Barium Ferrite Research Articles

Design, fabrication, and magnetic properties of novel (Ni,Cr,Zr)-co-doped M-type barium ferrite ceramics

Multicomponent co-doping is an effective method to balance the counteracting magnetic properties of ferrite ceramics. In this work, novel (Ni,Cr,Zr)-co-doped M-type barium hexaferrites (BaFe12-3xNixCrxZrxO19, x = 0–0.8) were designed and synthesized by traditional solid-state reaction. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that NiO would participate in the formation of secondary phase NiFe2O4 in the as-synthesized powder. Through traditional solid-state sintering, by using the synthesized pure-phase magnetic powders, almost full-dense ceramics were fabricated. Visual high-temperature deformation analysis revealed that there was no obvious difference in the sintering behavior and densification temperature of the ceramics with different compositional x, due to the low sintering activity of the as-synthesized magnetic powders. And X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that all the fabricated ceramics are of pure-phase M-type barium ferrite, and the lattice parameter c/a firstly increased as x raised up to 0.4 and then remained almost unchanged with further increased x, even if the lattice distortion became heavier. Microstructure examination revealed that the grain size monotonously decreased as the quantity of the substituent ions increased. The remnant magnetization and coercivity of the fabricated ceramics decreased monotonously as x increased, while the saturated magnetization could be maintained till the samples with x ≤ 0.4. Taking all the parameters into consideration, the samples with x = 0.4 might be a good candidate for transformer cores.

Estimation of neutron and gamma-ray attenuation characteristics of some ferrites: Geant4, FLUKA and WinXCom studies

Ferrites are ceramic oxide materials consisting of mainly iron oxide and they have become massively important materials commercially and technologically, having a multitude of uses and applications. The protection against neutron–gamma mixed radiation is crucial in several nuclear applications. From this standpoint, mass attenuation coefficient, radiation protection efficiency and transmission factor of some ferrites namely barium, strontium, manganese, copper and cadmium ferrite has been computed using Geant4 and FLUKA simulations. Based on the simulated mass attenuation coefficient, other significant parameters such as linear attenuation coefficient, effective atomic and electron number, conductivity, half value layer, and mean free path were calculated for the selected ferrite materials. The validation of Monte Carlo geometry has been provided by comparing the mass attenuation coefficient results with standard WinXCom data. Gamma ray exposure buildup factors were computed using geometric progression fitting formula for the chosen ferrites in the energy range 0.015–15 MeV at penetration depths up to 40 mfp. The findings of the present work reveal that among the studied ferrites, barium ferrite and copper ferrite possess superior gamma ray and fast neutron attenuation capability, respectively. The present work provides a comprehensive investigation of the selected iron oxides in the field of neutron and gamma ray.

Significantly enhancing electromagnetic wave absorption properties of BaFe12O19 hexaferrites via KOH mineralizer

To further study the microwave absorbing properties of hexagonal barium ferrites (abbreviated as BaM) fabricated by using an innovative hydrothermal method with different mineralizers, the crystal structure, morphology, magnetoelectric and the microwave absorption properties of BaM were systematically studied. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) show that all samples exhibit a pure phase for BaM. At the same time, the grain size and morphology can be controlled and the thicker and regular hexagonal flakes were obtained using KOH mineralizer. The maximal magnetization in the field 15 kOe of BaM can be improved by using KOH mineralizer compared to NaOH mineralizer, while the coercivity (Hc) is slightly reduced. The maximal magnetization in the field 15 kOe is 31.83 emu/g and 43.36 emu/g for BaM synthesized with NaOH and KOH mineralizers, and the Hc is 860.23 Oe and 842.00 Oe, respectively. Meanwhile, the RL values of BaM synthesized with NaOH mineralizer are greater than − 3.00 dB indicating poor absorbing property. While, as for the BaM synthesized with KOH mineralizer, the electromagnetic wave absorption performance is enhanced greatly. The minimum value of the reflection loss (RLmin) is − 17.59 dB obtained at 13.2 GHz with a thickness of 1.5 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth is up to 3.2 GHz (11.6∼14.8 GHz) for BaM with KOH mineralizer. This work provides a kind of effective method to enhance the microwave absorption properties of BaM material by changing the mineralizer, and suggests that BaM is a microwave absorbing material with great potential engineering applications for 5 G communication.

Microstructure and electromagnetic of tantalum substituted W-type hexagonal barium ferrite based on doping concentration

Microstructure and electromagnetic of tantalum substituted W-type hexagonal barium ferrite based on doping concentration

Enhanced Magnetic, Dielectric, Optical and Ferro-Photovoltaic Properties of Barium Ferrite (BaFe2O4) Nanoparticles with Zn doping for Photovoltaic Applications

Aim: Enhanced Magnetic, Dielectric, Optical and Ferro-Photovoltaic Properties of Barium Ferrite (BaFe2O4) Nanoparticles with Zn doping for Photovoltaic Applications Background: A complete examination of structural, magnetic, di-electric, photovoltaic, and optical properties of Zn doped barium ferrite particles has been performed, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Impedance Analyzer, UV Visible spectroscopy, and Fluorescence spectrophotometer. Objective: The valuable results of magnetic, optical, and photovoltaic properties of Zn doped barium ferrites presented a novel idea for utilizing magnetic ferrites in photovoltaic applications. Method: Magnetic Ba1-xZnxFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5) nanoparticles have been prepared by sol-gel auto combustion method. Result: The ferroelectricity and photovoltaic response were explored by Multiferroics system and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. The structure was detected orthorhombic with space group Pnma 3 for pure and Zn doped samples. The magnetization value for pure BaFe2O4 was increased from 1.4 emu/g to 15.3 emu/g for Ba0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4 sample. The ferroelectric behavior was reflected equally in pure BaF and Zn-doped samples. The photovoltaic results revealed an increase in photocurrent upon illumination in Zn = 0.3 sample. The dielectric properties showed direct relation with each other and supported ferroelectricity. The energy band gap value for pure barium ferrite (BaF) was reduced from 1.54 eV to 1.33 eV for Zn = 0.3 sample. The photoluminescence resulted in increasing emission intensity spectra for Zn = 0.3 and Zn = 0.5 at wavelength of 607 nm and 430 nm. Conclusion: The nanoparticles revealed an orthorhombic crystal structure with degraded particle size from 43-26.5 nm with increasing concentration of Zn doping. The same movement was followed by grain size from 245 to 33 nm. The lattice constant ‘a’, micro-strain, and dislocation density were increased. The growth of spherical nanoparticles and the desired composition of chemical bonds were verified by SEM and FTIR individually. The magnetization was upgraded from 1.4 emu/g to 15.32 emu/g, while coercivity was lessened with doping.

Doping sites, magnetic, and microwave absorption properties of barium ferrites with multiple magnetic resonances

Doping sites, magnetic, and microwave absorption properties of barium ferrites with multiple magnetic resonances

Polypyrrole-Barium Ferrite Magnetic Cryogels for Water Purification

Magnetic polypyrrole-gelatin-barium ferrite (PPy-G-BaFe) cryogels/aerogels were synthesized by one-step oxidative cryopolymerization of pyrrole in the presence of various fractions of barium ferrite (BaFe) nanoparticles, dispersed in aqueous gelatin solution. The successful incorporation of BaFe into the composites was confirmed by elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy paired with an energy-dispersive X-ray detector. The maximum achieved content of BaFe in the resulting material was 3.9 wt%. The aerogels with incorporated BaFe had significantly higher specific surface area and conductivity, reaching 19.3 m2 g-1 and 4 × 10-4 S cm-1, respectively, compared to PPy-G aerogel, prepared in the absence of BaFe (7.3 m2 g-1 and 1 × 10-5 S cm-1). The model adsorption experiment using an anionic dye, Reactive Black 5, showed that magnetic PPy-G-BaFe aerogel, prepared at 10 wt% BaFe fraction, had significantly higher adsorption rate and higher adsorption capacity, compared to PPy-G (dye removal fraction 99.6% and 89.1%, respectively, after 23 h). Therefore, the prepared PPy-G-BaFe aerogels are attractive adsorbents for water purification due to their enhanced adsorption performance and the possibility of facilitated separation from solution by a magnetic field.

New Manufacturing Process for Granular Texture Management in Polycrystalline BaM Hexaferrites through the Goethite Crystallite Laths Aspect Ratio, and a Specialized Law of Approach to the Magnetic Saturation for Partly Polarized Uniaxial Materials

This study is aimed at the manufacture and the magnetic properties of polycrystalline M-type hexaferrites BaFe12O19 (barium ferrite, or BaM) materials of different magnetic texturing grades, going from a random distribution of the BaM crystallites to their almost complete stacking. Our target is to optimize the value of reduced-remanence magnetization MR/MS, which is among the most significant features of the self-polarized materials. In this study, we focus on the role played by the precursors hematite (isotropic spherical shape) and goethite (anisotropic lath shape). Therefore, 11 samples with a flat cylinder shape are fabricated, with an increasing hematite to goethite ratio. We demonstrate that this ratio drives the texturization of the samples by producing self-polarized materials with different MR/MS from the simple green compaction of the precursors, followed by a heat treatment. Most importantly, our study reveals the orientation of BaM particles after compaction; therefore, MR/MS, is strongly influenced by the aspect ratio of the lath-shaped goethite crystallites. Additionally, we show that finer goethite crystallites yield higher-value MR/MS. We optimize the aspect ratio of the goethite crystallites for an improved BaM texture. The optimization of the morphology of the goethite crystallites leads to an increase in the BaM particles’ orientation and stacking. The salient outcome of this work, which distinguishes it significantly from recent works, is that the particles stacking increases with the value of the shape factor η (defined as the ratio of the diameter of the laths to their length) of the goethite, evidenced by XRD results. The Rietveld refinements of powder diffractograms and the measured magnetic properties reveal a particle-stacking enhancement caused by not only the ratio of hematite: goethite but mainly by an optimal aspect ratio of the goethite crystallites. Based on this study, the BaM materials are further manufactured with a controlled magnetic texture; thus, they are partly self-polarized. They show reduced-remanence magnetization MR/MS varying from 0.5 and 0.81, while the angular dispersion of the BaM particles’ easy axis of magnetization varies from 60° to 10°. The magnetic properties of the samples are further studied in microwave experiments, from which the value of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field HK = 16.6 kOe is deduced. The first magnetization curves of each sample are obtained using a VSM. A law of approach to the saturation suitable for the case of the uniaxial polycrystalline materials, and for which the particle stacking is only partial, is proposed for the fitting of the magnetization process. It is suggested that by using the proposed law with a known magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K1, the angular grain-dispersion can be found.

High remanence ratio of aluminum substituted hexagonal barium ferrite films for self-biased microwave devices

A high remanence ratio of hexagonal barium ferrite film is urgently needed for self-biased microwave devices. In this work, the aluminum-substituted hexagonal barium ferrite films (BaFe(12−x)AlxO19) with different substituting concentrations (x = 0, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3) were deposited on the Al2O3 substrate by pulsed laser deposition method using self-sintered BaFe(12−x)AlxO19 target. Firstly, the targets with different Al concentrations were sintered by the solid phase method and exhibited high dense, uniform microstructure, and high purity. Then, the influence of the Al ions concentration on the crystal structure, morphology, and magnetic and microwave properties of BaFe(12−x)AlxO19 films was studied in detail. Structural characterizations confirm that the Al prefers to substitute for 2a, 4f2 and 2b sites and promotes the grain (formed as single-domain) orientation growth, which results in a decrease in the saturation magnetization, an increase of remanence ratio and anisotropy field. Consequently, a high remanence ratio of 95 % was obtained for BaFe(12−x)AlxO19 film at x = 3, and also displays a high anisotropy field (27.7 kOe), a low saturation magnetization (1758 G) and an appropriate ferromagnetic resonance linewidth (～436 Oe), which can be applied in self-biased devices.

Electrical, dielectric and magnetic properties of Mn2+ substitution in barium hexaferrites nanoparticles

Hexagonal barium ferrite (BaFe12O19), known as M−type barium hexaferrite (BaM), iscommonly used as permanent magnets, particulate media for magnetic recording as well as in microwave devices. The present paper deals with the synthesis of manganese substituted barium hexaferrite with generic formula Ba1-xMnxFe12O19 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) using sol–gel auto combustion method. Citric acid products used as a chelating agent and used in a ratio of 1:3 in accordance with the chemical approach to fuel. The powder thus prepared was annealed at 950 °C for 12 h to remove impurities and moisture. The DC electrical resistance decreases with increasing temperature and also with the concentration of Mn2+. The high value of the resistivity of the present samples leads to semiconductor behaviour. The activation energy and drift mobility also decrease with Mn2+ substitution. The dielectric behaviour of the presented samples is similar to the behaviour reported in the literature. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and dielectric loss tangent decrease with increasing frequency. With Mn2 + substitution, the dielectric parameters decrease. The magnetic properties of pure and Mn-substituted hexagonal ferrite are consistent with literature results. The saturation magnetization decreases with increasing substitution x.

Continuous synthesis of BaFe2O4 and BaFe12O19 nanoparticles in a droplet microreactor for efficient detection of antihistamine drugs in oral fluid using surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.

Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) has received considerable attention as a complementary approach to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), offering substantial potential for analyzing molecules in the low-mass region. Herein, we propose a facile method, a microreactor for the synthesis of two types of barium ferrite (BaFe2O4 and BaFe12O19) nanoparticles (NPs) within moving droplets for detecting antihistamine (AH) drugs in oral fluid (OF). The synthesized BaFe2O4 and BaFe12O19 NPs exhibited small particle size, good ultraviolet absorption, and excellent performance in SALDI-MS, as determined by survival yield measurements. The limits-of-detection for AH drugs were in the range of 1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1, and spot-spot reproducibility of the SALDI substrates was satisfactory. Moreover, when analyzing cetirizine in OF, the obtained recoveries of cetirizine were 101% and 99% using BaFe2O4 and BaFe12O19 NP, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method was validated by analyzing OF samples from a healthy volunteer who consumed a 5 mg levocetirizine tablet for seven days. SALDI-MS analysis confirmed the successful detection of endogenous components, the parent ion of cetirizine, and other exogenous substances. This study reports an advanced application of droplet microreactor technology for designing and synthesizing a wide range of novel and efficient SALDI-MS substrates for various applications.

РАЗРАБОТКА СОСТАВА АДГЕЗИВОВ ПОСТОЯННОЙ ЛИПКОСТИ

The ability of adhesives to create a strong connection between the surfaces of different materials has found wide application in various areas of life - in everyday life, industry, and is also widely used in medicine. Currently, for the manufacture of adhesives in medicine, products based on cyanoacrylates, acrylonitrile and other synthetic rubbers are used. This article explores the properties of permanent adhesives for medical use based on natural rubber. For the first time, Cladonia lichen, beeswax from Yakutsk Bee Center LLC and barium ferrite were used as fillers. In this work, 12 recipes of adhesive compositions have been developed and studied. Their physico-mechanical properties, namely, the delamination strength, the breaking force have been studied, and the water absorption of these adhesive compositions has been calculated. The dependence of water absorption of adhesives on the amount of pectin content was revealed. In addition, samples of compositions 8-12 with a diameter of 50 mm were tested on volunteers, where it was found that the glue can stay on the skin for 3 to 5 days, while no allergic reactions were detected. It was found that with the introduction of Cladonia lichen and beeswax into the polymer matrix, in addition to their beneficial properties for the human body, the strength properties of permanent tack adhesives are improved.

Determining the Actual Composition of Nb5+–Ni2+ Codoped Barium Ferrites to Controllably Regulate the Microwave Absorbing Properties

The substitution amount of foreign ions for Fe3+ ions significantly influences the electromagnetic and microwave absorption performance of barium ferrite. To establish the correlation between composition and property, Nb5+–Ni2+ codoped M-type barium ferrite powders with molar ratio of the added Ba2+, Fe3+, Nb5+, and Ni2+ ions being 1:(12–2x):x:x (x = 0–0.8) were prepared by the sol–gel method. The actual substitution amount of Nb5+ and Ni2+ ions for Fe3+ ions are theoretically determined based on the measured concentrations of Fe2+ ions, surface absorbed oxygen, and the lattice parameters of the doped barium ferrite. The calculation results demonstrate that the substitution amount of Ni2+ ions is obviously lower than that of Nb5+ ions in the doped barium ferrites, while the total substitution amount of Nb5+–Ni2+ is still higher than the only Nb5+ ions doping case. As a result, the multiresonant permeability is obviously achieved and dual reflection loss peaks with broad bandwidth ∼12 GHz are apparently observed in the BFNNO with x = 0.4–0.6 over 18–40 GHz. Moreover, the frequency of reflection loss peaks can be adjusted to cover wider frequency range −18 GHz to +40 GHz with variation of x from 0 to 0.8. The developed theoretical calculation approach provides powerful guidance for the controllable design of material composition and regulation of microwave absorption.

Exploration of threshold and resistive-switching behaviors in MXene/BaFe12O19 ferroelectric memristors

Ferroelectric memristors have great potentials to be the key computational element of the brain-inspired neuromorphic system due to their excellent endurance, multi-bit storage ability, ultrafast speed, and ultra-low energy consumption. In this work, novel barium ferrite (BFO: BaFe12O19)-based ferroelectric memristors have been fabricated. Meanwhile, two-dimensional MXene Ti3C2 was inserted onto the dielectric layer for performance enhancement. More importantly, under the regulation of compliance currents, the Cu/Ti3C2/BFO/Pt ferroelectric memristors can convert from stable threshold-switching (TS) to resistive-switching (RS) behavior. The coexistence of the TS and RS demonstrated in this work facilitates the simulation of biological synapses, i.e., short/long-term plasticity, paired-pulse facilitation, and spike-time-dependent plasticity. In addition, the one-bit adder circuit by fitting the non-volatile I-V curve (RS behavior) was demonstrated in the Cadence Virtuoso environment. The deep neural network based on our ferroelectric crossbar arrays has been architected for the image classification (on-chip: 85 %) of the CIFAR-10 dataset. The internal mechanisms are attributed to the combination of barrier variation induced by the ferroelectric polarization and motion of oxygen vacancies, which have been verified by the first-principles calculation of density functional theory. These results may provide possible suggestions for ferroelectric memristors-based neuro-inspired computing systems.

Boosting visible light photocatalysis in BiOI/BaFe12O19 magnetic heterojunction.

Many previous studies have underestimated the role of magnetic components in improving photocatalytic performance. It is significance to explore the migration mechanism of photoinduced carriers in magnetic heterojunction. Here, a magnetic heterojunction, BiOI/BaFe12O19, was synthesized by a simple preparation method. The optimal synthesis conditions and photocatalytic reaction conditions were explored. The growth mechanism of bismuth iodide oxide (BiOI) was elaborated by introducing a micromagnetic field stemming from barium ferrite (BaFe12O19). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Mott-Schottky curve (MS), transient fluorescence spectrometer (PL), and photocurrent response plot (i ~ t) tests indicated that the BiOI/BaFe12O19 possessed a higher transfer capacity of electrons, higher separation efficiency of photoinduced carriers, stronger photocurrent response, and higher carriers density, compared with pure BiOI. The ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer (UV-vis DRS), electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer (EPR), MS, and quenching experiments revealed band structure configuration and migration mechanism of photoinduced carriers. The enhancement mechanism of photocatalysis and photocatalytic reaction mechanism was clearly proclaimed in BiOI/BaFe12O19 catalytic system.

The effect of agarose agent on the structural, magnetic and optical properties of barium hexaferrite nano-particles synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion method

The main goal of this study is to improve the structural, magnetic and optical properties of the M-type barium hexaferrite nano-particles by addition of agarose as a natural agent, which were synthesized by the sol-gel auto-combustion method. For this purpose, properties of the synthesized samples were characterized by DTA-TGA, XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, VSM, and UV–Vis-DRS analyses. The DTA-TGA thermal analyses showed that agarose as a fuel agent could reduce the starting temperature of crystallization in the precursors. Also, based on these results, the temperature of 800 °C was chosen as the calcination temperature of the precursors. XRD patterns confirmed the formation of pure M-type barium hexaferrite without any impurities after calcination at 800 °C. The presence of agarose caused a more homogeneous distribution of metal cations Fe3+ and Ba2+ and the precursor was more easily and completely transformed into hexagonal barium ferrite in the presence of this agent. Also, the Rietveld refinement reported a decrease in average crystallite size from 49.4 to 29.6 nm by adding agarose. In addition, FE-SEM and TEM images showed that the agarose agent significantly reduces the average particle size and also prevents agglomeration of particles. Moreover, magnetic studies indicated that the presence of agarose led to the simultaneous increase of coercivity and remanence magnetization, resulting in an increase of maximum energy product from 0.81 to 0.92 MGOe. Also, the band gap energy (Eg) of the synthesized samples was found in the range of 2.36–2.76 eV. Finally, the significant effect of the agarose agent on the properties of BaFe12O19 nano-particles was clearly explained.

Deposition Fe2O3 Doping Barium Ferrites Thin Films on Glass without Annealing and Study their Microwave Properties

The series of ferrites samples doped by Barium with general formula Barium nitrate Ba(NO3)2 was prepared, The Chemical Spray Pyrolysis (CSP) technique method of preparation of thin films for Iron (III) nitrate Fe(NO3)3.9H2O at (X) values ranging from 0.0 to 7%, where (X) represents the proportion of Barium in ferrite. doping, as well as the factors affecting the preparation of these films, which were deposited on glass Many techniques are used to analyze and test the prepared, sintering temperature has been used which is (450ºC temperature the substrate), to determine the effect of sintering temperature on the final specifications of the samples, (Network analyzer device) has been used to study the microwaves absorption in the range of (X- band) with a frequency range (8 -12.5 GHz). Also X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) has been used to determine the crystal structure and purity of the prepared samples and to calculate the average grain size and micro strain, The samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope device to evaluate the crystal size and to see distribution style after the sintering process, Also the resonance peaks for all types of ferrite appeared at frequencies(9.350, 11.825, and 11.983)

Effect of Ni2+ substitution on structural, magnetic and electrical traits of Ba1-xNixFe2O4

Nickel substituted Barium ferrites is synthesized by citrate gel method. Nickel which is transition metal used to tailor the properties of the Ba spinel ferrites. The characterization techniques such as thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultra-violet diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman analysis and direct current (DC) electrical conductivity are used to investigate various properties. XRD and rietveld refinement confirmed the existence of orthorhombic as well as cubic phase with the decrease in lattice parameters in orthorhombic phase. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of absorption bands for tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Tauc’s plots accredited the increase in band gap with increase in Ni content. The magnetic hysterisis loop exhibited large variation in coercivity and remanence. Increased Yafet-Kittel (Y-K) angle indicated redistribution of ions amongst the sites strenthening the A-B exchange interactions. DC electrical conductivity observed the conductive switching from n-type to p-type. Thermally activated charge carriers and hopping of electrons boost drift mobility. The activation energy of conduction is observed in the range of 0.40 to 0.85 eV. Raman peaks confirmed formation of orthorhombic as well as cubic phase.

Synthesis of Substituted Barium Ferrites and Hexaferrites and Their Electrochemical Characterization

Magnetic nanoparticle has been an attractive area of research in view of their unique physical and chemical properties. [1] In the field of electrochemistry, particularly electroanalysis, they are extensively used as functional materials due to their high surface area, mass transport, catalytic effect, and control over the local environment. Barium based ferrites have emerged as attractive materials of interest due to their interesting physical, chemical, magnetic and electrical properties. [2] Hexaferrite and ferrites such as barium ferrite are very important group of magnetic oxides and these are used in different technologies including sensors because of their specific properties such as low cost, corrosion resistance chemical stability and large magneto crystalline anisotropy. [3] However, the investigation of the effect by various other elements on the structure of hexaferrite and ferrite particles and its electrochemical properties remains the subject of popular research. In this work, mixed metallic oxides hexaferrite and ferrite were synthesized by sol–gel combustion route using glycerin as an adjuvant. [4] Their structure was confirmed by means of X-ray powder diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the morphology of the sample and the vibrations of the functional groups were determined by Raman and IR-ATR spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior of substituted hexaferrite and ferrite were determined by cyclic voltammetry using an Ag/AgCl electrode, platinum wire and a glass carbon electrode (GCE), as reference electrode, counter electrode and working electrode, respectively. The GCE was modified with mixed metal oxides obtained to analyze their electrochemical behavior.Bibliographic Xueli X, Wei S 2019 Materials Technology, 1-5Kefeni, K.K.; Msagati, T.A.; Mamba, B.B. 2017, Sci. Eng. B. 215, 37–55Valenzuela R, Magnetic Ceramics, Chemistry of Solid State Materials 4 serie. Cambridge (Great Britain): Cambridge University Press, 1994, p. 50Sandra F. Basante-Delgado, Dalliver González-Vidal, Jimmy A. MoralesMorales, William A. Aperador-Chaparro, Jairo A. Gómez-Cuaspud, 2020 Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1541 012013

Transition Metal Substituted Barium Hexaferrite-Modified Electrode: Application as Electrochemical Sensor of Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen also known as Paracetamol (APAP) is an antipyretic and analgesic drug, used mainly for the treatment of fever and headache [1]. Prolonged use or accumulation of this drug results in liver problems where it generates hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity [2]. furthermore, the APAP is considered a potential water pollutant where the most-reported route of contamination is via unchanged excretion in urine and feces. In the actuality many new materials have been used to determination interes species implementing electrochemistry using variety of new nanomaterials, these materials show great sensibility when were implemented to modificated a electrodes [3]. The mixed metal oxides like M-type hexagonal ferrites are used in diferentes sensors on account of the magnetics propietis [4].The oxides used in this study were synthesized through the methodology the citric combustion sol-gel route [5]. The synthesized ferrites were characterized by techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (DRX), Spectroscopic RAMAN, IR and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis (FESEM).In this investigation, the electrochemical study was carried out for the quantification of APAP using the techniques of cyclic voltammetry and pulse voltammetry, whit a system of three electrodes: Ag/ AgCl electrode (reference electrode), Pt wire (counter electrode) and glass carbon electrode (GCE) modified with nanoparticles of ferrites BaCo0.5Fe2O4 y Ba0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 (working electrode). In an electrochemical cell using 5 mL phosphate-buffered saline 0.1 M, pH = 2.50 as electrolytic measures. In addition to tests with commercial drugs that contain APAP and a real sample of urine [6].In the electrodes modified with nanoparticles of ferrites, it showed higher current responses for the electrochemical oxidation of APAP than the bare electrode. This can be attributed to the presence of barium ferrites oxides modified with copper and cobalt. The best electroactivity was presented when the electrode modified with barium ferrites substituted with cobalt was used, obtaining a detection limit of 0.255 µM ± 0.005 µM, for barium ferrites substituted with copper and the bare electrode was obtained 0.577 µM ± 0.007 µM and 0.577 µM ± 0.007 µM, respectively. The urine sample was analyzed by the same method, obtaining minimum recovery percentages of 96.6% and 93.9 for the modified electrode with barium ferrites substituted with Cobalt and Copper, respectively.