Basic Categories Research Articles

Enabling and Managing Authentic Experiences: The High-Class Escort Sector in the Netherlands

In this paper we explore how potentially authentic experiences are brought forth by experience providers on a managerial and individual employee level. We do so by researching the Dutch market sector of high-class, agency-based, female escorts, in which the Girlfriend Experience is offered to clients. Authenticity in the experience is treated as a criterion variable; it being a possible outcome of multiple specified predictors. The findings offer insights into which individual behaviours and managerial efforts need to be in place in market exchange relations to deliver a “commodified authentic experience,” thereby supporting responsible behaviour in the organization and enhancing our practical understanding of the employment sector. Within the Management, Spirituality, and Religion Interest Group domain, the basic philosophical categories we deploy offer a necessary and strategically useful complement to spiritual and religious terminology for “creating a better world together” in pluralistic societies.

Trump, the Administrative Presidency, and Federalism

Trump, the Administrative Presidency, and Federalism

SANATSAL ARAŞTIRMANIN BİLİMSEL NİTELİKLERİ ÜSTÜNE: SEÇİLMİŞ ÖRNEKLERLE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Son yıllarda uluslararası alanda sanatsal araştırma konusunda yapılan yayınların sayısının hızla arttığı görülmektedir. İlgili literatürde sanatsal araştırmanın hangi açılardan bilimsel yaklaşım ve yöntemlerle uyumlulaşabileceği konusu öne çıkan bir tartışma olagelmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızın esas amacı sanatsal araştırmaların bilimsel yeterlikler açısından değerlendirilebilmeleri için tanım ve ölçütler belirleyerek yapılan tartışmalara katkı sağlamaktır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için çalışmada önce yerleşik bilime ilişkin tanım, yöntemsel yaklaşım ve tartışmalar ele alınmış; katı ve sınırlayıcı bir bilim tanımından uzaklaşarak tüm bilim sahalarına ve bu arada sanat konusuna da uygun esnek bir bilim yaklaşımının gerekli olduğu savlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede bir araştırmanın ve araştırma raporunun bilimsel nitelik kazanması için temel düzeyde sahip olması gereken özellikler belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Daha sonra sanatsal araştırma literatürü ele alınarak sanatsal araştırma tanım ve türlerine ilişkin öneriler tartışılmıştır ve tipoloji önerisinde bulunulmuştur. İlgili literatür ışığında bir sanatsal araştırmanın bilimsel nitelik kazanması için konu/sorun sunumu, literatür ve katkı sunumu, yöntem sunumu, bulgu ve sonuç sunumunun olması gerektiği; ancak sorun sunumu, yöntem sunumu ve biçimsel açılardan sanat araştırmalarının yerleşik bilimsel çalışmalardan ayrılan yönleri olabileceği varsayımlarında bulunulmuştur. Ardından sanatla ilgili yükseköğrenim kurumlarının esas ilgi konusu olan “dar anlamda” sanat araştırmalarına örnek olabilecek, amaçlı örneklem yöntemi ile belirlenen, üç yayın incelenmiştir. Bir bilimsel çalışmada bulunması gerektiği varsayılan bilgi kategorilerinin örnek çalışmaların metinlerinde bulunup bulunmadığını, bulunuyorsa sunumunun nasıl yapıldığını sorgulayan bir niteliksel içerik analizi yapılmıştır. İncelenen çalışmalarda temel bilimsel bilgi kategorilerinin bulunduğu; ancak özellikle yöntem sunumu, bulgu sunumu ve biçimsel yapı açısından sanat araştırmalarının yerleşik bilimsel çalışmalardan farklı ve özgün görülebilecek yönleri olduğu bulgulanmıştır.

A knowledge economy paradigm in ensuring the financial stability of commercial enterprises

Subject. The article investigates innovation capital as a basic category of the knowledge economy, and its role in ensuring the financial stability of a commercial enterprise. Objectives. The aim is to develop a methodology for the valuation of intellectual capital, which is used to ensure the financial strength of commercial enterprises. Methods. The study employs methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, and statistical analysis. Results. We systematized modern approaches to the disclosure of the essence of intellectual capital, underpinned the classification of methods for its assessment, supplemented the content of intellectual capital by inclusion of potential capital in its composition, aimed at improving managerial decision-making in the foreseeable future. We also formulated an integrated indicator to evaluate intellectual capital based on the valuation of its components. Meanwhile, the assessment of human capital as a source of knowledge, experience and competencies is an equivalent of expanding the market segment by increasing competitiveness, and thereby generating additional income, which sets the parameters for ensuring the financial stability of a commercial enterprise. Conclusions. The developed methodology is intended to build a reliable value of intellectual capital of a commercial enterprise. It illustrates the importance of human capital in the management process and identifies its role in ensuring the financial stability.

Categorical Preference of the Mind

Fundamental to the traditional, Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR) mind-based model is that the human mind perceives the world through the use of ontological categories. These categories are often defined as templates, which are associated with the recognition of basic ontological categories organized hierarchically due to evolutionarily sourced strategic connections: PERSON > ANIMAL > PLANT > ARTIFACT > OBJECT. If the field of CSR is to use such foundational concepts as MCIs, ontological categories, socially strategic and inference generation, we must first test and verify that this hierarchical ontological schema is in fact valid, especially given some recent shifts away from the mind-based model. The goal of this study was to analyze participant preferences for different aspects of the CSR mind-based model, such as template categories and socially strategic inferences. To test this, participants saw four conditions, each with a variety of images that reflected these categories and inferences. Main findings saw no preference between hypothesized template categories, preference for socially strategic images within the same category, and preference for non-threatening images over threatening images of the same category. The latter two findings (socially strategic; threat avoidance) confirm core theories and recent work in CSR; the former finding (no hierarchy preference) calls into question the nature and use of ontological categories.

Kategorie analityczne konfliktu politycznego w interdyscyplinarnej perspektywie

ANALYTICAL CATEGORIES OF POLITICAL CONFLICT IN AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE
 The article takes up selected issues present in research on social conflicts: 1. The impact of theoretical and methodological pluralism of social sciences on the evolution and current state of the theory of social conflict; 2. The importance of the interdisciplinary approach in explaining research problems and constructing the theory of conflict; 3. Sociological, psychological and political aspects of conflict research, including social inequalities, the influence of cognitive and emotional processes on the perception of reality and conflict activities, the origin and regulation of political conflicts related to the processes of exercising power and the diversification of the political structure of society; 4. The complexity of the basic categories of the political conflict analysis scheme: causes, phases, strategies, and methods of operation of entities, types, and effects.

Categorization of Experience of the World and Construction of Transitivity System of Chinese

The main streams of Systemic Functional Linguistics present two distinct transitivity systems of English, which is attributed to their different views about the relationship between experience, meaning and the transitivity system. Particularly, they both take experience as the starting point, but adopt different upward approaches to the description of the experiential metafunction. Accordingly, existing studies of Chinese by reference to such English descriptions come up with divergent Chinese transitivity systems. Since it is prevailing practice to start the description of experiential metafunction from the end of experience rather than from the end of the transitivity system, a downward approach to do this is worth exploring. That is, the construction of the transitivity system presupposes a systematic categorization of experience and a natural relationship between experience and the transitivity system. Based on the basic level category theory, this article describes experience at three levels, and differentiates it into two modes – autonomous and influenced. Observing this account, and adhering to the mapping relationship between experience and the transitivity system, this article constructs a transitivity system of Chinese as consisting of processes at three levels along the delicate dimension, and elaborates on these at the basic level, since they are the most salient and essential to human beings.

The Categorization Heuristic

The Categorization Heuristic

Facial Expression Recognition Using Convolutional Network

Abstract: This paper focuses on Emotion Recognition using facial expressions. It aims to detect facial expressions accurately and efficiently. Convolutional Neural Network has developed to help in recognizing emotions through facial expressions and classify them into seven basic categories which are: happy, sad, neutral, surprise, fear, disgust, and angry. So, Convolutional Neural Network is implemented to extract relevant features of the input images and classify them into seven labels. For evaluating the proposed model, Facial Emotion Recognition 2013 dataset is usedso that the model achieves the best accuracy rate. Facial expression recognition has been an activearea of research over the past few decades, and it is still challenging due to the high intra-class variation.

ИНВЕСТИЦИОННАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ КАТЕГОРИЙ ХОЗЯЙСТВОВАНИЯ В АГРАРНОМ СЕКТОРЕ ЭКОНОМИКИ КЫРГЫЗСТАНА

Investments are an important factor in economic sustainable development in any country. Investment activity in the Kyrgyz agrarian sector is tied to existing for the present organizational structure of its key producers. Investment injections especially foreign direct investments ensure production volume growth, expansion of employment, and production technology improvement. Thpaper’sper purpose is a particular characteristic definition of the producer’s organizational structure (economic management basic categories), established investing directions, as well as indirect measures of investment activity changes in the agrarian sector of Kyrgyzstan.

Challenges of Clinical Practice Guidelines Adaptation in Iran: Lesson learned for Low and Middle-Income Countries.

Background: Developing a clinical practice guideline (CPG) is very time-consuming, expensive, and requires specialized knowledge; therefore, when an up-to-date and quality CPG is available, it is logical to adapt it according to local conditions. So this study aimed to identify the challenges of CPGs adaptation in Iran to help improve it and provide lessons for low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: This was a qualitative study that was conducted in 2019. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 participants from two levels, groups involved in the CPGs adaptation process, from research centers and specialized medical associations and policymakers and planners in CPG development and adaptation from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME). Results: The identified challenges were classified into two basic and operational categories. Basic challenges include believing the need for CPGs adaptation, attention to CPGs adaptation in evaluation and reward systems, access to financial resources, and supervision of the adaptation process. Also, operational challenges were adaptation methodology, forming an adaptation team, consensus on interdisciplinary issues, changing programs and priorities, and external barriers in the work progress path. Conclusion: The main challenges of CPGs adaptation in Iran, as one of the LMICs, are related to education, financing, and supervision of adaptation process steps. The most significant proposed interventions to overcome the current obstacles in countries with similar contexts are holding new training courses and programs for these CPG users at different headquarters' and environmental levels, establishing an appropriate motivating system, designing an integrated adaptation system focusing on organizing related supervision affairs like planning, policy-making, and supervision at the MoHME and universities level.

Maurizio Ferraris' Theory of Documentality and Social Media: Media Hacking as Hacking of Cultural Memory

The article deals with the methodological search for overcoming dualism in the understanding of cultural memory as a basic category of memory studies. This category implies a gap between the memory of living contemporaries and the "dead" memory of institutional narratives. However, the rebellion of living memory against repressive censored texts is a feature of mass industrial societies. The model of confrontation between generational memory and trans-generational memory, laid down by the works of M. Halbwachs and J. Assmann, loses its heuristic in the conditions of the dominance of digital media. The author suggests using the social ontology of M. Ferraris, known as the “theory of documentality”, to overcome this gap. The interpretation of sociogenesis as a result of the formation of social objects based on the recording procedure allows us to rethink the social function of the media. Cultural memory in the theory of Ferraris is equivalent to an array of documentary, differentiated by the ability to generate and maintain social objects into strong and weak. This approach turns out to be productive where the “great gaps” of communication have been overcome, where the social communication system provides wide access to all its types. Social media provides new memory formats by incorporating people and non-human algorithms into its networks. Creation of social memory objects no longer requires specialized institutions; “old”, pre-digital narratives of historical memory are hacked by users in media hacking processes, allowing them to appropriate, edit and inhabit the history of society in personal digital memory strategies. At the same time, the digital nature of new social objects ensures their involvement with each other through social network algorithms, regardless of their own ethical, aesthetic or axiological status.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS A TARGET FUNCTION OF THE MODERN PARADIGM OF ECONOMIC GROWTH OF A TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE

The purpose of this research is to theoretically substantiate the main issues of the modern paradigm of the economic growth of transport enterprises, aimed at the effective adaptation of their economic activities to rapidly changing environmental conditions and the consideration of sustainable development as its objective function. To achieve this aim, a number of modern general scientific methods and techniques of research were used, namely: the abstract-logical method, including the analysis and the synthesis, the induction and deduction; the generalization to review information sources, to clarify the essence of basic concepts and categories, to study the domestic and foreign experience; the system analysis in order to holistically perceive the object of study and a comprehensive analysis of the element relationships within the defined problem as a whole; the problem-oriented method for the scientific substantiation of strategic priorities and their organizational and economic aspect; the graphic method to illustrate the results.
 The sustainable economic development of an enterprise is determined by the economic development (influenced by the level of economic growth, qualitative changes in the subsystems of an enterprise) and the economic stability (determined by the economic equilibrium, the economic adaptation and the economic flexibility), which, in turn, is ensured by an amount of investments in innovative products and technologies, as well as the level of enterprise management. The sustainable development of transport enterprises is possible by developing and implementing a strategy of economic innovation development based on ensuring optimal rates of economic growth, at which the algorithm for modeling the level of achievable growth is used for transport enterprises. Theoretical substantiation of the main provisions of the modern paradigm of economic growth of transport enterprises aimed at effective adaptation of their economic activity to rapidly changing environmental conditions and consideration of sustainable development as its objective function. The theoretical conclusions, approaches and recommendations offered in the article can be used for development of a modern paradigm of economic growth of the transport enterprise on the basis of sustainable development.

Katie Erikson's caring theories. Part 2. The theory of caritative caring ethics and the theory of evidence.

In this article, Katie Eriksson's theory of caritative caring ethics and the theory of evidence, are described. Both theories are anchored in caritas, that is love, mercy and compassion. The theory of caritative caring ethics was first described by Eriksson in 1995, where seven assumptions or basic categories were elaborated. These were: the human being's dignity, the care relationship, invitation, responsibility, virtue, obligation or duty, and good and evil. Eriksson's theoretical contribution is that she makes a distinction between caring and nursing ethics, between inner and external ethics, and between natural and clinical ethics. Concerning the theory of evidence, Eriksson claims that a multidimensional scientific view of evidence in caring that focuses on the patient's world is necessary and vital. To see, realise, know, attest and revise constitute the ontological definitions of the concepts of evidence and evident. The theories are united by the core concepts of testimony and witnessing the human being's suffering. Eriksson points out that it is in the ethical acts that deeds are formed, based on ethos. The anchorage in an ethos means to have firm value-loaded judgements of an inner motive. Moreover, the anchorage in ethos presupposes a personal and natural ethic. The good deeds are realised in the relationship between the patient and the carer, but the caring ethics is not a professional or external ethics. Caring ethics is an ontological inner ethics meaning fellowship and the right to exist, but it is the patient's world and reality that decides the foundation and starting point for caritative caring ethics in clinical practice. The ultimate purpose and goal of caring are to guarantee the patient's dignity and absolute value as a human being.

Spatial deixis in Yashar Kemal’s Iron Earth Copper Sky

Mekân dilbilimde zaman, kip, kişi gibi temel bir anlamsal kategoriyi ifade eder. Uzamsal varlıklar mekân içinde Gestalt psikolojideki şekil-zemin ilişkisine benzer bir ilişki aracılığıyla konumlanır veya yer değiştirirler. Şekil durumundaki somut varlıklar, merkezdeki konuşucunun yakınından uzağına doğru yayılan mesafelerde, mekânsal gösterime dayalı sistem aracılığıyla konumlanabilir. Mekânsal gösterimin merkezinde, zemin durumundaki konuşucu “ben” bulunur. Şekil durumundaki somut varlıklara işaret eden mekânsal gösterimler konuşucunun konumu ve kimliğine göre değişir. Bu değişimden dolayı konuşma olayının cereyan ettiği edimbilimsel bağlam mekânsal bilginin tayininde önem kazanır. Kurmaca bir metinde mekânsal gösterimi dilbilimsel yöntemlerle ele alan araştırmaların sayısı azdır. Dilsel ve dil-dışı bağlamın kesişim alanında yer alan mekânsal gösterim nedir? Mekânsal gösterim kodları nelerdir ve ne sıklıkla kullanılır? Türkçede dilbilgisel bir kategori olarak mekânsal gösterim nasıl kodlanır? Çalışmada bu ve benzeri sorulara cevap bulmak, literatüre kavramsal katkı sunmak ve tipolojik çalışmalara veri sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır. Bunun için Yaşar Kemal’in Yer Demir Gök Bakır adlı romanından seçilen, mekânsal gösterim içeren dört yüz on bir (n=411) maddelik örneklem incelenmiş ve sonuçlar betimlenmiştir. Buna göre, “kaynak”tan “hedef”e yönelik hareketi karşılayan gösterimsel fiiller iki yüz otuz (n=230) maddede ve merkeze yakın/uzak anlamlarını veren gösterimsel nominaller yüz seksen bir (n=181) maddede tespit edilmiştir. Mekânsal adlar hâl ekleri, iyelik ekleri ve son-edatlarla öbekleşebilir. Mekânsal gösterim bilgisi yalnızca sözcük, öbek ya da tümcelerden değil; daha yoğun ve doğru şekilde sözbirimlerden çıkarılır. Bu nedenle mekânsal gösterim üzerine yapılacak dilbilimsel çalışmalarda iletişim ortamının edimbilimsel bağlamına ve sözcelerdeki metindilbilimsel gönderimlere dikkat edilmelidir.

Goodness and Mischief: On the Axiology of Perception of Soviet Animation

This article examines the basic categories that serve to verbalise memories of Soviet animation in the biographical experience of the generation born in the 1960s‑1970s. The participants’ childhood and personal development coincide with the functioning of the aesthetic model of Soviet animation established by the end of the 1960s and slowly evolving until the mid‑1980s. To collect qualitative data, the author conducted field research using a focused in-depth interview method. Among the main figures describing Soviet animation, the respondents most frequently mention the concepts of ‘goodness’ (Rus. dobrota) and ‘mischief’ (Rus. ozorstvo). The interviewees mention the word ‘goodness’ in the line of associations with the word ‘cartoon’ while the word ‘mischief’ emerges as a category of description of cartoon characters. The ‘goodness’ in the memories shared by the respondents is understood not in the behavioural but in the axiological sense of the word. The word ‘dobryi’ is used more often in the meaning of ‘doing good’ than ‘kind’. ‘Mischief’, instead of being antithetical to the notion of ‘goodness’, is a specific addition to it, being a concept realised through different linguistic means. With all the ritualisation of the forms of authoritative discourse represented in cartoon subjects, the concepts of ‘goodness’ and ‘mischief’ are evidence of a particular semiosis. Within it, notions of authority and norms do not become symbols of values in themselves, but only participate in the construction of signs referring to positively perceived values.

Massive-Scale Data Mining to Enhance Digital Library with Applications in College Education.

The context of digital library has changed from insufficient information to information overload, and its corresponding service mode should also change from “people looking for information” to “information looking for people.” Using a grounded theory approach, this paper extracts 78 initial concepts, 24 basic categories, and 6 main categories by coding and analyzing the raw data obtained from the interviews. On this basis, the relationship path and action mechanism between categories are discovered; based on which a theoretical model of the influence mechanism of digital library intelligent information recommendation service satisfaction is constructed. The research results have shown that, under the moderating effect of user preference, the quality of data mining system, recommendation information quality, recommendation service quality, and recommendation form together have an impact on the satisfaction of digital library intelligent information recommendation service. The results of our work can provide useful reference for the optimization and healthy development of digital library services. Meanwhile, it has some theoretical and practical contributions. How to quickly obtain the information people required from a large amount of information is particularly important. Personalized construction is an inevitable service trend for the development of digital libraries in the new era. We in this paper study the current situation of digital libraries and the development of personalized services in digital libraries. We focus on data mining-related technologies, the development of digital library data exploration technologies, and the provision of Internet application services. The problems in this area were summarized, and the countermeasures were put forward based on this. It can be concluded that the concept of a digital library is not just a collection of data with information management tools, it is an environment that brings together collections, services, and people to support the entire data flow. It converts information into domain knowledge, from creation to dissemination. It guides the process from use to save. The trial registration number is ChiCTR2200055403.

Philosophical problems of economics in the Modern Era

The economy has been an integral part of the life of all mankind since the most ancient times. The development of this science is directly related to the activities of people in a particular historical period. Various spheres and areas of life have undergone numerous changes under the influence of numerous factors, such as the formation of states, changes in political regimes, scientific discoveries and many others. Very few works are devoted to philosophical issues of Modern economics. As a result, the main concepts of socio-economic issues in the philosophical thought of the Modern era became the subject of the study. The author examines in detail the reasons and prerequisites for the formation of economic science. In Modern times, it is being formed into an autonomous system. Special attention is paid to the transformation of such basic economic categories as economy, labor, interests, and need. Economic problems during this period are permeated with a new philosophical meaning. The main conclusions of the philosophical analysis are the identification of new human relationships, both to himself and to society. There are new attitudes to man, to nature, to work, to trade, to wealth. Analyzing their contents, the author reveals a general idea of the nature of economic activity of this era. As a result, it turns out that the economic ideas of the philosophers of this period, in particular T. Hobbes, A. Smith and B. Mandeville, affect a number of very important aspects of the essence of man and influence the further development of economic theory as a whole. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that generalizing the ideas of philosophers about economic issues, the author combines them into three approaches.

Implementation of Flight Fare Prediction System Using Machine Learning

Abstract: The Flight ticket prices increase or decrease every now and then depending on various factors like timing of the flights, destination, duration of flights. In the proposed system a predictive model will be created by applying machine learning algorithms to the collected historical data of flights. Optimal timing for airline ticket purchasing from the consumer’s perspective is challenging principally because buyers have insufficient information for reasoning about future price movements. In this project we majorly targeted to uncover underlying trends of flight prices in India using historical data and also to suggest the best time to buy a flight ticket. The project implements the validations or contradictions towards myths regarding the airline industry, a comparison study among various models in predicting the optimal time to buy the flight ticket and the amount that can be saved if done so. Remarkably, the trends of the prices are highly sensitive to the route, month of departure, day of departure, time of departure, whether the day of departure is a holiday and airline carrier. Highly competitive routes like most business routes (tier 1 to tier 1 cities like Mumbai-Delhi) had a non-decreasing trend where prices increased as days to departure decreased, however other routes (tier 1 to tier 2 cities like Delhi - Guwahati) had a specific time frame where the prices are minimum. Moreover, the data also uncovered two basic categories of airline carriers operating in India – the economical group and the luxurious group, and in most cases, the minimum priced flight was a member of the economical group. The data also validated the fact that, there are certain time-periods of the day where the prices are expected to be maximum. The scope of the project can be extensively extended across the various routes to make significant savings on the purchase of flight prices across the Indian Domestic Airline market. Keywords: Flight ticket, Optimal timing, historical data, competitive routes, Indian Domestic Airline market.

Flight Fare Prediction System Using Machine Learning

Abstract: The Flight ticket prices increase or decrease every now and then depending on various factors like timing of the flights, destination, duration of flights. In the proposed system a predictive model will be created by applying machine learning algorithms to the collected historical data of flights. Optimal timing for airline ticket purchasing from the consumer’s perspective is challenging principally because buyers have insufficient information for reasoning about future price movements. In this project we majorly targeted to uncover underlying trends of flight prices in India using historical data and also to suggest the best time to buy a flight ticket. The project implements the validations or contradictions towards myths regarding the airline industry, a comparison study among various models in predicting the optimal time to buy the flight ticket and the amount that can be saved if done so. Remarkably, the trends of the prices are highly sensitive to the route, month of departure, day of departure, time of departure, whether the day of departure is a holiday and airline carrier. Highly competitive routes like most business routes (tier 1 to tier 1 cities like Mumbai-Delhi) had a non-decreasing trend where prices increased as days to departure decreased, however other routes (tier 1 to tier 2 cities like Delhi - Guwahati) had a specific time frame where the prices are minimum. Moreover, the data also uncovered two basic categories of airline carriers operating in India – the economical group and the luxurious group, and in most cases, the minimum priced flight was a member of the economical group. The data also validated the fact that, there are certain time-periods of the day where the prices are expected to be maximum. The scope of the project can be extensively extended across the various routes to make significant savings on the purchase of flight prices across the Indian Domestic Airline market. Keywords: Flight ticket, Optimal timing, historical data, competitive routes, Indian Domestic Airline market