Basic Form Research Articles

Experimental study on the fine-scale characteristics of a geogrid-gravelly soil reinforcement influence zone

Based on a specially designed visualization pullout system and digital photographic measurement technology, geogrid pullout tests were conducted by varying the top load, geogrid type, coarse grain content, and particle shape. The evolution and distribution of the reinforcement influence zone and the soil particle displacement field were analyzed, and the effects of various factors on the formation speed of the reinforcement influence zone, gradient layer thickness, and fine-scale particle displacement characteristics were discussed. The study shows that the reinforcement influence zone’s basic form and particle displacement direction do not change with pullout displacement after it is fully developed. The displacement layers in the influence zone are centered at the reinforced soil interface and are distributed in a diffusion gradient. The thickness of each gradient layer in the upper influence zone is greater than that in the lower influence zone. The greater the normal load is, the smaller the particle displacement and thickness of each gradient layer, and the slower the formation of the reinforcement influence zone. Using high-strength geogrids and geogrids with nodes can increase the upper interface thickness and improve the reinforcement influence zone’s formation speed. Horizontal ribs play a major role in forming the reinforcement influence zone, while longitudinal ribs mainly affect the formation speed. The indirect reinforcement effect of the geogrid on angular gravel soil is better than that on pebble soil. As the coarse grain content in the fill increases from 20% to 30%, the reinforcement influence zone forms faster, and the particle displacement of each gradient layer is smaller. When the coarse grain content increases from 30% to 35%, there is no significant change in the forming rate of the reinforcement influence zone.

The Compounding Processs of Bahasa Banjar (An Initiation towards Learning Bahasa Banjar as Local Content)

This study aims to describe the compounding process in Bahasa Banjar in its basic forms based on word classes. The research design is in the form of qualitative descriptive. The data used is in the form of primary data, namely native speakers and secondary data, namely documents related to the compounding of bahasa Banjar such as research results, books, and dictionaries. Data was collected from interview. The data analysis procedure was carried out through three flows of activities that occurred simultaneously, following the concept put forward by (Miles et al., 2014): data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions/verification. In this study triangulation of data sources and peer checking (Flick, 2009) was applied to check the validity of the data. Based on the word classes which form compounds in Bahasa Banjar, it can be concluded ten forms. Those are 1) Noun+Noun, 2) Noun+Verb, 3) Noun+Adjective, 4) Noun+Numeral, 5) Noun+Pronoun, 6) Verb+Noun, 7) Verb+Verb, 8) Verbs+Adjectives, 9) Adjective+Noun, 10) Adjective+Adjective. Some compound morpheme functions can change word class and some cannot change word class. The meanings of compound morphemes can be different from its constituent elements and can be related to the constituent elements.

A unitary model of auditory frequency change perception.

Changes in the frequency content of sounds over time are arguably the most basic form of information about the behavior of sound-emitting objects. In perceptual studies, such changes have mostly been investigated separately, as aspects of either pitch or timbre. Here, we propose a unitary account of "up" and "down" subjective judgments of frequency change, based on a model combining auditory correlates of acoustic cues in a sound-specific and listener-specific manner. To do so, we introduce a generalized version of so-called Shepard tones, allowing symmetric manipulations of spectral information on a fine scale, usually associated to pitch (spectral fine structure, SFS), and on a coarse scale, usually associated timbre (spectral envelope, SE). In a series of behavioral experiments, listeners reported "up" or "down" shifts across pairs of generalized Shepard tones that differed in SFS, in SE, or in both. We observed the classic properties of Shepard tones for either SFS or SE shifts: subjective judgements followed the smallest log-frequency change direction, with cases of ambiguity and circularity. Interestingly, when both SFS and SE changes were applied concurrently (synergistically or antagonistically), we observed a trade-off between cues. Listeners were encouraged to report when they perceived "both" directions of change concurrently, but this rarely happened, suggesting a unitary percept. A computational model could accurately fit the behavioral data by combining different cues reflecting frequency changes after auditory filtering. The model revealed that cue weighting depended on the nature of the sound. When presented with harmonic sounds, listeners put more weight on SFS-related cues, whereas inharmonic sounds led to more weight on SE-related cues. Moreover, these stimulus-based factors were modulated by inter-individual differences, revealing variability across listeners in the detailed recipe for "up" and "down" judgments. We argue that frequency changes are tracked perceptually via the adaptive combination of a diverse set of cues, in a manner that is in fact similar to the derivation of other basic auditory dimensions such as spatial location.

Ethical Issues and Ethical Traps

Ethics in its most basic form refers to doing what is right. This article focuses on four ethical traps to help couple and family counselors not only recognize ethical traps but in addition to understand how to avoid and solve ethical traps. To help the couple and family counselor better understand the principles involving ethical traps, four case studies are presented.

Application Prospect, Development Status and Key Technologies of Shared Energy Storage toward Renewable Energy Accommodation Scenario in the Context of China

With the promotion of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and the construction of renewable-dominated electric power systems, renewable energy will become the main power source of power systems in China. How to ensure the accommodation of renewable energy will also be the core issue in the future development process of renewable-dominated electric power systems. In this context, shared energy storage (SES), a novel business model combined with energy storage technologies and the sharing economy, has the potential to play an important role in renewable energy accommodation scenarios. This paper systematically organizes the application prospect, development status and key technologies of SES in the renewable energy accommodation scenario in the context of China, providing helpful references for the promotion of the business model. Firstly, a typical SES framework for renewable energy accommodation is described, and three basic forms of SES in this scenario are presented. Moreover, the application prospect of SES in the renewable energy accommodation scenario is quantitatively analyzed based on the renewable energy generation planning under the carbon peaking goal and the current guarantee mechanism of renewable energy accommodation. Furthermore, the rules for energy storage systems that provide the peak-regulation ancillary service in typical regions and provincial administrative regions in China are summarized, and the development status of SES in the renewable energy accommodation scenario is analyzed, combined with the actual market data. Finally, the key technologies to promote the further development of SES for renewable energy accommodation are presented.

Review of Key Technologies for Offshore Floating Wind Power Generation

In recent years, due to the global energy crisis, increasingly more countries have recognized the importance of developing clean energy. Offshore wind energy, as a basic form of clean energy, has become one of the current research priorities. In the future, offshore wind farms will be developed in deep and distant sea areas. In these areas, there is a new trend of floating offshore wind platforms replacing fixed wind power platforms, due to their low cost, ease of installation, and independence from the water depth. However, the stability of offshore floating platforms is poor and their power fluctuations are significant; furthermore, they are more prone to failure because of sea wind, waves, and currents. This paper summarizes and analyzes the current research progress and critical technical issues of offshore floating wind power generation, such as stability control technology, integrated wind storage technology, wind power energy management, and long-distance transmission of electricity for floating wind power generation at sea. Finally, future research directions for key offshore wind power technologies are presented.

Resource Concentration and Clustering in Replicator Dynamics with Stochastic Reset Events

As a model for economic and ecological systems, replicator dynamics represent a basic form of agent competition for finite resources. Here, we investigate the effects of stochastic resetting in this kind of processes. Random reset events abruptly lead individual resources to a small value from which dynamics must start anew. Numerical results show that resource distribution over the population of competing agents develops highly nonuniform profiles, exhibiting clustering and fluctuations with anomalous dependence on the population size. This non-standard statistical behavior jeopardizes an analytical treatment based on mean-field assumptions. We propose alternative simplified analytical approaches which provide a stylized description of entropy evolution for the clustered distribution of resources and explain the unusually slow decrease of fluctuations.

Polymer in hemostasis and follow‐up wound healing

AbstractPolymers offer unique functional properties that lead to some novel applications every other day. Bioactive polymers with high degree of biodegradability, nonimmunogenicity, and biocompatibility are considered for applications in wound healing. The most basic form of wound protection is by gauge dressing that isolates the wound from contaminants. Natural polymers for example, cellulose, alginate, chitosan, starch, dextran, gelatin, hyaluronic acid, glycan, collagen, and synthetic polymers including polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) are candidates for these applications. Biopolymers, when applied as wound dressing promote tissue healing and repair by (i) regulating the moist environment, and (ii) providing the needed growth factors, while offering anti‐inflammatory, immune‐modulatory, and cell proliferative properties. It induces hemostasis via direct interaction with erythrocytes and platelets. These polymers in cross linked state offer a scaffold for cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell migration. Further, these polymeric materials can be utilized to form permeable envelopes around the hemostatic and wound healing agents to leverage a favorable release kinetics. The fabrication strategies and their reported efficacy are reviewed in this article.

Beyond the Flâneur: Urban Walking as Peripatetic Phenomenological Pedagogy

This essay analyses a key motif in geographical scholarship: the most basic form of mobility achieved by an abled-bodied person engaging in acts of walking. By embedding “walking” firmly within a phenomenological tradition, the essay places “being mobile” qua walking within a field of enquiry that conceptualises an embodied form of mobility as both enabling and limiting. Building furthermore from a growing body of literature that has differentiated between “walking” as an active form of engagement and a host of different geographically relevant modes of being, the paper adds a specifically epistemological set of considerations in an attempt critically to contribute to existing literatures and to interrogate the embodied practice of walking. Key in this endeavour is the contribution mobile modes of existence make to the construction of knowledge about the social world. The paper concludes with a prolegomena that recasts walking in the form of a geographically informed pedagogical practice.

„Já jsem právně úplně mimo“ – Zkušenosti rodičů z homoparentálních rodin v České republice

The article focuses on the definition and description of basic forms of parenthood in homoparental families, i.e. families in which a child or children are raised by two parents of the same sex. The findings are based on the results of a qualitative phenomenological survey involving 37 in-depth interviews with same-sex parents. The research approach emphasised the actors’ views. Homoparental families are specific in the Czech Republic in that the lack of equality of social parents is currently supported by legislation. Since same-sex parents feel equal in terms of the relationship with their child concerning both parental responsibility and childcare mutual replaceability, they have a critical perception of the legal inequality of social parents, who are not permitted by legislation to assume the role of the legal representative of a shared child. The declaration of parental equality with respect to the child can be interpreted as one of the strategies that same-sex parents have adopted in terms of strengthening the position of social parents. The deeper analysis of the data revealed differences in the parenting experiences of two types of same-sex parents. Lesbian women perceive the relationship with the child that they gave birth to differently to the relationship with a child that their partner gave birth to, while gay men deny or play down the importance of such differences.

Дослідження феномена самовдосконалення в міждисциплінарному контексті

The presented article proves the relevance of the phenomenon of self-improvement as an essential personal and professional quality in the context of the globalization of the modern world, the integration of Ukrainian education into the European educational space, and transgressiveness of society in the XXIst century. The expediency of the analysis of self-improvement on the basis of an interdisciplinary methodology, which involves the consideration of certain objects, phenomena and processes as an interdisciplinary synthesis according to the phenomenology of various sciences, is substantiated. In the format of philosophy, the genesis of approaches to the interpretation of self-improvement, starting from antiquity, is analyzed. The social conditionality of the process of self-improvement is highlighted, the consideration of its basic forms is presented, namely: idealistic, materialistic and dialectical. The determination of the self-improvement of the individual by the goals and values of society is proven. Three main aspects of consideration of self-improvement in psychology are presented, namely: as a phenomenon that reveals the capabilities of a person, his essence; as phenomena of self-actualization of the individual; as a quality that contributes to the spiritual growth of the individual and reveals the possibilities of human consciousness and self-awareness. The connection between self-improvement and individual subjectivity is emphasized. It was found that the self-improvement of an individual depends on his own activity, goals, motives and beliefs. The pedagogical interpretation of self-improvement is related to its consideration as the highest form of personal self-development, which is a conscious process aimed at changing oneself and one's professional abilities, which meets external and internal requirements and universal human values. It was found that scientists sometimes identify the concept of “self-improvement” with such concepts as “self-actualization”, “self-development”, “self-education”, “self-realization”, “self-education”.

Speech behavior of the moderator in structuring the media dialogue: Models of topic management in the aspect of idiostyle (on the material of the video blog)

Dialogue as a research object is reflected in the works of not only Russian researchers, but also western researchers. Dialogue as a basic form is widely used in the media space, which determines the need for its study. The aim of our study is to identify the models of dynamics management in media dialogue as an individual manifestation of the moderator. The article comprehensively uses analysis and synthesis, communicative and functional analysis, comparative analysis, method of structuring and model analysis. The 560-minute 54 seconds episodes of the video blog “vDud’”* were used as empirical material. The media dialogue as a semi-institutional communication under the new communicative conditions acquires new features. Its structuring largely depends on the speech behavior of the moderator, who occupies the leading place in this type of communication. On the basis of the analysis of the empirical material three basic models of the moderator’s management of the themes are revealed: the model “from general to the parts” which is effective for the disclosure of event information, the model “preliminary preparation + main topic putting forward” shows the information about the guests’ world outlook, life philosophy and values, and the model “direct input” which has a great communicative potential. In addition, the identified models acquire individual features in the process of their application by the video-blogger Y. Dud’*. For the disclosure of event information, the first model of Y. Dud’* in a harmonious situation was used. To obtain true information about the worldview, life understanding and values of the invited guests the second model is constantly applied in a conflict communicative environment. The third model by the situation can be both cooperative-harmonious and non-cooperative-conflict nature.

Intelligence Analysis

The analysts are in the field of "knowledge". Intelligence refers to knowledge and the types of problems addressed are knowledge problems. So, we need a concept of work based on knowledge. We need a basic understanding of what we know and how we know, what we do not know, and even what can be known and what is not known. The analysis should provide a useful basis for conceptualizing intelligence functions, of which the most important are "estimation" and "prediction". The intelligence itself, in its basic form, has a decision-making function. Intelligence analysis applies individual and collective cognitive methods to assess data and test assumptions in a secret socio-cultural context.

Theory of a VLF Circular-Loop Antenna in an Anisotropic Magnetoplasma

The circular-loop antenna is one of the most basic antenna forms for very low frequency (VLF: 3–30 kHz) space-borne transmitting systems. However, the theoretical progress of the loop antenna in an anisotropic plasma is slower than that of the linear antenna due to its complexity. This article studies the theory of a VLF circular-loop antenna located in an anisotropic magnetoplasma. The current integral equation of the current is formulated by deriving the exact kernel function and boundary condition. By taking both the effects of O-wave and E-wave into consideration, the current distribution and input impedance of a circular-loop antenna are solved via the method of moments along with the numerical techniques. The results show that the current amplitude decreases with the loop radius. As the size of the loop increases, the current distribution resembles a cosine function with its phases jumping at several positions. Moreover, the input impedance of the antenna increases as the radius and operating frequency increase. The proposed approach is validated by comparing the computed impedance with that simulated by the commercial software FEKO. The preliminary study of VLF loop antenna theory can offer theoretical guidance in antenna design and efficiency improvement for actual VLF space-borne transmitting systems.

FORMATION OF PERSONAL CULTURE OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

It is described the model of formation a medical student’s personal culture in the article. There are named three main fundamental foundations of a medical student. The theory of holism and therapeutic communication are determined as the basic aspects of communicative fundamental foundation. Cognitive theory, organization theory and critical thinking are defined as the part of motivational fundamental foundation. Social mentality and deontological model are named as the elements of valuable foundation. There are characterized normative, substantive and procedural aspects of a medical student’s personal culture formation. It is found out that main norms and official documents are an integral part of normative element. The list of skills is named for forming motivation, communicative skills and values of medical students. It is found out that one dimensional approach can be used for forming a medical student’s personal culture. The discipline “The basis of a personal development” is named as one of the ways to form and improve a medical student’s personal culture. It is determined that procedural aspect consists of different techniques, methods, principles, means, forms and approaches. The theoretical foundations of a medical student’s personal culture formation are determined. The basic ways of improvement a medical student’s personal culture are revealed. Tips are given on the use of basic techniques, methods, forms and means of forming a medical student’s personal culture.

At Home with the Collective: Hilberseimer, Labor Unions, and the Women’s Movement

While housing could be described as one of the basic forms of architecture and one of its main responsibilities, if not today’s most crucial task, architecture has largely ceased to rethink established forms of living and the politics and economies that surround it. Escaping the pervasive models of profit-based home ownership in the West seems increasingly difficult when housing is dominated by neoliberal market values. Already at the beginning of the twentieth century, however, some architects struggled with similar conditions within the metropolis. Ludwig Hilberseimer’s proposals for new types of living for a new kind of liberated individual are particularly instructive today as they rethought housing as a right, allied with unions in order to rethink its financial models, and learned from activists in the Women’s Movement to question the dominant narratives around heteronormative family structures and domestic labor. In our time of ballooning housing costs, stagnant wages, failed trickle-down economics, and shortages of affordable housing, these urgencies have not lost but only gained momentum.

Інноваційний розвиток ІТ-сфери в Україні

The development of strategic guidelines in the IT sphere deserves considerable attention in view of the efficiency and long-term consequences that certain decisions and actions have for the development of IT business in the country. Strategic management of innovation activities in the IT sphere should involve policies and procedures available for implementation in the conditions of specific companies that ensure the protection of the assets of the entity, efficiency and effectiveness of management. The above requires the definition of basic forms of implementation of the IT development strategy in Ukraine, which indicates the relevance of this study. Among researchers of the innovation process today, the prevailing belief is that innovations in the modern economic environment arise and be spread in the networks that connect individual actors. This position is formed on the basis of the evolution of views on the problems of the course of innovation processes and finds expression in the conception of feedback models, integrated models, as well as the concept of «open innovation environment». The researchers have also identified the following components of innovation development: social activity, creative activity, intellectual capital and entrepreneurial initiative. At the same time, studies of the problems of implementing the innovation process in the IT sphere in the reviewed works relate primarily to the micro level and much less to the macro level, that is, taking into account the need to solve the problems of development of this sphere and the economy of the country as a whole. The creation, assimilation and dissemination of innovations in the modern economic environment should be implemented in the form of a certain development strategy, within which it is possible to manage, control and stimulate the course of this process. The article is aimed at substantiating strategic guidelines for innovative development of the IT sphere in Ukraine under current conditions, under the influence of factors of the business environment and specifics of the national innovation system. The informational basis of the carried out study is the normative legal acts of Ukraine on the issues of conducting economic activity of enterprises, the implementation of innovation activity; scientific publications of leading foreign and domestic scientists. The study uses general scientific and special methods: induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis; dialectical method – in identifying specific features of strategic innovative development of the IT sphere in Ukraine; abstraction, generalization, system, functional methods – when developing a strategy for the development of the IT sphere in Ukraine and the forms of its practical implementation. Based on the results of the study, the authors conclude that the strategic management of innovation activities in the IT sphere should use instruments available for implementation in the conditions of specific companies that ensure the protection of the assets of an economic entity, efficiency and effectiveness of management. The configuration of such instrumentarium is formed taking into account the problems of development of the IT sphere, country-specific development factors, global trends in the development of IT technologies, i. e., the limitations and opportunities that determine the form and content of the instruments used. The basic forms of implementation of the IT development strategy in Ukraine are determined. Prospects for further research are to deepen and structure the instrumentarium for managing innovation activities in the IT sphere of Ukraine, which can be applied to specific directions of such activities.

The local political regime: aspects of Moscow polity

The article discusses the theoretical and methodological foundations of modern political regimes. The evolution of political and regime issues is reflected from the standpoint of the views of researchers reflecting in the 21st century. The crisis of the transit approach is shown, which inevitably led to a rethinking of democracy. The analysis focuses on local modes, which have two basic forms of expression: regional and urban, in relation to large urbanized spaces (megacities). As a result of the application of regional transformation criteria to the political sphere, it is concluded that since 2010, Moscow polity has experienced power-political restructuring in the format of a «pact of elites» and not scenarios of «struggle according to the rules», «war of all against all», «winner gets everything». The use of the methodology of B. Ferman, in relation to the city (Moscow) political regime of 2010, allows us to conclude that the «control regime» explains more the specifics of metropolitan polity than the features of the «coordination regime».

Specific cases of zone-oriented timetable

This paper deals with the topic of railway zone-oriented timetable which is an operational concept suitable for suburban and alternatively long-distance transport. Initially, the paper describes the main principles, advantages, and disadvantages of the zone-oriented timetable, especially in terms of travel times, train sets capacity, and railway capacity. Then there are described some specific cases/forms of the zone-oriented timetable and compared to the basic form of the zone-oriented timetable in the mentioned terms. Also, some examples of the concepts, where they are or can be applied, are stated.

Prediction of future breakthroughs in materials synthesis and manufacturing techniques: a new perspective of synthesis dynamics theory.

The continuous development of different kinds of materials plays a significant role in social productivity. However, the lack of a complete synthesis kinetic theory has resulted in the absence of scientific guidance for the emergence of advanced manufacturing technologies, limiting the research and production of new types of materials. The present work aims at obtaining the basic form of the diffusion flux-driving force equation through the concept of ion diffusion so as to establish a synthesis kinetic theory. Using this theory, the scientific principles of existing synthesis technologies are summarized, and the key directions that future manufacturing technologies need to break through are proposed as well. Based on a comprehensive analysis of this theory, the feasible directions are discussed, providing strong support for the early realization of targeted design and manufacturing of new materials with specific functions.