experimental data. Calculations results of frontier molecular orbital (FMO) demonstrate that the energy gap of HMTA and HMTA-Au4 complex are 0.30258 eV and 0.10947 eV, respectively, with a really obvious difference between them, which indicates that the HMAT-Au4 complex possessed higher chemical reactivity. In addition, charge transfer phenomenon on the MEP of HMTA-Au4 complex was deduced due to the change in the symmetry of its charge distribution, which can be explained the mechanism of chemical enhancement in the detection of HMTA by SERS. The selective enhancement at 1048 cm−1 peaks in theoretical spectrum and at 1044 peaks cm−1 in experimental spectrum provided theoretical and practical basis for indirect determination of ammonia nitrogen by SERS. The obtained results will help to better understand the reasons why some components are difficult to be directly determined by SERS, and why these components need to be derivatized. It provides a new method for components that are difficult to detect by SERS.

Exploring the Optimization Path of Incentive Policies for Family Doctors in Fuzhou City

To fully leverage the role of family doctors as health gatekeepers and effectively improve their work enthusiasm and satisfaction, China vigorously promotes incentive policies for family doctors. However, there are many problems in the institutional design and local implementation of incentive policies for family doctors in China, resulting in low job satisfaction among family doctors in many regions currently. Based on this, this article takes Fuzhou, China as an example to point out that the incentive system for family doctors still faces problems such as low sense of professional achievement, limited promotion space, and unreasonable salary distribution. Based on this, this paper puts forward the following suggestions. The relevant part should focus on optimizing the performance model and providing a basic guarantee for family doctors. At the same time, attention should be paid to strengthening training to enhance their competitiveness. Finally, improve the promotion system to provide a platform for the development of family doctors. Taking Fuzhou City as an example, this study provides local experience for the development of a family doctor incentive system in China.

Research on the Design Method of Rural Lodging Based on the Integration of Architecture and Environment

The concept of modern tourism intelligent application in China is to fully meet the information needs of tourists and customer experience, and the development of intelligent tourism relying on Internet of Things (IoT) is its most basic guarantee condition. With the rise of ethnic village tourism and the change of new consumer lifestyle, B&B shows an explosive development. Tourism consumers are also shifting from hotels to home stays in the process of tourism. Therefore, based on IOT application as the starting point, this paper firstly, gives a more detailed description of the development process and marketing status of home stays, and discusses its various problems. Then, based on the TP theory of ethnic villages, Porter's five forces analysis model and the SWOT analysis method of ethnic villages, the marketing environment of homestays is studied in depth to discover their advantages.The HTOE model develops a marketing mix strategy for B&Bs that meets the actual situation of ethnic village development

Marketing Strategy of Rural Home Stay Industry Based on Intelligent IOT

The concept of modern tourism intelligent application in China is to fully meet the information needs of tourists and customer experience, and the development of intelligent tourism relying on Internet of Things (IoT) is its most basic guarantee condition. With the rise of ethnic village tourism and the change of new consumer lifestyle, B&B shows an explosive development. Tourism consumers are also shifting from hotels to home stays in the process of tourism. Therefore, based on IOT application as the starting point, this paper firstly, gives a more detailed description of the development process and marketing status of home stays, and discusses its various problems. Then, based on the TP theory of ethnic villages, Porter's five forces analysis model and the SWOT analysis method of ethnic villages, the marketing environment of homestays is studied in depth to discover their advantages.The HTOE model develops a marketing mix strategy for B&Bs that meets the actual situation of ethnic village development.

Quality adjustment and analysis of human resource prices in China: Based on a hedonic price model.

The competition in the world has shifted from natural resources and capital resources to human resources. The human resources have become the real power source of the economic growth. Firstly, the price of human resources in China is calculated. Secondly, in order to measure the human resources quality adjustment index, the indicators system is constructed. Third, the Hedonic method is used to calculate the human resources "pure price" of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) in China. The "pure price" has no the factor of human resources quality. Lastly, comparing the price of human resources before and after quality adjustment. The results show that: first, the number of human resources in China increased continuously during 1995-2015 and decreased during 2016-2020. Second, the price of nominal human resources in China keeps rising. In 2020, the nominal price is 39,087 yuan per person which is 15.44 times as many as in 1995. Thirdly, after the quality adjustment, the price of human resources has decreased significantly. The multiple between the actual and nominal price of human resources is between 1.75 and 2.12. Fourthly, the province with high human resource quality adjustment index generally have high quality human resource level or quantity. Fifth, the top five provinces of actual human resource prices are Shanghai, Beijing, Guangdong, Tianjin, Zhejiang, the bottom five provinces are Guizhou, Yunnan, Henan, Xizang, Gansu. Finally, the paper puts forward some policy recommendations: Improving the data collection mechanism of human resources accounting to provide a basic guarantee for the accurate accounting of human resources. Improving the price of human resources in the central and western regions to attract the talents to transfer to the central and western regions. Enhancing the skills training of human resources to improve the quality of human resources in the western region.

Construction and Influencing Factors of Voluntary Compensation Subjects for Herders—From the Perspective of Sustainable Utilization of Grassland Resources

The grassland ecological compensation mechanism is a basic guarantee for promoting the sustainable utilization of grassland resources, and the reasonable determination of the compensation subject is the basic premise for the effective operation of the grassland ecological compensation mechanism. At present, grassland ecological compensation is mainly based on government compensation, and the compensation method generally adopted is financial transfer payment with a single source of compensation funds. Therefore, establishing diversified compensation entities is of great significance in expanding the sources of compensation funds. As important users of grassland resources, herders should become the main representatives of grassland ecological compensation according to the principle of “whoever uses, pays”. In this study, based on survey data with respect to pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia, we used a multivariate ordered logistic regression model to empirically analyze the factors influencing the establishment of a voluntary compensation entity for herders. The results of this study showed that (1) the resource endowment factors of the respondents, including livestock inventory, grazing area, and cutting grassland area, have a significant positive impact on the willingness of herdsmen to voluntarily serve as the main representatives of grassland ecological compensation. When each influencing factor increased by one unit, the probability of voluntarily becoming a compensation subject increased by 3.5%, 1.91%, and 1.41%, respectively. (2) The factor of prohibited pasture area in the endowment of herders had a significant negative effect on their willingness to become compensation subjects, which indicates that the larger the prohibited pasture area owned by herders, the lower their grassland utilization rate and the lower their willingness to voluntarily become compensation subjects. (3) Among the cognitive factors of the respondents, “whether they will continue to support the implementation of the grassland compensation policy” had a positive promoting effect on herdsmen voluntarily becoming compensation subjects, showing that the higher the support of herdsmen for the ecological compensation system, the more willing they were to become compensation subjects. This article is based on the perspective of the sustainable utilization of grassland resources and empirically analyzes the influencing factors of herders’ willingness to reduce their number of livestock. Through the voluntary reduction of livestock by herders, a voluntary compensation entity for herders is constructed. Based on the research conclusions, relevant countermeasures and suggestions are proposed, providing a reference for improving grassland ecological compensation policies and promoting the sustainable utilization of grassland resources.

Study on Wind Speed Distribution Law of Mine Roadway Section under Different Conditions

Ventilation is the cornerstone of coal mine safety production, and accurate monitoring of ventilation parameters is the basic guarantee for ventilation technology decision-making. Aiming at the problem that the accuracy of wind speed monitoring in coal mine roadway is difficult to meet the needs of decision-making, this paper studies the position relationship between the average wind speed line and the roadway wall surface by combining theoretical calculation and numerical simulation, and simulates the wind speed distribution law of typical roadway section. The main factors affecting the distribution of wind speed in roadway section include roadway section shape, section size, support form, wind speed, facilities and equipment status, etc. The expression of the position relationship between the average wind speed line of the rectangular and semi-circular arch roadway section and the roadway wall surface is y=elna-1.5. Through 25 groups of model simulation, the wind speed distribution law of different types of roadway sections under different conditions is obtained: the wind speed contour is basically parallel to the roadway wall. The wind speed gradient near the roadway wall is large, and the wind speed gradient in the middle of the roadway is small. The thickness of the boundary layer decreases with the increase of wind speed.

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Control Factors of Shallow Groundwater in Anqing Section of the Yangtze River Basin

Shallow groundwater is the main source of water for living and industrial and agricultural production in Anqing City, which is an important basic guarantee to maintain the sustainable development of the social economy and regional ecological environment. In order to further study the water chemical characteristics and controlling factors of shallow groundwater in Anqing City, 196 groups of shallow groundwater samples were collected. A Piper diagram graph, Gibbs chart, ion ratio, and mathematical statistics were comprehensively used to study the water chemical characteristics and controlling factors of groundwater in Anqing City, and the contribution of different sources to the water chemical components of groundwater was quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that the shallow groundwater in Anqing City was weakly alkaline, with pH values ranging from 5.84 to 8.38, with an average value of 7.21. The TDS ranged from 47 to 1 620 mg·L-1, with an average of 324.21 mg·L-1. HCO3- and Ca2+ were the main anions, and the water chemical type was HCO3-Ca type. The chemical components of groundwater were affected by rock weathering leaching, cation alternating adsorption, mineral dissolution and precipitation, and human activities. Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3- were mainly derived from the weathering dissolution of carbonate and silicate; Na+, Cl-, and SO42- were affected by industrial activities and domestic sewage discharge; and K+ and NO3- were affected by agricultural activities. The APCS-MLR receptor model analysis further revealed that the chemical components of groundwater were mainly geological factors, industrial factors, agricultural factors, and unknown sources, and their contribution rates were 45.35%, 14.19%, 25.38%, and 15.08%, respectively. Geological factors were important sources of hydrochemical components of shallow groundwater, and human activities aggravated the evolution of groundwater hydrochemistry.

Yaw Stability Control of Unmanned Emergency Supplies Transportation Vehicle Considering Two-Layer Model Predictive Control

The transportation of emergency supplies is characterized by real-time, urgent, and non-contact, which constitute the basic guarantee for emergency rescue and disposal. To improve the yaw stability of the four-wheel-drive unmanned emergency supplies transportation vehicle (ESTV) during operation, a two-layer model predictive controller (MPC) method based on a Kalman filter is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the dynamics model of the ESTV is established. Secondly, the improved Sage–Husa adaptive extended Kalman filter (SHAEKF) is used to decrease the impact of noise on the ESTV system. Thirdly, a two-layer MPC is designed for the yaw stability control of the ESTV. The upper-layer controller solves the yaw moment and the front wheel steering angle of the ESTV. The lower-layer controller optimizes the torque distribution of the four tires of the ESTV to ensure the self-stabilization of the ESTV operation. Finally, analysis and verification are carried out. The simulation results have verified that the improved SHAEKF can decrease the state estimation error by more than 78% and achieve the noise reduction of the ESTV state. Under extreme conditions of high velocity and low adhesion, the average relative error is within 6.77%. The proposed control method can effectively prevent the instability of the ESTV and maintain good yaw stability.

Research on the Construction of Double-Certificated Teachers in Vocational Education

The construction of double-certifcated teachers is an important support and basic guarantee for the development of vocational colleges and universities.An analysis of 20 policy texts on the construction of double-certifcated teachers in vocational colleges and univer-sities published between 2010 and 2021 and related literature shows that there are similar problems in the construction of double-certifcated teachers in vocational colleges and universities both at the policy level and at the practical level. For example, there is a lack of a complete system for the training of double-certifcated teachers ; a single standard evaluation index, which is not very operational; and a lack of a corresponding evaluation and supervision system for the implementation of the policy, etc. Based on these problems, frst of all, we should es-tablish a joint research mechanism between schools and enterprises to build a standard system for recognizing double- certifcated teachers . Secondly, the cultivation mechanism should be improved to enhance the effectiveness of the cultivation of double-certifcated teachers ; and fnally, a perfect and effective supervision mechanism should be established.