Backup Line Research Articles

Implementasi Load Balancing dengan Metode Policy Based Route dan Efek Failover untuk Optimalisasi Jaringan Internet

The rapidly developing internet has a positive impact on various sectors globally, including the impact on the world of education. In the field of formal education, the internet is not only used as an active learning media, but also as a media for conducting online-based exams, for example in conducting semester exams. SMK PPN 1 Tegalampel as a formal educational institution also uses the internet to support learning and teaching activities. Therefore, the internet is a very essential need in this school. Internet network management is very necessary in efforts to provide internet quality. One way to manage internet networks is to implement load balancing. Load balancing is applied to divide the network load between two different ISPs so that it is not overloaded. The load balancing method applied at SMK PPN 1 Tegalampel is policy Based Route (PBR). PBR divides the network load according to the policy or rules set by the network technician. Apart from loading balancing, office failover is also implemented in the school internet network. So if an ISP connection is lost, it will automatically be diverted to the backup line. With this failover effect, it guarantees that an internet connection will always be available even if the ISP is disconnected.

Multifactorial evolutionary algorithm for optimal reconfiguration capability of distribution networks

Most existing studies on distribution network reconfiguration (DNRC) are predominantly based on a fixed initial topology and optimize switch operations to achieve various objectives, without considering the flexible allocation of backup lines. This paper proposes a novel problem of optimizing the reconfiguration capability of distribution networks (DNs) by considering the expansion of power lines under resource constraints. The reconfiguration capability reflects the ability of a DN to respond to uncertainties and disturbances by adjusting its topology. A novel metric based on the number of spanning trees is proposed to quantify the reconfiguration capability of a DN. Moreover, an optimization model is formulated to maximize the reconfiguration capability of a DN subject to resource constraints on line expansions. To solve this model efficiently, a multifactorial evolutionary algorithm (MFEA) is developed, which can optimize multiple tasks with different expansion line quantities simultaneously by exploiting knowledge transfer across tasks. The proposed metric, model, and algorithm are validated on two case studies using the IEEE 33-bus and 70-bus test systems, and the results show their effectiveness and superiority over existing methods.

Construction of redundant communications to enhance safety against communication interruptions during robotic remote surgery

It is important to ensure the redundancy of communication during remote surgery. The purpose of this study is to construct a communication system that does not affect the operation in the event of a communication failure during telesurgery. The hospitals were connected by two commercial lines, a main line and a backup line, with redundant encoder interfaces. The fiber optic network was constructed using both guaranteed and best-effort lines. The surgical robot used was from Riverfield Inc. During the observation, a random shutdown and restoration process of either line was conducted repeatedly. First, the effects of communication interruption were investigated. Next, we performed a surgical task using an artificial organ model. Finally, 12 experienced surgeons performed operations on actual pigs. Most of the surgeons did not feel the effects of the line interruption and restoration on still and moving images, in artificial organ tasks, and in pig surgery. During all 16 surgeries, a total of 175-line switches were performed, and 15 abnormalities were detected by the surgeons. However, there were no abnormalities that coincided with the line switching. It was possible to construct a system in which communication interruptions would not affect the surgery.

PENERAPAN FAILOVER NETWORK MENGGUNAKAN JARINGAN VPN DAN JARINGAN WIRELESS POINT-TO-POINT PADA DISTANCE BUILDING DI PT. TITIPAN KILAT RIAU

This research is intended to build a network that that can connect branch offices with main office buildings in a company. This is done in order to create all performance connected to a company network that can improve and run well, so as to be able to support the company's business processes. At the stage of meeting company needs and in an effort to overcome problems in the network used technology that can always be online with the expectation of quality of services (QoS) approaching 100%.. The technology applied uses two communication lines, the first connection line is point-to-point wireless and the second connection line applies a Virtual Private Network (VPN) with the use of the internet. Handles failover on both network communication connections used by the mikrotik router. This allows if one connection is lost, the other connection line will automatically become a backup line. In this failed network simulation, it shows satisfactory results, as can be seen from the communication performance that runs without feeling tired of traffic. The application of this method can also operate without involving humans. In addition, the results of the measurement of the time lag required for switching connection lines have an average delay value of not more than 4.97 seconds.

О ПЕРВИЧНЫХ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ УСТРОЙСТВАХ И ТРЕБОВАНИЯХ К КЛЮЧАМ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ КВАНТОВЫХ СИСТЕМ

Purpose of the article: development of new methods, algorithms and models to detect unauthorized actions of an intruder/s in relation to broadcast data represented in the form of one-photon pure states of light particles, which will allow: to strengthen the secrecy of basic security keys, improve procedures for data exchange and processing by legitimate users of the telecommunications system, expand the functionality of existing technological solutions in their classic representation. Research method: system analysis, information security assessment method. The result: risks of critical system errors for procedures of basic states measurement results matching and supposed potential possibilities of attacker to realize vulnerabilities through active phase of attacks with explicit critical outcome are presented. It is established that translation of mixed single-photon states and imposition on receiving hardware is explicitly uncontrolled, unaccountable and not contained in any algorithm of quantum protocols, which, according to the authors, is the most critical vulnerability of modern cryptographic systems based on quantum mechanics. A way to solve problems of “silent” scanning and to counteract hidden active attacks on quantum channel and particle states is proposed. The essence of the solution consists in non-orthogonality of states of a random basis vector and duplication of a main communication channel containing an information path on pulse signals broadcasting, where a known number of synchro-sentences in a backup line allows to trace an attacker. Fundamental is the knowledge of the primary-natural errors occurring at each of the stages of the formation of the main security key.

A Traffic Scheduling Method Based on SDN

The rise of big data has brought severe challenges to data storage, which also means that computing resources and storage resources have become centralized. In the past, business data could end up after being processed locally or at the secondary node. Now, all data must be uploaded to each data center for unified processing. Data collection also requires users to access data center services and then send them back, which undoubtedly increases the pressure on the backbone network. This also means that the annual private line cost of the enterprise will increase with the growth of network traffic. Large enterprises often use multiple lines between network nodes to improve link utilization and network reliability. However, in most cases, the line utilization of the backup line is usually low, because the traditional routing algorithm forwards according to the optimal path. Load sharing or traffic scheduling is achieved by adjusting interface cost values ​​or BGP parameters. In large networks, it often affects the entire body. Each adjustment requires detailed planning and validation. At the same time, due to the diversity of applications, different applications have different business characteristics. If the network can distinguish different applications, sense network conditions, and adjust the QoS and traffic paths of applications as needed, the link utilization of leased lines and the network quality of applications will be significantly improved. SDN separates the control plane from the data plane and intelligently controls the network forwarding policy through the global controller, which improves the flexibility and security of the network. Based on the traditional large-scale enterprise WAN architecture, this paper proposes a complete traffic scheduling solution based on SDN to achieve secure, controllable, and flexible scheduling of enterprise WAN network resources.

Design the Back-Up Line of Power Supply Automatic Fireplace Building in Angkasapura II Bandung

Angkasapura II is a State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN) that serves air traffic travel using airplanes which cannot be separated from the need for electricity. Almost all services use electricity, without exception the PKP-PK Building or the fire fighting building. This is because this building has an integrated fire detector that is connected from every room throughout the Angkasapura II area directly with the PKP-PK Building or the fire department building. The problem is because the PKP-PK power source is still sourced from the TNI AU base and has not been sourced from PT Angkasa Pura II. It is feared that if the main source of PKP-PK electricity is interrupted, there will no longer be a backup power supply in the PKP-PK area. From the results of this study, a backup power supply line for the PKP-PK area was made from Angkasapura II, with this if the main electricity had problems, the area could operate smoothly because it had been backed up by the electricity supply from PLN and the Angkasapura II Genset. .

Выявление участков, не позволяющих обеспечить надежное функционирование системы подачи и распределения воды

A methodology for identifying sections in water supply and distribution systems (WSDSs) that inhibit high-quality water supply is proposed. The study is based on the previously developed mathematical models of water withdrawal (cross-sectional method) and flow distribution. Effective WSDS manage-ment requires not only consideration of water withdrawal patterns from WSDSs and probabilistic structural variations, but also assessment of the impact of individual components (sections) and their weight contribution on the system performance. During the analysis, Kj and Рj probabilistic reliability indicators of water supply to consumers were used. These indicators include the following compo-nents: probabilities of WSDS fault-free and emergency structural states (ordinary failure stream) and probabilities of supplying water to consumers in these states. The reliability of consumer supply in each state is assessed using partial indicators Kji and Рji. Conclusions about the operational quality of each section can be made by comparing partial indicators with normalized values. Using partial indi-cators obtained in structural states, it is possible to assess the overburden of sections and their im-portance for ensuring the necessary quality of consumer supply, as well as to evaluate their backup line operation. An example of a particular system is used to demonstrate all steps of the proposed methodology. The need to use the previously developed software application for analysing the WSDS operation is justified. The software allows partial reliability indicators Kji and Рji to be determined for each structural state of the system. The proposed methodology for identifying WSDS sections with a capacity inhibiting reliable water supply can be used when designing new or surveying existing WSDSs.

Kombinasi Protokol Routing OSPF dan BGP dengan VRRP, HSRP, dan GLBP

Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan sebagai sekolah menengah berbasis vokasi mendapatkan manfaat sebagai pengembangan teaching factory. Teaching factory adalah konsep pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada produksi dan bisnis untuk menjawab tantangan perkembangan industri. Namun, di tengah pandemi, pengelolaan teaching factory mendapatkan hambatan dari sisi kinerja jaringan yang tidak andal. Kondisi yang sudah ada menggunakan protokol jaringan static routing dan tidak memiliki jalur cadangan pada jaringan. Oleh karena itu, diusulkan penggunaan dynamic routing OSPF dan BGP dengan metode pembebanan kinerja VRRP, HSRP, dan GLBP sebagai jalur cadangan, yang diukur melalui parameter throughput, delay, dan packet loss untuk Quality of Service. Tahapan skenario penelitian menerapkan masing-masing dynamic routing protocol pada ketiga metode pembebanan kinerja agar mampu diukur dan memperoleh hasil QoS yang diharapkan di end user. Hasil terbaik yang direkomendasikan yaitu dynamic routing OSPF dengan metode pembebanan kinerja VRRP karena memberikan perbandingan waktu kurang dari 1 detik saat terjadi kegagalan jalur pada jaringan internet. Hal ini terbukti dari QoS sebesar 3,96 dengan kategori sangat memuaskan, lebih baik dibandingkan lainnya.

IEC-61850 비동기 정상전압 및 역상전류를 이용한 차동방식의 송전선로 후비 보호 알고리즘에 대한 연구

In this paper, a negative-sequence current differential algorithm using asynchronous positive-sequence voltages is proposed to solve the problem that the negative-sequence current differential algorithm using asynchronous negative-sequence voltages may cause malfunction due to the small magnitude of the negative-sequence voltages. This algorithm using asynchronous negative-sequence voltages is an algorithm for solving erroneous operation due to effects of fault resistance and time synchronization problems of current differential algorithm. And this paper explains why positive-sequence voltage was used, and difference in detection of fault direction at relay point of each algorithm. And then, Each algorithm is tested in an IEC-61850 based centralized protection system environment configured using Real Time Digital Simulator and IEDs(Intelligent Electronic Devices), which are implemented with the MMS-EASE Lite library and Evaluation Modules. The test results show that only the proposed algorithm operate successfully, and therefore the proposed algorithm is appropriate for transmission line backup protection.

EXAMPLE OF SWITCHING HYBRID FSO/RF SYSTEMS

This article addresses the issue of optical communication with Free Space Optics (FSO) and its use. The article deals with the design and construction of a monitoring system designed for the collection and processing of data characterizing the nature of conditions along the transmission path of a hybrid FSO system with a radio communication link. Due to the vulnerability of the FSO transmission channel to weather conditions, it is necessary to predict the strength of the received signal and switch to a backup line based on machine learning using decision trees.

Research on Security Level Evaluation Method for Cascading Trips Based on WSN

In recent years, the application of wireless sensor networks (WSN) in power systems has received a great deal of attention. As we all know, the most important issue for the power system is security and stability, especially due to the massive outages caused by cascading trips. Therefore, in today’s era, from the perspective of cascading trips, how to effectively use WSN to analyze and evaluate the security level of the power grid is an important direction for future power development. In this paper, an algorithm based on the WSN collection of online data to calculate the corresponding security level of the system is proposed for the cascading trip phenomenon, to achieve the online evaluation of the cascading trips. First, this paper proposes a hybrid layered network structure based on WSN for monitoring system and details the acquisition of power grid parameters by its acquisition layer. Secondly, combined with the manifestation of cascading trips and the action equation of current‐type line backup protection, the mathematical representation of the grid cascading trips is given, and the mathematical form corresponding to the critical situation is strictly proved, and an index for evaluating the security level of the power grid is proposed and then further combined with the actual physical constraints of the power grid and the establishment of a mathematical model for calculating the security level of the grid cascading trips. For this model, this paper relies on evolution particle swarm optimization (EPSO) to give specific ideas for solving the model. Finally, a case analysis is performed by the IEEE39 node system and the results of the case show the effectiveness of the model and method.

Overload Control Strategy Based on Triangular Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process

After the high-voltage transmission line is cut off due to a fault, the bearing transmission power will be transferred, which may cause overload. If overload cannot be eliminated quickly and scientifically, it is very likely that the line backup protection will be activated, which will trigger chain trip or even blackout accidents. In view of this, this paper proposed a cross-voltage level optimization load shedding control strategy based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Through step-by-step progression in the three indexes of line overload degree, load importance degree, and unit load shedding cost, the lower-level lines of the overload line are selected for optimal line removal, thus achieving the goal of optimizing load shedding across voltage levels.

Dynamic behavior analysis of backup protection for HVDC transmission line

The backup protection of HVDC transmission line consists of differential undervoltage protection and differential protection. In this paper, based on the actual parameters, the simulation model of differential undervoltage protection and differential protection for DC line is built. The response regularity of each criterion of the two protections under different fault conditions is studied. The basic functions of each criterion are defined, which provides an important basis for the setting calculation of DC line backup protection.

System Design of Gigabit HAPS Mobile Communications

High-altitude platform stations (HAPSs) are expected to provide ultrawide-coverage areas and disaster-resilient networks from the stratosphere at around 20 km by installing wireless equipment on HAPS. Because their altitude is much lower than that of communications satellites, HAPSs can provide mobile communications services directly to smartphones, which are commonly used in terrestrial networks, such as fourth generation Long Term Evolution. Considering the widespread nature of mobile broadband communications and the importance as a backup line in case of disaster, HAPSs are expected to provide a large capacity in the future. A cellular system with single-cell frequency reuse using multiple cells similar to terrestrial mobile communications should be introduced to achieve such a capacity. The number of cells that a HAPS can accommodate ranges from 1 to more than 100, depending on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ability. By contrast, the optimal cell configuration, which depends on the number of available cells, has not been clarified in previous research. In this paper, we propose an optimization method for the cell configuration for HAPS mobile communications using a genetic algorithm, which can be generally applied regardless of the number of cells and can clarify the optimal cell configuration. Although many cells are required to achieve gigabit-class HAPS mobile communications, the heightened power consumption due to the large number of cells is a critical problem for UAVs. Thus, we also investigate the reduction of the total transmission power and demonstrate the feasibility of energy-efficient gigabit HAPS mobile communications with wide coverage.

Development and Experimental Investigation of a Multistage Oxygen Compressor Unit with a Non-Crank Mechanism for the Onboard Oxygen Generating System

The oxygen compressor is one of the key components in the onboard oxygen generating system (OBOGS), with a high-pressure canister for backup. In this paper, a multistage compressor unit with a non-crank mechanism is proposed for the compression of the generated oxygen for storage in the high-pressure canister in the oxygen backup line of the OBOGS. The working principle, control strategy, and the design method of the key components of the non-crank compressor are provided to realize the preliminary design. The experimental study was carried out to investigate the control accuracy and the technical feasibility, including the compression capacity and the cooling performance. Results show that the motion control program could realize the motion scheme of the compressor with an error of less than 2%. The discharge pressure reached a relative stability after around 40 cycles of compression, while the discharge temperature achieved relative stability after approximately 100 cycles. The average discharge pressure at the last stage could meet the pressure requirement under standard working conditions. The average inlet temperature of the oxygen to the gasholder was 25 °C under standard working conditions.

Sectionalizing and Redundancy of the 0.38 kV Ring Electrical Network

The use of power line sectionalizing and power line redundancy in 0.38 kV networks entails the need to take into account the fact that currents and voltages can vary significantly at different points of the network. The article proposes a mathematical model to solve this problem. The mathematical model is based on the method of phase coordinates. Using mathematical modeling, the article determines the voltages and currents in the sections of the backup line after the automatic load transfer switch is activated. The article also proposes an improvement in the scheme of the power line sectionalizing unit. The sectionalizing unit scheme is suggested to be modified with a bypass circuit and the installation of a voltage indicator for signaling the voltage presence on the lower contacts of the switch.

Distance backup protection using supply currents on a line with several branches

The third step of distance protection is used as backup protection against phase-to-phase short circuits on 110–220 kV transmission lines. The main problem when using these protections on a line with several branches is to ensure the effectiveness of distant backup protection in case of phase-to-phase short circuits behind branch transformers of substations. The effective solution to distant backup protection is possible to provide by expanding the information base of protection. Currently, backup protection of lines with branches is being developed with control of currents and their components when using a communication channel, and based on algorithmic models of the facility. In this regard, the urgent task is to develop an algorithm for the distance protection ensuring the required sensibility during short circuits on the lower voltage side of the branch transformers. Analytical methods of determining the impedance measurement and simulation in Simulink and SimPowerSystems of the Matlab modeling system are used. The effectiveness of distant backup protection can be evaluated on the basis of recognition possibility of short circuit modes behind the branch transformers. Analytical expressions have been obtained to determine the impedance measurement during phase-to-phase short-circuits behind a branch transformer and under load conditions. Criteria have been developed to assess the proposed protection possibility to recognize the mode of phase-to-phase short circuits behind the branch transformer. Studies have shown that the main factor determining the possibility of mode recognition is the ratio between the protected transformer power and the total power of the branches loads. The use of several impedance measuring elements with their own response characteristics for branches with transformers of different capacities provides mode recognition for any possible correlation of power of branch substations. The use of the distance protection implementation option developed by the authors allows providing the required sensitivity for short circuits behind branch transformers and to solve the problem of distance backup line protection on a line with several branches. The reliability of the data obtained is confirmed by the correspondence of analytical research and simulation results.

Cryopreservation of Marchantia polymorpha spermatozoa.

The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has become one of the model organisms, since it has less genetic redundancy, sexual and asexual modes of reproduction and a range of genomic and molecular genetic resources. Cryopreservation of fertile spermatozoa eliminates time, space and labor for growing and maintaining male plants in reproductive phase, and also provides an optional way to backup lines. Here we report a protocol to cryopreserve spermatozoa of M. polymorpha in liquid nitrogen. A cryoprotective solution containing sucrose, glycerol and egg yolk and controlled cooling and warming processes led to successful recovery of motile M. polymorpha spermatozoa after the cryogenic process. The survival rate and average motility of spermatozoa after cryopreservation were maintained at 71 and 54% of those before cryopreservation, respectively. Cryopreserved spermatozoa were capable of fertilization to form normal spores. The technique presented here confers more versatility to experiments using M. polymorpha and could be applied to preservation of plant spermatozoa in general.

Implementing eco friendly highly reliable upload feature using multi 3G service

The current trend of eco friendly Internet access is preferred. In this research the understanding of eco friendly is minimum power consumption. The devices that are selected have operationally low power consumption and normally have no power consumption as they are hibernating during idle state. To have the reliability a router of a router that has internal load balancing feature will provide the improvement of previous research on multi 3G services for broadband lines. Previous studies emphasized on accessing and downloading information files from Public Cloud residing Web Servers. The demand is not only for speed but high reliability of access as well. High reliability will mean mitigating both direct and indirect high cost due to repeated attempts of uploading and downloading the large files. Nomadic and mobile computer users need viable solution. Following solution for downloading information has been proposed and tested. The solution is promising. The result is now extended to providing reliable access line by means of redundancy and automatic reconfiguration for uploading and downloading large information files to a Web Server in the Cloud. The technique is taking advantage of internal load balancing feature to provision a redundant line acting as a backup line. A router that has the ability to provide load balancing to several WAN lines is chosen. The WAN lines are constructed using multiple 3G lines. The router supports the accessing Internet with more than one 3G access line which increases the reliability and availability of the Internet access as the second line immediately takes over if the first line is disturbed.