Basic Design Concepts Research Articles

Recent Advances in Organic Phototransistors: Nonvolatile Memory, Artificial Synapses, and Photodetectors

Recent research interest in organic field‐effect transistor (FET) memory has shifted to the functionality of photoprogramming in terms of its potential uses in multibit data storage and light‐assisted encryption and its low‐energy consumption and broad response to various optical bands. Phototransistor memory can be modulated through both electrical stress and light illumination, allowing it to function as an orthogonal operation method without mutual interference. Herein, the basic design concepts, requirements, and architectures of phototransistor memory are introduced. Design architectures such as channel‐only, channel‐with‐photogate, photochromatic channel devices and floating gate, photoactive polymer, and organic molecule‐based electrets are systematically categorized. The operational mechanism and impact of effective combinations of channels and electrets are reviewed to provide a fundamental understanding of photoprogramming as well as its potential future developmental applications as nonvolatile memory. Furthermore, recent advances in phototransistors and their diverse applications, including nonvolatile memory, artificial synapses, and photodetectors, are summarized. Finally, the outlook for the future development of phototransistors is briefly discussed. A comprehensive picture of the recent progress in phototransistors is provided.

Influence of Friction on the Behavior and Performance of Prefabricated Timber–Bearing Glass Composite Systems

The basic concept of seismic building design is to ensure the ductility and sufficient energy dissipation of the entire system. The combination of wood and bearing glass represents a design in which each material transmits the load, and with the mutual and simultaneous interaction of the constituent elements, it is also earthquake resistant. Such a system has been developed so that the glass directly relies on the wooden frame, which allows the load to be transferred by contact and the friction force between the two of materials. Within the seismic load, friction between glass and wood is an important factor that affects both the behavior and performance of a wood–glass composite system. The set-up system consists of a single specimen of laminated or insulating glass embedded between two CLT elements. The friction force was determined at the CLT–glass contact surface for a certain lateral pressure, i.e., normal force. Friction depends on the way the elements (especially glass) are processed, as well as on the lateral load introduced into the system. Conducted experimental research was accompanied by numerical analyses. Experimental research was confirmed by numerical simulations.

Implementation of Biomimetic Architectural Concepts on Equestrian Buildings

Equestrian sport is one of the efforts to improve human resources and quality. To create good conditions for athletes and the horses themselves, it is therefore necessary to have an open space that is environmentally responsive by making this place their 'home'. To create an open and environmentally responsive space, this equestrian building will use the concept of Biomimetic Architecture, the concept of Biomimetic Architecture to obtain the basic concept of architectural design that minimizes changes to the site. Biomimetic architecture uses nature as a model, reference and guide for solving problems in architecture. This research aims to analyse the points of biomimetic architecture that can be applied to buildings. This research is included in the descriptive qualitative category, especially using synchronic analysis which produces a solution in the form of a design concept. Data collection is obtained from the literature study which is then synthesized and becomes design criteria. From each application point studied, it can answer problems regarding the effect of each criterion on the building itself.

Health Awareness Raising with ‘5 Minutes Workout’ Digital Campaign

Health Awareness is important to have a healthy body and good physical fitness. It is something that must be maintained, especially in the post-pandemic period. Another factor that triggers people to ignore health and physical fitness is because it is considered to waste time and there are not many health sports models whose implementation is simpler and shorter. Therefore, a solution is needed in the form of a campaign about short exercise for 5 minutes that can be done at home or office. The method of collecting data for this digital campaign is though observation method, observing one of the sports fields in Denpasar, also by distributing questionnaires, and by interviewing 3 people. The results will be used as basic design concept, and will be digitally campaigned in form of active and healthy short exercises. Campaign will be compiled with digital media in application, with the style of pop art design in order to gain '5 Minutes Workout' campaign.

Analysis of basic concepts of advanced engines for supersonic civil aircraft on the basis of foreign designers’ experience

The work contains the results of a study of the basic design concepts of advanced engines for supersonic civil aircraft, carried out in order to make a forecast for the development of aviation technology, taking into account the experience of foreign designers. Engine designs are presented that are considered to be the most rational ones from the point of view of achieving high technical and economic parameters in the range of cruise Mach numbers from 1.2 to 5. Advantages and disadvantages of various engine designs, as well as issues of engine regulation at different flight modes, are discussed. The parameters of some engines being developed and studied at present for supersonic civil aircraft are presented. The analysis of the designs shows that an increase in the cruise Mach number leads to a complication of engine designs in the direction of an increase in the number of controlled elements, the number of working fluid flow paths, a complication of the architecture of turbomachines, as well as in the direction of using combined schemes and alternative fuels. The aspiration to meet new reinforced ecological requirements through the use of new, complex engine designs that differ significantly from traditional gas turbine engines will inevitably entail additional technical risks due to the insufficient level of technological readiness of most of the new controlled units.

Realization of user-friendly bioanalytical tools to quantify and monitor critical components in bio-industrial processes through conceptual design.

This minireview suggests a conceptual and user‐oriented approach for the design of process monitoring systems in bioprocessing. Advancement of process analytical techniques for quantification of critical analytes can take advantage of basic conceptual process design to support reasoning, reconsidering and ranking solutions. Issues on analysis in complex bio‐industrial media, sensitivity and selectivity are highlighted from users’ perspectives. Meeting challenging analytical demands for understanding the critical interplay between the emerging bioprocesses, their biomolecular complexity and the needs for user‐friendly analytical tools are discussed. By that, a thorough design approach is suggested based on a holistic design thinking in the quest for better analytical opportunities to solve established and emerging analytical needs.

Recent Advances in Electrical Impedance Sensing Technology for Single-Cell Analysis.

Cellular heterogeneity is of significance in cell-based assays for life science, biomedicine and clinical diagnostics. Electrical impedance sensing technology has become a powerful tool, allowing for rapid, non-invasive, and label-free acquisition of electrical parameters of single cells. These electrical parameters, i.e., equivalent cell resistance, membrane capacitance and cytoplasm conductivity, are closely related to cellular biophysical properties and dynamic activities, such as size, morphology, membrane intactness, growth state, and proliferation. This review summarizes basic principles, analytical models and design concepts of single-cell impedance sensing devices, including impedance flow cytometry (IFC) to detect flow-through single cells and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to monitor immobilized single cells. Then, recent advances of both electrical impedance sensing systems applied in cell recognition, cell counting, viability detection, phenotypic assay, cell screening, and other cell detection are presented. Finally, prospects of impedance sensing technology in single-cell analysis are discussed.

Landscape design of “Tanjung Budaya Pemuteran” coast area based on landscape engineering

“Tanjung Budaya Pemuteran” is a place of coastal tourism and alternative tourism based on community culture in Pemuteran Village, Bali. The landscape characteristic and inherent local wisdom make this bay is a unique place. Gebug ende is the native rain harvesting ritual of Pemuteran society, which can be suggestive evidence. Currently, Tanjung Budaya Pemuteran landscapes not suitable to support the site function. This research aims to identify the existing landscape to make Tanjung Budaya Pemuteran use optimally without disregarding inherent local wisdom. Landscape analysis spatial with the quantitative and qualitative approach used to know the potential and constraint. The landscape engineering approach is used to measure the volume of rainwater to optimize the result of Gebug ende rain harvesting. The basic concept of this landscape design is named “Identities of Pemuteran”. Design concept generated through the transformation of Gebug ende. The block plan becomes a schematic design product that consists of a welcome area, a culture tourism area, a recreation area, and a service area. Each area is connected by primer and secondary circulation. Plants on-site are regulated based on vegetation groups of Barrington, Pes caprae, Mangroves, and existing. Visuals on the site are also arranged according to the design plan. The landscape engineering method produced the construction of a rainwater harvester with a volume of 10 m3. Site plan interpretations are explained in more detail through the site section, design details, and some illustrations.

The landscape design of Karawang Islamic center based on Islamic garden

Karawang is the capital as well as the town center of Karawang Regency. As the capital and the town center, it requires public spaces with functional and aesthetic values that reflect and accommodate the town's social characteristics. As a city where most of the population is Muslim, it requires adequate space for worship and public space. The local government can develop the worship and public space from the existing Islamic Center in the township. Islamic Center Karawang is an Islamic Center that has long been built and is located in the township of Karawang. The Islamic Center Karawang consists of a collection of supporting buildings in various fields and the landscape itself. The landscape at the Islamic Center Karawang requires a good landscape design to accommodate visitors' needs and has a good aesthetic value. This study aims to identify the landscape's character at the Islamic Center Karawang, analyze the potential and constraints on the Islamic Center Karawang landscape, and design the landscape of the Islamic Center Karawang. The concept of Islamic garden is adopted from depicting the beauty of heaven in the Quran to a landscape character. The method used in this research is the method of field activities, which includes direct site surveys, interviews with stakeholders and visitors, and filling out questionnaires to visitors. This study's results are in concept diagrams, schematic designs, and Islamic Center Karawang designs. Concept diagrams include basic concepts, design concepts, and development concepts. The schematic design consists of a block plan and a phased scenario. The design output of the Islamic Center Karawang includes site plan, planting plan, section, detail, and design illustrations. The result is the design of a garden that can be enjoyed optimally by the five senses of humans. It can influence humans and definite sharia rules or boundaries regarding elements, characters, and activities in an Islamic garden.

Penerapan Arsitektur Morphosis pada Game Center Di Kota Kendari

One of the advances in entertainment facilities and facilitation in the city of Kendari is progress in the internet (virtual world) and in the field of games. This can be seen with the emergence of various entertainment facilities that are engaged in internet cafes (internet cafes) and games. Game Center in Kendari with the Morphosis Architecture Approach is the process of making a container or place that is centered to provide entertainment about the development of games in Kendari City with the process of forming an innovative, iconic building and friendly to the urban environment. The basic concept of Game Center planning and design in Kendari City through interior and exterior structuring with an emphasis on innovative studies iconic buildings and friendly to the urban environment as a goal of the Game Center with the concept of Morphosis Architecture. Game Center Planning in Kendari with the Morphosis Architecture approach must be used in accordance with the functions outlined in the design reference so that it can have a positive impact both for the building manager, the government, the drafting of further references and the wider community.

Penerapan Arsitektur Tropis pada Rest Area di Katoi Kabupaten Kolaka Utara

Rest area in Katoi North Kolaka Regency is a stopover / resting place. Designing a rest area that can adequate the needs of road users who travel far, with the aim as a means of accommodation that can meet the needs. When resting and can be a means of recreation for rest areausers. The approach method used in this research is a descriptive analysis method, namely by collecting, describing, compiling and analyzing data so that a planning and design program approach is obtained for further use in the preparation of space programs and the basic concepts of planning and design. Discussion produces a concept of design reference, namely macro concept, and micro concept. Macro concepts discuss references in determining location, managing site / site, circulation, basic shape and appearance of buildings, and the arrangement of outdoor spaces. While the micro concept discusses the reference on the needs that can support functions in the building, including facilities and infrastructure in the rest areabuilding. With the planning and design of rest areas, it is expected to be an adequate facility for Trans Sulawesi road as a means of accommodation for road users, so as to reduce the accident rate. The application of tropical architectural themes in rest areas is expected to overcome the problems posed by the climate. Tropical architecture can provide solutions to buildings through natural lighting and natural conditioning, so that comfort can be felt for its users.

A Bioinspired Stress-Response Strategy for High-Speed Soft Grippers.

The stress‐response strategy is one of the nature's greatest developments, enabling animals and plants to respond quickly to environmental stimuli. One example is the stress‐response strategy of the Venus flytrap, which enables such a delicate plant to perceive and prey on insects at an imperceptible speed by their soft terminal lobes. Here, inspired by this unique stress‐response strategy, a soft gripper that aims at the challenges of high‐speed dynamic grasping tasks is presented. The gripper, called high‐speed soft gripper (HSG), is based on two basic design concepts. One is a snap‐through instability that enables the HSG to sense the mechanical stimuli and actuating instantly. The other one is the spider‐inspired pneumatic‐powered control system that makes the trigger process repeatable and controllable. Utilizing the stress‐response strategy, the HSG can accomplish high‐speed sensing and grasping and handle a dynamic grasping task like catching a thrown baseball. Whereas soft machines typically exhibit slow locomotion speed and low manipulation strength for the intrinsic limitations of soft materials, the exploration of the stress‐response strategy in this study can help pave the way for designing a new generation of practical high‐speed soft robots.

Design of a planar hyper-redundant lockable mechanism for shape morphing using a centralized actuation method

This work presents a type of kinematically hyper-redundant manipulators, namely serial-parallel manipulators (S-PMs), for shape morphing control. The proposed S-PMs use a centralized actuation method to significantly reduce the number of actuators. The basic design concept is to use flexible limbs to actuate a serial manipulator made of passively lockable rigid parallel manipulator (PM) modules of 3-DOFs. To implement shape morphing control, a shape parametric method is proposed to establish a relationship between a morphing shape and the DOFs of the S-PMs, based on which the kinematics of this hybrid manipulator is derived. The proposed method is applied to design and control a morphing airfoil wing with specific structure and motion requirements. The achieved results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Seismic Performance of Precast Slab to Beam Connection: An Overview

Precast construction is common across the world, but in India the level of acceptance is less, although it offers several benefits compared to the cast-in-place construction. Adopting a suitable connection for pre-cast elements is very important in providing the over-all robustness to the structure. Among all precast connections, the precast slab to beam connection is considered a vital one as the horizontal load is trans-ferred to the vertical load resisting structural elements by the diaphragm action. This article mainly focuses on the seismic performance of the precast slab to beam connections with an experimental evaluation of the basic concepts of design and detailing of the con-nections. This overview will pave way to refine work on the slab to beam connections in future research.

Research on Artificial Intelligence Interaction in Computer-Aided Arts and Crafts

Background. With the continuous maturity of computer software and hardware technology, the theory and method of computer-aided art design have developed rapidly. Objective. Applying artificial intelligence theory to computer-aided process art design is one of the newly developed research hotspots, and it is also the development trend of industrial design modernization. Methods. On the one hand, it can transplant the research results in the field of artificial intelligence into computer-aided art design, and on the other hand, it expands the application field of artificial intelligence, so that the two can be perfectly combined to promote common development. Results. With the development of artificial intelligence technology, computer art has gradually become a very active field, and a large number of computer art works are available every year. Conclusions. This paper briefly describes the basic concepts of computer-aided art design and artificial intelligence and discusses the application of artificial intelligence in computer-aided art design.

Fundamental Statistical Concepts in Clinical Trials and Diagnostic Testing.

This article explores basic statistical concepts of clinical trial design and diagnostic testing, or how one starts with a question, formulates it into a hypothesis on which a clinical trial is then built, and integrates it with statistics and probability, such as determining the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true (type I error) and the probability of failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false (type II error). There are a variety of tests for different types of data, and the appropriate test must be chosen for which the sample data meet the assumptions. Correcting type I error in the presence of multiple testing is needed to control the error's inflation. Within diagnostic testing, identifying false-positive and false-negative results is critical to understanding the performance of a test. These are used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of a test along with the test's negative predictive value and positive predictive value. These quantities, specifically sensitivity and specificity, are used to determine the accuracy of a diagnostic test using receiver-operating-characteristic curves. These concepts are briefly introduced to provide a basic understanding of clinical trial design and analysis, with references to allow the reader to explore various concepts at a more detailed level if desired.

Essentials in genomics

In this course we present a review of essential aspects for genomic studies and analysis. This course will guide you through the basic concepts of design and analysis of next generation sequencing (NGS) experiments to study the genome of most organisms. We also present the general principles behind the most common analyses and bioinformatics tools used to genome annotation and gene prediction.

Developing a parallel distributed memory system of stories: A preliminary report

The author’s basic design concept of an artificial cognitive system is that story generation is an essential dimension of the mind. In this paper, a brief preliminary report on the development of a memory system is presented. The memory system is positioned as a partial system of a cognitive system. Its fundamental roles are to organize a world as a collection of stories and form the forces of generating stories. The memory system is designed as a parallel distributed system. In particular, each memory item—stories, events, concepts, and schemas—corresponds to an internal agent that operates automatically. These memory agents are dynamically organized in a network form through incorporating external simple narrative texts. This organizational process is performed via parallel distributed operations of connection formation and spreading activation among memory agents. The system is implemented in a proof-of-concept fashion. Several preliminary analyses of the system behavior are also presented.

Interactive Design of Intangible Cultural Heritage Based on Social Sharing —The Digital Revitalization of "Su Embroidery"

In this paper, based on the predicament and current situation of the communication of subembroider, combined with the characteristics of subembroider in Wu Region, a digital communication platform for the integration and display of Japanese-signed subembroider cultural information for mobile terminals is built. At the same time, it improved the basic design concept and process of the digital communication platform of Su Embroider, and put forward targeted digital content presentation for the digital communication of Su Embroider. I hope to make use of the social network in the digital age, broaden the path of inheritance and protection of Su Embroider, promote the unbounded sharing of Chinese intangible cultural heritage art, and provide reference for the related digital dissemination of traditional fine arts.

The Magic of Optics-An Overview of Recent Advanced Terahertz Diffractive Optical Elements.

Diffractive optical elements are well known for being not only flat but also lightweight, and are characterised by low attenuation. In different spectral ranges, they provide better efficiency than commonly used refractive lenses. An overview of the recently invented terahertz optical structures based on diffraction design is presented. The basic concepts of structure design together with various functioning of such elements are described. The methods for structure optimization are analysed and the new approach of using neural network is shown. The paper illustrates the variety of structures created by diffractive design and highlights optimization methods. Each structure has a particular complex transmittance that corresponds to the designed phase map. This precise control over the incident radiation phase changes is limited to the design wavelength. However, there are many ways to overcome this inconvenience allowing for broadband functioning.