International Background Research Articles

Does International Status Affect Competence Ratings in Newly Formed Multinational Teams? The Role of Psychological Safety Growth and Verbal Behavior

National status has been found to influence how people are perceived in multinational teams. Team members from an international background are often perceived as less competent than those from the local context. Studies mainly focus on language differences to explain this phenomenon, but in this study, we offer a different theoretical explanation. We propose that national status can affect psychological safety and its development within teams, which in turn affects verbal behavior and competence ratings. To test this notion, we examine differences in psychological safety growth, verbal behavior and competence ratings among home country nationals based in the United Kingdom (UK) and international members of newly formed multinational teams. In a sample of 519 team members (101 teams), results showed that internationals, compared to home country nationals, have lower initial psychological safety, as well as slower development in psychological safety over time. Furthermore, the relationship between national status and competence ratings was partially mediated by psychological safety growth and verbal behavior. These results were fully replicated on a separate sample of 538 team members (90 teams) in a second study using an identical research design. However, exploratory analyses indicated that the pattern of findings were not consistent across team members from Africa, Asia, and Europe. The psychological safety of home nationals only started and grew more quickly than that of Asians, while only African and Asian team members spoke less and were rated as less competent. Together these results have implications for managers of newly formed multinational teams.

Modification of Health Indicators of Russians and its Social Determinants in Comparison with European Realities

The article is devoted to the analysis of the situation with health indicators Russians and the social determinants that determine it in comparison with the corresponding indicators of residents of European countries. The social determinants of health are understood as: personal income, psychological comfort and security, behavior in the field of health, life satisfaction, a sense of happiness, attitude to the health care system and the country’s economy, etc. Comparison of almost all determinants of Russians and Europeans (according to the ESS study) turns out to be in favor of the latter. Similar distributions are common for both the general population and adolescents in a similar European study (HBSC). Moreover, such a modification in relation to the Russian sample has been characteristic of these European studies for a number of years. At the same time, when considering the responses of Russians in the 12-year time range, both studies reveal a different situation – positive changes are observed in almost all parameters. This conclusion allows us to hope that with the increased attention of the Russian state to issues of health and social well-being, the corresponding indicators of Russians on the international background will become more positive and competitive. A direction of possible actions in this environment is proposed.

Swedish Whiteness, German Multiculturalism, French National Identity, and American Racial Profiling

Populated by characters from the Middle East, North Africa, Southeast Asia, and Sweden, Jonas Hassen Khemiri’s debut play, Invasion! (2006), marked one of the first intercultural theatrical events on a mainstream Swedish stage. It unapologetically confronted audiences with the consequences of stereotypical representations of Muslim men as fundamentalist terrorists and further criticized the notion of “Swedishness” for not just working as a mere designation of nationality and citizenship, but also a silent, yet powerful signifier of whiteness. Moreover, Invasion! was the first play to be performed in a mainstream theatre by a cast that had an intercultural and international background and could effortlessly switch between standard Swedish (rikssvenska) and suburban Swedish (ortenspråk).Acknowledging the fifteenth anniversary of Invasion!, this article looks back upon the watershed of director Farnaz Arbabi’s original production and the play’s subsequent transnational impact. How did a play that was defiantly at odds with the hegemonic whiteness of the performing arts in Sweden, at that point in time, not only become a modern classic that found its way into the university curricula, but went on to garner an impressively transnational success? What exactly captured the interest and attention of theatre artists in Germany, France, the US, and many other countries? And how did international reviewers react to and interpret the work? What interests me specifically is to study how the play has ‘travelled’, how its characters and themes have migrated to different national and linguistic contexts, engendered new creative networks and transnational dialogues as well as unfolded multiple layers of cultural translations in the process. A genuine understanding and appreciation of Khemiri’s work, I suggest, necessitates a transnational outlook that, in turn, sheds light on Nordic theatre and performance as increasingly intercultural and motivated by concerns that are not regional but global.

Methodological Design to Determine Water Resource Management Indicators in Irrigation Districts

We present the construction of a methodological proposal to determine which indicators should be considered in the monitoring and evaluation of water resource management in the irrigation districts in Colombia (Land Adequacy Districts). This document begins with a characterization of the subsector of land adequacy, presents the national and international background in the assessment of water resource management, and establishes the optimal scope given the experience of Colombian institutions, the current legal framework, and the quality of official information on subsector issues. Economic, social, water, and climate aspects are considered. Thirteen indicators were chosen from Product Management Indicators, Activity Management Indicators and Results, and Impact Indicators.

Activation programs for unemployment benefit recipients in Slovenia

Abstract Activation of the unemployed has been an important topic among policymakers during the last decades. This paper reviews the current measures in Slovenia in the area of activation of unemployment benefit recipients and it compares its formal requirements related to activation against the international background. The paper focuses on five activation areas: adjustment of unemployment benefit eligibility, improving employment services, participation in active labour market policies, monitoring and sanctions. The review lists several recommendations Slovenia should apply to activate unemployment benefit recipients, including introducing more demanding job search requirements and increased monitoring of the compliance with these requirements, introducing compulsory participation in active labour market programs, checking the consistency and effectiveness of the current profiling system, and strengthening the ex-ante effect of sanctions.

0084 Consumer Sleep Technologies (CSTs) for Use in Real-World Sleep Research Environments: A Survey of Experts

Abstract Introduction Consumer sleep technologies (CSTs) have been designed for the everyday consumer rather than as a reliable scientific tool, but are becoming sufficiently accurate for use in the research landscape. Despite the growing conversation about the viability of CSTs for research, manufacturers may not be interested in increasing scientific accuracy in their devices unless doing so is expected to result in greater consumer sales. To establish concensus opinion about important device features and economic demand for CSTs for sleep research, professional opinions from sleep medicine experts were elicited to identify what metrics and device features for measuring sleep outside the laboratory are most desirable to the scientific community. This is the first known attempt to establish consensus opinion or economic valuation for scientifically-desirable CST device features and metrics using expert elicitation within the sleep science community. Methods Sleep and/or circadian researchers with experience collecting data in real-world environments were recruited from international academic, government, clinical, and industry research backgrounds using social media and nonprobability sampling techniques. The anonymous survey was hosted through the online tool Qualtrics between April to July 2021. Exposure to survey recruitment techniques were tracked through Twitter Analytics and Qualtrics. Respondents were asked to rank sleep metrics and consumer sleep technology features to estimate their average level of importance (low, medium, or high). A hypothetical purchase task estimated economic valuation for devices with different features by price. Results Survey respondents were 46 real-world sleep research experts with, on average, 11 (range: 1-27; mode: 10) years of experience conducting human research related to sleep in real-world environments. Sixty-six percent (66%) preferred wrist-worn devices and 52% indicated that sleep onset/offset could be determined from a period of inactivity ≤20 minutes. Eighty-three percent (83%) collected data related to napping. Forty-four percent (44%) preferred a continuous observation window between 4-14 days long. Respondents ranked battery life as the most important factor limiting the observation window. Total sleep time was ranked as the most important measure of sleep followed by objective sleep quality while sleep architecture/depth and diagnostic information were ranked as least important. Economic value was greater for hypothetical devices with longer battery life. Conclusion Real-world sleep experts prefer wrist-worn devices that can reliably estimate sleep and short naps. Battery life is important. Based on responses to both rank order questions and the hypothetical purchase task, estimating sleep depth is less important to researchers than measures of sleep duration and quality. These data set a precedent for future studies to determine the scientific relevance of metrics or how scientific endorsement of a product impacts the potential market value of a CST device. Support (If Any) NA

Facilitating the Professional Development of International Counseling Psychology Students: Introduction to Special Issue

The growing community of international counseling students in the United States has been a vital force in the internationalization of counseling psychology and the diversification of counseling practices. However, their intersectional identity of being both an international student and a counseling student is also associated with a variety of unique challenges in training and career development. This Special Issue includes five articles that address a conceptual model on international students’ social justice identity development, experiences of clinical training and clinical supervision, career barriers and coping efficacy, and experiences of counseling psychology faculty from international backgrounds. Each of these articles discusses challenges faced by international counseling psychology students and provides implications that can be used to facilitate the professional development of international counseling psychology students.

Measurement, Evaluation, and Model Construction of Mathematical Literacy Based on IoT and PISA

“Mathematics Curriculum Standard for Ordinary Senior High School” points out that mathematical modelling literacy is the literacy of abstracting real problems mathematically, expressing problems with mathematical language, and building models with mathematical methods to solve problems. It assesses the amount to which students who are about to finish compulsory schooling have the knowledge and aptitude to deal with future life issues, based on the notion of lifelong learning. The usage of a local integrated development environment requires a number of complex processes, including installation and setup, as well as the procurement of necessary hardware. In reality, in order to nurture students, the core literacy of mathematics is to completely execute quality education, further identify the training and development direction of talents, and infiltrate the core literacy material into junior high school mathematics classroom instruction. For such a large-scale international education measurement project, the research and development of test questions is very important. Therefore, detailed technical consideration has been carried out and test volumes have been designed that are relatively suitable for different countries. The test questions are closely related to life, while there are few questions related to real situational problems in the test, which are mathematically processed first. Due to the international background of evaluation, it is a great challenge for researchers to realize the localization of evaluation on the basis of adapting to the domestic situation. At the same time, there is no scientific and perfect mathematical modelling literacy evaluation system in China’s basic education research. How can middle school front-line teachers better evaluate students’ mathematical modelling literacy? As a result, it is critical to develop a scientific and quantitative mathematical literacy measurement model that will aid in the teaching and research of mathematical modelling by middle school front-line teachers, as well as contributing theoretically to the evaluation and research of mathematical modelling literacy in China. Therefore, based on mathematics literacy evaluation, this paper studies the hierarchy of the IoT and the measurement and evaluation model of mathematics literacy based on the IoT, as well as its enlightenment to the compilation of mathematics academic test questions in China.

Research on the Characteristics of China's Foreign Energy Discourse

This article focuses on the research of the characteristics of foreign energy discourse from the perspective of "One Belt One Road". Combined with the current international economic background, the international energy cooperation language discourse and activities relevant documents reading are carried out through a horizontal and vertical comparative analysis. It is mainly about the language itself to analyze energy discourse development, existing problems and improvement measures. From the case analysis of scientific knowledge competition and discourse construction in the international energy field, it can be seen that adding the scientific and technological discourse perspective to study energy transition is conducive to a deeper understanding of the future energy strategic pattern and direction. It is also advantageous to the huge driving force contained in energy transition to promote China's development and international system change. It requires us to consider the international background work understanding and the language plan itself. We are supposed to analyze the current political hotspots reasonably such as the situation in Russia, Ukraine and related energy development strategies, and conduct in-depth exploration of energy academic discourse studies socially and contemporarily. Besides, it is significant to highlight the times development theme to promote global energy governance.

An Opportunity of a Lifetime: How Imagination Can Transform Life During a Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic created a demand for change and innovation in nursing and nurse education. In this paper, the authors tell the story of a nurse faculty member and two of her prelicensure RN nursing students who were evicted from their classroom and clinical site because of the pandemic, but who were able to use their imagination and creativity to explore new ways of teaching and learning nursing and being a nurse. Humility and empathy are critically important aspects of imagination and creativity, particularly in nurse education. The authors also seek to consider these issues from a global perspective, thanks in part to the diversity and international backgrounds of the contributors.

2022 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN HUNGARY

The Hungarian parliamentary elections of 2022 for the fifth time in the recent history of the country brought victory to the FIDESZ party, including the fourth with a constitutional majority of 2 /3 of parliamentary mandates. At the same time, during the current election campaign in Hungary, the system of preliminary election of a single candidate (by the type of primaries) among opposition parties and movements was tested for the first time. However, this did not save the multi-party coalition from another failure. Nevertheless, the recent elections have further strengthened the trend towards the formation in Hungary, as in a number of other Central European countries, of a two-party political system with a small layer of a «third force». The surprise of the elections was the passage to Parliament of the extreme nationalist party «Our Fatherland», which partially broke away from the Jobbik party after the 2018 elections. Now, within the walls of parliament, former right-wing radical party members will meet with the renewed Jobbik party, which performed in the last elections in a coalition with left-liberal forces. This campaign took place against a very unfavorable international background – the war in Ukraine and increased pressure on Hungary from Brussels and from neighboring states that do not agree with the aspirations of the Orban cabinet to prevent the use of Hungarian territory for military purposes. This circumstance made the task extremely difficult for Viktor Orban, the permanent leader of the FIDESZ party since its foundation, and at the same time played in favor of the opposition, as another reason for criticism of the foreign policy pursued by the Prime Minister, a significant element of which since 2011 has been the strengthening of pragmatic relations with Russia.

A Brand Image Design Service Model Using the Visual Communication Technology under the Background of Internationalization

The era of internationalization is the era of Internet of Everything. It not only promotes global economic growth but also subverts the traditional development model of brands in all walks of life, encourages the comprehensive upgrading of traditional brands, and spawns a large number of new-generation online brands. The visual expression of the entire brand promotion strategy is the brand visual design. Communication and appeal are the most specific and direct in the entire brand identity system. With the popularity of the Internet, the rise of platforms, the replacement of mobile devices, and the rapid development of new media technologies, the media and update methods of brand communication are more abundant. A brand image that conforms to the characteristics of the times, as a spiritual outlook, helps to better enhance the brand value. This article focuses on online brand image design in an international context. The brand image design service model based on visual communication is more conducive to brand development and is aimed at stimulating how design thinking can deepen the brand image to a certain extent.

Similar But Different: Integrated Phylogenetic Analysis of Austrian and Swiss HIV-1 Sequences Reveal Differences in Transmission Patterns of the Local HIV-1 Epidemics.

Phylogenetic analyses of 2 or more countries allow to detect differences in transmission dynamics of local HIV-1 epidemics beyond differences in demographic characteristics. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was built using pol -sequences of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) and the Austrian HIV Cohort Study (AHIVCOS), with international background sequences. Three types of phylogenetic cherries (clusters of size 2) were analyzed further: (1) domestic cherries; (2) international cherries; and (3) SHCS/AHIVCOS-cherries. Transmission group and ethnicities observed within the cherries were compared with the respective distribution expected from a random distribution of patients on the phylogeny. The demographic characteristics of the AHIVCOS (included patients: 3'141) and the SHCS (included patients: 12'902) are very similar. In the AHIVCOS, 36.5% of the patients were in domestic cherries, 8.3% in international cherries, and 7.0% in SHCS/AHIVCOS cherries. Similarly, in the SHCS, 43.0% of the patients were in domestic cherries, 8.2% in international cherries, and 1.7% in SHCS/AHIVCOS cherries. Although international cherries in the SHCS were dominated by heterosexuals with men who have sex with men being underrepresented, the opposite was the case for the AHIVCOS. In both cohorts, cherries with one patient belonging to the transmission group intravenous drug user and the other one non-intravenous drug user were underrepresented. In both cohorts, international HIV transmission plays a major role in the local epidemics, mostly driven by men who have sex with men in the AHIVOS, and by heterosexuals in the SHCS, highlighting the importance of international collaborations to understand global HIV transmission links on the way to eliminate HIV.

Curriculum as a language of ethical engagement: Reducing epistemological barriers, continuing the dialogue

AbstractThis paper focused on how students from diverse local and international backgrounds in selected business classes at Washington Adventist University in the USA were affected by the negative rhetoric and actions d'effacer of President Trump over his presidency and also how they were experiencing their studies. A qualitative approach was utilised to collect data via a questionnaire in which 11 students participated. The results are, therefore, not generalisable but can provide insights for further exploration of curriculum and classroom deliberations with diverse student populations. Results showed that all 11 students were studying with students of diverse backgrounds. Six of seven international students found their studies liberating when compared to their home country. It showed that 10 of 11 students were negatively affected by President Trump's rhetoric about racism and anti‐immigrant statements. All 11 felt that their professors understood them. This last result is meaningful due to a commitment to the core values of the institution. With many students discovering mental health challenges today, it is a positive outcome to know that students feel understood. This can be motivating to the maintenance of ethical engagement in curriculum discourses, reducing epistemological barriers and promoting socio‐emotional comfort and acceptance of students of international and diverse backgrounds.

Design of Oral English Teaching Based on Embedded Microprocessor

Under the background of internationalization, China has put forward the strategy of “one belt and one road”; this puts forward higher requirements for the cultivation of internationalized and compound talents for English majors in China. However, through the investigation of the present situation of College Students’ oral English teaching and their oral competence, it is found that college students’ oral English competence and intercultural communication competence are generally low. The teaching concept is backward, the teaching mode is outdated, there are few opportunities for oral practice, and there is a lack of real communication environment. The level of teachers needs to be improved. The purpose of this paper was to design oral English teaching based on embedded microprocessor, aiming at the empirical research on the cultivation of College Students’ intercultural communicative competence. This paper puts forward a teaching experiment scheme, which is guided by processor-based teaching method and guided by cultural teaching skills. Teaching skills refer to the stable and complex teaching behavior system formed by teachers using the existing teaching theoretical knowledge and practice. It includes both skills based on teaching theory and experience in practical use. In order to improve students’ intercultural communicative competence through oral class and to verify the applicability of processor-based approach in oral English class of College English to improve students’ intercultural communicative competence, this paper conducts a one-semester teaching experiment. Processor-based teaching method and traditional teaching method are used in the experiment. Through these two teaching methods, the standard deviations of test scores are 3.2 and 3.0, respectively. Embedded has become the most common application method for the intelligentization of electronic systems. In addition to setting up separate courses, embedded systems are the most widely used means in many practical aspects involved, such as course design, graduation design, graduate thesis, and other topics.

Therapist and counseling center effects on international students' counseling outcome: A mixed methods study.

We employed a convergent mixed methods design to examine therapist and counseling center effects on international student clients' (ISCs) counseling outcomes. Using the Center for Collegiate Mental Health (CCMH) data set (2015-2017), we conducted a three-level hierarchical linear model with clients (N = 85,110) nested in therapists (N = 1,267), and therapists nested in counseling centers (N = 111), with clients' international status predicting distress (DI) in their last sessions while controlling for initial DI. Compared to domestic students, the average last session DI was significantly higher among ISCs. Random effects were significant, suggesting that some therapists and centers were more effective in their work with ISCs than others. When the proportion of ISCs seen was accounted into the model, we found a cross-level interaction in which the last session DI differences between ISCs and domestic students were significant for centers seeing a small percentage of ISCs but not for centers with large percentages of ISCs in the caseload. Grounded theory analysis of qualitative data from 11 therapists with international backgrounds revealed therapist and center factors that converged with our quantitative findings. Participants reported adhering to general clinical frameworks when working with ISCs given the lack of training on international competence (which may help explain the effectiveness gap), but also noted nuanced culturally-informed components that likely contribute to more effectively working with ISCs. Findings around center effects were complemented by qualitative results emphasizing systemic representation and engagement with diversity, creative outreach efforts, and administrative/leadership support. Implications for practice and research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Relationship between the Degree of Internationalization and Greenwashing of Environmental Responsibilities in China-Based on the Legitimacy Perspective

Based on the legitimacy theory, A-share-listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2007 to 2018 are taken as the research sample. This paper explores the internal mechanism of how internationalization degree affects the greenwashing behavior of Chinese multinational enterprises, and tests the moderating mechanism of legitimacy pressures from the home country. The findings are as follows: First, under the background of internationalization, enterprises are more inclined to greenwash, and this tendency is more obvious with the increase in internationalization degree. Second, in the full sample analysis, the moderating effects of environmental regulation, public pressure, and industry pressure are not statistically significant. Third, the moderating effect of legitimacy pressures varies due to the heterogeneity of regions and property rights of the enterprises. The statistical significance of the moderating effect is affected by the diversity of environmental regulation measures, but it can be roughly concluded that the eastern and western regions show a negative moderating effect, and the central region shows a positive moderating effect. The current moderating effect of public pressure is much stronger than the lagging moderating effect, and it shows obvious regional and property rights differences. The moderating effect of industry pressure also shows obvious regional and property rights differences.

China's Investment Abroad and Imports to Countries Along the Belt and Road

Belt and Road is an open regional economic cooperation system. The strategy of Belt and Road is proposed to promote economic development and trade cooperation between China and the countries along the route, and to jointly build a community of shared interests and destiny between China and the countries along the rou2te. Under the current international background of global economic integration and trade protectionism, Researching on China’s investment abroad and imports to countries along the Belt and Road has strong practical significance. This article analyzes the status quo of China's investment and imports in countries along the Belt and Road, studies the existing problems, and proposes countermeasures.

Languaging dynamics in interactive lecturing: exploring an embodied approach to deep learning in L2 higher education contexts

ABSTRACT The present study aims to explore an embodied approach to students’ deep learning; specifically, how deep learning is interactively achieved through teachers’ languaging dynamics and multimodal representations in interactive lecturing in L2 higher education (HE) contexts. The purpose is to understand how an instructor’s embodied and multimodal pedagogical practices of interactive teaching facilitate students’ active classroom engagement in lecture sessions that are often considered a form of passive knowledge transmission. The case study focuses on the languaging dynamics mobilised by the target teacher participant, who has been recognised as a representative of teaching excellence due to an international background and rich localised teaching experience. Aligned with the theoretical underpinnings of an embodied approach to learning from a constructivist perspective, this study focuses on the multimodal repertoire employed by the teacher’s use of gestures to stimulate students’ responses to the pedagogically designed high-order questions. We argue that this complementarity encourages thinking and active learning in the knowledge transfer. Further, this embodied interactive teaching mode with the affordances of gestures not only supports learning potential for information transmission but also affords action potentials for cognitive thinking and projected interaction for knowledge transformation in the active learning process.

Similarity and Difference Between Landscape Character and Townscape

The phrases 'townscape' and 'landscape character' are not used very often in common language, although we meet the meaning of these notions day after day. In scientific language, the definitions of settlement and landscape sometimes merge into each other, while at other times are totally different. What do we mean by townscape and what by landscape character? Is it possible to separate the two? The answer is constantly changing during history, according to the spirit of the age and the field of science. Despite the differences and formation, the various approaches converge in many aspects: we always mean a continuously changing, dynamic, spatial, physically distinct visual, and also a geographical spatial unit, which surrounds us. The definition of this, and a deliberate and controlled development are becoming more and more important in landscape and urban planning. At the end of 2016, a new genre, the so called Townscape Design Guide was introduced by law on local planning. In 2016, the national landscape character project had also begun. The phrases in the title refer to these new, national professional ’genres’. The aim of the study is to get to know these two, parallel processes, to reveal their connections by interpreting the Hungarian legal system, and the international background that influences it.