Background Of Use Research Articles

The efficiency of vitamin D using in the formation of food tolerance to cow’s milk protein in children with food allergy

The problem of vitamin D deficiency is one of the most actual today, because, according to the results of numerous studies, its deficiency is registered in half the worlds population. The article presents the results of a study on the level of vitamin D in children of first year of life, suffering from cows milk proteins allergy, as well as in children who have formed a secondary food tolerance to this allergen. In the article was evaluated the effectiveness of the additional use of vitamin D against the background of the therapeutic dairy-free diet use. It was found that the 57.1 4.8% children of first year of life with cows milk proteins allergy have vitamin D insufficiency. Normal vitamin D level was found in only 36.2 4.7% of patients. In turn, vitamin D deficiency was found in 6.7 2.4% children, suffering from cows milk proteins allergy. It was found that the additional daily intake of vitamin D on the background of the use of therapeutic dairy-free diet may reduce the time of development of food tolerance to cows milk proteins and achieve the formation of secondary food tolerance for the three years in 92.0 3.8% of children with cows milk proteins allergy. It was found, that the use of only therapeutic dairy-free diet allows to achieve the formation of secondary food tolerance only in 76.0 6.0% children (p 0.05). The normal level of vitamin D were established in 97.6 1.7 % children, formed a secondary food tolerance to cows milk proteins.

«Risks and Сhances» of Development of Adverse Events at Treatment of Enteric Fistula

Relevance. The basis of a solution of the problem of treatment of enteric fistula is made by the termination of current of contents on the formed pathological course. For this purpose use sandostatin or its analogs which efficiency needs objectification and statistical justification.
 Purpose: to define possibilities of a method of mathematical modeling of risk and weighing of chances at assessment of emergence of an adverse event during a disease depending on a way of treatment of enteric fistula.
 Materials and methods. Results of treatment of 65 patients with enteric fistula who were in a surgical department of hospital of N.A. Semashko of Yaroslavl during the period from 1988 to 2017 are analyzed. At treatment of 41 patients we adhered to traditional tactics. Sandostatin was included in a complex of therapeutic measures at 24 people. For identification of predictive value of clinical symptomatology, clinical laboratory indicators of blood, urine and haemo biochemical parameters carried out the statistical analysis according to Friedman of 352 options 112 of the estimated variables. At the same time assessment procedure of risk and weighing of chances of emergence of such events, adverse events as need of an operative measure for elimination of fistula (the first model) and a lethal outcome (the second model) is realized.
 Results. On each of three investigation phases from 27 to 55 determined parameters indicating a high probability of the fact that against the background of use of traditional medical measures carrying out operation with the purpose of treatment of fistula is required are revealed. The quantity of the indicators connected with use of an octreotide at the first two investigation phases was minimum, and by 28 their days did not become at all that testified to high performance of the used means excluding need in a surgical grant during the entire period of observation. At the second statistical model in the conditions of traditional tactics throughout all research the number of parameters was notable higher. Meant it that the practiced complex of treatment of an intestinal fistula was ineffective. When using an octreotide total number of the integrated signs at the first and second investigation phases was minimum, and to the third stage of observation of similar parameters did not become at all that indicated high performance of treatment of enteric fistula, excepting the predicted risk of a lethal outcome.
 Conclusion. The technique of statistical modeling allows to reveal well-being of medical process concerning enteric fistula. The mathematical analysis which is carried out at the same time gives the chance to define significantly changing variables. Unlike traditional tactics at early operational stages of an octreotide chances of development of adverse events decrease, and need of surgical intervention is completely leveled later and the probability of a lethal outcome decreases that correlates with clinical effectiveness of the practiced measures (reduction of lethality by 2.5 times).

Biochemical and Pharmacological Applications of Essential Oils in Human Health Especially in Cancer Prevention.

Essential oils (EOs) are aromatic, volatile and concentrated hydrophobic liquids extracted from plant material. EOs are also called as ethereal oils, volatile oils or aetherolea. EOs also play a crucial role in plant defence and signalling processes. They are mostly used in perfumes, cosmetics, soaps and other products for flavouring food, drinks, adding scents to incense and household cleaning products. EOs have a long medicinal history. Reported research literature and online contents related to the use of EOs for their biochemical pharmacological applications in cancer prevention therapy were reviewed. The most relevant and updated citations were included in this review. This review elaborates the various types of EOs, their biochemical characteristics, and pharmacology. Medicinal benefits of essential oil products range from various skin treatments to different types of therapies for cancer and are dependent entirely on historical backgrounds of use of EOs for these properties. EOs have antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, antiparasitical, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, viricidal, fungicidal, wound healing, antihypertensive, analgesic properties and other medicinal properties. The efficiency of EOs in medical treatments and treatment of cancers are these days a subject of interest in most countries. This review elaborated the potentials of EOs in regulating cancer cell growth and have explored the probable EOs that can be used in drug development.

Consensus map integration and QTL meta-analysis narrowed a locus for yield traits to 0.7\u2009cM and refined a region for late leaf spot resistance traits to 0.38\u2009cM on linkage group A05 in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

BackgroundMany large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield and disease resistance related traits have been identified in different mapping populations of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under multiple environments. However, only a limited number of QTLs have been used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) because of unfavorable epistatic interactions between QTLs in different genetic backgrounds. Thus, it is essential to identify consensus QTLs across different environments and genetic backgrounds for use in MAS. Here, we used QTL meta-analysis to identify a set of consensus QTLs for yield and disease resistance related traits in peanut.ResultsA new integrated consensus genetic map with 5874 loci was constructed. The map comprised 20 linkage groups (LGs) and was up to a total length of 2918.62 cM with average marker density of 2.01 loci per centimorgan (cM). A total of 292 initial QTLs were projected on the new consensus map, and 40 meta-QTLs (MQTLs) for yield and disease resistance related traits were detected on four LGs. The genetic intervals of these consensus MQTLs varied from 0.20 cM to 7.4 cM, which is narrower than the genetic intervals of the initial QTLs, meaning they may be suitable for use in MAS. Importantly, a region of the map that previously co-localized multiple major QTLs for pod traits was narrowed from 3.7 cM to 0.7 cM using an overlap region of four MQTLs for yield related traits on LG A05, which corresponds to a physical region of about 630.3 kb on the A05 pseudomolecule of peanut, including 38 annotated candidate genes (54 transcripts) related to catalytic activity and metabolic process. Additionally, one major MQTL for late leaf spot (LLS) was identified in a region of about 0.38 cM. BLAST searches identified 26 candidate genes (30 different transcripts) in this region, some of which were annotated as related to regulation of disease resistance in different plant species.ConclusionsCombined with the high-density marker consensus map, all the detected MQTLs could be useful in MAS. The biological functions of the 64 candidate genes should be validated to unravel the molecular mechanisms of yield and disease resistance in peanut.

Vaginal end cervicalchanges in postmеnopause on the background of use of different doses of systemic mnopausal hormonal therapy

Vaginal end cervicalchanges in postmеnopause on the background of use of different doses of systemic mnopausal hormonal therapy

Numerical investigation of a double frequency approach for longitudinal HF welding of cladded pipes

This article contains findings of simulation research on longitudinal induction welding of cladded pipes with use of simultaneous double frequency. Solutions are proposed to reach the required temperature distribution at the welding edge for the cladding composite of S355 and Alloy 625 with single and simultaneous double frequency. An advanced consideration of magnetic and other material properties was performed to simulate the dominating physical effects of high frequency (HF) welding. The background of use and advantages of simultaneous double frequency are presented. In the context of the research, a correlation for welding speed, frequency and temperature distribution with industrial relevance was found for the cladded pipe welding.

The epidemiology of MRI detected shoulder injuries in athletes participating in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics

BackgroundTo use Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to characterize the severity, location, prevalence, and demographics of shoulder injuries in athletes at the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of all routine shoulder MRIs obtained from the Olympic Village Polyclinic during the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics. Imaging was performed on 1.5 T and 3 T MRI, and interpretation was centrally performed by a board-certified musculoskeletal radiologist. Images were assessed for tendon, muscle, bone, bursal, joint capsule, labral, and chondral abnormality.ResultsA total of 11,274 athletes participated in the Games, of which 55 (5%) were referred for a routine shoulder MRI. Fifty-three (96%) had at least two abnormal findings. Seven (13%) had evidence of an acute or chronic anterior shoulder dislocation. Forty-nine (89%) had a rotator cuff partial tear and / or tendinosis. Subacromial / subdeltoid bursitis was present in 29 (40%). Thirty (55%) had a tear of the superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP).ConclusionOur study demonstrated a high prevalence of both acute and chronic shoulder injuries in the Olympic athletes receiving shoulder MRI. The high rates of bursal, rotator cuff, and labral pathology found in these patients implies that some degree of glenohumeral instability and impingement is occurring, likely due to fatigue and overuse of the dynamic stabilizers. Future studies are needed to better evaluate sport-specific trends of injury.

B cell therapy in ANCA-associated vasculitis: current and emerging treatment options.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an organ-threatening and life-threatening multi-system autoimmune disease in which B cell-derived ANCAs cause neutrophil activation and endothelial damage, strongly implicating these autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of AAV. B cell depletion with rituximab combined with glucocorticoids is associated with a reduction in ANCA concentrations and with clinical remission in the majority of patients with AAV. However, the safety profile of rituximab is no better than that of conventional therapy with cyclophosphamide, and long-term glucocorticoid treatment is needed to achieve and maintain disease-free remission. A need for new therapies exists to reduce the time to remission, to spare the use of glucocorticoids and to promote long-lasting remission without the risk of relapse. Over the past 20 years, there has been great interest in therapeutically targeting B cell cytokines, such as B cell-activating factor (BAFF), in many autoimmune disease settings. Dual B cell-targeted immunotherapy that combines B cell depletion and BAFF blockade could potentially be more efficacious than targeting either mechanism alone. In this Review, the theoretical background for use of this combination approach in AAV is presented and discussed.

The micronized progesterone in complex therapy of pregnant women with missed abortion in the anamnesis

Objective. To evaiuate the course of pregnancy against the background of use of the micronized progesterone (Prajisun) at women with missed abortion in the anamnesis. Subjects and methods. In a research 230 women with missed abortion in the anamnesis. From them 128 patients received preconception treatment by the micronized progesterone of 300 mg per a day intravaginally in a luteal phase of menstrual cycle for 3 months and 200 mg twice a day after positive pregnancy test up to 12 weeks (the I group); 102 pregnant women have begun intake of medicine of the micronized progesterone of 200 mg twice a day intravaginally from the moment after diagnostics of pregnancy up to 12 weeks of a gestation (the II group). To all patients the full range of all-clinical trials according to the Order MOH Russian Federation № 572n «About the statement of the Order of delivery of health care on the «obstetrics and gynecology (except for use of auxiliary reproductive technologies)» profile was carried out. In the course of the research the courses of the real pregnancy given relatively were fixed: existence of complications from mother and a newborn. The statistical analysis of data is made with use of Statistica 10.0 Rus. Results. The main criterion for the therapy effectiveness was prolongation of the pregnancy up to 22 weeks of a gesattion. In the I group (the patient who have pregravid preparation by micronized progesterone), the frequency of termination of pregnancy was 0,8% whereas in the II group (intake of the micronized progesterone has been begun after the pregnancy diagnostics) – 7,8% (р<0,05). As a result of the analysis of the obtained data decrease in risk of termination of pregnancy at patients with a cancelled abortion has been shown in the anamnesis at use of medicine of the micronized progesterone from a pregravidarny stage in comparison with primeneiy the micronized progesterone only with pregnancy approach (р<0,05). Conclusion. Results of a research demonstrate effectiveness and safety of micronized progesterone (Prajisun) in a complex of pregravid preparation of women with missed abortion in the anamnesis. Use of the micronized progesterone after the diagnostics of pregnancy is less effective.

Use of cultivated plants and non-plant remedies for human and animal home-medication in Liuba\u0144 district, Belarus

BackgroundTo use any domestic remedy, specific knowledge and skills are required. Simple logic dictates that the use of wild plants in the context of limited interaction with nature requires prior identification, while in the case of non-plant remedies and cultivated plants this step can be omitted. This paper aims to document the current and past uses of non-plant remedies and cultivated plants in the study region for human/animal medication; to analyze the human medicinal and veterinary use areas in the context of the remedy groups; to qualitatively compare the results with relevant historical publications; and to compare the intensity and purpose of use between the remedy groups.MethodsDuring field studies 134 semi-structured interviews were conducted with locals from 11 villages in the Liubań district of Belarus. Currently used home-remedies as well as those used in the past were documented by employing the folk history method. The subject was approached through health-related uses, not by way of remedies. Interview records were digitalized and structured in Detailed Use Records in order to ascertain local perceptions. An Informant Consensus Factor (FIC) was calculated for remedy groups as well as for different use categories.ResultsIn the human medication area the use of nearby remedies was neither very diverse nor numerous: 266 DUR for 45 taxa belonging to 27 families were recorded for cultivated plants along with 188 DUR for 58 different non-plant remedies. The FIC values for both remedy groups were lower than for wild plants. In the ethnoveterinary medicine use area there were 48 DUR referring to the use of 14 cultivated plant taxa from 12 families and 72 DUR referring to the use of 31 non-plant remedies. The FIC value for the whole veterinary use area of cultivated plants was relatively low, yet similar to the FIC of wild plants.ConclusionsDifferences between remedy groups were pronounced, indicating that in domestic human medicine cultivated plants and non-plant remedies are either remarkably less important than wild ones or not considered worth talking about. In ethnoveterinary medicine non-plant remedies are almost equally important as wild plants, while cultivated plants are the least used. People in study area seem to still more often rely on, or are more willing to talk to strangers about, wild plants, as promoted by both official medicine and popular literature.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Discogobio longibarbatus (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae), an endangered and endemic species from China

Discogobio longibarbatus is endemic to Fuxian Lake, Yunnan, China and it has been evaluated as an endangered species in the Red List of China’s Vertebrates. The complete mitochondrial genome of the species is 16,594 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a control region. The gene contents and arrangement of the species is similar to other fishes. The complete mitochondrial genome of D. longibarbatus is helpful in revealing its genetic background for use in planning conservation and resource restoration strategies.

Clinical and Genetic Review of Hereditary Acral Reticulate Pigmentary Disorders

Reticulated pigmentation is a unique pigmentary change caused by a heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders. This pigmentation is characterized by a mottled appearance, with lesions that vary in size and pigmentary content. This review discusses the hereditary group of the reticulated pigmentation disorders, such as dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria, dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria, and reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura. The clinical presentation and histopathological features often overlap, making diagnosis difficult. However, each of these hereditary conditions possesses a unique genetic mutation, and genetic analysis is thus more useful in the diagnosis of these conditions. This article delivers an update regarding the clinical features, detailed histopathological description, and genetic information concerning hereditary reticulate pigmentary disorders and aims to provide useful background for use by clinical dermatologists and histopathologists when approaching this group of hereditary disorders.

Physiological and morphological changes of internal organs in rats of their poisoning by lead on the background of use the nanoenterosorbent “Ingo-2”

Physiological and morphological changes of internal organs in rats of their poisoning by lead on the background of use the nanoenterosorbent “Ingo-2”

Abstract 4402: Lazaroid formulations for brain delivery in treatment of glioblastoma multiforme

Abstract Lazaroid U-74389G (LAZ) has potential radio-protective and anti-proliferative activities in treatment of glioblastoma, but it exhibits poor brain penetration and high hepatic clearance. To increase the brain exposure of LAZ, we formulated LAZ in co-solvent system and as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). The rationale behind this approach is that LAZ formulations due to their high drug payload for administration at higher doses and prolonged circulation results in greater systemic exposure compared to unformulated LAZ solution. The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate the brain exposures of unformulated LAZ solution in citrate buffer (pH 3), LAZ co-solvent formulation in mixture of propylene glycol and citrate buffer (pH 3), and LAZ NLC, prepared using ultra-sonication and optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD). Statistical analysis was carried out using Student's t-test. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into 3 groups and were administered unformulated LAZ solution at 5 mg/kg dose and LAZ co-solvent and LAZ NLC at 15 mg/kg dose, intravenously through jugular vein cannula. The brain tissues were homogenized in normal saline and LAZ in the brain tissue was quantified using Absciex Qtrap 5500 LC/MS/MS with linear range of 1 (LLOQ) - 250 ng/mL. The concentrations of unformulated LAZ solution and the LAZ co-solvent solution were 2 mg/mL and 8.5 mg/mL, respectively. The optimized LAZ NLC had particle size of 150 ± 2.86 nm, zeta potential of (-6.79) ± 0.39 mV, encapsulation efficiency of 81.34 ± 6.06%. The LAZ NLC preparation is monodisperse with polydispersity index of 0.158 ± 0.01 (N = 3). The amount of LAZ in brain tissues after 4 hours is significantly higher in formulation groups (LAZ co-solvent 37.48 ± 7.06 ng/gm and LAZ NLC 27.49 ng/gm) than the unformulated groups (LAZ solution 6.84 ± 1.87 ng/gm). Upon dose normalization there was a significant increase in amount of LAZ in brain tissues (N = 3 each) after 4 hours in LAZ co-solvent group (2.72 ± 0.53 ng/gm/mg) in comparison to unformulated LAZ solution group (1.37 ± 0.37 ng/gm/mg), at p<0.05. Developing LAZ formulations will offer potential merits of enabling administrations at higher doses, facilitating LAZ delivery to the brain at therapeutic levels and decreasing its systemic clearance. LAZ formulations are capable of incorporating LAZ at higher drug payload than unformulated solution. Upon dose normalization, the amount of LAZ in brain tissue at 4 hours is significantly higher (1.5-2 times) in LAZ formulations in comparison to LAZ unformulated group. This study helps to build a strong foundational background for use of LAZ as an alternative agent in treatment of glioblastoma utilizing its dual properties of lipid peroxidation inhibition and anti-proliferation. Citation Format: Prajakta Gadgil, Diana S-L. Chow, Pamela New, Jaymin Shah. Lazaroid formulations for brain delivery in treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4402. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4402

Development of a Set of Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines in Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.

ABSTRACTThe detection of minor quantitative trait loci (QTL) with conventional mapping populations can be complicated by the overshadowing effect of major QTL as well as by interactions between QTL. To overcome these constraints, we developed a set of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) by introgression of overlapping chromosome segments from 863B into ICMB 841 background for use in QTL detection, fine mapping, and trait mechanism studies, especially for complex traits. Since each CSSL carries one or a few donor segments in the genetic background of the recurrent genotype, the QTL interaction is confined to genes present on small homozygous substituted segments. Advanced generation backcross progenies (1492), expected to provide coverage across the mapped length of each of the seven pearl millet linkage groups (LGs), were genotyped at 74 marker loci [(48 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 21 single strand conformation polymorphism‐single nucleotide polymorphism (SSCP‐SNP), and 5 sequence tagged sites (STSs)] identifying 124 segment introgression homozygotes (13 for LG1, 9 for LG2, 10 for LG3, 41 for LG4, 23 for LG5, 11 for LG6, and 17 for LG7). These CSSLs consisted of 1–3 homozygous introgression segments substituted from 863B in the genetic background of the recurrent parent ICMB 841 and among them, 54 represent unique lines with the donor chromosome segment averaging 100.69 cM. These CSSLs developed here provide a nearly ideal set of genetic stocks for mapping and fine mapping the multitude of traits for which their parents differ.

Inadequate heart rate control despite widespread use of beta-blockers in outpatients with stable CAD: findings from the international prospective CLARIFY registry

BackgroundTo use CLARIFY, a prospective registry of patients with stable CAD (45 countries), to explore heart rate (HR) control and beta-blocker use. MethodsWe analyzed the CLARIFY population according to beta-blocker use via descriptive statistics with Pearson's χ2 test for comparisons, as well as a multivariable stepwise model. ResultsData on beta-blocker use was available for 32,914 patients, in whom HR was 68±11bpm; patients with angina, previous myocardial infarction, and heart failure had HRs of 69±12, 68±11, and 70±12bpm, respectively. 75% of these patients were receiving beta-blockers. Bisoprolol (34%), metoprolol tartrate (16%) or succinate (13%), atenolol (15%), and carvedilol (12%) were mostly used; mean dosages were 49%, 76%, 35%, 53%, and 45% of maximum doses, respectively. Patients aged <65years were more likely to receive beta-blockers than patients ≥75years (P<0.0001). Gender had no effect. Subjects with HR≤60bpm were more likely to be on beta-blockers than patients with HR≥70bpm (P<0.0001). Patients with angina, previous myocardial infarction, heart failure, and hypertension were more frequently receiving beta-blockers (all P<0.0001), and those with PAD and asthma/COPD less frequently (both P<0.0001). Beta-blocker use varied according to geographical region (from 87% to 67%). ConclusionsThree-quarters of patients with stable CAD receive beta-blockers. Even so, HR is insufficiently controlled in many patients, despite recent guidelines for the management of CAD. There is still much room for improvement in HR control in the management of stable CAD.

Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation of flow around tall buildings

Significant improvements of computer resources in recent past years allow to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods as an alternative test method for wind tunnel tests in various wind engineering aspects. However the accuracy of CFD simulation mainly depends on careful setup of three main components of a CFD simulation, which are domain size, adopted mesh, and boundary conditions. This paper presents basic theoretical background of use of CFD for atmospheric boundary layer simulations and proper methods recommended for creating domains and meshes for CFD models. It also demonstrates several empirical methods that can be used as boundary conditions in the absence of more accurate data for simulation. The CFD simulation results of pressure distribution of 112m tall buildings is compared with the wind tunnel test results and found that performance of those empirical methods is satisfactory. The use of CFD simulation for flow visualization around a tall building and evaluating pedestrian level wind velocities are also demonstrated in this paper. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/engineer.v46i3.6784 ENGINEER, Vol. 46, No.03, pp. 43-54 2013

Resistance to Oncolytic Myxoma Virus Therapy in Nf1−/−/Trp53−/− Syngeneic Mouse Glioma Models Is Independent of Anti-Viral Type-I Interferon

Despite promising preclinical studies, oncolytic viral therapy for malignant gliomas has resulted in variable, but underwhelming results in clinical evaluations. Of concern are the low levels of tumour infection and viral replication within the tumour. This discrepancy between the laboratory and the clinic could result from the disparity of xenograft versus syngeneic models in determining in vivo viral infection, replication and treatment efficacy. Here we describe a panel of primary mouse glioma lines derived from Nf1 +/− Trp53 +/− mice in the C57Bl/6J background for use in the preclinical testing of the oncolytic virus Myxoma (MYXV). These lines show a range of susceptibility to MYXV replication in vitro, but all succumb to viral-mediated cell death. Two of these lines orthotopically grafted produced aggressive gliomas. Intracranial injection of MYXV failed to result in sustained viral replication or treatment efficacy, with minimal tumour infection that was completely resolved by 7 days post-infection. We hypothesized that the stromal production of Type-I interferons (IFNα/β) could explain the resistance seen in these models; however, we found that neither the cell lines in vitro nor the tumours in vivo produce any IFNα/β in response to MYXV infection. To confirm IFNα/β did not play a role in this resistance, we ablated the ability of tumours to respond to IFNα/β via IRF9 knockdown, and generated identical results. Our studies demonstrate that these syngeneic cell lines are relevant preclinical models for testing experimental glioma treatments, and show that IFNα/β is not responsible for the MYXV treatment resistance seen in syngeneic glioma models.

Autologous fat grafting: use of closed syringe microcannula system for enhanced autologous structural grafting

ObjectivesProvide background for use of acquiring autologous adipose tissue as a tissue graft and source of adult progenitor cells for use in cosmetic plastic surgery. Discuss the background and mechanisms of action of closed syringe vacuum lipoaspiration, with emphasis on accessing adipose-derived mesenchymal/stromal cells and the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) for use in aesthetic, structural reconstruction and regenerative applications. Explain a proven protocol for acquiring high-quality autologous fat grafts (AFG) with use of disposable, microcannula systems.DesignExplain the components and advantage of use of the patented super luer-lock and microcannulas system for use with the closed-syringe system. A sequential explanation of equipment selection for minimally traumatic lipoaspiration in small volumes is presented, including use of blunt injection cannulas to reduce risk of embolism.ResultsThousands of AFG have proven safe and efficacious for lipoaspiration techniques for large and small structural fat grafting procedures. The importance and advantages of gentle harvesting of the adipose tissue complex has become very clear in the past 5 years. The closed-syringe system offers a minimally invasive, gentle system with which to mobilize subdermal fat tissues in a suspension form. Resulting total nuclear counting of undifferentiated cells of the adipose-derived -SVF suggests that the yield achieved is better than use of always-on, constant mechanical pump applied vacuum systems.ConclusionUse of a closed-syringe lipoaspiration system featuring disposable microcannulas offers a safe and effective means of harvesting small volumes of nonmanipulated adipose tissues and its accompanying progenitor cells within the SVF. Closed syringes and microcannulas are available as safe, sterile, disposable, compact systems for acquiring high-quality AFG. Presented is a detailed, step-by-step, proven protocol for performing quality autologous structural adipose transplantation.

Patients’ considerations behind the use of methods from complementary and alternative medicine in the field of obstetrics in Germany

Complementary and alternative methods (CAMs) are frequently used during pregnancy and delivery. We were interested to find out how frequently CAMs were used and if they were used for specific indications. We assessed the use of various CAMs and the background of use. Here we differentiated between the treatment of psychological problems, physical problems and the treatment of foetal problems. The response rate was 49.2 % (229/465). Attendance of a delivery preparation class was significantly associated with a higher CAM use in general. Herbal teas and dietary interventions were most frequently used during pregnancy and predominantly for the treatment of physical problems (e.g. nausea, back pain). Earlier deliveries were associated with a significantly decreased demand for complementary methods during delivery but not during pregnancy. Although we found some correlations between some methods and certain treatment indications, most methods were used like panaceas. We believe that the fact that earlier deliveries were associated with a significantly decreased demand for CAM should lead to the question of whether women should receive more reassuring information on delivery and be offered methods like massage or relaxation techniques, which provide proven efficacy without potential side effects that may be associated with CAM methods.