Aquaculture In Bangladesh Research Articles

Fishpond Mapping by Spectral and Spatial-Based Filtering on Google Earth Engine: A Case Study in Singra Upazila of Bangladesh

Inland aquaculture in Bangladesh has been growing fast in the last decade. The underlying land use/land cover (LULC) change is an important indicator of socioeconomic and food structure change in Bangladesh, and fishpond mapping is essential to understand such LULC change. Previous research often used water indexes (WI), such as Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), to enhance water bodies and use shape-based metrics to assist classification of individual water features, such as coastal aquaculture ponds. However, inland fishponds in Bangladesh are generally extremely small, and little research has investigated mapping of such small water objects without high-resolution images. Thus, this research aimed to bridge the knowledge gap by developing and evaluating an automatic fishpond mapping workflow with Sentinel-2 images that is implemented on Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The workflow mainly includes two steps: (1) the spectral filtering phase that uses a pixel selection technique and an image segmentation method to automatically identify all-year-inundated water bodies and (2) spatial filtering phase to further classify all-year-inundated water bodies into fishponds and non-fishponds using object-based features (OBF). To evaluate the performance of the workflow, we conducted a case study in the Singra Upazila of Bangladesh, and our method can efficiently map inland fishponds with a precision score of 0.788. Our results also show that the pixel selection technique is essential in identifying inland fishponds that are generally small. As the workflow is implemented on GEE, it can be conveniently applied to other regions.

Role of social media in advancement of aquaculture in Bangladesh: Potentials and challenges

Aquaculture production contributes 56.24 percent of the total fish production in Bangladesh. Thestudy was conducted to explore the role and feasibility of social media in advancement of aquaculture inBangladesh and its potentiality and challenges. Nowadays internet is used by 57.2% of total population ofBangladesh. Social media has become ubiquitous and social capital allows a person to draw on resources fromother members of the networks to which he or she belongs. To collect empirical data a number of qualitativeand quantitative tools such as questionnaire interviews, focus group discussion and oral history from differentstakeholders were employed. The study identified 40 communities about aquaculture techniques, systems andinformation sharing on Facebook, the most popular social media in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a countryconsisting of different remote areas such as Haor regions, hilly regions are not easily accessible for physicalextension work of fisheries and aquaculture. Establishing the social media as a bridge between extensionorganization and fish farmers can contribute to make more profitable and sustainable aquaculture sector. Onthe other way, social media can play important role in fisheries and aquaculture research field. Based onliterature review, interview from different stakeholders the research analysis has proposed a conceptual framework for potentiality of social media in advancement of aquaculture in Bangladesh. The study has alsoidentified the challenges of establishment of social media as a tool for aquaculture extension service andprepared some recommendations. The study has found, Social media can be used to spread new techniquesand culture practices to the field. Building community network, developing community infrastructure andcommunity based fisheries management will be also easy to implement through the utilization of social media.

The Super Cyclonic Storm Amphan Inflicts Massive Damage to Coastal Aquaculture in Bangladesh

The Super Cyclonic Storm Amphan Inflicts Massive Damage to Coastal Aquaculture in Bangladesh

Determination on efficacy of selected common water quality treatment chemicals and drugs used in Bangladesh

This experiment “determination on efficacy of common selected water quality treatment drugs and chemicals used in aquaculture in Bangladesh” was conducted for two months in pond at Freshwater Station Mymensingh, BFRI. Experiment was designed into four treatment (T1 -Timsen, T2 -Geofersh, T3 -Geoprime, and T4 –Geotox, Recommended dose of the company was used for treatment), with three replications. This experiment was conducted by using twelve ponds having an area of 40.00 m2 each & average depth was 1.2 m. Twelve ponds were prepared through liming @ 250 kg/ha after drying of pond. After 5 days of liming each of the following drugs Timsen, Geofresh, Geoprime, Geotox was used for each pond. After 3 days of using drugs fingerlings of Gift Tilapia, (ABW: 6.25 ± 0.27 gm), were stocked in all the ponds with same stocking density of 100 fish/pond. Feeding fingerling was maintained twice daily in the morning & evening with commercial Saudi-Bangla feed at the rate of 10% of the body weight in the first week. For second week daily ration was adjusted at the rate of 5% of the body weight. Data on water quality parameters, survivality, and growth were recorded before and after using of drugs. Essential water quality parameters were recorded weekly and growth, survivality were recorded after ten days interval. Histological studies were done 1 month’s interval. It was observed that after using drugs in all treatments the value in case of Timsen pH (8.12±0.58), alkalinity (119.40±9.67), nitrate (0.28±0.04) and phosphate (1.00±0.19), dissolved oxygen (4.56 ± 0.29), were maintained. Ammonia became reduced due to use of drugs. During observation of physical water quality parameters transparency (31.27±3.06) became increased and temperature (28.25±3.38) became lower than control water body. Net production of Gift Tilapia (1955.6 4± 24.28 kg/ha) also provided higher in Timsen treated pond than other treated ponds. Timsen treated pond provided higher tilapia production due to water quality of Timsen treated pond was more optimum than other drugs treated ponds. Histopathological study did not show any negative changes on the organ of fishes. Among all the drug, Timsen was the best in all aspects (improve tilapia fish health and water quality). Other three drugs (Geo-tox, Geo-fresh, and Geo-prime) resulted more or less same result.

Sustainable Aquaculture Futures

Sustainable Aquaculture Futures

Production Risk and Technical Efficiency of Tilapia Aquaculture in Bangladesh

AbstractTilapia is a fast-growing fish that has huge potential for production in Bangladesh. Despite the impressive growth of the industry, production is highly volatile across farms and locations....

Development of pangasius–carp polyculture in Bangladesh: Understanding farm characteristics by, and association between, socio-economic and biological variables

Pangasius–carp polyculture is shaped by multiple socio-economic variables of farmers (explanatory variables) and biological variables of stocked fish (response variables), which make it difficult to interpret for farm characterisation and the association between explanatory and response variables. Multivariate analyses, principal component analysis (PCA), and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) were performed on account of scientific evidence with the dataset of 90 pangasius farmers surveyed from the three main farming areas of Bangladesh. PCA produced four principal components (PC), of which the first three explained maximum variance (57.41%). The first PC explained 27.85% of the variance composed of the stocking density of different carps in pangasius ponds with significant higher factor loadings. This confirmed the major characteristic of pangasius aquaculture in Bangladesh, which is based on mostly native carps and exotic carps minimally. The second PCA was composed of the investment in seed (0.522), drugs and chemicals (0.841), irrigation (0.896), and labour (0.754), pointing to the operating cost. The third PC was loaded with investment in feed (0.930) and yield of pangasius (0.960) and carps (0.704). CCA generated three canonical functions (CFs) explaining different patterns of linkages between explanatory and response variables. The first one revealed the highest significant correlation between two sets of variables (r1 = 0.94). The response variables, including the yield of pangasius (1.02), stocking density of pangasius (0.87), catla (0.74), and rohu (0.55), were linked to the explanatory variables, including the investment in feed to the pangasius pond (0.87), experience of farmers in aquaculture (0.83), and labour investment (0.58). This unpacked a subtle relationship between the stocking density of fish species and major operating cost that farmers built by their experience. In the other two CFs, the linkages between the explanatory and response variables are explained. However, commonly, the stocking density of catla, a tasty and high value fish, was linked to higher factor loadings in all three CFs. This was because farmers stocked catla as a ‘pond cleaner’ and ‘financial safeguard’ species in pangasius–carp polyculture. The study showed the potentials for improving the existing pangasius–carp polyculture through action research to harness species composition, optimise stocking density, and maximise yield and profits.

Molecular identification of oomycete species affecting aquaculture in Bangladesh

Fish mycotic disease outbreaks occur due to infections with oomycete pathogens such as Saprolegnia spp. and Aphanomyces invadans, and cause large-scale fish production losses. Despite its negative impact on aquaculture, little is known about the diversity of oomycete pathogens. The aim of this study was to identify the diversity of pathogenic oomycetes causing infections in major aquaculture zones of Mymensingh and Jessore regions in Bangladesh. A total of 449 water and infected fish samples were collected from 28 fish farms in both regions of which 29 samples were able to grow out with mycelia on the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA)/Glucose Peptone Yeast Agar (GPYA) plates. Sequence database searches using the rRNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region revealed that 15 belonged to Pythium spp., 12 were Aphanomyces invadans and two corresponded to Saprolegnia parasitica. Five isolates of Pythium spp. were identified to the species level: one was closely related to Pythium catenulatum, four to Pythium rhizo-oryzae, rest were identified up to genus. The Pythium spp. were only isolated from water samples whereas A. invadans and S. parasitica were found in fish lesions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that a single A. invadans clone exists in the sampled area. The results obtained confirm the existence of pathogenic oomycetes in Bangladesh fish farms and this will pave future research on diversity, prevention and control measures.

Analogical viewpoint of fisheries and aquaculture between Bangladesh and Nigeria: potential of knowledge transferability

The inland fisheries and aquaculture of Bangladesh and Nigeria were critically examined with a view to comparing their fish production and farming systems, nature of seed supply, contribution to country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the transferability of experiences towards development of the fisheries sector. A review-based study was conducted based on the available information in journals articles, reports, Bangladesh and Nigeria Departments of Fisheries Statistical Year Books, text books, thesis and web documents. There are considerable similarities between Bangladesh and Nigeria in terms of geographical position, agro-ecology, fisheries resources and the socio-economic condition, fish eating tradition and domestic demand for fish consumption of the people. Bangladesh aquaculture systems though mainly semi-intensive but more developed than that of Nigeria in terms of fish seed and feed supply while Nigeria, though adopts the intensive culture technique but experiences lower production and higher import of fish. From the findings of this review, it could be argued that Bangladesh needs to fully harness its abundant resources such as seeds, ponds, water, so as to achieve self-sufficiency in fish supply and develop export market. Alternatively, Nigeria needs to adopt, diversify and invest more in aquaculture and fisheries receiving learning from an aquaculture growing country, like Bangladesh, so as to increase production and reduce import.
 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 523–532, December 2018

Holistic water quality dynamics in rural artificial shallow water bodies

The water environment in diversely used rural artificial water bodies is generally varied with seasonal and diurnal changes, stability of which is significant in water resources management. Understanding of interaction among different water quality parameters that depend on their diurnal variations is the concern of this study. A rural homestead pond used for aquaculture in Bangladesh and a micro-dam used as an irrigation tank for paddy farming in Japan are chosen for contrasting the analysis of data. The observed data series of four typical water quality parameters exhibits the diurnal variations, which are primarily inferred to be driven by solar radiation and complex bio-chemical interactions. The study proposes a stochastic differential equation model to represent holistic water quality dynamics based on continuous measurements. The water quality parameters are considered as temporally continuous Markov process, where their individual effects on each parameter are evaluated in a specific time step and immediately reflected to the next observation. The model parameters are calibrated and the stability is discussed based on the eigenvalues of model parameters. The result mostly shows the mean reverting properties for dissolved oxygen and water temperature, while pH and oxidation reduction potential are rather depend on other parameters or external disturbance.

Community Based Coastal Aquaculture Site Selection for the Rural Poor

Coastal aquaculture in Bangladesh was started in the early 1970s with extensive production system which gradually progress towards semi-intensive mode of shrimp monoculture and extended to about 150,000ha of coastal land. The extent of farming area has been horizontally increased that gradually encroached mangrove forest, agricultural land and wet meadows as well as creating ecological imbalance and environmental hazards. Unfortunately, there have been repeated production losses since 1994 principally for white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) epidemics along with related disease conditions.

Measuring the potential for sustainable intensification of aquaculture in Bangladesh using life cycle assessment

Food production is a major driver of global environmental change and the overshoot of planetary sustainability boundaries. Greater affluence in developing nations and human population growth are also increasing demand for all foods, and for animal proteins in particular. Consequently, a growing body of literature calls for the sustainable intensification of food production, broadly defined as "producing more using less". Most assessments of the potential for sustainable intensification rely on only one or two indicators, meaning that ecological trade-offs among impact categories that occur as production intensifies may remain unaccounted for. The present study addresses this limitation using life cycle assessment (LCA) to quantify six local and global environmental consequences of intensifying aquaculture production in Bangladesh. Production data are from a unique survey of 2,678 farms, and results show multidirectional associations between the intensification of aquaculture production and its environmental impacts. Intensification (measured in material and economic output per unit primary area farmed) is positively correlated with acidification, eutrophication, and ecotoxicological impacts in aquatic ecosystems; negatively correlated with freshwater consumption; and indifferent with regard to global warming and land occupation. As production intensifies, the geographical locations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, acidifying emissions, freshwater consumption, and land occupation shift from the immediate vicinity of the farm to more geographically dispersed telecoupled locations across the globe. Simple changes in fish farming technology and management practices that could help make the global transition to more intensive forms of aquaculture be more sustainable are identified.

An assessment of health management practices and occupational health hazards in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) aquaculture in Bangladesh

Diseases have been recognized as the major obstacle to the shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) aquaculture production in Bangladesh. This study provides an assessment of shrimp and prawn diseases/syndromes, health management practices, and occupational health hazards associated with the handling of chemical and biological products to prevent and treat shrimp and prawn diseases. A survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire with 380 shrimp and prawn farmers in the southwest of Bangladesh during February and June of 2016. The farms were categorized on the basis of the three cropping patterns: shrimp polyculture, prawn polyculture, and shrimp and prawn polyculture. Eight different diseases and/or symptoms were reported by the surveyed farmers. The white spot disease and the broken antenna and rostrum symptom were the most common in shrimp and prawn species, respectively. In total, 35 chemical and biological products (4 antibiotics, 15 disinfectants, 13 pesticides, 2 feed additives and probiotics) were used to treat and/or prevent diseases in the all farm categories. The major constraints for disease management were limited access to disease diagnostic service, inadequate product application information and lack of knowledge on better management practices. Handling chemicals and preparation of medicated feed with bare hands was identified as a potential occupational health hazard. This study suggests improvements in farmers’ knowledge and skill in disease diagnostics and health management practices, and appropriate handling of potentially hazardous chemicals.

Risk factors associated with tilapia and pangasius diseases

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) are currently very important and popular species for aquaculture inBangladesh. They are cultured commercially in high stocking densities which are accompanied by several risk factors leading to disease outbreaks. The present study was carried out to investigate diseases of these two species under farming condition with special emphasis on risk factors analysis and their health management strategies. Data were collected through questionnaire interview and focus group discussion with farmers. Altogether 50 farmers were interviewed of which 25 were tilapia farmers and 25 were pangus farmers in Trishal upazila of Mymensingh district. Possible risks were assessed using certain parameters like season of disease occurrence, presence of predators in farms, contact with livestock, maintenance of farm hygiene, sharing of farming tools, feeding of fish and pond management measures. It was found that presence of predatory birds, maintenance of good farm hygiene, sharing of tools, increased stocking densities and improper pond management were the major risks of disease outbreak. The most prevalent clinical signs of diseased fish included anal protrusion and red spot on body surface in case of pangus while pop and red eye and gas problems were common in both pangasius and tilapia. Generally, pangus were found more susceptible to disease than tilapia. Predatory birds were a big problem in the study area. They act as a potential carrier of infectious organisms among farms from farm to farm.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 325-331, December 2017

Occurrence, distribution, ecological and resistance risks of antibiotics in surface water of finfish and shellfish aquaculture in Bangladesh

The present study for the first time reports the occurrence, distribution, ecological and resistance risks of antibiotics in the surface water of freshwater finfish and brackish water shellfish aquaculture in Bangladesh. Among the nine targets, seven antibiotics were detected in finfish aquaculture, whereas four in shellfish aquaculture. The concentrations (ranges) and overall detection frequency of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (nd-20.02 ng L−1 and 73%), trimethoprim (TMP) (nd-41.67 ng L−1 and 60%), tylosin (TYL) (nd-39.34 ng L−1 and 60%), sulfadiazine (SDZ) (nd-17.97 ng L−1 and 53%), sulfamethazine (SMT) (nd-11.71 ng L−1 and 33%), sulfamethizole (SMZ) (nd-10.81 ng L−1 and 40%) and penicillin G (PC_G) (nd-7.83 ng L−1, 7%) were found in finfish aquaculture. In case of shellfish aquaculture, the concentrations (ranges) and overall detection frequency were for SMX (nd-16.77 ng L−1 and 67%), TMP (nd-11.39 ng L−1 and 20%), TYL (nd-0.16 ng L−1 and 20%) and erythromycin-H2O (ERY-H2O) (nd-3.91 ng L−1 and 20%). The present findings revealed that finfish aquaculture is more contaminated with the higher numbers and concentrations of antibiotics. The preliminary ecological and resistance risks assessment showed that the calculated risk quotients (RQs) were lower than one (RQs<1) for all the detected antibiotics in both aquaculture. Preliminary ecological and resistance risks assessment revealed that there were no adverse ecological and resistance risks, however, our study suggests that it is imperative to pay due attention to monitor the antibiotics contamination in rapid growing aquaculture sector of Bangladesh for the reduction of potential risks of antibiotics on aquatic organisms as well as human health.

The “quiet revolution” in the aquaculture value chain in Bangladesh

The study has produced a single, powerful finding: the fish value chain in Bangladesh is growing and transforming very rapidly, in all segments. (1) The quiet revolution in the fish value chain is a domestic market revolution: 94% of aquaculture production is destined for domestic consumption. (2) The farmed fish market grew by a factor of 25 times in three decades to nearly 2milliontons today. At most 10% of farmed fish are home-consumed, the rest are marketed. 42% of marketed farmed fish is consumed in urban areas and that share is growing fast. (3) There has been a tripling of volumes and actors in all the segments of the value chain over the past decade. (4) There has been rapid capital deepening in the form of investments by hundreds of thousands of actors in the fish value chain; apparent in a great jump in feed use, investment in equipment and pond construction, and investments in mills, hatcheries and vehicles. These investments have been made by, and provided opportunities for, a multitude of smallholder farmers and small and medium enterprises throughout the chain. (5) There has been diversification and specialization beyond carps into production of commercial species such as tilapia and pangasius catfish, which have raised yields and helped to move the fisheries sector along the “product cycle.” (6) So far the quiet revolution is driven by increase in demand, improvement in infrastructure, and investments by small-scale actors apart from large feed mills. Very little change is due to imposition of standards and contracts, or NGO or government action (except initial government support at the earliest stages in the 1980s). The most important policy has been infrastructure investment, good business environment, and laissez faire policy in terms of crop choice of farmers. Statement of relevanceThis study focuses on the transformation of aquaculture in Bangladesh, a dynamic sector that has been driven by investments of hundreds of thousands of mainly small actors in the fish value chain. Investments that have bolstered the diversification beyond the production of carps, into production of new commercial species, raising yields and then reducing the price of consumed fish over time.

Impacts of and resilience to climate change at the bottom of the shrimp commodity chain in Bangladesh: A preliminary investigation

In the context of the exhaustion of marine fisheries, aquaculture increasingly plays a mounting role in the world economy and food security. However, it is confronted with and deeply affected by various threats and disruptions caused by global climate change. Bangladesh, a key site for global aquaculture production, contributes very little to global green-house gas emissions; however, it is one of the worst victims of climatic turmoil. While Bangladesh earns a large amount of foreign currency from the commercial shrimp providing livelihoods for millions, its goal of a sustainable aquaculture is recently hindered by its exposure to climate change vulnerability and extremes. Coastal Bangladesh, where shrimp is cultured, is frequently affected by extreme climatic disruptions like cyclones and storm surges that severely damage the entire coastal aquaculture. Drawing on primary and secondary data from Bangladesh shrimp industry, and using conceptual threads of climate vulnerability and resilience, this paper critically examines how and to what extent shrimp aquaculture in Bangladesh—located at the bottom of a buyer-driven commodity chain— becomes vulnerable and builds resilience to global climate change. Statement of relevance•Aquaculture in the coastal Bangladesh is one of the worst victims of global climate change.•Shrimp aquaculture is frequently affected by cyclones and storm surges.•Worst victims are the small scale farmers and fry collectors located at the bottom of a buyer-driven commodity chain.•Most small bagda farming households in Bangladesh do not seem to be resilient in any meaningful sense.

Shrimp aquaculture in Bangladesh: Domestic regulatory responses and compliance with MEAs

The Bangladeshi shrimp industry brings substantial economic benefits to the Bangladesh economy, as well as significant, negative socio-economic and environmental externalities. Despite numerous domestic environmental protection laws on the shrimp industry, serious concerns regarding biodiversity and coastal protection remain as Bangladesh continues to promote a sustainable shrimp industry.These issues present several impediments to improved environmental outcomes, as well as to compliance with key multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) entered into by the Bangladeshi government. This article examines the key environmental legislation regulating the domestic shrimp industry, and analyzes the industry's compliance with MEA obligations. This article also recommends potential areas for domestic reform to improve compliance and to promote a sustainable shrimp industry for Bangladesh.

Higher fish but lower micronutrient intakes: Temporal changes in fish consumption from capture fisheries and aquaculture in Bangladesh

Malnutrition is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century, with one in three people in the world malnourished, combined with poor diets being the leading cause of the global burden of disease. Fish is an under-recognised and undervalued source of micronutrients, which could play a more significant role in addressing this global challenge. With rising pressures on capture fisheries, demand is increasingly being met from aquaculture. However, aquaculture systems are designed to maximise productivity, with little consideration for nutritional quality of fish produced. A global shift away from diverse capture species towards consumption of few farmed species, has implications for diet quality that are yet to be fully explored. Bangladesh provides a useful case study of this transition, as fish is the most important animal-source food in diets, and is increasingly supplied from aquaculture. We conducted a temporal analysis of fish consumption and nutrient intakes from fish in Bangladesh, using nationally representative household expenditure surveys from 1991, 2000 and 2010 (n = 25,425 households), combined with detailed species-level nutrient composition data. Fish consumption increased by 30% from 1991–2010. Consumption of non-farmed species declined by 33% over this period, compensated (in terms of quantity) by large increases in consumption of farmed species. Despite increased total fish consumption, there were significant decreases in iron and calcium intakes from fish (P<0.01); and no significant change in intakes of zinc, vitamin A and vitamin B12 from fish, reflecting lower overall nutritional quality of fish available for consumption over time. Our results challenge the conventional narrative that increases in food supply lead to improvements in diet and nutrition. As aquaculture becomes an increasingly important food source, it must embrace a nutrition-sensitive approach, moving beyond maximising productivity to also consider nutritional quality. Doing so will optimise the complementary role that aquaculture and capture fisheries play in improving nutrition and health.

Production in Small Scale Aquaculture Farm: A Success Story from Bangladesh

Small scale aquaculture plays an important role in rural poverty elevation. Present study was carried out at Ramgonj Upazila (sub-district) of Bangladesh and aimed to fathom out the story of small scale aquaculture in Bangladesh with its problems, solution and economics. Data were collected from personal interview and participatory observation. Small scale aquaculture in Bangladesh plays a significant role in meeting the homestead fish protein demand and serves as an important livelihood option. Rural people of Bangladesh convert house hold pond to culture farm and faced problem which includes fund, disease, feed crisis, bloom and others. Therefore, government involvement and providing extension service can mitigate these problems.