Basic Consideration Research Articles

Basic Consideration for Facial Aging: Age-Related Changes of the Bony Orbit and Orbicularis Oculi Muscle in East Asians.

Age-related changes in the periocular areas are mainly caused by anatomic changes of the bony orbit and orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM). To achieve effective rejuvenation, it is necessary to understand the age-related aspects of these anatomic changes. The aim of this study was to analyze the configuration of the bony orbit and OOM with computed tomography (CT) and to evaluate the effects of aging on these structures. A total of 220 orbits and OOMs of 110 Japanese participants (55 males, 55 females) aged 20 to 87 years were enrolled. The long diameter of the orbits, orbital ellipticity, OOM thickness, and OOM attachment to the inferior orbital rim were analyzed. These variables were statistically evaluated for their relationship with age. The long diameter of the orbit was significantly longer in those over than in those under 60 years, with a moderate and significant positive correlation between orbital ellipticity and age. OOM thickness and age showed a strong negative correlation. The degree of OOM attachment to the inferior orbital rim decreased significantly with age. This study showed that age-related changes of the bony orbit in Japanese individuals tended to be the same as those in Caucasians, but there were differences in the degree of changes observed. As a new finding in the Japanese population, the OOM not only thins with aging, but also gradually loosens from the facial bone. In the elderly, only the nasal side of the OOM was attached to the bone. In clinical applications, this knowledge could contribute to the development of cosmetic surgeries.

Geographical region and exterior characteristics analysis of Bligon goat for livestock development based on landform aspect (a case study of Bantul district, Special Region of Yogyakarta)

In Indonesia, livestock have an important role in development and progress of the agricultural sector. Especially in Bantul District, Special Region of Yogyakarta, with the highest population of livestock, this region was dominated by Bligon goat. This study was conducted to analyse potential of geographical region with the existence of Bligons goat based on biophysical aspect. The landform and agroecological approach were used in order to know the correlation between Bligon goat characteristics and its environment. Field survey and descriptive analysis using a geographic information system (GIS) were also implemented for spatial analysis purposes, whereas qualitative data were analysed based on distribution of frequencies and values of mean and standard deviation for observed characteristics. The different landform represented by altitude with each specific agroecological region affected different qualitative and quantitative exterior characteristics of Bligon goats involving head’s hair colour, body’s hair colour, crest colour, messy colour, ears shape, and body shape. This information can then be used as basic consideration for livestock spatial development especially Bligon goats including management of genetic resource for Bligon goats.

The conversion of buildings to housing use: England’s permitted development rights in comparative perspective

Faced with acute housing crises, some governments are inclined to strip away the ‘bureaucracy’ of planning, relaxing rules on the scrutiny of planning applications and seeking to accelerate the building of new homes. The planning that remains becomes a ‘client service’ for the development industry – a system of housing licensing that follows on from a basic consideration of legal compliance. Such a system has been introduced in England, rooted in the extension of permitted development rights (PDR) for office-to-residential conversions. This article examines the determinants of housing quality through the conversion process, comparing the deregulated approach to conversion in England with Italy’s regulated approach, set within its zonal planning system. The conclusion drawn, after the examination of case studies, is that good quality housing cannot be delivered from the conversion of buildings without either the retention of strong case-by-case planning control or a much more detailed prescriptive approach to housing standards, which would have halted the majority of recent office-to-residential conversions in England.

Basic principle and good practices of rheology for polymers for teachers and beginners

AbstractWe present a basic principle and good practices of the rheology of polymers, particularly for teachers or lecturers at colleges or universities for educational purposes, as well as for beginner researchers who may refer to this article as their self-learning resources. Basic consideration of the experimental methods using parallel-plate oscillatory rheometer and step-by-step guidelines for the estimation of the power law dependence of storage,G′ and loss,G″ modulus as well as the estimation of the relaxation time atf cross G′−G′′${f}_{\,\mathrm{cross}}^{\,{G}^{\prime }-{G}^{\prime \prime }}$at terminal zone using various approaches such as commercial graphical software, manual graphical approach and commercial rheometer software are highlighted. Good practices for data interpretation using different approaches are described and compared where the outcomes revealed the manual graphical approach or commercial graphical software yield comparable results with the commercial rheometer software. In order to have better insight, several examples and exercises which are applicable for teaching and self-learning activities are also provided.

ANALYSIS OF JUDGE’S DECISION RELATED TO THE TRANSFER OF LAND RIGHTS FOR FOREIGN NATIONALS BASED ON TESTAMENT

This study aims to analyze the judge’s decision related to the transfer of Land Rights for Foreign Nationals based on testament of Supreme Court Decision Number 1134K/Pdt/2009. Research questions on this study are based on problematical publishing freehold title based on testament, incidentally between Testator and Testament Recipient at that time both of them is Foreign Nationals has broken the Law Number 5 of 1960 on Basic Agrarian Law Act. This research is normative-descriptive using library research to collect relevant source, such as books, magazines, scientific writing, and others to support the writer’s argument on the issue. The findings revealed that someone can acquire basic consideration of Supreme Court Decision and legal analysis about giving a decision of Supreme Court Decision number 1134K/Pdt/2009. Thus, in the case of Decision No. 1134K/Pdt/2009, the process of transferring ownership of Freehold Title is due to sporadic land registration beginning with the approval of the Head of the Environment, Lurah, and Camat, as well as land owners who are on the right, left, front, and back of the disputed object, so Freehold Title against the object of dispute may be issued on behalf of the Defendant, which is issued by the Land Office. Hence, the parties involved in the intermittent registration, including the Land Office, should be sued, not the Defendant.

Final and Binding Essence on Constitutional Court’s Judgment in Judicial Review

Mahkamah Konstitusi, has specific characters, one of the typical characters is the final and binding judgement. The reality is many judgements of the constitutional court are not complied with and tend to be ignored by the legislature. Then the petitioner who feel that their constitutional rights have been violated do not have instruments to fight for their constitutional rights that have been violated by the legislators. Based on the statement above, there are problems which is studied, what underlying the basic consideration of the formation of Constitutional Court in Indonesia? And what is the essence of the final and binding of Constitutional Court’s judgements? The aim of this study is to determine and comprehend the essence contained in final and binding nature of the Constitutional Court’s judgements, especially in judicial review of UUD 1945. The method of law study used was normative law research method which is law research from internal perspective with the object of the study was law norms. It can be concluded that the basic rationale of MK formation in Indonesia, from political side, the existence of MK is required to balancing the legislators’ power. From the law side, the existance of MK is the consequence from the change of MPR supremacy become constitution supremacy. The essence of final and binding Constitutional Court’s judgement is the stand- alone judgments, so that the judgement cannot be taken by legal action. Constitutional Court judgement is erga omnes which means binding on other parties, including state administrator.

Peran Modal Sosial Dalam Program Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Di Kelurahan Betet Kecamatan Pesantren Kota Kediri

So far an approach in overcoming poverty, both at the national, regional and local, generally is with a purely economic approach. The problem of poverty seems to be simply understood as a problem of lack of income, so that the prevention programs which are carried out especially by the government focus only on the provision of assistance in the field of capital, the provision of subsidies, aid equipment and the like. This paper uses the form of social capital theory to understand, map out and promote poverty reduction by optimally utilizing social capital in the community. By utilizing social capital theory of Bourdieu, Coleman and Putnam, this research takes place in the Betet Village, Pesantren, Kediri City as the unit of analysis. The basic consideration of the location chosen is that Betet village is one of village areas in Kediri which implements poverty reduction programs since 2009 until now. The result shows that the poverty reduction in Betet village is implemented through a series of stages called PNPM Mandiri Urban cycle; it is started with a reflection of poverty, self power-mapping, determination of a medium-term program of poverty reduction programs. The characteristics of social capital of Betet Village community has grown and developed far before the PNPM program is implemented. The characteristics of social capital includes trust, links that has formed, values and norms that are awakened, participation and pro-active action. The existence of social capital contributes positively to their poverty reduction programs that emphasize community participation in various activities.

Нүүрсэн дэх байгалийн цацраг идэвхт изотопуудын зөвшөөрөгдөх хэмжээг тогтоох асуудалд

This paper provides a basic consideration of concepts and mathematical model for setting limints of natural radioactive isotopes in coal, using national safety standards.

DC 모터 속도 제어시스템을 위한 내부모델 원리 기반 제어기와 외란 관측기 기반 제어기의 등가 조건

Asymptotic tracking of a reference model and nonlinear disturbance rejection are two of the most important attributes of an effective control system. A DOB-based controller, which is designed based on an augmented system model including the disturbance dynamics, relies mainly on the disturbance estimation to provide robust reference tracking performance. While IMP-based controller design technique achieves the same result by including a dynamic model of the reference and disturbance in the control system model. However, the similarity of these two control techniques extends beyond basic design consideration. This paper presents an analytical study that reaches an equivalent condition between the two classes of controllers for a DC motor speed control problem. Based on the obtained condition, it is proposed that the DOB-based controller can be designed such that it shows the same performance as the IMP-based controller. This has been further verified through a simulation which shows the same robust performance in both cases.

Perforator and Perforator Flap Spinoffs: A Historical Journey.

The concept of the perforator has now become a fundamental topic well known in every training program. However, that has not always been so. The mere definition of the word has historically been argued relentlessly; nevertheless, its major derivative, the perforator flap, has become accepted as a basic consideration whenever flaps need be selected. However, this has not been the only spinoff derived from the author's investigations of the perforator, a point that should be stressed in addition to some reiterations of pertinent and perhaps confusing nomenclature that deserve to be reemphasized. Truly, it has been amazing to see how our ideas and innovations arise simultaneously and independently throughout the world of reconstructive surgery. A final plea is made to sustain the future-each of us must continue to contribute our passion and our knowledge to all others by means of that technology now globally so instantaneously available.

Inappropriate Academic Collocation on Students’ Basic Consideration in Undergraduate Thesis

Composing good basic consideration reflects great quality of writing and establishes effective communication by using academic collocation. Indeed, EFL students use inappropriate academic collocation that leads to unnatural meaning on basic consideration in undergraduate thesis. Once this phenomenon occurs, this research is conducted to describe how types of academic collocation that used inappropriately on students’ basic consideration in undergraduate thesis. This research employed descriptive qualitative method which in data is well selected fromeight basic considerations in undergraduate thesis of English Department students. The research result showed that 28 data were regarded as inappropriate collocation. These data showed that combination of verb + noun, adjective + noun, adverb + verb past participle, adverb + verb, verb + adverb, and adverb + adjective was used inappropriately. Therefore, this research result is expected to broaden lexical knowledge of the usage of academic collocation to students and present students’ academic writing difficulties to lecturers in order to encourage further improvement in English teaching.

Developing a Smart Integrated System for the Effective Prediction and Diagnosis of Varicose Disease and their Treatment

The vein that transfers the deoxygenated blood gets knob and thick because of a valve twist, which becomes varicose veins. These are most normal in the legs. These varicose veins are brought about by harmed or feeble valves of veins that veneer to the variety of blood in the vein, which expands the tension and causes nightmares. A large portion of the varicose vein treatment is by obtrusive techniques like a medical procedure, laser treatment, RF endogenous treatment and sclerotherapy. In any medical procedure, the significant primary perspective is the addition of an intravenous (IV) catheter. The serious issue looked at by the doctors is dangers in getting to veins for IV medication or taking blood for tests, if kids, grown-ups, basic consideration patients and so on. It is a truly challenging chore. Pointless penetrating of veins happens because of unfortunate perceivability. Wrong penetrating may prompt issues like imperfections or super durable harm to the vein. To tackle these issues, there is a requirement for a vein divulgence system. We propose a sensor that involves wearable socks-based painless diagnostic & helpful answers for varicose veins using warm and vibration treatment. Since it is a harmless technique, it gives modern patient help from their aggravation without torment with IoT-based indicative and refreshing structures.

Analysis of Judges’ Considerations in Deciding Child Care Case Against Apostate Wife

The study focuses on analysis of the judge’s consideration in deciding the case of child care against the wife who converted to religion other than Islam. The study is a descriptive research by nature. It employs different data collection techniques while adopting qualitative approach in its data analysis. The setting of the study is at Parigi Religious Court. The findings of the study show that The judges have paid attention to the juridical, philosophical and sociological aspects that reflect the principles of legal certainty, justice and expediency in giving decisions. In addition, the judge’s basic consideration in granting the divorce suit was based on the assumption that if in a conflicting household atmosphere, according to the judge, divorce was the best solution to avoid greater harm on the grounds that the purpose of marriage was to realize harmonious family.

Conceptual Design and Analysis of Pipe Climbing Robot

Robotics is one of the most emerging technologies in the current scenario. In this fast-growing technological world automation through robotics finds its place in almost all the fields. Climbing robots became more popular due to their versatile applications like inspection of tall buildings, tanks, structures, facade cleaning, fruits harvesting on tall trees (coconut) and many more. It became most adaptive as working on height may lead to dangerous incidents for human beings. Operations like visual inspection, crack detection of tall structures and pipes can be made possible with specially designed pipe climber robot. It finds its applications where human cannot reach, like hazardous applications. Specially design robots for a specific application also performs well with precision. This paper presents the novel design and analysis of pipe climbing robot for Chemical plant pipeline fault and leakage detection purpose. Design of all components of the robot is done with the basic mathematical consideration and then its analysis is carried out using FEA tools and MATLAB. Results of Forward and Inverse kinematic analysis of robot are obtained for certain specific points of trajectory. Dynamic analysis has been performed for motor selection and torque calculation. Presented conceptual design and analysis can be useful for pipe inspection purpose.

DETERMINATION OF PLANTING PATTERN BASED ON WATER BALANCE ANALYSIS FOR FARMING PLANNING AT DRYLANDS IN THE TROPIC (A CASE STUDY IN GUNUNG MAS DISTRICT, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN PROVINCE, INDONESIA)

The existence of water as a crop growth requirement is a prerequisite in tropical drylands. In addition, water balance, as an important part of climate change, is needed to be accessed under certain conditions. This study aimed to observe water availability and analyze water balance at drylands for farming planning purposes. The results of this study were then required to determine planting patterns and farming planning in the tropics, in which information related to hydrology is still lack. The Thornthwaite-Mather method approach was used in this study to analyze water balance in areas observed and. Because of its simplicity, this method can also be applied to areas with limited data. The water balance analysis that provides the information on water availability can be used as basic consideration for farming planning, especially at drylands in which water availability is a critical factor for farming activities. In tropical drylands, the cropping pattern of food crops – secondary crops – fallow – horticulture crops can be proposed within farming planning. Maize as a food crop can be planted for the early planting period in January, in which it can be harvested at the age of 80 days around March. In the following month, secondary crops such as soybeans can be planted and harvested at 135 days. Fallow periods during August and September, the lands cannot be optimally used because of water deficit. Entering the beginning of October, the land can be cultivated and prepared for the next crop, eggplant, as horticultural crops, harvested at 135 days in early February.

Antidiabetic Potential of Methanol Extract of Flamboyant (Delonix regia) Flowers

Providing scientific evidences for the medicinal benefits and possible toxic effects of the flamboyant flowers (Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.) are very important to implementing the medicinal plant in this modern era. This study aimed to investigate antidiabetic potential of methanol extract of flamboyant flowers using a completely random design. Twenty-four male rats were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups with 4 replications: healthy rats (normal control, P1), diabetic rats treated with flamboyant flower extract of 0 (negative control, P2), 100 (P3), 200 (P4), and 400 mg/kg BW (P5), and rats which were induced by 0.45 mg/kg BW of Glibenclamide (positive control, P6). Diabetic condition was achieved by a single injection of alloxan 150 mg/kg BW. Treatments were given once a day for 14 days. On day 0, 3 and 18 blood samples were withdrawn from rats’ orbital vein for glucose measurement. All rats were sacrificed for liver, gastrocnemius muscles and pancreatic tissues collection. The liver and gastrocnemius muscle were subjected for glycogen measurement whereas pancreatic tissues were processed for histological examinations. Data was analyzed by ANOVA and followed by Duncan test. The results showed that flamboyant flowers extracts significantly (p<0.05) reduced blood glucose as well as degeneration and necrosis of pancreatic β cells. Optimal dose to decrease blood glucose and pancreatic cell degeneration was 200 mg/kg BW; whereas optimum dose to decrease pancreatic cell necrosis was 400 mg/kg BW. In conclusion, flamboyant flower extract can reduce blood glucose in rats. This is the first that shows antidiabetic potential of local Flamboyant flower extracts along its toxicity effect to pancreatic tissues. These information could become a basic consideration for the use of the plant extracts as a candidate to cure patients with diabetic problems.

Developing French Coursook for Hospitality Students Based on Needs Analysis

Abstract. Falling into the language for specific purposes area of study, French-language training for hospitality students ideally offers learning materials needed for developing students’ specific language skills in their particular area of specialization. A comprehensive needs analysis then plays a central role in order to design coursebook materials meeting such language skills demands. Therefore, this study was aimed to develop a French-language coursebook with a basic consideration taken from the need analysis process. The framework of this study was Research and Development (R&D) by adopting the Dick & Carey procedures. There were five main procedures, i.e. analyzing the students’ needs, planning (drafting course grid), drafting the coursebook, expert judgment, and revising the coursebook. This research employed two instruments, i.e. questionnaires (for collecting the students’ needs in a need analysis step) and experts’ rubrics (for experts’ judgments). The first step of this study was conducting a needs analysis (NA, hereafter) involving 120 respondents chosen purposively. The data collected through NA questionnaires were analyzed descriptively. The data from NA were used to design the coursebook. Considering the result of experts’ judgments regarding the appropriateness of the content, the appropriateness of language, the appropriateness of materials presented, and the appropriateness of layout presentation, the hospitality coursebook developed is examined as a viable coursebook.Keywords: Needs Analysis, Coursebook, Material Development, French for Specific Purposes, Hospitality

Accessibility of primary healthcare in low and middle income countries: a systematic review

Background: Accessibility to healthcare is the capability of a population to obtain a specified set of healthcare services. There is a direct link between the distance patients travel to access health and the reduction of ill health and suffering in a country. This has an important impact on the quality of life of people. Objective: To find the spatial or geographic determinants of accessibility of primary healthcare provision in low and middle income countries during last two decades. Methods: Systematic review was done according to PRISMA guidelines. Data bases used were Google scholar, PubMed and Science direct. We found ten different studies from eight different economic groups of countries. Accessibility of primary healthcare in low and middle Income countries published during the period of last two decades were included using the key words like Spatial Accessibility;Geographical Accessibility; Primary Health Care; Primary Care; Low and middle income countries. The countries included were Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Indonesia, Sudan, Mozambique /Rural Africa. Two studies each from India and Mozambique (Rural Africa) were included. The categorization as low and middle income counties was as per World Bank classification. Results: We found that accessibility to primary healthcare was worse in low income countries like Afghanistan, Mozambique and South Sudan where more than two third of the population lived in underserved or difficult to access areas while rest of the countries, which come under category of lower middle income countries, more than half of the population lived in underserved or difficult to access areas.] Conclusion: Health care ease of access is a single most important component for equitable and adequate health system. Guaranteeing a healthcare system which is easily accessible to the people is a basic consideration for public health policy makers, policy implementers and academicians.

Developing supplementary listening materials for vocational high school students using technology, education, and design (ted) online media

This study used an adapted the research and development designed by Hyland (2003) (1), which consisted of eight stages, namely(1) Need analysis, (2) Carrying Out Survey, (3) Developing the Product, (4) Experts Validation, (5) Revision I, (6) Product Try Out, (7) Revision II, and (8) Final Product. The instruments used in the need analysis were a questionnaire, an interview guide, and a classroom observation sheet. The students’ data were calculated in percentages, and those from the teacher interview and classroom observation were described qualitatively. The data from the need analysiswere used as a basic consideration for material development. The story of ”Golden Cucumber” was chosen based on the result of need analysis which most of the students did not know about the ”Golden Cucumber” story because moreover, they like to read foreign folktales. From the”Golden Cucumber” story,the students can learn to keep survive when they meet problems and not give up. Questionnaires were provided for the validation of language and the validation of the media. The result of these questionnaires was used to revise the product before the try-out. Some revisions are based on the expert’s validation stage, such as grammatical errors in the narration of the story, worksheet, and unsuitable between text with some pictures. The expert and teacher data were analysed qualitatively, while data from the try-out were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The try-out was conducted once on Thursday, 9 October 2020. It was carried out in Class X Networking 4 that consisted of thirty-nine students. The result from the questionnaires showed that the students liked the video animation and could answer the questions. That been showed with the average score of all the students was 86.6. They were interested in watching the video animation entitled Golden Cucumber. The data obtained from the questionnaires also showed that 55% of students said that the media really helped them, and 45% of students said that the video animation quite helped them to understand the story and answer the questions.

SOX9 Knockdown-Mediated FOXO3 Downregulation Confers Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Brain Injury.

BackgroundEvidence exists uncovering that SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) plays a role in ischemic brain injury (IBI). Thus, the current study was conducted to elucidate the specific role of SOX9 and the mechanism by which SOX9 influenced IBI.MethodsThe IBI-associated regulatory factors were searched by bioinformatics analysis. The rat model of IBI was generated using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) treatment. Neuronal cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The expressions of SOX9, forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), transcription of Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain 2 (CITED2), and IκB kinase α (IKKα) in OGD-treated neuronal cells were characterized using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. The interaction among CITED2, IKKα, and FOXO3 was identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter gene assays. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to verify the relationship among SOX9, FOXO3, CITED2, and IKKα and to investigate their functional effects on apoptosis and the inflammatory response of OGD-treated neuronal cells as well as neurological deficit and infarct area of the rat brain.ResultsSOX9, FOXO3, CITED2, and IKKα were highly expressed in OGD-treated neuronal cells. Silencing of SOX9 inhibited OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory response and reduced the neurological deficit and infarct area of the brain in the rats, which were caused by MCAO but were reversed by overexpressing FOXO3, CITED2, or IKKα.ConclusionTaken together, our study suggested that upregulation of SOX9 promoted IBI though upregulation of the FOXO3/CITED2/IKKα axis, highlighting a basic therapeutic consideration for IBI treatment.