Bamboo Fabric Research Articles

Gentle fabrication of colorful superhydrophobic bamboo based on metal-organic framework

The efficient use of abundant renewable bamboo as high value-added decoration and building materials is of great significance for mitigating carbon dioxide emissions and maintaining sustainable development. The key challenge is to explore efficient and gentle methods to improve the undesirable surface properties of bamboo. Herein, a colorful and superhydrophobic bamboo is gently fabricated by a facile in-situ growth and conversion method based on metal-organic framework (for constructing micro-nano composite structures) and subsequent coating of sodium laurate (for reducing surface energy) at room temperature. The resulting sodium laurate-coated cobalt-nickel double hydroxide layer (CoNi-DH-La) is demonstrated as an efficient superhydrophobic layer to exhibit excellent chemical and mechanical stability. Impressively, the as-obtained CoNi-DH-La-coated bamboo sheet (BS-CoNi-DH-La) shows positive performances in terms of mildew resistance, flame retardancy, and self-cleaning. More importantly, this gentle method can endow bamboo with multiple unfading colors by changing the type of inorganic salts during the preparation process and display good potential for large-scale production.

Effects of two-organic-acid-dissolved chitosan on antibacterial properties of bamboo pulp-based fabrics

Bamboo pulping fabrics (BPFs), one of the most important textile materials for clothing industry, has many excellent characteristics such as soft, skin-friendly, and hygroscopic, etc., but some drawbacks especially mildewed, causing customers’ concerns. This experiment evaluated effects of two organic acids, acetic acid (AA) and citric acid (CA), as solvents for dissolving chitosan on the antibacterial properties of chitosan-treated BPFs with the intention of replacing AA with CA because previous research finding indicated the strong acid smelling of BPFs treated with chitosan dissolved in AA. Experimental results indicated that BPFs treated chitosan dissolved in CA had a significantly higher antibacterial rate than ones treated with chitosan dissolved in AA within each of five chitosan mass fraction levels investigated. Antibacterial rates of BPFs treated with chitosan dissolved in AA and CA increased as chitosan mass fraction increased, but increasing rates were different between BPFs treated with chitosan dissolved in AA and CA. No acid sour smell was detected for BPFs treated with chitosan dissolved in CA.

Analogy of Isophthalic Polyester Based Bamboo Fabric Mat and E glass Reinforced Composite

Bamboo (Bambusoideae) normally found abundant in South Asian region is known to have a better fabric property which is now researched as a natural alternative in various applications and field. Various research are being carried out to find a suitable replacement for the non-bio degradable plastic reinforced composites, which has a negative impact on the Environment. A similar attempt is made to present an overview of recent research efforts addressing the properties of isophthalic polyester based Bamboo fabric mat as a replacement for E-glass fabric. The Bamboo fabric is made water repellent and the properties are promoted through mercerization process. The mercerization process is done using 8% of sodium in water to form the sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The property of the fabric is further promoted by adding charcoal, during the hand moulding process. The composite material is developed with the help of isophthalic polyester resin with 2% of accelerator and hardener used along with it. Experiments are carried out as per ASTM standards to find the mechanical properties namely, tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, and impact strength. In addition to mechanical properties, water absorption capacity and the rate of burning of the composites is also studied. Further, fractured surface of the specimen is subjected to morphological study using scanning electron microscope. With help of the research and study, it can be found whether the isophthalic resin-based bamboo fabric mat can be used as an alternate for E-Glass fabric composite in various applications such as automobile and structural applications.

Impact of Surface Treatments and Hybrid Flame Retardants on Flammability, and Thermal Performance of Bamboo Paper Composites

ABSTRACT In this article, bamboo nonwoven fabric (BF) is introduced as reinforcement into the vinyl ester (VE) matrix for the manufacturing of BF/VE composites through Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Mold process. Eco-friendly (NaHCO3) and other common treatments (NaOH and Silane) are applied to BF to modify the surface chemistry, thereby improving the mechanical strength (tensile modulus 10(NHTB), 11(NCTB) and 11% (SiTB); flexural modulus 11(NHTB) and 90% (SiTB) and impact strength 23% (SiTB)) and thermal properties. Besides, the three flame retardants (FRs) (chitosan (CS), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and zinc borate) are incorporated with various percentages (3 and 6) for the improvement of flame retardancy of the BF composites and the experiments are proceeded by Taguchi L9 orthogonal array (OA) through the layup method. The nature of pure and modified BF is analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy exhibited the removal of the constituents and formation of reactive sites, etc. The effect of treatment on the thermal and flame retardant properties is analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, horizontal burning test, and microcalorimeter, respectively. The thermal stability, burning rate, and peak heat release rate were significantly changed than that of pure BF composites.

EFFECT OF INITIATOR CONCENTRATION ON THE MECHANICAL AND DEGRADATION PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO FABRIC REINFORCED POLYESTER RESIN COMPOSITES

This research work aims to fabricate bamboo fabric reinforced polyester composites (BFRPCs) and investigate the mechanical and degradation properties of BFRPCs. Composite samples were prepared using hand lay-up technique. Bamboo fabric was used as reinforcement material, unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) was used as matrix and Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) was used as initiator which was employed as 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4% concentration. The mechanical properties of the BFRPC samples such as tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), bending strength (BS), bending modulus (BM) and impact strength (IS) were conducted. The degradation behaviors of the composites in soil burial, immersed in alkaline water and saline water were also evaluated. The BFRPC sample with 2 (%) MEKP concentration showed better tensile properties with TS and TM values of 39 MPa and 744 MPa respectively. For the 1 (%) MEKP concentration, the maximum values of BS, BM and IS were found to be 62.8 MPa, 1229 MPa and 25.7 kJ/m2 respectively. In the case of soil burial degradation the BFRPC sample with 1 (%) MEKP concentration shows better performance against loss of TS. No significant effect was found on the alkaline and saline water degradation properties of BFPRC for the variation of MEKP concentration. With the increase of all types of degradation time, decrease the tensile strength of all BFRPC samples.

Design and Development of Surgical Gown using Red Seaweed Extract for Hygienic Textiles

The drastic growth in the area of technical textiles and their end-use in healthcare and hygienic textiles create numerous opportunities for the application of novel finishing agents. Novel finishing agents with improved functionality act as natural antimicrobial agents will help to reduce the adverse effects caused by microbes and it is used for several end applications particularly in the barrier material and infection control. The present study was to develop the surgical gown and investigate the presence of bioactive compounds present in the Acanthophora Spicifera seaweed and analysis the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the extract and the treated fabrics using DPPH scavenging activity, disc diffusion, and ENISO20645 test methods. The extractobtained from red seaweed is applied to the bamboo fabric using the pad-dry-cure method for making surgical gown material. The test result shows that the maximum antibacterial activity of the 28mm inhibition zone was observed and the maximum antioxidant inhibition percentage of 77 ±0.17%for both extract and treated fabrics.The presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, and Anthocyanins in the herbal extract was analyzed by using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and the functional group present in the herbal extract was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation Spectroscopy (FTIR). The physical and comfort properties like air permeability, tensile strength, tearing strength, and wicking behaviour of the treated fabrics were decreases compared to untreated fabrics.Thetreated fabrics are used for a variety of medical applications such as gloves, surgical drapes, wound healing,operation room table covers, and face masks for hygienic and healthcare textiles.

Fabrication and evaluation of bamboo fabric coated with extracts of Curcuma longa, Centella asiatica and Azadirachta indica as a wound dressing material

Biomaterials are used on wounds as a dressing material to prevent the infection and to heal the wounds. In this present study, pure bamboo fabric has been selected for construction of functional part of bandage, coated with natural herbs such as Azadirachta indica, Centella asiatica, and Curcuma longa by microcapsules and exhaustion method. The binding of extracts to the fabric was confirmed through FTIR and FESEM analysis at 1 µm magnification. The air-permeability of the fabricate samples shows 100 cm3/cm2/s and the bursting strength was found to be 5.5 kg/cm2. The extension at break and recover of fabricated material was 101% and 24% respectively. The extract coated fabric expressed good water contact angle (50.51°–58.69°) and swelling property of about 337–320% at 10 mg/ml extract concentration. All fabrics exhibited good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, the major microbes present in the wounds. The prepared dressing material had shown only 20% degradation against lysozyme enzyme with no allergic reactions. Furthermore, wound healing ability of BFC-Cl, BFC-Ai and BFC-Ca were tested on Albino Wistar rats and found that extracts coated fabric took 15 days for complete healing of wound.

Improving the thermal comfort properties of bamboo and bamboo blended fabrics for sports head scarves

In this work, the thermal comfort properties of bamboo & bamboo blended women’s head scarves that are worn by females during sports events activities have been investigated. Comfort can be described by the physically relaxed state that is devoid from any pain. Single jersey knitted fabrics samples were produced with the same loop-length from three different types of fibres. The three fibres types were bamboo, cotton, polyester microfiber and their blends with various feeder arrangements. Linear density of bamboo and cotton yarns were 30/1 Ne. Polyester microfiber yarns with Liner density 150 D/144f were used. Results showed that even with same blend ratios, the arrangement of the yarns inside the fabric has an effect on fabric thickness. Moreover, bamboo fabrics scored the lowest weight due to their low specific density, which greatly enhances the comfort levels compared to the other samples. Results obtained show that, Bamboo samples have excelled properties in term of thermal conductivity and Qmax tests compared to other samples

Impact of Surface Treatments and Hybrid Flame Retardants on Flammability, and Thermal Performance of Bamboo Fabric Composites

ABSTRACT In this article, bamboo nonwoven fabric (BF) is introduced as reinforcement into the vinyl ester (VE) matrix for the manufacturing of BF/VE composites through Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Mold process. Eco-friendly (NaHCO3) and other common treatments (NaOH and Silane) are applied to BF to modify the surface chemistry, thereby improving the mechanical strength (tensile modulus 10(NHTB), 11(NCTB) and 11% (SiTB); flexural modulus 11(NHTB) and 90% (SiTB) and impact strength 23% (SiTB)) and thermal properties. Besides, the three flame retardants (FRs) (chitosan (CS), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and zinc borate) are incorporated with various percentages (3 and 6) for the improvement of flame retardancy of the BF composites and the experiments are proceeded by Taguchi L9 orthogonal array (OA) through the layup method. The nature of pure and modified BF is analyzed using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy exhibited the removal of the constituents and formation of reactive sites, etc. The effect of treatment on the thermal and flame retardant properties is analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, horizontal burning test, and microcalorimeter, respectively. The thermal stability, burning rate, and peak heat release rate were significantly changed than that of pure BF composites.

Influence of stacking sequence on the mechanical properties of 3D E-glass/bamboo non-woven hybrid epoxy composites

Hybridization of composites is one of the many ways to optimize cost, manufacturing process and strength required for a particular application. This demands a need for knowledge about the best possible ways to deal with the dissimilar materials in the composite system. Very little light has been shed about the stacking sequence implemented while dealing with non-woven natural fiber mats and 3D woven glass fiber fabric as reinforcement and effects of different models on the strength of composite – which has been dealt very vividly in this research work. Two types of hybrid stacking sequence were implemented using non-woven bamboo fiber mat and 3D E-glass fiber fabric, namely H1, which has two bamboo mats at the centre with a glass fabric on either side as extreme layers, and H2, which has 3 glass fabric and 2 bamboo mat placed stacked alternatively with glass fabric being as extreme layers on either side again. For comparative purposes, 4 layers each of E-glass fabric and bamboo mat composites were also made. Tensile, flexural and ILSS tests were conducted on all four of these samples and results showed that lying between the consistent superior strength displayed by pure glass composite and inferior strength of pure bamboo composite, the H1 sample stacking sequence performed better than the H2 sample. The major reason for the failure of the hybrid composites was observed to be due to delamination at dissimilar laminae boundary which were more in H2 samples than H1 composite. Scanning Electron Microscopy was employed to understand the modes of failure.

Textile-based supercapacitors for flexible and wearable electronic applications

Electronic textiles have garnered significant attention as smart technology for next-generation wearable electronic devices. The existing power sources lack compatibility with wearable devices due to their limited flexibility, high cost, and environment unfriendliness. In this work, we demonstrate bamboo fabric as a sustainable substrate for developing supercapacitor devices which can easily integrate to wearable electronics. The work demonstrates a replicable printing process wherein different metal oxide inks are directly printed over bamboo fabric substrates. The MnO2–NiCo2O4 is used as a positive electrode, rGO as a negative electrode, and LiCl/PVA gel as a solid-state electrolyte over the bamboo fabrics for the development of battery-supercapacitor hybrid device. The textile-based MnO2–NiCo2O4//rGO asymmetric supercapacitor displays excellent electrochemical performance with an overall high areal capacitance of 2.12 F/cm2 (1,766 F/g) at a current density of 2 mA/cm2, the excellent energy density of 37.8 mW/cm3, a maximum power density of 2,678.4 mW/cm3 and good cycle life. Notably, the supercapacitor maintains its electrochemical performance under different mechanical deformation conditions, demonstrating its excellent flexibility and high mechanical strength. The proposed strategy is beneficial for the development of sustainable electronic textiles for wearable electronic applications.

Evaluation of The Comfort Properties of Pile Fabrics

The Pile fabrics industry is one of the most important and popular textile industries in the world market, due to its high ability to provide warmth and resistance to wrinkle and high drapeability, In addition to the ability of fabrics to absorb liquids. The objective of the research is to evaluate the comfort properties of cotton and bamboo fabrics and to find the relationship between the factors and variables of the pile production and these properties. The purpose of the fabric: the purpose of the pile fabric is to obtain the largest possible surface of threads and fabrics to help the drying process, which is the primary purpose of the fabric. Research problem: There are different types of pile fabrics that are used for various purposes and are produced from different textile materials. There is not enough research to explain the quality of some species in terms of comfort properties. In addition to that identifying the factors and variables that affect the quality of these fabrics and their suitability for the purpose for which they were produced. Aim of the research: The research aims to identify and evaluate the comfort properties of the pile fabrics, which produced from cotton and bamboo materials and to identify the most important variables of the production of piles that affect these properties. Results were statically analyzed using the statics program (SPSS). The T-test was performed to study the difference between the results of the comfort properties of both cotton and bamboo. The multiple regression model could also be found to establish the relationship between the piles variables as independent factors and the results of every comfort properties for both cotton and bamboo fabrics. The results confirmed that the independent factor (pile high) has the greatest effect on most of the properties followed by the leveling factor (piles density) except for the air permeability. The results were graphically been represented, and the results showed that bamboo material outperformed the cotton fabrics in most comfort properties except static electricity and softness. It was also found that the pile variables production were directly proportional to both the amount of water absorption and the amount of thermal insulation. The lack of effect on the static electricity property and were inversely proportional to the rest of the comfort properties.

Fabrication of High-Performance Bamboo-Plastic Composites Reinforced by Natural Halloysite Nanotubes.

Bamboo-plastic composites (BPCs) as new biomass-plastic composites have recently attracted much attention. However, weak mechanical performance and high moisture absorption as well as low thermal stability greatly limit their industrial applications. In this context, different amounts of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were used as a natural reinforcing filler for BPCs. It was found that the thermal stability of BPCs increased with increasing HNT contents. The mechanical strength of BPCs was improved with the increase in HNT loading up to 4 wt% and then worsened, while the impact strengths were slightly reduced. Low HNT content (below 4 wt%) also improved the dynamic thermomechanical properties and reduced the water absorption of the BPCs. Morphological studies confirmed the improved interfacial compatibility of the BPC matrix with 4 wt% HNT loading, and high-concentration HNT loading (above 6 wt%) resulted in easy agglomeration. The results highlight that HNTs could be a feasible candidate as nanoreinforcements for the development of high-performance BPCs.

Fabrication of a novel magnetic reconstituted bamboo with mildew resistance properties

As an important ecological, industrial and cultural biomass resource, bamboo has become a sunrise forestry industry in China. Magnetic bamboo-based composites not only have important engineering application value, but also have great potential in new technology fields such as electronics, optics, energy and so on. In this paper, we combine the traditional bamboo recombination technology with in-situ coprecipitation to fabricate magnetic reconstituted bamboo board. By doing this, it is convenient to improve the loading capacity of magnetic nanomaterials in composites from 2D surface loading to 3D body loading. SEM, EDS mapping, VSM, FT-IR and AFM are introduced to investigate the synthesized magnetic reconstituted bamboo board along with its corresponding magnetized bamboo bundle units to verify their successful synthesis and related properties. Furthermore, compared with the common bamboo board reconstituted with heat-treated bamboo bundles, Fe3O4 loaded reconstituted bamboo board possesses excellent magnetism and mildew resistance. Especially, no infection is observed on the surface of the magnetic reconstituted bamboo board after incubation for as long as 31 days.

Study of Wound Dressing Material Coated with Natural Extracts of Calotropis Gigantean, Eucalyptus Globulus and Buds of Syzygium Aromaticum Solution Enhanced with rhEGF (REGEN-DTM 60)

ABSTRACT In this work, the leave extracts of Calotropis gigantean, Eucalyptus globulus and buds of Syzygium aromaticum were prepared and coated on natural fibers based bamboo gauze fabric for wound dressing applications. The fabrics coated with different compositions of the natural extract were enhanced with rhEGF (REGEN-D™ 60). The morphology of developed samples was studied using SEM to know its pores sizes. Various mechanical properties have been studied. The antibacterial activity was studied using Gram positive and negative types of bacteria. The wound healing efficacy of the coated fabric samples were studied through in vivo method. The type of wound selected for the study was second degree wound. The dorsal surface of the rat’s skin was removed and second degree wound was created. Then the developed fabric samples were dressed over the wound surface and the wound healing was studied by wound closure rate in equal interval of days. A specified composition of natural extracts coated on bamboo gauze fabric enhanced with rhEGF (REGEN-D™ 60) exhibits good antibacterial property was confirmed from the formation of zone of inhibition in antibacterial test against Escherichia coli and a Staphylococcus aureus and appropriate wound closure rate on second degree wound through in vivo evaluation.

Roll-to roll initiated chemical vapor deposition of super hydrophobic thin films on large-scale flexible substrates

In this study, a large-scale roll-to-roll initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) system was developed to allow for coating superhydrophobic thin films on flexible substrates. Poly(hexafluorobutyl acrylate), which possesses a short fluorinated side-chain, was chosen as the hydrophobic finish material, while a commercial porous bamboo fabric was used as the flexible substrate. After iCVD coating, bamboo surface, which is superhydrophilic by its nature, transformed into a superhydrophobic with a water contact angle of 156° without changing its porous and flexible structure. Similar hydrophobic properties were observed against various daily liquids. Complete coverage of as-deposited films on both sides of bamboo surfaces was observed at very high roll speeds up to 225 mm/min, which allow coatings on 20 m2 flexible substrates in a single run. Large scale contact angle and chemical uniformity of coatings on fabric surfaces were evaluated using contact angle and XPS analyses.

Examination of Selected Upper Shoe Materials Based on Bamboo Fabrics

In this paper the authors describe the creation of new material packages based on bamboo textile materials for upper shoe material. These packages were made up of three layers: an inner layer in the foot skin neighbourhood, outer layer – which contacted with the surrounding environment, and a medium layer – polyurethane foam of a thickness of 2 mm. Experimetal tests consisted in the measurement of hygienic parameters (water vapour absorption and permeability) and some mechanical indicators important from the user’s point of view, like the elongation property and maximum force at break. The packages based on bamboo materials were compared with a standard composition: cotton – polyurethane foam – cotton. The results obtained showed, that in a lot of cases, the use of bamboo materials as lining or an outer layer is a good possibility to improve the hygienic and mechanical properties of newly formed material compositions.

BAMBU SÜPREM ÖRME KUMAŞLARIN TERMAL TRANSFER BASKI SİSTEMİNDEKİ BASILABİLİRLİĞİ

Thermal transfer printing system, which works transferred onto textile fabric by heat of the image formed in the film material surface, is a printing system used in textile industry. The exactly transferring onto the textile fabric of the image on the film material and the remain stable of the transferred image after the use and washing conditions are an important indication for a quality print. In this study, firstly it was determined the physical properties of the bamboo jersey fabrics. Then, it was transferred of the image in the thermal printing system on the fabrics at 3 different temperatures. And then it was performed the washing process of fabrics before and after printing and measured the values of L*a*b*, the gloss and the light resistance of the printed fabrics. From the obtained data, the printability of the bamboo jersey fabrics in the thermal printing system and the resistance of the print after the standard washing were determined.

Influence of weave pattern and composite thickness on mechanical properties of bamboo/epoxy composites

The results of an attempt made for studying the influence of weave pattern and composite thickness of plain and twill weave bamboo fabric reinforced epoxy/phenalkamine composites on static mechanical properties are reported in this paper. Plain weave and Twill weave bamboo fabric of 125 gsm were used as reinforcements with medium viscous epoxy B-11 resin and highly viscous AI 1041 phenalkamine bio-based hardener. Thickness of composite achieved were 3.1, 4.3 and 5.4 mm with fiber weight fraction at 18% by hand layup method. The aim was to study the influence of weave pattern and thickness of composite on the tensile, flexural and impact properties. Fourier Transform Infra-Red results showed the presence of cellulose, polysaccharides, cardanol groups and hydrogen bonding of reinforcement and matrix. X-Ray Diffraction peaks displayed higher intensities for twill weave fabric. Tensile studies of fabrics showed 7% higher strength for twill weave compared to that of plain weave fabric in warp direction. Twill weave composites with 5.4 mm thickness showed an increase of 12% in tensile strength and 8% increase in stiffness compared to plain weave composite of same thickness. Twill weave composite with 5.4 mm thickness showed an increase of 22% in flexural strength and 28% in stiffness compared to plain weave composite of same thickness. Izod impact results displayed an increase of 16% in absorbed energy for 5.4 mm thickness twill weave composite when compared with plain weave composite of same thickness. Fractography of fractured specimens of tensile test displayed fiber pullouts for plain weave composites and fiber breakage for twill weave composites. Twill weave composites have shown better wettability than that of plain weave composites.

Optimization of plasma process parameters for surface modification of bamboo spunlace nonwoven fabric using glow discharge oxygen plasma

In this study, Box–Behnken design was used to study the effect of optimization of plasma treatment on surface modification of bamboo spunlace nonwoven fabric. The effect and interaction of the process variables of glow discharge oxygen plasma treatment, i.e. discharge power, exposure duration and inter-electrode spacing on fabric characteristics such as mass per unit area, thickness, breaking force and elongation, air permeability, water vapour permeability and wicking were analysed. The optimum conditions of discharge power 650 W, exposure duration 55 s, and inter-electrode spacing 4 cm were arrived using response optimizer tool of Minitab software. The fabrics showed better characteristics in terms of air permeability, water vapour permeability, wicking and elongation and showed slight reduction in terms of fabric weight, thickness and breaking force. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra analysis confirmed the increased functionality of the material after plasma treatment.