Basic Form Research Articles

The Growth of Organized Violence Structures and the Types of Control Over Them

Macro-historical changes in the practices and structures of organized violence have their own regularities that require theoretical analysis. It is shown that the steady growth and development of these structures are determined by the main trends of social evolution such as demographic growth, the expansion and complication of polities, and the development of technologies and weapons. The internal mechanisms of both the cyclicality and the direction and irreversibility of these changes are considered. The practices of organized violence have changed considerably, and many of those unacceptable today were once common, socially approved, and even obligatory. Hypothetical principles have been formulated for the emergence, spread, and termination of such practices, which are always connected with the nature and outcome of political struggle, as well as with the change of worldviews consisting of primarily moral, social and political values and corresponding normative principles. The inevitable costs of the growth of violence structures are associated primarily with the possibility of their leaders gaining political subjectivity and claims to power, which is fraught with conspiracies, revolts, and similar phenomena that undermine social and political stability. These costs generate concerns of the rulers and elites to control the violence structures. Three basic forms of such control have been described as “ideal types”, those of patrimonial-charismatic control based on emotional commitment to the ruler, conflict-repressive control with divide-and-conquer strategies, and bureaucratic control involving subordination to formal rules. The last type includes two versions, with a reliance on the principle of power and on the principle of law. The social and mental foundations that support the rule of law in institutions and organizations of state violence are examined.

Формирование инструментария стратегического планирования для управления развитием российских агломераций

The development of the methodological apparatus of strategic planning of meso-economic systems has been a burning issue of the scientific community for the past two decades. However, currently, domestic practice pays insufficient attention to the regulation of agglomeration processes using strategic planning mechanisms. In particular, there is no unified methodological approach to the development of strategic plans for urban agglomerations at the federal, regional and municipal levels of public administration. It should be noted that some Russian regions are actively implementing the institution of strategic planning for urban agglomerations. However, these practices are adapted approaches from corporate management, which cannot be fully used due to the difference between the goals of corporate and public management. Strategic planning of agglomerations is a basic form of spatial planning, which aims to determine the purpose of territories based on a set of socio-economic, environmental, cultural-historical, political-management and other factors. The implementation of this process is aimed at sustainable development of territories, increasing the infrastructure provision of spatial development, ensuring that the interests of citizens and their associations are taken into account. The aim of the article is to work out the model of strategic planning for managing the development of urban agglomerations. The problems and prospects of strategic planning and management in Russian agglomerations are revealed, the regional practices of regulating agglomeration processes are considered. The analysis of existing strategic planning in Russian agglomerations has been carried out. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the definition of new approaches to the formation of strategic planning of urban agglomerations at the regional level. The use of strategic management tools at each stage of strategic planning of agglomeration processes has been substantiated. The author’s model of strategic planning of urban agglomerations is developed. The practical significance of the article lies in the possibility of using the developed model of strategic planning for the formation of development strategies and program-target documents of urban agglomerations. The following methods are used for the study: comparative analysis, content analysis, graphical method and system approach, methods of observation and modeling, etc.

A finite element based parametric study to assess the suitability of factors used in EJMA for estimation of the meridional stresses in bellows

Bellows are highly engineered components. In general, the design of bellows is carried out as per the standards of the expansion joints manufacturer’s association (EJMA). In EJMA, the basic form of the expressions for estimation of stresses was derived by considering the half convolution of the bellows as a strip beam. Since axisymmetric shell theory leads to a more realistic response of the bellows, EJMA had introduced factors Cp, Cd and Cf for estimation of the meridional stress in the bellows due to pressure and deflection. These factors in EJMA are plotted as a function of two parameters viz. QW and QDT, which are dependent on bellows geometry and ply thickness. This paper discusses the suitability of the above-mentioned factors considering various configurations of the bellows. A finite element based parametric study was carried out and meridional stresses in the bellows were calculated due to pressure and deflection loading for various values of the QW and QDT. Around 36 bellows geometries with different ranges of QW and QDT were analysed numerically. Based on FE analysis, the EJMA factors Cp, Cd and Cf values were estimated and compared with the corresponding values given in EJMA. It was observed that for both shallow (QW approaching 1) and deeper convolutions (QW approaching 0.2), the EJMA solutions lead to an under prediction of membrane stress due to deflection loading and over-prediction of meridional bending stress due to deflection and pressure loading. The effect of geometric nonlinearities on elastically calculated stresses bellows was quantified for various geometries.

Joinery Design for Joint Type I, L, T, X, and XYZ in Aluminum Pipe

Aluminum pipe is one of the most widely used materials for indoor and outdoor furniture because of its durable characteristics and low price. In general, furniture with aluminum pipe material is not detachable because the connection method is permanent, namely by the welding process. This design aims to design a multi-case joinery that can be used for connection types I, L, T, X, and XYZ, which can be unplugged and used for various types of furniture. The design method used is qualitative by conducting literature studies and observations on existing products as well as an exploratory method to find the basic form of the joinery and the aluminum pipe lock system to the joinery. This research aims to create a connection system for connection types I, L, T, X, and XYZ that can be unplugged and to provide a new alternative for connecting two or more aluminum pipe components. Based on the research results, the basic form of the joint system that can be used for joint types I, L, T, X, and XYZ is detachable and has a flexible shape for ¾ inch aluminum pipe material.

A Review of Fusion Methods for Omics and Imaging Data.

The development of omics data and biomedical images has greatly advanced the progress of precision medicine in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The fusion of omics and imaging data, i.e., omics-imaging fusion, offers a new strategy for understanding complex diseases. However, due to a variety of issues such as the limited number of samples, high dimensionality of features, and heterogeneity of different data types, efficiently learning complementary or associated discriminative fusion information from omics and imaging data remains a challenge. Recently, numerous machine learning methods have been proposed to alleviate these problems. In this review, from the perspective of fusion levels and fusion methods, we first provide an overview of preprocessing and feature extraction methods for omics and imaging data, and comprehensively analyze and summarize the basic forms and variations of commonly used and newly emerging fusion methods, along with their advantages, disadvantages and the applicable scope. We then describe public datasets and compare experimental results of various fusion methods on the ADNI and TCGA datasets. Finally, we discuss future prospects and highlight remaining challenges in the field.

A Study on Critical Thinking in Integrated English Course from the Perspective of Sociocultural Theory

Speaking and writing seem to be two basic forms of the English foreign learners’ thinking output. And they are two important approaches that help EFL to improve their critical thinking in English learning. In China, speaking and writing training have long been separated in teaching of English major. In other words, Chinese teachers tend to focus on English writing rather than speaking. Thus, it produces a number of “dumb” English learners. Based on Sociocultural Theory proposed by Lev Vygotsky, this study tries to provide “scaffold” for improving students’ critical thinking and helping them to form their own opinions by adopting oral tasks during class, cooperation and inspiration approaches. After the oral tasks practiced in class, writing will be assigned to them for consolidating the thoughts they expressed in the oral tasks. Combined with speaking and writing training, students will be close to their Zone of Proximal Development.

Трансцендентальная дедукция категорий как философское доказательство

My aim is to reconstruct the basic steps and the fundamental idea of Kant’s transcendental deduction of categories as well as Hegel’s interpretation and reframing of Kant’s idea. Hegel’s reading is crucial for two reasons: first, for fixing the basic form of the Kant­ian argument and secondly, for understanding its metaphilosophical relevance. For Hegel, philosophical proof has a specific nature, which distinguishes it from scientific proof and brings it closer to a juridical one. In this perspective the transcendental deduction, which is universally considered one of the most difficult chapters in the history of philosophy, reveals itself as the genuine clarification of specifically philosophical proof. I first present the idea of Kant’s transcendental deduction in the Critique of Pure Reason as well as its Hegelian reading in the Science of Logic and reformulation as the very method of philosophy in the Philo­sophy of Right. I show what in the Kantian argumentation constituted the basis for Hegel’s own interpretation and transformation. In so doing, I highlight a ‘red thread’ between the two ideas of the transcendental deduction. I conclude by proposing a formal account of Kant’s and Hegel’s ideas and by summing up the main metaphilosophical insights we can gain from Kant’s idea and its Hegelian interpretation.

Экология Карла Маркса: обобщение социального метаболизма

Abstract. The purpose of this article is to attempt a conceptual reconstruction of Marx’s theory of social metabolism. The author shows that every living being exists due to the exchange of substances between itself and nature (the universal metabolism of nature). A specific human generic form of such metabolism is praxis that is, conscious transformative activity (social metabolism), the basic form of which is labor as an exchange between man/society and nature, mediated by production, technique and technology. Criticizing narrowly ecological, economic and purely industrial interpretations of the concept of social metabolism, reduced by modern ecological Marxists (P. Burkett, B. Clark, I. Mészáros, J. Moore, C. Royle, K. Saito, J. B. Foster) mostly to various aspects of the material-energy exchange between man (society) and nature, the author proves that K. Marx this form of social metabolism is fundamental for the existence of human society, but not the only one. The author, relying on the entire corpus of texts by K. Marx, and using the methods of textual analysis, reconstruction and extrapolation, shows that in the process of unfolding labor metabolism, specific socio-anthropogenic “worlds” are formed, namely the world of nature, drawn into the sphere of human activity; the world of joint activity as the world of public relations and interpersonal communication; the world of material and spiritual culture; the inner world of the individual. In each of these “worlds” people carry out certain specific modifications of the generic praxis — material production, social activities for the reproduction of culture, social and interpersonal communication, and existential relations to the world. Each of these forms of praxis represents specific varieties of social metabolism within which such types of exchange are carried out as the exchange between man and nature (labor, material production), the exchange of activities between social groups in objective social relations, the exchange of emotions, likes / dislikes, knowledge, traditions, etc. in interpersonal communication and socialization processes. From this analysis, it is concluded that social metabolism totally permeates all levels and structures of social and individual existence, linking them into an organic integrity — the social universe. Because of this, in the concept of Marx there is a totalization of the social universe. This radically distinguishes the ecology of K. Marx from all other forms of ecology, since it is not a doctrine of the interaction of society with nature (ecology) and not calls for environmental protection (environmental studies), but a general socio-praxeological doctrine of the world (internally connected social metabolism) in which man and society exist. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that some of the reconstructed ecological ideas of K. Marx allow us to see that socio-metabolic processes occur not only between man and nature, but cover and permeate all structures and levels of the social universe. Therefore, modern environmental problems can only be solved in a comprehensive, systematic, total way: starting with environmental protection, rational use of natural resources and saving production and ending with sustainable social relations and what academician Dmitry Likhachev called the ecology of culture.

PREVENÇÃO DE LESÕES FÍSICAS EM PRATICANTES DE ESPORTES AO AR LIVRE

ABSTRACT Introduction: Outdoor sports are a recreational sports, and mountaineering and hiking are the basic forms of this sport. Occasionally there are injuries in the practice of this activity that can damage the health of its practitioners, in addition to bringing adverse effects to the daily work environment. Objective: Provide relevant protection measures to prevent physical injuries caused to outdoor sports practitioners. Methods: Volunteer exercisers participated in a questionnaire survey that collected the location of sports injuries and the causes of these injuries. On this information, statistics were processed considering the location of the injuries and their causes. Protective measures were based on the updated scientific literature. Results: The most injured body parts in outdoor sports are ankle joints, knee joints, and skin tissue contusions. The main reason for these injuries is the lack of awareness of protection by the athletes. Conclusion: Attention to preparation activities before outdoor sports and organization in the exercise load are the main factors for preventing physical injuries in outdoor sports practitioners. In this way, injuries can be avoided in outdoor sports. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Formy akčného umenia v tvorbe mladých dospelých

The paper deals with the issue of action art in a group of young adults. Action art provides a suitable space for self-realization for our respondents. Within the framework of qualitatively oriented research we used the method of observation and analysis of the process of creation. The preliminary results of the research, which we present in the text, showed two basic forms of action art creation by young adults. Both forms are appropriate processual ways of self-realisation for the aforementioned group of actors; they are different in terms of processes but also suggest common premises.

WEB TABANLI ELEKTROKARDİYOGRAFİ SİMÜLASYONU KULLANIMININ PARAMEDİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN RİTİM TANILAMA BECERİLERİNE ETKİSİ

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of the use of web-based electrocardiography (ECG) simulation on paramedic students' rhythm diagnostic skills.
 Method: The study was conducted as a single-group pretest-posttest design study between 02.05.2021-01.09.2021. The study group of the research consisted of students studying in the last year in the paramedical department of a university in Turkey. The data of the study were collected person-to-person using the information form and the Basic ECG Rhythm Diagnosis Form. Participants were provided online ECG training for 3 hours per week over the course of 8 weeks. One month after the training, the participants were pre-tested. After the pretest, the participants used a web-based ECG simulator for 4 weeks. Posttest was applied to the participants at the end of four weeks.
 Results: It was found that the rate of correct diagnosis of all rhythms in the Diagnosis of Basic ECG Rhythms Form of the students increased after the use of a web-based simulator. It was determined that there was a significant statistical difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the students (t:-7.476, p

The Relationship Between Modern Art and Children's Painting in The Context of The New Visual Perception Theory

Art has been the only shelter for artists against the alienation that came with Modernism, which covers a hundred-year period between 1860-1960. In modern art, instead of classical art rules, it is seen that the surface, form and color are given importance in painting with the desire to reach the new, and basic forms gain value in line with the desire to reach the essence. However, children's pictures have broken these rules as an innate feature. However, children's pictures have broken these rules as an innate feature. Recognizing that children paint objects as they perceive, not as a representational reality, and that they follow a very original way while doing this, caused children's paintings to be a source for modern art. Along with modern art, Manet deferred form by chasing light in the open air, and did not refrain from deforming Cezanne forms with the help of geometric forms. The forms used in modern art, where the depth is reduced to two dimensions on the surface, are no longer imitating nature. For painters who chose the path of conveying their spiritual experiences and pure emotional intensities by moving away from the reality of the world seen in modern art, children's paintings included a unique and rich visual language that took them to a metaphysical universe. The aim of this research is to emphasize the effect of children's painting on modern art by revealing similarities between children's paintings and the works of artists such as Gris, Kandinsky, Klee, Cezanne and Chirico, who are among the important names of Modern Art.

Biocomposite films based on chitosan and cerium oxide nanoparticles with promising regenerative potential

Polymeric nanocomposite materials have great potential in the development of tissue-engineered scaffolds because they affect the structure and properties of polymeric materials and regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. In this work, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) were incorporated into a chitosan (CS) film to improve the proliferation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The citrate-stabilized CeONPs with a negative ζ-potential (−25.0 mV) were precoated with CS to obtain positively charged particles (+20.3 mV) and to prevent their aggregation in the composite solution. The composite CS–CeONP films were prepared in the salt and basic forms using a dry-cast process. The films obtained in both forms were characterized by a uniform distribution of CeONPs. The incorporation of CeONPs into the salt form of CS increased the stiffness of the CS–CeONP film, while the subsequent conversion of the film to the basic form resulted in a decrease in both the Young's modulus and the yield stress. The redox activity (Ce4+ ⇌ Ce3+) of cerium oxide in the CS–CeONP film was confirmed by thermal oxidative degradation. In vitro culture of MSCs showed that the CS–CeONP film has good biocompatibility, and in vivo experiments demonstrated its substantial regenerative potential.

Sayam as a Sanction Model Against Children in Conflict with the Law in Aceh

The Acehnese people use the sayam sanction approach to conflict resolution. Sayam is an Acehnese cultural framework influenced by Islamic values, which are still being implemented and were strengthened by Aceh Qanun Number 9 in 2008. This descriptive study of sayam as a model of sanctions for children in conflict with the law aimed to describe the characteristics of an individual involved, situation, symptom, or group in society. The juridical review is used because various factors influence applicable legal rules. According to the study's findings, the resolution of cases involving children in conflict with the law in Aceh is still carried out using sayam sanctions with three methods. In the first model, the resolution of cases involving children in conflict with the law is handled by the head of the family whose child is in conflict with the law with the family whose child is the victim. The most basic form of dispute resolution is recognized as a hereditary tradition still used by the community. In the second model, the victim child's parents report the perpetrator's evil actions against their children to the keuchiek (the head of the village). In this dispute resolution model, the active role of the keuchikas customary stakeholders and village leaders is more prominent. The third model in the sanction application against children in conflict with the law involves the Police. The Police actively supervise conflict resolution until a decision is reached at the gampong (village) level. However, in this resolution model, the Police are not actively involved in making decisions.

TET: Text emotion transfer

Text style transfer aims at transforming the style of a piece of text while keeping its primary content. The style of the text is usually defined as a particular writing tone in different categories, such as formality, politeness, sentiment, and political slant. Recently, most of the work in the area has been devoted to the problem of sentiment transfer, which tries to transfer an opinionated text into a positive or negative perspective. It has applications in marketing, political news, chatbots, writing tools, and many others. On the other hand, emotions as the basic forms of sentiments have brought many attentions to different tasks, including image style transfer but they are not well expressed in text style transfer yet. This article presents a text emotion transfer model that transforms the style of a text to each of the predefined ‘anger’, ‘fear’, ‘joy’, and ‘sadness’ emotions. Relying on masked language modeling and transfer learning, the proposed model can perform efficiently on limited amounts of emotion-annotated data. Moreover, the model shows promising experimental results against other existing models considering style transfer accuracy, content preservation, and fluency in the ISEAR and TEC emotion corpora.

Genesis of Legal Regulation Web and the Model of the Electronic Jurisdiction of the Metaverse

The study examines the transformation of scientific views and approaches to the problem of expediency and necessity of legal regulation of public relations, emerging from the evolution of the world system of public electronic resources in the transmission of information and Internet data from Web 1.0, Web 2.0 to Web 3.0. The stages of formation of the role and place of electronic jurisdiction in public relations are also investigated. Legal regulation of modern relations in virtual and augmented reality environments with the use of Web 3.0 technologies is not available today. At the same time, there are precedents for the application of certain provisions of analogue law to address legal uncertainties in the virtual environment, such as establishing ownership of virtual non-property assets, buying/selling of virtual non-property assets, liability for misappropriation of virtual non-property assets, etc. Obviously, the problem of legal regulation by the rules of analogue law in the virtual environment cannot be fully addressed. The solution to this problem is possible by creating a comprehensive e-jurisdiction and developing the Metaverse Grand Charter of Laws to regulate public relations in the meta-universe and to establish new branch of e-law. Given the urgency of the problem, the model of e-jurisdiction Grand Charter of Laws Metaverse is proposed. The model of complex electronic jurisdiction of Metaverse will allow to create basic conceptual apparatus, doctrinal and normative and legal concepts, to define objects and subjects of legal relations in Metaverse, to establish the basic forms of legal relations and mutual relations in Metaverse. This, in turn, will be the basis for reforming analogue legislation, partial interoperability in the digital environment and the development of new regulations in various areas of law and will stimulate the establishment of new e-jurisdiction. The study proposes the construction and basic elements of electronic jurisdiction, mechanisms for the separation of electronic offences and interaction with analogue jurisdictions. E-jurisdiction of the Metaverse Grand Charter of Laws will provide legal regulation of public relations both directly in Metaverse and in public relations related to the analogue and electronic world.

PRACTICAL TRAINING FEATURES OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN GEODESY IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION

The article reveals the practical training features of future specialists in geodesy in modern conditions of university education and updates the issue of future specialists’ training which combines the principles of both a knowledge-oriented and a practice-oriented paradigm. Its combination makes it possible to preserve the fundamentality of higher education in reliance on the accumulation of experience and practical activities and form a professionally mobile specialist. The specifics of the practical component within the professional training of the students majoring in Geodesy and Land Management at the first (bachelor’s) level of higher education in the conditions of university education are characterized, which shows that future specialist training is organized in various forms of productive and creative search activity.
 It has been found that the content of the practical component of professional training ensures the professional mobility formation, as well as the mastery of significant professional competences, aimed at students’ performance of a set of the following tasks: acquisition of skills and primary practical skills of working with analog geodetic devices, strengthening of the practical and professional orientation of educational process, consolidation of integrated geodetic knowledge, performance of a set of field geodetic works, methods and rules of using maps in solving scientific and practical professional problems (educational practice during the 1st year); comprehensive mastery of geodetic methods for solving various applied tasks, study of geodetic support for the implementation of works in land management and construction, acquisition of practically oriented knowledge of the structure, principles of work, alignment, skills of working with modern geodetic devices, mastering the technique of geodetic measurements and constructions, new geodetic techniques in production conditions (educational practice in geodesy); gaining experience in professional activities, gaining experience in conducting topographical and geodetic works and practical skills in performing design and research works; collection, study and evaluation of economic, statistical, planning and cartographic and other materials; establishment of borders on the territory; geodetic surveying and correction of land use and land ownership plans, implementation of land management and land cadastral works (production practice); competence coordination with an order for a specialist, the formation of integrated knowledge acquired in the process of studying the disciplines of a professional direction, the acquisition of skills for performing independent research, the development of professional competencies related to the solution of applied problems in the fields of land management, geodesy, geoinformatics, preparation for the performance of qualification work (pre-diploma practice).
 It has been proven that future geologists, thanks to the transition from one basic form of activity to another, receive more developed practical skills in the application of educational and scientific information, implementation of means of quasi-professional and educational-professional activities, and acquire real professional experience, receiving opportunities for natural and effective entry into the profession.

Significant cultural patterns and their references in the poetry of Safi al-Din al-Hilli

The emergence of cultural criticism at the end of the last century brought about a qualitative leap in the field of critical practice as a whole, as we see a distinct shift from criticism of literature to criticism of culture, which has become a focused discourse in this field. Cultural criticism often embraces culture and never separates from it. Just as it takes from every science a party that combines contextual and systematic approaches, even theories of reading and reception, criticism of reader response and deconstruction, as it was based on psychology, sociology and history and relied on everything that would happen in addition to literature as a cultural phenomenon. It is striking that cultural criticism is based on a central idea that stems from and returns to, which is the criticism of fairness, especially the cultural defects that are implicit in every discourse or that are hidden behind the linguistic textual fabric. what they are.
 Al-Hilli’s poetry conceals cultural patterns in which reality is critiqued from a behavioral, economic, political and religious point of view, providing the reader with an integrated picture of his society. We have relied on the categories of cultural criticism as a floating critical activity that refuses to fall under any approach, and uses procedural tools of various sources, which belong to different sciences such as anthropology, psychology, and history.
 In order to answer the research questions and its problems, the research plan was as follows:
 Introduction: I tried through it to provide an overview and familiarity with the subject and its basic forms.
 The first requirement: the most important tributaries of cultural criticism and its background knowledge:
 1: The concept of cultural pattern
 2: systemic function
 3: the cultural sentence
 4: the cultural sentence
 5: The total metaphor
 * The second requirement: an overview of the social and poetic papers of the poet Safi al-Din al-Hilli (677-752 AH / 1277-1339 AD).

The Essence of Business Plan and Its Drawing Up Methods

Business Plan is the basic form for planning an entrepreneurial activity and the management - responsible function of the planning. Any entrepreneurial activity begins with creation of Business Plan. Business Plan is a document with synthetical content where prognosis with pragmatic (beneficial) nature are given, but in all cases, it plays the advertisement function as well. The included information there should be precise, convincing, and it should provoke optimism of a reader and enthusiasm towards the opportunity offered. It`s obvious that the plan consists of some risky elements as well, but it is not necessary to focus on them. Furthermore, the tone of plan should be business in order to be seriously perceived by reader. We should foresee that Business Plan will be read by many persons and their attention will be attracted by positive and bright opinions. However, they will turn their back the plan, where the material will be obscurely expressed with the boring tone, with fully unrealized, incorrectly structured text full of orthographical and editorial errors. Besides, the Business Plan is the manual document for fulfilment of business functions. It may be used to check for some entrepreneurial ideas intended. Keywords: business, plan, firm, money, funds, entrepreneur.

Development of visual attention control in early childhood: Associations with temperament and home environment.

Endogenous visual attention orienting is early available from infancy. It shows a steady development during the preschool period towards monitoring and managing executive attention to optimize the interplay between environmental contingencies and internal goals. The current study aims at understanding this transition from basic forms of endogenous control of visual orienting towards the engagement of executive attention, as well as their association with individual differences in temperament and home environment. A total of 150 children between 2 and 4 years of age were evaluated in a Visual Sequence Learning task, measuring visual anticipations in easy (context-free) and complex (context-dependent) stimuli transitions. Results showed age to be a predictor of a reduction in exogenous attention, as well as increased abilities to attempt to anticipate and to correctly anticipate in complex transitions. Home chaos predicted more complex correct anticipations, suggesting that the exposure to more unpredictable environments could benefit learning in context-dependent settings. Finally, temperamental surgency was found to be positively related to sustained attention in the task. Results are informative of age differences in visual attention control during toddlerhood and early childhood, and their association with temperament and home environment.