Background Of Use Research Articles

Background of use in real clinical practice of the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis by comparison vacuum-assisted laparostomy and other options of multi-stage surgical treatment of urgent abdominal pathology and abdominal injuries

Background: Multi-stage surgical treatment of patients with complicated urgent abdominal pathology is used in the most severe clinical situations. We have performed and published a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) comparing vacuum-assisted laparostomy (VAC-LS) and other options for multi-stage surgical treatment. However, the results of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and MA are often impossible to reproduce in real world-data (RWD). The aim: Evaluate the prerequisites for using the results of SR, MA in the RWD. Materials and methods: Based on the results of our secondary research study from 11 135 screened publications from 2007 to 2022, of which 33 are included in SR and 12 in MA. The results of MA and the data of the RWD of the hospital surgery clinic of the Volg State Medical University were compared. Results: VAC-LS has some advantages over other treatments, setting the stage for use in RWD. Conclusions: The results of the SR and MA performed by us have reasonable prerequisites for use in the RWD.

Optimization of cut-off grades and depletion rates by means of dynamic programming

The determination of cut-off grades is critical for mine appraisal. Because of the time value of money, an optimum schedule of cut-off grades must be used instead of determination of a single cut-off grade for the life of a mine. In order to achieve the maximum net present value, a decreasing order of cut-off grades schedule must be used because of the opportunity cost. In the optimization of cut-off grades by dynamic programming, the depletion rates to be searched are actually limiting the search area. The optimum can be found from among the alternative depletion rates. Selling prices of mining products are volatile and future values cannot be known. This paper describes the use of dynamic programming in cut-off grades optimization and further extension of the method to price volatility in selling prices of mining products. The author introduces the general background of use of dynamic programming in cut-off grades optimization and the case in uncertain market conditions. Software developed in this subject handles to find the optimum sequence of cut-off grades and depletion rates for mineral deposits under market uncertainty. Dynamic programming method can be used as a means of cut-off grades optimization in this context very robustly.

Development and use of a co-produced short mood survey to collect ground truth in digital footprints research

Introduction & BackgroundTo use digital footprint data for mental health and well-being research we often need to collect concurrent, high-quality measures of ground truth. Delivering frequent surveys to participants using an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methodology is one way to collect such data. However, existing surveys tend to be long, not focused on momentary states or rely on rating images which are not platform agnostic. Here we present a five-item test-based survey designed with participants and validated for use in EMA studies to collect data about momentary changes in mood. We describe its methodological development and how it has been used to investigate music listening on Spotify as a digital footprint of mood. Objectives & ApproachThe survey is based on the circumplex model of affect. It was co-produced with a participant advisory group (N=5), who gave feedback on the length, content and delivery of the survey. It was then piloted in a group of N=98 participants to assess statistical validity, and congruence with the 20-item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Following this it was delivered in a wider sample (N=150) four times a day over a two-week period using an EMA app on participant’s phones. Relevance to Digital FootprintsEMA is an increasingly popular method for collecting ground truth to support the interpretation of digital footprint data. This newly developed and tested mood survey offers an opportunity to reduce participant burden for collecting mood data in EMA studies which will support the collection of high quality and high time-resolution ground truth for digital footprints research. ResultsTogether with participants we selected four emotions across the axes of arousal and valence, as well as rumination which participants considered important in their music listening behaviors. Factor analysis of pilot data showed that the questions represented two factors of positive and negative affect. The ratings on a 0-10 scale of the emotions ‘cheerful’ and ‘relaxed’ explained 44% of the variance in positive affect, and ratings of ‘worried’, ‘sad’ and ‘frustrated’ explained 40% of the variance in negative affect. Delivery of the questionnaire in a wider student sample (N=150) four times per day for two weeks allowed for the opportunity to assess typical response rates in a realistic EMA setting. On average participants completed 3 out of the 4 surveys a day. Conclusions & ImplicationsThe co-created, short mood survey for the collection of ground truth in digital footprint studies was validated across two independent samples, and shown to allow for good response rates in a two week study. Future testing on wider samples will provide opportunities to validate the survey and assess its effectiveness across demographic groups and different sample types.

Investigating Training Datasets of Real and Synthetic Images for Outdoor Swimmer Localisation with YOLO

In this study, we developed and explored a methodical image augmentation technique for swimmer localisation in northern German outdoor lake environments. When it comes to enhancing swimmer safety, a main issue we have to deal with is the lack of real-world training data of such outdoor environments. Natural lighting changes, dynamic water textures, and barely visible swimming persons are key issues to address. We account for these difficulties by adopting an effective background removal technique with available training data. This allows us to edit swimmers into natural environment backgrounds for use in subsequent image augmentation. We created 17 training datasets with real images, synthetic images, and a mixture of both to investigate different aspects and characteristics of the proposed approach. The datasets were used to train YOLO architectures for possible future applications in real-time detection. The trained frameworks were then tested and evaluated on outdoor environment imagery acquired using a safety drone to investigate and confirm their usefulness for outdoor swimmer localisation.

사자성어 실사용 현황 및 배경 분석 연구

This study investigated the Frequency of appearance and actual background of four-character idioms, focusing on China People's Daily newspaper, looked at the current status of actual use of four-character idioms, and then analyzed the background of actual use of four-character idioms. The purpose is to provide more practical help in understanding four-character idioms through the background of actual use and combining words. 2018.01.01-2023.10.31 By analyzing the appearance rate and actual background of use of four-character idioms that appeared in China People's Daily newspaper during the period, we analyzed the following five backgrounds (events): ‘Potential for development and strong cooperative relationship between countries.’ ‘Expressing the will to inherit the firmness and spirit of China's political system and emphasizing the role of the party.’ ‘Situation in which a serious disaster occurs, or a large -scale event is held with the entire population’, ‘Expressing regret for the actions of other countries’, ‘Pioneering new paths and challenges’

Growth intensity of young rabbits on the background of use of complete mixed fodders

The development of each individual is influenced by many factors: from genetic to environmental conditions. Therefore, the goal of our research was to establish the characteristics of the growth rate of rabbits from birth to sale when using complete feed in a controlled microclimate. Research was carried out on complex crossbreeds in the rabbit breeding laboratory of the Belgorod State Agrarian University. At birth, the average live weight is 53±2 g. In the first three days, the rabbits were fed colostrum and their average daily gain was 8±1 g, when switching to milk in the next 4 days it increased to 13±1 g, and in the next week - 19±2 g. In the third week of life, the rabbits were introduced to the feed; during this period, the average daily gain did not increase significantly and amounted to 21±3 g. From the next week, the feed began to prevail in the diet of the young animals, and their average daily gain increased to 39±4 g, and the live weight reached 796±43 g. Starting from the 30th day, the rabbits were exposed to stress factors such as branding and weaning. At the same time, the average daily increase in live weight continued to increase, reaching a maximum in the interval between 50 and 60 days with values of 40-42 g, regardless of the method of preventing eimeriosis. It is worth noting that live weight when using a coccidiostat based on essential oils (Ent-Oil Eimecon Dry) is higher than when using a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against eimeria (Cycocin) and amounted to 3078±38 and 3305±62 g, respectively (p < 0.01).

Research on Self-cognition of College Students in the Background of AI Language Model Use

This paper discusses the status and influencing factors of college students' self-cognition under the background of the use of artificial intelligence language model. A cross-sectional study design was used to survey college students from different specialties and ages, and questionnaire analysis was used for data analysis. The research results show that the use of AI language model by college students is generally with some uncertainty and dependence; the overall level of self-cognition is high, but there are some differences; the correlation between AI language model and self-cognition, and the influence factors include gender, major and age. This study is helpful to promote the self-cognition and development of college students, improve the application efficiency and popularity of AI language models, and its relationship can be further explored in the future.

The effect of corticosteroids on the morphobiochemical composition of blood and reproductive function in cows

The effect of the glucocorticoidcontaining drug on the morphobiochemical composition of blood and reproductive function in cattle was studied. It was found that against the background of treatment in the postpartum period with corticosteroids, the concentration of eosinophils in the blood decreases by 87.5% (P <0.05), with a stable concentration of platelets. In animals without hormone therapy, an increase in the level of total protein was observed by 18.8% (P<0.01) with a decrease in the albuminglobulin coefficient by 26.4% (P<0.01), which was not observed when using corticosteroids. In the experimental group, the magnesium concentration decreased by 18.1% (P<0.05), with a stable level of phosphorus and calcium. The activity of transaminases against the background of the use of glucocorticoids had no significant changes, whereas in control animals an increase in the activity of AsAT was observed by 29.5% (P < 0.05). The level of total immunoglobulins in animals of the control group decreased by 77.4% (P≤0.001), whereas against the background of Cortexone use, the indicator was 3.9 times higher (P≤0.001). The small-sized CEC in the first group of cows decreased by 58.8%, which is 4.4 times lower (P<0.05) compared to the control group, where, on the contrary, the indicator increased 3.4 times (P<0.05). Similarly, in control cows, a decrease in the size of the CEC was observed, whereas against the background of the use of corticosteroids, on the contrary, their enlargement was observed by 83.8% (P≤0.001). The fertilization of animals after the first insemination against the background of the use of corticosteroids was 43.3% higher, with a lower (0.57) multiplicity of inseminations during fertilization and a shorter (19.2 days; P<0.05) period of infertility. Thus, the use of glucocorticoids in the postpartum period had a positive effect on metabolic processes and contributed to the optimization of reproductive function in cows.

Bedside gastrointestinal ultrasound combined with acute gastrointestinal injury score to guide enteral nutrition therapy in critically patients

BackgroundTo use gastric ultrasound to evaluate function and to determine the start time of enteral nutrition (EN) in patients with acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI).MethodsWe reviewed records from 105 patients who suffered AGI levels two (AGI II). We recorded several data points, including ultrasonographic transverse area of gastric antrum (CSA), left descending colonic or right ascending colonic diameter (Diam), peristatic frequency (Peri), EN start time, EN dose, prealbumin (PA), and EN complications. The recovery of intestinal function after EN treatment was judged as success. If there was EN treatment complication, this was judged as failure. We analyzed the changes in gastrointestinal function after EN treatment, to determine feeding time.ResultsThere were 69 patients in the successful group, and 36 in the failure group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, intra abdominal pressure (IAP), APACHE II, PA and disease composition (p > 0.05).There were significant differences in terms of EN startup time, CSA, Diam, Peri, and PA, between the EN success and failure groups. We found IAP does not reflect gastrointestinal function;CSA ≤ 9cm2, Diam ≤ 2.9 cm, Peri > 3 bpm, indicated that the three indexes could reflect the recovery of gastrointestinal function. Receiver operating curve analysis showed that combined CSA, Diam, Peri evaluation determined the best time to start EN.ConclusionsMonitoring gastric antrum transversal area, colonic diameter, colonic peristatic frequency using ultrasound can guide the timing of initiation of enteral nutrition treatment.

Biological activity of soybean seed lectin at the spraying of Glycine max plants against the background of seed treatment with pesticide containing fipronil, thiophanate-methyl, pyraclostrobin as active substances and rhizobial bacterization

Preparations for protecting plants, particularly those with fungicidal activity, continue to be relevant in agricultural production. They are used to effectively combat phytopathogens and ensure high yield of cultivated plants. However, they are among the anthropogenic factors which impose a heavy chemical load on ecosystems. Data about the effects of pesticides on physiological parameters of plants are essential for understanding the main regulatory mechanisms as preconditions to the phytotoxic state of compounds, as well as greater substantial understanding of the functional condition and implementation of adaptive potential of plants during and post stress. An important and relevant task – both practically and theoretically in the conditions of action of fungicide on seeds - is studying the possibilities of application of phytolectines as biologically active compounds with broad spectrum of action, including fungicidal effect, for spraying legumes in order to stabilize their development, ensure effective functioning of legume-rhizobial symbioses and cause fuller realization of productive potential against the background of decrease in chemical pressure on agrocenoses. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the biological activity of soybean seed lectin (according to the parameters of productivity and functional activity of soybean-rhizobial symbiosis) at the spraying of Glycine max (L.) Merr. plants against the background of seed treatment of pesticide, Standak Top with fungicidal and insecticidal actions on the day of sowing and inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b. We used physiological, biochemical, microbiological and statistical methods of studies. We determined that Standak Top, applied on soybeans that were afterwards inoculated with rhizobia, exerted negative tendency on formation of vegetative mass by plants at the beginning of vegetation, though in the following phases of ontogenesis, their development and productivity reached the level of the control. Nitrogenase activity of symbiosis and the condition of photosynthetic pigment complex (content of chlorophyll and carotenoids and their ratio) were at the level or significantly lower than in the control plants. After spraying soybeans with lectin (without use of the fungicide) in the phase of development of two true leaves, there occurred significant increase in functional activity of the symbiotic system (according to total nitrogenase activity of symbiosis, higher by 1.91 and 1.79 times compared with the controls with inoculation and inoculation + fungicide) and the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls were higher by 1.12–1.45 times, carotenoids by 1.14–1.39 times) and development of strong leaf apparatus (by 1.33–1.42 times). This caused highest level of realization (by 13.9% and 10.1% higher compared with the controls with inoculation and inoculation + fungicide) of productive potential of cultivated plants. After spraying plants with soybean lectin against the background of use of fungicide, notable and reliable increases occurred in the level of absorption of molecular nitrogen (by 1.72 and 1.52 times according to total activity of symbiosis, compared with the controls with inoculation and inoculation + fungicide), content of chlorophyll (1.25–1.64 times) and carotenoids (1.12–1.42 times) in leaves of soybean, and also plants were actively developing during vegetation (1.12–1.40 times), producing yield that exceeded by 12.8% and 9.1% the controls with inoculation and inoculation + fungicide. Therefore, use of soybean seed lectin for spraying plants against the background of seed treatment of pesticide Standak Top on day of sowing can stabilize and even increase the level of realization of symbiotic and productive potential of soybean-rhizobial symbiosis compared both with the control (inoculation with rhizobia) and the variant with treatment of seeds (rhizobia + fungicide). This indicates on the perspectives of further studies of biological activity of phytolectins aiming at decreasing chemical pressure on ecosystems by leveling out or decreasing the negative impact of chemical means of protection on the plants and symbiosis.

Роль нутрицевтика «Ресвега форте» в комплексном лечении хориоидальной неоваскуляризации, обусловленной патологической миопией, на фоне антиангиогенной терапии ранибизумабом

Purpose. Evaluation of clinical efficacy of nutraceutical «Resvega forte» in complex treatment of myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) against the background of antiangiogenic therapy with ranibizumab. Material and methods. 25 patients with CNV that developed against the background of pathological myopia. In patients of the main group (16 people), a single ranibizumab 0.5 mg intravitreal injection was supplemented the appointment of two courses of the “Resvega forte” complex, 1 capsule 2 times a day continuously for 3 months and then second course after 6 months at the same dosage. Patients of the comparison group (9 people) were not prescribed the “Resvega forte” complex. For objective diagnostic, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal electric sensitivity threshold (EST) and electric lability (EL) of optic nerve, data of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCT-A) of the retina were evaluated. Study monitoring was performed within 12 months from the start of treatment. Indications for repeated ranibizumab intravitreal injections were persistence of CNV activity or its recurrence. Results. By the end of observation period (12 months), BCVA in patients of the main group was 0.57 ± 0.04, and in the comparison group – 0.21 ± 0.03. In patients of the main group, retinal EST decreased to 62.5 ± 1.5µA, and EL of optic nerve increased to 35.4 ± 1.3 Hz, while in the comparison group decrease in EST and increase in EL were less significant. The total number of intravitreal injections during 12 months of observation in patients of the main group was 2–3, while in the comparison group it was 5–6. Conclusion. At comparable morphometric characteristics of remission of pathological process without signs of activity of choroidal neovascular membrane by 12 months of observation in the main group, against the background of use “Resvega forte”, compared to the comparison group, increase in visual acuity by 3.5 times and increase number of patients with improved electrophysiological parameters by 1.3 times, were achieved. Keywords: pathological myopia, myopic choroidal neovascularization, ranibizumab, “Resvega forte”.

Personified program for correction of post-stress disorders in different categories of survivors (combatants and volunteers)

Combat stress has a significant impact on the individual. It is a major cause of combat mental trauma and stress disorders development. According to the World Health Organization, combat mental trauma is a direct cause of stress disorders in 80 % of survivors of hostilities, and in its long term are often observed: maladaptation, autoaggressive behavior, anxiety and depression, addiction. Against the background of use of the developed program, positive dynamics of mental state, decrease in levels of anxiety and depression, decrease in the level of groups of PTSD symptoms on the Impact of Event Scale were noted. Reducing level of maladaptation according to the method of K. Rogers and R. Diamond and level of social frustration. Thus, the developed personalized program for the correction of post-stress disorders contributes to the productive dynamics of psychopathological symptoms, reducing emotional tension, restoring a sense of psychological well-being, creating a new cognitive model of life.

Prevalence of Substance Use Among Students in The Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Morocco

Introduction: Substance use is a major public health problem. Medical students are an interesting population category to study, given the particularity of the stress factors to which they are exposed, predisposing them to the use of psychoactive substances. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of psychoactive substance use in this category, as well as the levels of dependence and risky use, and also to define the characteristics of use and the relationship between substance use and sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim, carried out in the form of a survey using a questionnaire, among 456 medical students in Casablanca, all levels combined. Results: The most widespread psychoactive substances are tobacco: 16.6%, chicha: 15.3%, cannabis: 14.9% and alcohol: 13.1%. The highest rate of risky use was noted with tobacco use: 30%, and cannabis use: 80%. More than half of the users had a family background of use, and one third of the users were repeaters. The age of initiation, for all substances, varied between 10 and 29 years. In our study, 18.6% of the students were poly-substance users. Psychiatric background was found in 42% of users vs 17% of non-users. Conclusion: The extent of psychoactive substance use among students is considerable, and the study has made it possible to identify certain socio-demographic risk factors.

Pharmacological interventions for improving cannabis use and psychosis in dual diagnosis: a systematic review

AimsMany patients with psychosis symptoms and schizophrenia use cannabis as a recreational drug. Patients who use cannabis respond differently to antipsychotic treatment compared to those who do not. Despite this, there is a lack of evidence, and therefore clinical guidance, pertaining to the best pharmacological treatment to improve psychosis or cannabis use in this population. This systematic review was carried out to assess the current evidence base regarding the most effective pharmacological treatment for patients with psychosis who also have a background of using cannabis. Our specific question was: ‘in patients with a dual diagnosis of psychosis and cannabis use, which pharmacological interventions have the most efficacy in improving psychosis or reducing cannabis use?’.MethodA search of EMBASE, PsychINFO, and MEDLINE(R) databases was carried out on September 30, 2020. Bibliographies of other studies were also searched for relevant articles. After exclusion of any articles which did not meet inclusion criteria for this review, eleven full texts remained; a qualitative analysis was carried out on these, but there was no meta-analysis. Only randomised control trials (RCTs) whose interventions and controls were pharmacological therapies, and which included patients with a background of cannabis use and psychosis, and which measured clinical outcomes, were included.ResultWe found 11 articles which analysed 10 RCT studies (n = 363) investigating risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine, haloperidol, ziprasidone and imipramine. 6/11 were double blind. The studies were small in size, varied in their methodology, exact inclusion criteria, exact outcomes, and all had a high risk of bias. Few significant findings were found. There is limited evidence for clozapine having anti-craving effect however whether this is associated with reduction in use remains to be demonstrated. We found no studies of adjunctive anticonvulsant agents, which are often used in psychotic disorders.ConclusionThis review underlines the paucity of studies on which to make evidence-based decisions. No new studies have been undertaken since the last systematic review in this area in the last 7 years. Due to the lack of high-quality evidence found by this review, there remains a considerable need for interventional, high-quality RCTs in this comorbid patient group.

Registration of Tx3440 through Tx3482 sorghum germplasm

AbstractThe sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm lines Tx3440–Tx3482 (Reg. no. GP‐900–GP‐942, PI 695271–PI 695313) were developed and released by Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Lubbock, TX, in 2020. Breeding crosses from these lines were made in Lubbock, TX, with grow‐out and selection of subsequent generations completed in breeding nurseries throughout Texas over a period of years. Once selected, these lines were test for agronomic performance in replicated trials across multiple locations and years. Within the set, Tx3340–Tx3482 represent diverse pedigrees and an array of combinations of grain color, plant color, and other agronomic traits. The lines are individually resistant to selected abiotic (pre‐ and/or post‐flowering drought) stress and biotic stress (grain weathering caused by diverse genera that include Fusarium spp., Curvularia spp., and Alternaria spp.; and anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum sublineola). These lines provide the sorghum industry with sources of drought tolerance, grain weathering, and anthracnose resistance in a diverse array of elite genetic backgrounds for use as seed parent lines for hybrid production and for new line development.

Education and training of nurses in the use of advanced medical technologies in home care related to patient safety: A cross-sectional survey

BackgroundTo use advanced medical technologies (AMTs) correctly and safely requires both specialist knowledge and skills, and an awareness of risks and how those can be minimized. Reporting safety concerns about AMTs in home care can contribute to an improved quality of care. The extent to which a health care organization has integrated the reporting, evaluation and learning from incidents is a key element of that organization's patient safety culture. ObjectivesTo explore nurses' experiences regarding the education followed in the use of AMTs in the home setting, and their organizations' systems of reporting. DesignDescriptive cross-sectional design. Methods209 home care nurses from across the Netherlands who worked with infusion therapy, parenteral nutrition and/or morphine pumps responded to the online questionnaire between July 2018 and February 2019. The analysis of the data was mainly descriptive. ResultsEducational interventions that are most often used to learn how to use AMTs were, as an average over the three AMTs, instruction by a nurse (71%), practical training in the required skills (71%) and acquiring information to increase theoretical knowledge (69%). Considerable attention is paid to patient safety (88%) and the home setting (89%). However, a substantial proportion of the nurses (up to 29%) use AMTs even though they had not been tested on their skills. 95% of the respondents were well acquainted with the incident reporting protocol of their organization, but only 49% received structural or regular feedback on any actions taken as a result of event reporting. ConclusionsThis study revealed aspects of nurses' education that imply risk factors for patient safety. Practical training is not always given, additional or retraining is often voluntary, and the required skills are not always tested. However, the results show that nurses do have a good awareness of patient safety. Incidents are mainly discussed within the team, but less at the organizational level.

Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo.

Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo.

Registration of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) sources of resistance to Hessian fly

AbstractHessian fly is among the major pests of wheat (Triticum spp.) around the world. We evaluated 18 tetraploid (4X) or durum accessions [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) van Slageren], which were sourced from the USDA‐ARS National Small Grains Collection. Two of the most virulent strains of Hessian fly, vH9 and Biotype L, were used to assess the reaction of germplasm to larval attack. A susceptible hexaploid wheat accession (CItr 17790, also known as ‘Len’) and a resistant tetraploid wheat accession (PI 134942, which is a donor of resistance gene H33), were included as controls during the test. We confirmed previously reported resistant germplasm and identified two novel germplasm accessions that exhibited a clear resistance against vH9 and Biotype L infestation. The data showed that Trigo 87 (Reg. no. GP‐1046, PI 519832, a durum accession from Lebanon) and Iumillo (Reg. no. GP‐1047, PI 519716, a durum accession from India) are both resistant to vH9 infestation. In addition, Trigo 87 is also resistant to Biotype L infestation, while the resistance of Iumillo to Biotype L was inconclusive. These wheat lines can be used directly in durum breeding programs. Moreover, the resistance genes can be transferred to hexaploid wheat backgrounds for use especially in the eastern and southeastern United States, where few options for resistance are available.

Prognostic value of KRAS mutation status in colorectal cancer patients: a population-based competing risk analysis.

BackgroundTo use competing analyses to estimate the prognostic value of KRAS mutation status in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and to build nomogram for CRC patients who had KRAS testing.MethodThe cohort was selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Cumulative incidence function model and multivariate Fine-Gray regression for proportional hazards modeling of the subdistribution hazard (SH) model were used to estimate the prognosis. An SH model based nomogram was built after a variable selection process. The validation of the nomogram was conducted by discrimination and calibration with 1,000 bootstraps.ResultsWe included 8,983 CRC patients who had KRAS testing. SH model found that KRAS mutant patients had worse CSS than KRAS wild type patients in overall cohort (HR = 1.10 (95% CI [1.04–1.17]), p < 0.05), and in subgroups that comprised stage III CRC (HR = 1.28 (95% CI [1.09–1.49]), p < 0.05) and stage IV CRC (HR = 1.14 (95% CI [1.06–1.23]), p < 0.05), left side colon cancer (HR = 1.28 (95% CI [1.15–1.42]), p < 0.05) and rectal cancer (HR = 1.23 (95% CI [1.07–1.43]), p < 0.05). We built the SH model based nomogram, which showed good accuracy by internal validation of discrimination and calibration. Calibration curves represented good agreement between the nomogram predicted CRC caused death and actual observed CRC caused death. The time dependent area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) was over 0.75 for the nomogram.ConclusionThis is the first population based competing risk study on the association between KRAS mutation status and the CRC prognosis. The mutation of KRAS indicated a poor prognosis of CRC patients. The current competing risk nomogram would help physicians to predict cancer specific death of CRC patients who had KRAS testing.

Study of clinical and histological features in professional teeth whitening

The aim of the study was to study clinical and histological changes in the treatment of discoloration using different systems for professional tooth whitening. The study involved 76 patients. Patients of group 1 had their teeth whitened by the Amazing White Universal Extra photochemical activation system, and group 2 had their teeth whitened by the Beyond Polus system. Each group was divided into 3 more subgroups depending on the method of remineralization and the applied toothpaste (SENSITIVE ULTRA and SENSODYNE Rapid Relief). To assess teeth hyperesthesia before, immediately after and 14 days after the bleaching procedure, we used the prevalence index of teeth hyperesthesia, the intensity index of teeth hyperesthesia, and the Schiff sample. We also used a digital rating scale for patients. 100 teeth extracted for orthodontic indications were subjected to histological examination. The occurrence of hyperesthesia of teeth during professional bleaching was revealed in 100% of cases. Significant structural changes were registered in the enamel and dentin of the teeth, most pronounced during photo-whitening. The treatment based on zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite carbonate in combination with laserophonophoresis against the background of use the toothpaste SENSODYNE Rapid Relief had the greatest remineralizing effect.