Basic Desires Research Articles

Success Semantics, Reinforcing Satisfaction, and Sensory Inclinations

Abstract Success semantics holds, roughly, that what it is for a state of an agent to be a belief that P is for it to be disposed to combine with her desires to cause behaviour that would fulfill those desires if P. J. T. Whyte supplements this with an account of the contents of an agent's “basic desires” to provide an attractive naturalistic theory of mental content. We argue that Whyte's strategy can avoid the objections raised against it by restricting “basic desires” to sensory inclinations that cause us to do things independently of our beliefs about their contents.

The Patient Experience of Adolescents With Traumatic Injuries: Recommendations for Improvement.

Positive patient experience is associated with less healthcare utilization, better treatment adherence, increased likelihood of returning to the same hospital, and fewer complaints. However, hospitals have been able to collect few insights into the experiences of pediatric patients due to age limitations. As an exception to that reality, adolescents (aged 12-20 years) are able to share their experiences and recommend improvements, yet little is known about their hospital experiences with traumatic injuries. We examined the patient experience of adolescents with traumatic injuries and collected their recommendations for improving care. We conducted 28 semistructured interviews with English-speaking adolescents hospitalized at two trauma Level 1 hospitals (pediatric and adult) for physical injuries from July 2018 to June 2021. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using modified thematic analysis. The patients expressed three basic desires: (1) autonomy and active involvement in their care, (2) human connections with their clinicians, and (3) minimal discomfort. Study participants provided actionable recommendations for improving the patient experience for adolescents with traumatic injuries. Hospital administrators and clinicians can improve the patient experience for adolescents in their care by sharing information, expectations, and goals with them. Hospital administrators can also empower the clinical staff to connect with adolescents with traumatic injuries on a personal level.

LOW TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN ADULTS IN CENTRAL ASIA REGIONS

Relevance: At the moment, there is a significant decrease in testosterone levels around the world compared to the last century, today the abundance of benefits and harmful cheap food is increasing, a man less and less has to make efforts to be full and satisfy his basic desires and needs, which naturally leads to less movement and less desire for something. The observation of testosterone indicators around the world and indicates to us a clear decrease in the level of the main sex hormone of men in the region of 20-30% compared to the last century, there is a large number of guesses and assumptions why this happens. In this article, we will examine the main reasons for lowering the hormone in the regions of central Asia, since most people in this environment are predisposed to low testosterone levels due to weak promotion of male health.

Motivation, stress, recovery, and physical activity of teachers: discoveries with the Reiss Motivation Profile® and the Firstbeat® measurement

AimTeaching is known as a high-stress occupation. Managing fatigue and promoting work engagement, teachers’ expectations and perceptions can impact work-related stress–recovery–balance and physical activity levels. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the relationship between intrinsic motivational factors and the autonomic nervous system, such as heart rate and heart rate variability regulation, sleep, and physical activity levels.MethodsThe research included 66 primary and high school teachers in Tampere, Finland, in 2020–2021. The Reiss Motivation Profile® (RMP) was selected as an instrument to provide a practical approach to understanding people’s intrinsic motivators and the effects of those on the Firstbeat®-measured heart rate and heart rate variability, and accelerometry. Stepwise multiple linear regression models were used to assess whether the RMP motives reflected Firstbeat®-measured outcomes.ResultsMotives such as Acceptance, Eating, Family, Physical Activity, Power, Tranquillity, and Vengeance were found to have a relationship with Firstbeat®-measured outcomes. An increase in the Physical Activity motive was related to lower stress and less light physical activity. Furthermore, an increase in the Physical Activity motive showed a relationship with better recovery and a higher amount of vigorous physical activity. However, the statistical analysis of heart rate and heart rate variability showed only low explanatory power (R2 = 0.111–0.140) for stress, recovery, and sleep. On the contrary, the explanatory power of measurements related to physical activity and sedentary behavior was higher (R2 = 0.171–0.298). In addition, the need for Acceptance as an important intrinsic motive that may prevent people from vigorous physical activity deserves further research.ConclusionThe results indicated that there are several factors affecting the autonomous nervous system but also behavior. The basic desires explained sedentary and physical activity behavior better than the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. The 16 life motives can serve as a valuable theory for understanding better how to encourage people to have healthier habits.

Simulation of dual mode blanket for hypothermia patients

Maintaining the human body temperature is one among the foremost basic desires for living, which regularly consumes an enormous quantity to stay the ambient temperature constant. Our overall health is often reliant upon temperature in many ways additionally. In this project the issues on maintaining the temperature in a convenient way is considered mainly demanding new effective ways to manage it. Particularly, textile-based personal thermal management has huge potential as a result of it focuses the temperature management close to the human body rather than the entire building not like regular thermostat. The main project objective is that the fabric will auto detects the patient’s temperature and generate heat on one side and generate chillness on the other hence can be used as a dual-purpose blanket. The blanket generally works with medium density polyethylene with copper and carbon relative to the emissivity. The carbon coated layer is on the outside when the person or a patient is trying to cool down and the heat radiates out producing a cooling effect with the high and low range of the emissivity. When the person or a patient needs heat, the blanket can be turned inside out and the copper coated layer keeps the heat by creating an insulating effect and warms up the patient instant. The thermal emissivity of the chosen compound for developing a dual mode blanket has been demonstrated using COMSOL Multiphysics (5.6) software and the blink monitoring app is developed for the purpose of monitor the body temperature continuously.

Need based approach: a perspective for sustainable housing

Population growth and urbanisation have been causing tremendous stress on urban housing. Over the years, housing construction has emerged as an industry and became a major contributor to pollution, environmental issues and resource depletion. There is a threat of exhausting resources with respect to housing construction. A quick glance at the housing scenario, it can be observed that there is a huge disparity in demand and supply of housing, which is more evident across the less affordable classes of society. While there is shortage in supply for the urban poor, there is over utilisation of resources to satisfy the requirements of those who could spend beyond their affordability confines. This need to be addressed with respect to the resource allocation and such an attempt requires an understanding of human requirement for housing beyond the basic desires and needs. Various studies in social science and economics have put forward theories to explain the human needs, which can be found useful in understanding the housing needs also. This paper attempts to understand such theories and frameworks on human needs and develop a sustainable approach to refine the housing requirements across different socio cultural and economic categories. Based on the studies, a broad framework is proposed categorizing human housing needs into normative, comparative, felt and expressed which can be analysed based on personal economic and socio cultural attributes. Such a framework shall help the society address the conditions of imbalance in a broader standpoint with long-term benefits.

Klüver‐Bucy syndrome due to stroke in the left temporal lobe

AbstractBackgroundKlüver‐Bucy syndrome (KBS) comprises: 1) hyperorality, 2) hypermetamorphosis, 3) hypersexuality, 4) eating disorder, 5) placidity, 6) visual agnosia (psychic blindness) and 7) amnesia (at least three components are described as partial KBS). The classic description involves bilateral injuries to the anterior temporal lobes, but it has been reported that unilateral lesions can also lead to KBS.MethodCase report and analyses of MR Images (T1, Flair and Tractography) of a patient presenting partial KBS due to stroke in the left temporal lobe.ResultMale patient, 69 years‐old, with cognitive deficits that have begun after a left frontotemporal stroke in 2003, with remarkable changes in the temporal pole. In the first months after the stroke, he used to get lost when out of home and had difficulty remembering names and recognizing well known persons due to psychic blindness. During the next years, the patient developed impairment in declarative memory, but preserved visuospatial skills (many times coming to the medical appointments alone, using public transportation). Over time, he developed binge eating (once eating 1 kilogram of cheese, for instance), inability to deal with money (unnecessary loans in banks) and bizarre sexual behavior (such as excessive addiction to porn movies, public masturbation, flirting with women in his neighborhood, and an episode of inappropriate sexual behavior with his daughter‐in‐law). The patient still resists taking bath and changing clothes.ConclusionThe exact anatomic basis of KBS is still controversial. What is remarkable is the main role of the amygdala in the syndrome. However, periamygdalar lesions can cause disconnection syndromes and damage the limbic network that involves the uncus, the hippocampus, the insular cortex, orbitofrontal and cingulate gyri. Patients with KBS can mimic behavioral variant frontotemporal lobar degeneration (bvFTLD) – particularly regarding eating and sexual disorders, probably due to the connections between the amygdala and the orbitofrontal gyri. The integrity of these two regions and their connections probably play an important role in emotional continence, modulating basic desires in the human species. Lesions in the uncinate fasciculus can predispose to KBS. Our patient exhibits lack of fibers connecting temporal lobe and orbitofrontal cortex showed in the tractography.

Desire and What It’s Rational to Do

ABSTRACT It is often taken for granted that our desires can contribute to what it is rational for us to do. This paper examines an account of desire—the ‘guise of the good’— that promises an explanation of this datum. I argue that extant guise-of-the-good accounts fail to provide an adequate explanation of how a class of desires—basic desires—contributes to practical rationality. I develop an alternative guise-of-the-good account on which basic desires attune us to our reasons for action in virtue of their biological function. This account emphasises the role of desire as part of our competence to recognise and respond to normative reasons.

On the Translatability of MoYan’s Novels and the C-E Translation

Literature works of supranational or international significance must have considerable “translatability” internally. Mo Yan’s works show obvious world characteristics in the theme and techniques of creation, which constitute the internal “translatability” of his works. This paper discusses the translatability of Mo Yan’s novels from four aspects: the theme, the structure, the image and the language of the novels, and then analyzes the translatability of the theme reflected in the English translation. The paper finds that, the translatability in the theme of creation is embodied in its most basic and natural desires and emotions of human beings, and the universality beyond time and space, that the translatability of the novel structure is embodied in the strong story-telling feature and the obvious plot of the novel, that the translatability of the image is embodied in its clear and common reference of the images, and that the translatability of the language is embodied in the language characteristic of story-telling, and the less profound and obscure language expressions. This paper also takes the English versions of Red Sorghum and Big Breasts & Wide Hips translated by Howard Goldblatt as examples to analyze in detail the embodiment of translatability in the theme of the novel. It is found out that due to the translatability in the theme of the original novels, the English translation greatly represent the themes expressing humanity, free life and religion.

Media and basic desires: An approach to measuring the mediatization of daily human life

Abstract The extended reliance on media can be seen as one indicator of mediatization. But even though we can assume that the pervasive character of digital media essentially changes the way people experience everyday life, we cannot take these experiences for granted. There has recently been a formulation of three tasks for mediatization research; historicity, specificity and measurability, needed to empirically verify mediatization processes across time and space. In this article, we present a tool designed to handle these tasks, by measuring the extent to which people experience that media reach into the deeper layers of daily human life. The tool was tested in an empirical study conducted in Sweden in 2017. The results show that perceived media reliance is played out in relation to three types of basic desires: (1) (re)productive desires, (2) recognition desires, and (3) civic desires, and is socially structured and structuring. We argue this tool, in diachronic analyses, can measure one important aspect of mediatization.

Human Rights and Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART): A Contractarian Approach

What are human rights? Do they exist? I propose to answer these questions by advancing a contractarian account of human rights. I focus on the human right to found a family and have children. I also show how the contractarian approach to human rights can explain the current relevance of reproductive rights in the human rights discourse, and how the emergence of ART (Assisted Reproductive Technologies) has contributed to this shift. The contractarian account of human rights asks, firstly, the following question: which basic needs and desires can be ascribed to any human being regardless of gender, nationality, sexual orientation, age, ethnicity etc.? Having an interest, for instance, in preserving one’s own bodily integrity, freedom, and private property qualifies as a basic human need or basic desire. But a basic human need or desire does not constitute in itself a human right. Secondly, the contractarian account of human rights asks, then, which basic human needs or basic desires individuals and states representatives would consider so important that they would agree to create institutional frameworks, both at the domestic and international level, in such a way as to enable individuals to pursue the fulfilment of their basic needs or desires without state interference. Human rights exist and can only be claimed in the context of these normative frameworks.

The Role of Islamic Education Teachers in Developing Student Personalities

Since birth, humans have had basic desires, namely the desire to be one with the atmosphere of the surrounding environment. At one time, there will be social interaction which will then occur social activities because social interaction is the main requirement for social activities. Islam respects people who work as teachers. Teachers can read socio-religious conditions towards more advanced conditions. This is where the importance of religious teachers to carry out their roles. If someone uses his rights and obligations according to his position, then he takes on the role. If they can use their rights and obligations properly, it can be said otherwise if they have not been able to use their rights and obligations, which means that they have not been able to carry out their roles properly. Professional and skilled educators, dedication and expertise are needed and expected and carry out community development. Islamic religious teachers act and say according to religious norms and society. They are required to collaborate with the community in a compact manner for the success of achieving the desired conditions. The growth and development of the child's personality occur through life experiences both in the family, in school and in the community. The more religious values internalized, attitudes, actions, behaviors, and ways of dealing with life will be in accordance with religious teachings, so that a complete and ideal personality pattern is formed based on religious values.

Introducing ‘Intimate Civility’: Towards a New Concept for 21st-Century Relationships

Introducing ‘Intimate Civility’: Towards a New Concept for 21st-Century Relationships

Is Xunzi a utilitarian? Revisiting a disagreement

ABSTRACTIn Chinese scholarship, Xunzi is often regarded as an eclectic Confucian master who accepted some form of utilitarian thoughts (e.g. Fung Yu-lan, Mou Zongsan and Xu Fuguan). This characteristic was also observed by some western scholars such as Benjamin I. Schwartz. In a recent study, I argued that the basic character of Xunzi’s philosophy is utilitarianism in a broad sense based on an examination on his intellectual criticism and political criticism. Xunzi asserts that humans are innately driven by self-interested desires, and he evaluates all intellectual works and political behaviours by their utility. However, he does not limit utility to only basic animal desires such as food and sex. In Xunzi’s view, humans also have innate emotions; hence, these emotions should also be accounted for in their utility. This is similar to John Stuart Mill’s redefinition of Bentham’s concept of utility. Are Xunzi’s and Mill’s concepts of utility exactly the same? This question has yet to be examined. This article is a comparative study between utilitarianism and Xunzi’s philosophy which especially explores the compatibility of these two philosophies.

Francis Hutcheson and John Clarke on Desire and Self-Interest

Among the most animating debates in eighteenth-century British ethics was the debate over psychological egoism, the view that our most basic desires are self-interested. An important episode in that debate, less well known than it should be, was the exchange between Francis Hutcheson and John Clarke of Hull. In the early editions of his Inquiry into Virtue, Hutcheson argued ingeniously against psychological egoism; in his Foundation of Morality, Clarke argued ingeniously against Hutcheson’s arguments. Later, Hutcheson attempted new arguments against psychological egoism, designed to overcome Clarke’s objections. This article examines the exchange between these philosophers. Its conclusion, influenced partly by Clarke, is that psychological egoism withstands Hutcheson’s arguments. This is not to belittle those arguments—indeed, they are among the most resourceful and plausible of their kind. The fact that egoism withstands them is thus not a mere negative result, but a stimulus to consider carefully the ways in which progress in this area may be possible.

Formation of a model of strategic management of industrial tourism development in the region

Within the framework of this article it is proposed to form a model of strategic management of industrial tourism development in the region. Modern trends in the development of the tourism industry actively influence the development of the world economy as a whole, and the economy of the state and its regions. Tourism has become a huge separate part of economic activity, which can satisfy special desires of consumers. Satisfaction of these basic desires is carried out not only at the expense of the sphere of tourist services, but also organizations of other fields of activity – this explains the fact that tourism is one of the factors influencing the economic development of the country. The development of industrial tourism contributes to the emergence of new brands, improves the investment climate. Industrial tourism is a niche for the development of cooperation between the regional authorities, industrial and tourist companies. All of the above makes it necessary to improve the theoretical and scientific approaches to the development of strategic management of the development of industrial tourism in order to effectively use the industrial potential of the region, increase its investment attractiveness and the image of the region and the tourism industry, which will lead to the development of the region in both the tourism and industrial sectors. Towards the end of the 20th century, industrial tourism began to emerge in our country. Recently this trend is gaining momentum, and for its further development requires a competent system of strategic management. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that in the conditions of modern market economy, it is necessary to search for new, non-traditional forms of tourism development of their management in order to attract tourists from a more diverse range of target groups, to stimulate the re-visit of industrial tourism in the region.

스포츠의 공정성과 권력의 인문학적 접근과 사유

This study explores the relationship about the doping, situations of match fixing and elements of power (violence, capital, knowledge) that are most relevant to fairness in modern sport to gain insight into the relationship between fairness and power in sport. In other words, the concept of doping and violence, doping and capital, doping and knowledge are widely interpreted and discussed in relation to doping and power. In sport, doping is done for wealth, honor and for his own satisfaction or self-realization. Anti-doping is a form of relationship between doping and anti-doping, such as suspension of qualification, forfeiture of prize, or medal deprivation. The sanction against doping ignorance also implies unconditional responsibility for athletes and athlete support agents, so they must understand the relationship between doping and anti-doping in sport. Match fixing is same as well. We are aware of the truth that match fixing is bad but we keep on doing it in ignorance or lack of will power. The former is done due to lack of true knowledge (the knowledge we know but do not practice), and the latter is done due to absence of virtue. Scine virtue is related to the habit, continue doing it even though it is wrong, is no longer ignorance but evil. These phenomena are spread all over sport and our society. The fact that doping incidents and match fixing operations are occurring consistently is not a matter of personal ethics of athletes, leaders, stakeholders or the genreal public, but of social ethics. It is now necessary to explore in depth the power which is the product of human basic desires prior to discussing ethical approach and discussion which is the philosophy of sport. This phenomenon will continue to be formed by our visible and invisible powers in the future. If we do not recognize it properly, more serious problems will arise. So this study should be preceded.

Sex, Capital, and Power Meta-Theology on Sexuality

Sexuality is essential to human beings. Human history began and has been preserved by sexual activities. In a narrow sense, sex satisfies on of the basic desires and pleasures of the creatures, and in a broad sense it brings them security and happiness in relation to the family system. However, when sexuality is abused, many problems arise. Sexuality concerns not only an individual but also a community. How sexuality is treated in theology? Sexuality is not a main topic of theology, being compared with the other discipline. Although biblical studies deal with the issues related to sexuality, they are limited to specific subjects and the biblical scholars failed to reach an agreement. It is no exaggeration to say that the church does not touch the issue of sexuality. It seems to put a taboo on the subject. The Bible considers sexuality as a source of happiness and holiness (Gen 2; Lev 18-20; Song) as well as that of evil (Deut 22:21), but the church sometimes takes an ambivalent attitude to sexuality. Christians have a choice of two extremes, either secretly indulging in sex or living abstinent lives. This paper tries to investigate the theology of sexuality in the Old Testament in a holistic manner. Sexuality shows an aspect of the religion of ancient Israel in that individuals and their community are closely bound up with capital and power through sexuality. Written in an ancient language, the Bible is not an old document that is abrogated today. But it can serve as the rules of life. Therefore, we have to provide a theoretical basis to solve sexual problems brought up in the real life.

Steven Reiss (1947–2016).

This article memorializes Steven Reiss (1947-2016), an eminent clinical psychologist. He was professor emeritus of psychology and psychiatry at the Ohio State University. Reiss has made major contributions to three areas of psychology. He formulated the concept of anxiety sensitivity, an individual difference variable signifying a person's proneness to respond fearfully to bodily sensations that accompany anxiety. He was the key developer of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), a self-report measure of the fear of anxiety sensations translated into more than 20 languages. Reiss was a pioneer in the field of dual diagnosis-the study and treatment of mental disorders in people with intellectual disabilities. Reiss's third major field of inquiry was human motivation. For the past 20 years, he has been studying individual differences in motivational profiles. To measure individual differences in 16 basic desires, he developed the Reiss Motivation Profile. (PsycINFO Database Record

입체주의 표현기법을 활용한 아트 마스크 융합 디자인

현대의 아트메이크업은 미를 목적으로 하는 인간의 원초적 욕망이나 욕구의 논리적 사고에서 벗어나 개성화 차별화의 추세에 따라 폭넓게 전개되어지고 있으며 고객의 니즈(needs)에 맞게 다양하게 융합 접목되어지고 있다. 20세기 미술사조의 중심이 되는 입체주의는 아트메이크업을 표현하는데 있어 창의성을 기반으로 하는 좋은 소재가 된다. 이에 본 연구는 입체주의 표현기법을 아트메이크업에 융합시켜 아트마스크에 제시함으로써 새로운 디자인 발상과 표현영역을 창출해내는 데 있다. 연구방법은 선행연구와 인터넷 자료, 전문서적 등을 토대로 입체주의와 아트메이크업에 대한 고찰 후, 입체주의 표현기법을 크게 복수시점, 형태의 분할, 콜라주로 나누어 피카소의 작품을 모티브로 아트마스크에 융합 디자인한다. 이러한 연구 결과, 입체주의 표현기법이 아트메이크업에도 적용 가능하게 나타났으며 창의적인 아트메이크업 융합 디자인을 도출해내어 제시할 수 있었다. 향후 이에 따른 연구가 활발히 이루어지기를 기대해보며 본 연구가 아트메이크업 디자인 개발에 도움이 되길 바란다. Contemporary art make-up is being widely developed in line with the trends of individualization and differentiation departing from basic desires or logical thinking about the desires of human beings who ultimately pursue beauty and experiencing diversified convergence and integration befitting customer needs. Cubism that has been playing a central role at the center of art history in the <TEX>$20^{th}$</TEX> century can act as a good material based on creativity with regard to expression of the art make-up. In this regard, the study was focused on creating new concepts of design and novel areas of expression by combining expressive methods of cubism with art make-up to suggest an art mask. As for a method of the study, cubism and art make-up were examined based on preceding studies, Internet data and technical books, and the expression method of cubism was divided into plural points of view, partition of shape and collage and motivated the works of Picasso for the purpose of art mask-converged design. As a result of the study, it was found out that the expression method of cubism was applicable to the art make-up, and creative art make-up converged design could be generated to make a suggestion. In this regard, it is hoped that further studies will be facilitated and that this study can be instrumental in developing art make-up design.