Basic Consideration Research Articles

Accessibility of primary healthcare in low and middle income countries: a systematic review

Background: Accessibility to healthcare is the capability of a population to obtain a specified set of healthcare services. There is a direct link between the distance patients travel to access health and the reduction of ill health and suffering in a country. This has an important impact on the quality of life of people. Objective: To find the spatial or geographic determinants of accessibility of primary healthcare provision in low and middle income countries during last two decades. Methods: Systematic review was done according to PRISMA guidelines. Data bases used were Google scholar, PubMed and Science direct. We found ten different studies from eight different economic groups of countries. Accessibility of primary healthcare in low and middle Income countries published during the period of last two decades were included using the key words like Spatial Accessibility;Geographical Accessibility; Primary Health Care; Primary Care; Low and middle income countries. The countries included were Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Indonesia, Sudan, Mozambique /Rural Africa. Two studies each from India and Mozambique (Rural Africa) were included. The categorization as low and middle income counties was as per World Bank classification. Results: We found that accessibility to primary healthcare was worse in low income countries like Afghanistan, Mozambique and South Sudan where more than two third of the population lived in underserved or difficult to access areas while rest of the countries, which come under category of lower middle income countries, more than half of the population lived in underserved or difficult to access areas.] Conclusion: Health care ease of access is a single most important component for equitable and adequate health system. Guaranteeing a healthcare system which is easily accessible to the people is a basic consideration for public health policy makers, policy implementers and academicians.

Developing supplementary listening materials for vocational high school students using technology, education, and design (ted) online media

This study used an adapted the research and development designed by Hyland (2003) (1), which consisted of eight stages, namely(1) Need analysis, (2) Carrying Out Survey, (3) Developing the Product, (4) Experts Validation, (5) Revision I, (6) Product Try Out, (7) Revision II, and (8) Final Product. The instruments used in the need analysis were a questionnaire, an interview guide, and a classroom observation sheet. The students’ data were calculated in percentages, and those from the teacher interview and classroom observation were described qualitatively. The data from the need analysiswere used as a basic consideration for material development. The story of ”Golden Cucumber” was chosen based on the result of need analysis which most of the students did not know about the ”Golden Cucumber” story because moreover, they like to read foreign folktales. From the”Golden Cucumber” story,the students can learn to keep survive when they meet problems and not give up. Questionnaires were provided for the validation of language and the validation of the media. The result of these questionnaires was used to revise the product before the try-out. Some revisions are based on the expert’s validation stage, such as grammatical errors in the narration of the story, worksheet, and unsuitable between text with some pictures. The expert and teacher data were analysed qualitatively, while data from the try-out were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The try-out was conducted once on Thursday, 9 October 2020. It was carried out in Class X Networking 4 that consisted of thirty-nine students. The result from the questionnaires showed that the students liked the video animation and could answer the questions. That been showed with the average score of all the students was 86.6. They were interested in watching the video animation entitled Golden Cucumber. The data obtained from the questionnaires also showed that 55% of students said that the media really helped them, and 45% of students said that the video animation quite helped them to understand the story and answer the questions.

SOX9 Knockdown-Mediated FOXO3 Downregulation Confers Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Brain Injury.

BackgroundEvidence exists uncovering that SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) plays a role in ischemic brain injury (IBI). Thus, the current study was conducted to elucidate the specific role of SOX9 and the mechanism by which SOX9 influenced IBI.MethodsThe IBI-associated regulatory factors were searched by bioinformatics analysis. The rat model of IBI was generated using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) treatment. Neuronal cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The expressions of SOX9, forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), transcription of Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain 2 (CITED2), and IκB kinase α (IKKα) in OGD-treated neuronal cells were characterized using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. The interaction among CITED2, IKKα, and FOXO3 was identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter gene assays. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to verify the relationship among SOX9, FOXO3, CITED2, and IKKα and to investigate their functional effects on apoptosis and the inflammatory response of OGD-treated neuronal cells as well as neurological deficit and infarct area of the rat brain.ResultsSOX9, FOXO3, CITED2, and IKKα were highly expressed in OGD-treated neuronal cells. Silencing of SOX9 inhibited OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory response and reduced the neurological deficit and infarct area of the brain in the rats, which were caused by MCAO but were reversed by overexpressing FOXO3, CITED2, or IKKα.ConclusionTaken together, our study suggested that upregulation of SOX9 promoted IBI though upregulation of the FOXO3/CITED2/IKKα axis, highlighting a basic therapeutic consideration for IBI treatment.

HDAC3 protects against atherosclerosis through inhibition of inflammation via the microRNA-19b/PPARγ/NF-κB axis

Background and aimsAtherosclerosis (AS) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular diseases. Studies have revealed critical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the progression of AS. This study was conducted to elucidate the role and mechanism by which miR-19b influences AS. MethodsHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), and an AS mouse model was generated with the help of ApoE−/− mice using a high-fat diet regimen. The expression patterns of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/p65, miR-19b and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) were then characterized by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. In addition, the relationship among PPARγ, NF-κB/p65, miR-19b and HDAC3 was evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were also performed to examine their functional significance on ox-LDL-induced inflammation in HUVECs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to determine the expression patterns of inflammatory factors in AS mice. ResultsPPARγ and HDAC3 were poorly expressed, while miR-19b and NF-κB/p65 were highly expressed in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs and arterial tissues of AS mice. PPARγ inhibited ox-LDL-induced inflammation in HUVECs by ubiquitination and degradation of NF-κB/p65. miR-19b, downregulated by HDAC3, targeted PPARγ and negatively-regulated its expression. Upregulated PPARγ or HDAC3 or downregulated miR-19b or NF-κB/p65 reduced TNF-α and IL-1β expression levels in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs and AS mice. ConclusionsCollectively, the results show that HDAC3 upregulation prevents inflammation to inhibit AS by inactivating NF-κB/p65 via upregulation of miR-19b-mediated PPARγ, providing a basic therapeutic consideration for AS treatment.

Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Guidelines on the Management of Critically Ill Adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Human contamination by the novel viral microbe SARS-CoV-2 outcomes in a clinical condition named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Albeit most of COVID-19 cases are self-restricting, a considerable minority of patients create sickness adequately extreme to require serious consideration. Highlights of basic ailment related with COVID-19 incorporate hypoxemic respiratory disappointment, intense respiratory misery disorder (ARDS), stun, and different organ brokenness conditions (MODS).As Covid sickness 2019 (COVID-19) spreads across the world, the emergency unit local area should get ready for the difficulties related with this pandemic. Smoothing out of work processes for quick analysis and detachment, clinical administration, and contamination avoidance will not be important just to patients with COVID-19, yet additionally to medical care laborers and different patients who are in danger from nosocomial transmission. The board of intense respiratory disappointment and haemodynamics is key ICU experts, emergency clinic overseers, governments, and strategy producers should plan for a considerable expansion in basic consideration bed limit, with an attention on framework and supplies, yet in addition on staff the executives. Basic consideration emergency to permit the apportioning of scant ICU assets may be needed.ICU specialists, clinic heads, governments, and strategy creators should get ready for a significant expansion in basic consideration bed limit, with an attention on foundation and supplies, yet in addition on staff the executives.

Basic Consideration of Voice Coil Type Multiple-Degree-of-Freedom Actuator

Basic Consideration of Voice Coil Type Multiple-Degree-of-Freedom Actuator

Developing Integrated Web-based Information System for Land Resources to Support Agricultural Land-use Planning (A Case Study of the Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia)

Land use planning is an important topic in the view of spatial land management. One of the significant elements that should be taken into account for land use planning includes the availability of land resource information/data. Well-organized data was then required for planning. In the Gunung Mas regency case, the data was available, but it has not been organized properly for land use planning. Land resources information systems should then be developed for planning purposes such as plan formulation and decision making. The objective of this study was to organize land resources information making the information system integrated within a web-based GIS. The general procedure involved data collection and compilation to be organized into a database system. The information system of land resources integrated into web-based GIS can provide a database system. This system can represent graphical systemic spatial or coordinate information in the form of digital maps. Furthermore, the web-based GIS practically facilitates various database operations such as querying, analyzing, and displaying based on location geographically. It can be accessed anytime and anywhere by the planner and decision-maker. The database system integrated into land units can then be used as basic consideration and analysis for land evaluation and the land-use planning process.

Pengaruh Metode Chain Writing terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar

This study aimed to find out the effect of the implementation of the Chain Writing method on writing skills of grade V SDN Cisasah in learning to developing main ideas. This was a quantitative research with quasi experimental design. The basic consideration for using this design was that learning takes place naturally and the results obtained could be used to measure the effect of a treatment in the characteristics of the subject. The subject of this study were students grade V who came from two groups of students, namely the experimental group (implementing the Chain Writing method) and the control group. The data were collected through test technique divided two part, namely pretest and. The analysis technique this study was t-test. Based on this research showed that: (1) there are differences in the ability to writing skills to develop main ideas between students from experimental group with control group as evidence by the Sig. (2 tailed) is 0.00<0.05; and (2) there is an effect of implementing Chain Writing method for improving writing skills to developing the main ideas. Based on the mean value of the posttest results showed the experimental group is greater than the control group (83.70>57.90)

Buddhist Literature: A Cosmopolitan Philosophy

This article argues that literature of Buddha's philosophy has cosmopolitan nature. Buddhists do not believe in a personal creator God. In this sense, Buddhism is more than a religion; it is not centered only on the relationship between humans and a high God. Buddhism is a philosophical tradition that believes and centers on personal spiritual development. It is a humanistic way of life which can be understood as motivated to lead a moral life; it is also conscious of one's thoughts and actions as well as in developing wisdom and compassion. Both Buddhism and cosmopolitanism assert the dignity of every human being; these ideals aim at improving the condition of life. Philanthropy, empathy, and compassion can be considered as synonyms for Buddhism and cosmopolitanism. Service to fellow human beings is at the center for a cosmopolitan. When humans ascend the material concerns like pleasure and material desire, they are free to fulfill responsibilities to fellow human beings so that they can go up and beyond the close family members to all human beings, which is the philosophy of both Buddhism and cosmopolitanism. In both the Buddhist and cosmopolitan philosophy there is basic consideration of humanity. Buddhist social thought offers something to cosmopolitan ethics that cosmopolitanism’s desire to enhance ‘human interconnectedness’ is truly helpful to minimize the human sufferings. In this article, my goal is to explore and show Buddhism as a cosmopolitan philosophy.

SEMINAL BREAKTHROUGH IN TACTILE PICTOGRAM DESIGN FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED IN TRAIN STATION

One of the ideal public transportation facilities for the visually impaired in daily activities is trains. To be used at maximum, there is a need for communicative media to support the independence of orientation and mobility for the visually impaired in the train station. The media plays a role in supporting visually impaired individuals to know where they are, where to go, and how to reach the destination. The previous result regarding visually impaired ability to identify pictorial form which is designed with Primadi Tabrani’s ancient visual language semiotic approach shows a great opportunity for a pictogram to be the solution. However, the challenge is how to make the visually impaired person understand the meaning description that has been designed into tactile pictogram by touch. Basic consideration in designing process is the clarity of visual form when being touched, which is influenced by the way the shape is drawn and the tactile height

Commentary on: Basic Consideration for Facial Aging: Analyses of the Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System (SMAS) Based on Anatomy.

Commentary on: Basic Consideration for Facial Aging: Analyses of the Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System (SMAS) Based on Anatomy.

Recovery from corona virus 19

The extreme intense breathing disorder coronavirus 2 pandemic features phenomenal emergency care utilities. The gigantic number of coronavirus sickness (coronavirus) case in the US had brought about a huge populace of survivor with delayed after septic indications. The making of integrative present coronavirus facilities on location both diligent manifestations and potential long hau care requirement needed comprehension of the intense sickness and the awakening information with respect to coronavirus results. Involvement in serious, intense breathing disorder and mid breathing state, after-intense breathing trouble disorder intricacies, and after-escalated care state additionally adverses foreseen sequelae and clinical orientation plan. After-corona virus clinical projects should be set up to think about people recently hospital with coronavirus (counting the individuals who needed basic consideration to uphold), nonhospital people with determined breathing side effects following coronavirus, and people with previous lung infection confounded by a coronavirus. Viable integrative joint effort models influence caretaking picked up at the time of the beginning stages of the pandemic to beat the exceptional strategic emergency care requirement presented by pandemic states. A coordinated effort among doctors and analysts across orders will give understanding into outlastership that may shape the therapy of both intense sickness and ongoing emergency care requirement. In a survey, we examine the points, general standards, components of a plan, and emergency care requirement of a fruitful integrative model to address the needed menus of coronavirus outlasts. Coordinated efforts required by doctors and survivors to overcome the extreme intense situation. Recovery of outlasters depends upon coordinated efforts of doctors and survivors. Recovery from the coronavirus is a delayed course of action. Risk factors and comorbidities are equally prime.

ATCO radar training assessment and flight efficiency: the correlation between trainees’ scores and fuel consumption in real-time simulations

ABSTRACTAir traffic controller training is highly regulated but lacks prescribed common assessment criteria and methods to evaluate trainees at the level of basic training and consideration of how trainees in fluence flight efficiency. We investigated whether there is a correlation between two parameters, viz. the trainees’ assessment score and fuel consumption, obtained and calculated after real-time human-in-the-loop radar simulations within the ATCOSIMA project. Although basic training assessment standards emphasise safety indicators, it was expected that trainees with higher assessment scores would achieve better flight efficiency, i.e. less fuel consumption. However, the results showed that trainees’ assessment scores and fuel consumption did not correlate in the expected way, leading to several conclusions.

A review on quality by design

Quality by design (QbD) is an essential part of the modern advance to pharmaceutical quality. Quality has been given an importance by all regulatory body for pharmaceutical products. Quality means customer satisfaction in terms of service, products, and process. QbD is best key to build a quality in all pharmaceutical products. This paper gives idea about the Pharmaceutical Quality by Design (QbD) and describes use of Quality by Design to ensure quality of Pharmaceutical Analysis. Under this concepts of be throughout design and growth of product, it is important to identify desire product performance report Target product profile (TPP), Quality Target product profile (QTPP) and identify critical quality attributes (CQA). To recognize the impact of raw material critical material attributes (CAM), critical process parameters (CPP) on the CQAs and identification and control sources of changeability. USFDA launched a pilot programme in 2005 to permit participating firms a prospect to submit chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) of NDA information representing application of QbD. QbD has its perspectives to contribute the drug design, development, and manufacture of high-quality drug products. In the present review basic consideration of the QbD approach, its historical background, and regulatory needs are discussed. In detail explanation of elements of QbD i.e. method intent, design of experiment, and risk assessment is given. The foundation of Quality by Design is ICH Guidelines. It is based on the ICH Guidelines Q8 for pharmaceutical development, Q9 for quality risk management, Q10 for pharmaceutical quality systems. It also gives application of Quality by Design in pharmaceutical development and manufacturing of pharmaceuticals. Keywords: Quality by design, Critical Quality Attributes, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Design Of Experiment, Risk Assessment, Regulatory.

Basic Consideration for Facial Aging: Analyses of the Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System Based on Anatomy.

The superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is an important structure to understand for face-lift surgeries. However, the detailed distribution and imaging findings of the SMAS have not been established yet. The aim of this study was to establish the accurate distribution and computed tomography (CT) imaging findings of the SMAS based on cadaveric studies. This study was designed in a 3-step procedure. First, 7 cadaver faces were utilized to understand the distribution and histology of the SMAS. Second, the SMAS findings from the cadaveric studies were compared with the CT images. Third, CT images were enrolled for the SMAS interpretation. In 7 cadaveric studies, the SMAS was observed as a subcutaneous fibro-membranous structure extending from the galea aponeurotica to the platysma muscle and laterally connected to the parotid fascia. On the medial side, it also connects with major and minor zygomatic muscles. The SMAS consisted of muscular fibers, collagen fibers, and elastic fibers histologically. Eighteen CT images (all females; age range, 21-82 years) showed the thin linear structures corresponding to the fibro-membranous structures in the cadaveric studies. CT density of the SMAS was similar with that of the muscle, and the SMAS was recognizable in all 18 subjects. The SMAS is a definite anatomical structure that can be demonstrated as a thin membranous structure on CT. This clinical application could be applicable to the development the cosmetic surgical procedures.

Legal Protection on Franchise as Business Alternative Development

The growth of franchise has developed rapidly and demanded by the franchisee and franchisor, since this system containing a symbiosis mutualism where the parties are bound to each other and gain a lot of advantages. However, this systemarisesthe questions: what is the basic consideration for the franchisee before agree in the franchise agreement? What is the requirement which needs to be listed in the franchise agreement? What is the excellence of franchise as the business alternative for the franchisee?The research method of this article is legal research or also called doctrinal research which purposes to analyze the regulation on franchise business which is descriptive, this research using a conceptual/normative approach which is a research that collecting secondary data such as primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Before the parties entering a franchise agreement, the franchisee must be doing some survey on the feasibility of the franchise to know and analyzing where the result will become a consideration in the decision making for the franchisee. The franchisee should be paying attention to the criteria of the franchise if it is worth buying or as partner cooperation and take into account the criminal aspect on the franchise management.

The Concept of Functional Connectivity of Measurements of Geo-Informational Space of the Region

This article discusses the basics of the concept of the unique geo-informational space (UGIS) as an objective reality of the world around us. The main concepts of space, field, region, and territory that are relevant for this area of research, namely, as an informational space, are clarified. Taking into account the hierarchy and multidimensionality of information in general and the information space in particular, the scheme for its study as a System of Systems is proposed. At the same time, there are problems of functional connectivity of both individual multidimensional information objects of this space and functional connectivity of hierarchical layers, each of which will have its own unique features and interpretations of data, information and knowledge. For the formation of properties of problem-oriented cross-sections of UGIS and their relationships, when describing the processes of information exchange and mutual influence, a hexagonal lattice is proposed as a basic consideration. The algorithms for describing individual information objects and hierarchical layers based on functionally related hexagonal elements that allow the use of a modified apparatus of cellular automata, soft information models, and fuzzy logic are proposed. As an example, the so-called gravitational of the connectivity of the elements of the UGIS is used. The authors believe that such (or similar) nonlinear model is adequate to the information features that are characteristic of socio-economic processes and systems and can be applied at the level of regions and individual territories. The proposed variants of the soft model of UGIS in relation to the socio-economic problems of the region allow us to solve the problems of forecasting the dynamics of these processes and development. The approaches to the formation of the architecture of such a model and its implementation in the framework of a fuzzy knowledge base are discussed.

Structural perspective of remdesivir bound to RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 as a potential drug of COVID-19 : review

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This pandemic was defining global health crisis with more than 896,000 deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV2 is positive strand RNA virus. The RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) enzyme plays main role in SARS-CoV2 genome replication and its transcription gene. The RdRp is composed of subunit named as viral non-structural proteins 12 (nsp12) with two accessory subunits, named nsp8 and nsp7. There are many potential drug and therapeutic option have been tried for COVID-19 but none have yet been approved as efficacy drug for COVID-19. One of the most potential inhibitors for treatment of COVID-19 through nsp12 mechanism is remdesivir. Remdesivir as potential drug reported inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV2 with direct interaction to RdRp. Here we provide an explanation from a structural perspective based on previous research publication data taken from PUBMED and Protein Data Bank (PDB ID 6YYT for SARS-CoV-2 replicating polymerase, PDB ID 7BV1 for the apo RdRp complex, and PDB ID 7BV2 for the template RNA and remdesivir–bound RdRp complex). Remdesivir complexed with RdRp complex showed that half of RNA template interact in the core of the RdRp. In addition, remdesivir terminates elongation with interact with covalent bound to the primer strand with key residues K545, S682, R555, T687, D623, S759, N691, D760, and D761. This understanding will lead to deeper understanding of remdesivir works mechanism as a suppressor for SARS-CoV2 replication through RNA-polymerase inhibition. Structural determination helps us to understand how this potential drug works in the inhibition of elongation of RNA in the atomic level. Although remdesivir is still considered inefficient to be main antiviral for COVID-19, structural information of the complex will be able to become a basic consideration in developing future antiviral drugs.

Encouragement for pharmacy learners during the pandemic

May and June are typically transition months in the world of pharmacy education. May is when student pharmacists graduate, while June marks the month that residencies begin and end. During the pandemic, these transitions have not been put on hold—newly minted pharmacists and residents have stepped into the profession and have already made a difference in the lives of their patients. Although it feels like a foreign landscape for pharmacy learning, new practitioners have taken it in stride and are stepping up to the challenges presented to our health care system. In the New England Journal of Medicine blog “Insights in Residency Training,” Frances Ue, MD, MPH, recently penned an article applicable to new pharmacists and pharmacy residents. She offered up 10 tips to medicine learners, while remaining positive under the shadow of uncertainty this pandemic has cast on the world. Ue’s first advice is to stay curious. This is relevant not only to physicians and pharmacists, but also to everyone in their personal and professional lives. Curiosity spurs growth and learning, which is when life happens. Identify what you want to explore and then go do it, said Ue. This doesn’t necessarily mean making enormous changes or taking unnecessary risks, but rather going to bed at night a bit smarter or more experienced than you were when you woke up. Ue also encouraged learners to spend time with patients, seek feedback, take time to reflect, and be kind to their team. While face-to-face interactions with patients vary among pharmacists, all pharmacists can spend time with patients in some fashion—even if it is as simple as understanding the patient’s medical record. Seeking feedback and spending time reflecting are wonderful vehicles to accelerate growth, said Ue, and individuals can benefit from these actions all the time, not just during a pandemic. Being kind promotes the idea that all of humanity is deserving of basic respect and consideration. This is something we all should practice continually, according to Ue. Ue advised readers to take time for themselves, which is essential to discovering what sparks their curiosity. She also recommended finding a community, including both peers and mentors. Stay present, as well, said Ue. Don’t just bide your time and wait for brighter days—try to find the brightness in every day. In a more forward-looking approach, Ue advised learners to rest and reflect on their experiences as a way of focusing on growth and learning. As clinicians gain more experience, they can act as mentors to upcoming learners. It’s unlikely for individuals to be able to “repay” their mentors for the value they provided to their development, so the next best option is to “pay it forward” to upcoming learners, she said. Ue congratulated those completing courses of study during such a difficult time, giving a nod to the experience that only a trial by fire will mold. Many student pharmacists transitioned out of their formal didactic educational experience without the typical pomp and circumstance of the past. Although the cap and gown ceremony is certainly not the same this year, the achievement of graduation certainly is. It is important for graduates to partake in mindful reflection and celebration, take pride in their accomplishments, and utilize their knowledge and skills to the best of their abilities, said Ue.

Accurate MR image super-resolution via lightweight lateral inhibition network

In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown their advantages on MR image super-resolution (SR) tasks. Many current SR models, however, have heavy demands on computation and memory, which are not friendly to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) where computing resource is usually constrained. On the other hand, a basic consideration in most MRI experiments is how to reduce scanning time to improve patient comfort and reduce motion artifacts. In this work, we ease the problem by presenting an effective and lightweight model that supports fast training and accurate SR inference. The proposed network is inspired by the lateral inhibition mechanism, which assumes that there exist inhibitory effects between adjacent neurons. The backbone of our network consists of several lateral inhibition blocks, where the inhibitory effect is explicitly implemented by a battery of cascaded local inhibition units. When model scale is small, explicitly inhibiting feature activations is expected to further explore model representational capacity. For more effective feature extraction, several parallel dilated convolutions are also used to extract shallow features directly from the input image. Extensive experiments on typical MR images demonstrate that our lateral inhibition network (LIN) achieves better SR performance than other lightweight models with similar model scale.