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Abstract
Bellows are highly engineered components. In general, the design of bellows is carried out as per the standards of the expansion joints manufacturer’s association (EJMA). In EJMA, the basic form of the expressions for estimation of stresses was derived by considering the half convolution of the bellows as a strip beam. Since axisymmetric shell theory leads to a more realistic response of the bellows, EJMA had introduced factors Cp, Cd and Cf for estimation of the meridional stress in the bellows due to pressure and deflection. These factors in EJMA are plotted as a function of two parameters viz. QW and QDT, which are dependent on bellows geometry and ply thickness. This paper discusses the suitability of the above-mentioned factors considering various configurations of the bellows. A finite element based parametric study was carried out and meridional stresses in the bellows were calculated due to pressure and deflection loading for various values of the QW and QDT. Around 36 bellows geometries with different ranges of QW and QDT were analysed numerically. Based on FE analysis, the EJMA factors Cp, Cd and Cf values were estimated and compared with the corresponding values given in EJMA. It was observed that for both shallow (QW approaching 1) and deeper convolutions (QW approaching 0.2), the EJMA solutions lead to an under prediction of membrane stress due to deflection loading and over-prediction of meridional bending stress due to deflection and pressure loading. The effect of geometric nonlinearities on elastically calculated stresses bellows was quantified for various geometries.
Published Version
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