B2C E-commerce Research Articles

Consumption Risk and Legal Response in B2C e-Commerce Based on Neural Network Algorithm

In the era of “Internet +,” the world economy is increasingly globalized and informatized, the development of China’s B2C e-commerce is facing unprecedented opportunities, but it is also constrained by consumption risks. Consumption risk will make consumers have a crisis of trust in e-commerce, which brings uncertainty to the development of B2C. Therefore, it is very necessary to predict and prevent consumption risks in B2C e-commerce and take corresponding legal countermeasures. It is well known that neural networks (NNs) have strong predictive ability, but there are also problems such as lack of stability. As a result, in order to improve the prediction ability of neural network, principal component analysis and particle swarm technology are proposed in this paper as well as its stability and prediction error. The risk prediction accuracy of the BP NN (BPNN) technique was the lowest at 60% and the maximum at 70%, according to the experimental results of this research. The GA-BP technique has the lowest risk prediction accuracy of 80 percent. The risk prediction accuracy of the PSO-BP method is the lowest with 90% and the highest with 100%. Although the NN before the improvement can effectively predict the consumption risk, the risk prediction ability of the improved NN combined with principal component analysis and particle swarm algorithm is higher. Therefore, in life, the relevant personnel can apply the GA-BP and PSO-BP methods to the consumption risk prediction in B2C e-commerce to reduce the risk and make the e-commerce develop better.

Nexus of Technology Adoption, E-commerce, and Global Value Chains: The Case of Asia

Existing literature has examined either the key drivers of global value chain (GVC) exports or the factors affecting e-commerce growth. Studies that investigate the impact of e-commerce, in particular business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce, on GVCs are largely missing. The growing prevalence of digital platforms centered around e-commerce marketplaces motivates this study to examine if e-commerce growth in an economy can affect its GVC exports and how information and communication technology infrastructure and technology adoption measures, payment systems, and delivery mechanisms can facilitate this growth. Panel ordinary least squares, feasible generalized least squares, and two-stage least squares estimations are used to determine the relationship between GVC exports and e-commerce sales. The results indicate empirical evidence of the positive impact of B2C e-commerce on GVC exports. The robust and positive impact of B2C e-commerce on GVC exports—when instrumented by secure internet servers, internet bandwidth, and digital payment schemes—suggests growth of B2C e-commerce in an economy can contribute to its GVC participation.

Importance of implementing B2C e-commerce systems in SMEs in Mexico

The important role of SMEs as a sector of growing importance in the economic development of Mexico is undeniable, its fundamental problem is the challenge of constant updating of technology that allows it to sustain itself in a competitive environment. Electronic commerce is a medium that has elements of distribution of products that can circulate online around the world, however, only a small part of SMEs have a sales channel on the Internet. The objective of this work is the proposal for the implementation of a B2C (business-consumer) e-commerce system so that SMEs can advertise, promote and distribute products over the Internet to achieve links with new markets that allow them to sustain themselves in an environment highly competitive. The analysis was carried out with a deductive methodology and with a quantitative approach in which the collection and analysis of data is used to validate the proposal in a statistical model and under this foundation to propose the model.

B2C e-commerce logistics network optimization model

In this paper, considering the characteristics of e-commerce logistics and the problems arising from the construction of logistics network, based on the full investigation and research of the B2C electricity supplier operation mode, we have studied and summarized the research results of scholars at home and abroad aiming at the related problems, and summarized and summarized the methods and steps of logistics network optimization in the whole country. First, we established the logistics network structure.The definition of network level, node function and connection between nodes is carried out. Then, through the improved urban agglomeration order gravity model, the scope of self logistics city is screened. Finally, the link of logistics network structure is scheduled for completion with the goal of cost optimization.

The environmental impact of fast delivery B2C e-commerce in outbound logistics operations: A simulation approach

During the past few years, the increase of last-mile distribution (LMD) of the business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce has brought changes for the Supply Chain Management (SCM), such as new economic and environmental challenges. On the other hand, sustainability and high levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with transportation of goods have not yet been considered to be sufficient to help address this gap. This work aims to investigate how flexible delivery time strategies may impact the mileage traveled by vehicles in the LMD. To do that, a discrete event simulation model was developed using the consolidation level and delivery time variables to analyze logistics scenarios. Results revealed that, in certain circumstances, more flexible delivery times and higher levels of shipment consolidation may shorten the total mileage traveled by the vehicles. Moreover, they provide economic and environmental benefits due to reduced fuel consumption and thus GHG emissions with no major impact for consumers.

중국 B2C 글로벌전자상거래 소비자의 구매체험 요인이 재구매 의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

With the recent development of B2C global e-commerce and the development of IT technology, global e-commerce platforms have emerged. Through this, the development of the cross-border trade environment was promoted, and opportunities for corporate globalization in the production and sales of products and services were rapidly increased. This study was theoretically based on S-O-R (stimulus-organism-response). Here, the purchasing experience involved in using B2C e-commerce is looked at from three perspectives: convenience experience, product quality experience, and logistics service experience. The subjects of this study are consumers in Shandong, China who have experience using Alibaba, Jingdong and in order to collect appropriate data, the 山东省电子商务协会, 山东省跨境电子商务协会, 山东省电子商务促进会, 山东省电商研究中心 were mainly referred to. For the empirical analysis of this study, descriptive statistical analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were performed through SPSS 26.0 statistics. As a result of the analysis, it is possible to verify the significant effect of purchase experience on repurchase intention through customer satisfaction when purchasing products on a B2C global platform.

The moderating role of perceived CSR messages on the relationship between e-WOM and online customer trust

Electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) studies have been popular as a result of the rise of social networks and e-commerce. Nonetheless, there has been very little research on CSR communication associated with e-WOM. The purpose of this study is to see how e-WOM, as a means of sharing information about CSR activities, affects Vietnamese B2C e-commerce customers’ trust. With the help of 349 online consumers in Hanoi, data was gathered through online and direct survey methods. As a result of the findings, we can conclude that the relationship between e-WOM and customer’s trust is moderated by CSR messages. The authors provide a variety of solutions based on the research findings to assist B2C organizations in improving their communicating information about CSR activities to achieve the optimum marketing effectiveness

New Practice of E-Commerce Platform: Evidence from Two Trade-In Programs

In the context of developing the digital platform economy, trade-in programs have become an effective strategy for e-commerce platforms to stimulate consumption. Many head e-commerce platforms have launched their own trade-in programs. However, the existing research on trade-in programs is still stuck in the traditional trade-in model. The purpose of this study is to explore whether there is a new and more beneficial trade-in program. In this paper, we construct the Stackelberg game model between a brand owner and a B2C e-commerce platform under two trade-in programs and use optimization theory to obtain the equilibrium results of the model. The results indicate that the performance improvement of the new-generation product will promote the increase in two-generation products’ price under traditional trade-in programs, the price of the new-generation product will increase, and the price of the previous-generation product will decrease under new trade-in programs. The brand owner always prefers traditional trade-in to new trade-in. However, the e-commerce platform prefers traditional trade-in to new trade-in just when the previous-generation product is durable enough and the performance improvement of a new-generation product is small enough; otherwise, it prefers new trade-in to traditional trade-in. These findings are beneficial to the operational practices of e-commerce platforms and brand owners.

Study of Influence on E-commerce B2C Marketing Strategy on Sichuan Consumers’ Intention to Purchase Local Specialties

B2C stands for “Business to Consumer.” This type of marketing involves strategies to promote products and services directly to target consumers. The products and services sold are generally those ordinary customers use in their daily lives and meet urgent needs. The way of purchasing local specialties needs a different emotional response for a quick purchase decision. The aims of this research study are based on three objectives: to analyze the influence on Sichuan consumers’ willingness to buy local specialties before and after the implementation of the e-commerce B2C marketing strategy; to explore the influencing mechanism between the following groups of factors: what is the relationship between satisfaction and purchase intention; to make feasible suggestions on how the B2C e-commerce marketing strategy of native products can provide better services for the needs of the consumers

User Experience Evaluation of B2C E-Commerce Websites Based on Fuzzy Information

With the popularization of personal computers and the development of the Internet, the number of netizens is increasing. The emerging B2C e-commerce platform shows the fierce competition in the e-commerce market. B2C e-commerce distribution is faced with the problems of high distribution cost, long time, and poor quality, which leads to the poor user experience of B2C online shopping and the lack of trust in e-commerce enterprises. This research mainly discusses the user experience evaluation of B2C e-commerce websites based on fuzzy information. First, the AHP analytic hierarchy process is used to construct a hierarchical evaluation system, and then, the two-by-two judgment matrix is compared to the index factors at all levels, and experts are invited to score the method to determine the weight of each index to test whether it meets the consistency requirements. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to perform fuzzy conversion of the original weight, and the membership degree set of the user experience evaluation factors is given, and the fuzzy comprehensive calculation result of the B2C website performance level is calculated. By combining in-depth interviews with website users and questionnaire surveys to analyze the behavioral characteristics of user information navigation, summarize the demand list for product search, product selection, product comparison, and product detail page browsing, and provide a reference for the design and development of information navigation. Calculating the decision model, mainly using fuzzy calculation, calculate the foreground value under each attribute and get the comprehensive foreground value. By comparing with the decision-making behavior model constructed by expected utility theory, it is found that the behavioral decision-making model constructed in this paper based on prospect theory can be closer to the actual situation. In this study, the satisfaction with the function provided reached 68 points, the emotional response 66 points, the aesthetic response 70 points, and the information construction 64 points. Through empirical research, the key factors affecting user satisfaction of B2C e-commerce logistics distribution are summarized, and a B2C e-commerce logistics distribution evaluation system based on user experience is established. This research will provide methods and ideas for the research on user experience design of e-commerce websites and the research and development of related network products. The article helps to draw out the countermeasures and suggestions for the development of the current B2C e-commerce logistics distribution.

Social Interaction With Software Connectors and the Function of Facade Component in Secure Application Logic

The paper represents a conceptual study of the social interaction model of ATMs by using integration in a UML model-based design for software architecture that deals with the secure component-based software protection and communication patterns through facade based connector. The facade-based connector is developed separately from software components by using the correct contact pattern between components and the required security patterns that encapsulate the connection with other secure connectors. Each secure connector consists of both security architecture and contact patterns. It is constructed as a composite component even though connectors are usually used by component-based software development to encapsulate the mechanisms of communication with components. This paper addresses the security and privacy issues related to social interaction with the ATM model that may also be encapsulated in the software application logic through a secure facade based connector that is known as a security in a connector based social e-commerce B2c application

Електронна комерція як інструмент забезпечення безперервності бізнесу в умовах пандемії «COVID19»

The COVID19 pandemic in 2019 dealt a severe blow to the economy of every country in the world. As a result of the closure of many businesses and stores, many consumers switched to online shopping – 84 % made online purchases during the pandemic. Shoppers began shopping outside their home country, which intensified online competition. In the first half of 2020, cross-border e-commerce grew by 21 %. SOLMAR LLC, which is a leader in the Ukrainian market for the production and sale of basic women’s clothing, was chosen to study e-commerce business processes. The main types of e-commerce of the researched enterprise are B2C and B2B. The company has 8 offline stores, a web-site, Instagram with more than 600 thousand subscribers, went to Rozetka and Amazon. The consumers of the enterprise include women aged 14–50. Turksell and Akademi Textile are the key suppliers that ensure timely delivery of materials and orders. Among the main competitors of SOLMAR LLC are FAMO, VOVK, Fashionista, ByOn. The main partners of the company are: SKYUP, PrivatBank, Nova Poshta, Avivi, ROZETKA, Amazon. According to the B2B form, the company cooperates with the following corporate clients: «SkyUP»; AstraDent; BROOKLYN. According to the NPS survey, the level of consumer loyalty to the brand is 86%. According to the pricing policy, the company is middle-class and offers high quality at a fairly low price on the market compared to competitors. The business process of e-commerce of SOLMAR LLC was evaluated. It is established that ecommerce B2C LLC «SOLMAR» in the peak period of sales has a high profitability. The financial and economic condition of the enterprise in 2017-2020 is estimated by a number of indicators and on their basis the taxonomic indicator of the level of development is calculated. The taxonomic indicator of the level of development in 2020 deviates from its value in 2019 by only 0.002 points. It was concluded that the introduction of e-commerce allowed SOLMAR LLC not only to continue economic activity in the COVID19 pandemic, but also to increase profits from sales of goods, increase its market share and increase the value of its product to consumers.

Last–Mile Delivery in B2C E-Commerce – Common Practices in Some Countries, But What Do They Mean for Businesses in Vietnam?

E-commerce is a dispensable aspect of modern society, and technology is constantly developing to keep up with the growth of e-commerce. This study synthesizes those innovative solutions and proposes implications aimed at increasing the efficiency of last-mile delivery in business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce in Vietnam. It focuses on the analysis of the experience of some countries in terms of employing last-mile delivery models in urban areas, then investigates the situation of adopting last-mile delivery models in Vietnam, and finally, proposes solutions and recommendations to improve last-mile delivery in Vietnam. The research was carried out from May to August 2021 with the techniques of synthesis, comparison, and data descriptive statistics accompanied by short interviews with delivery drivers. The research suggests that delivery companies should develop collection-and-delivery points (CDPs) and parcel lockers (PLs) besides the traditional attended home delivery (AHD). Moreover, to facilitate the unattended delivery models, online shops should not exaggerate goods’ quality to cheat buyers and instead take measures to encourage buyers to make e-payments for their orders. Government and authorities are recommended to continue supervising activities of e-payment, updating legal documents to ensure the information security for customers, advertising digital payment tools in the social network environment to increase buyer awareness of e-payment, and imposing a tough penalty for dishonest or cheating online companies. The research is novel as it suggests means to strengthen alternative, modern models besides AHD, which people are likely to adopt in an ever more busy and modern society.

B2C E-Commerce Customer Churn Prediction Based on K-Means and SVM

Customer churn prediction is very important for e-commerce enterprises to formulate effective customer retention measures and implement successful marketing strategies. According to the characteristics of longitudinal timelines and multidimensional data variables of B2C e-commerce customers’ shopping behaviors, this paper proposes a loss prediction model based on the combination of k-means customer segmentation and support vector machine (SVM) prediction. The method divides customers into three categories and determines the core customer groups. The support vector machine and logistic regression were compared to predict customer churn. The results show that each prediction index after customer segmentation was significantly improved, which proves that k-means clustering segmentation is necessary. The accuracy of the SVM prediction was higher than that of the logistic regression prediction. These research results have significance for customer relationship management of B2C e-commerce enterprises.

Analyzing the Effect of One-Stop Shopping on Purchase Intention in E-Commerce

Beginning with the advent of the Internet in the mid-nineties, e-commerce has started to be a viable alternative way of shopping for the consumers worldwide. Without doubt, it could be said that e-commerce has become indispensable in our lives. Recent global pandemic has increased e-commerce adoption by elderly people even further as the sole way of buying their needs. This paper studies the direct and indirect effects of product portfolio in B2C e-commerce web sites on customers’ purchase intention through perceived value and brand loyalty. SEM method was used to test the hypotheses. The results of the study indicate that product portfolio does not have a direct effect on purchase intention. However, it does have an indirect influence on purchase intention through perceived value and brand loyalty. As a result, this study validates the extant literature by confirming the mediating role of brand loyalty between the relationship between perceived value and purchase intention. The findings obtained are believed to provide significant contribution to the related e-commerce literature.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF M|M|1 and M|M|C MODELS FOR B2C WITH SUPPLY CHAIN PROCESS

With the emerging technology of electronic commerce, most of the business companies positively tend to offer services to their clients dealing in B2C e-commerce. We pro- posed four models for business to consumer (B2C) with supply chain management. First two models are M |M |1 with and without server breakdown and other models are M |M |C with and without server breakdown. During service when the server breakdown, the re- pairing process of the server begins immediately. During repair period the server serves the customer with slow rate and service period follows exponential distribution. Then numerical results are also illustrated various system performances are calculated

PERBANDINGAN PENGENAAN PAJAK E-COMMERCE B2C ANTARA INDONESIA DENGAN SINGAPURA

The development of information and communication technology nowadays has an impact on the trade sector. According to data from Badan Pusat Statistika and Kominfo, trade carried out through electronic media makes economic growth expeditious. Trading through electronic media is commonly referred to as E-commerce. Online stores are one of the fastest growing types of e-commerce businesses in Indonesia, an example of e-commerce in Online Stores is Business to Consumer (B2C). Indonesia as one of the e-commerce user countries with the largest number of transactions in Southeast Asia, however, e-commerce taxation regulations in Indonesia are still enforced the same as ordinary conventional stores, causing problems in taxation, especially in the imposition of B2C e-commerce taxes. Tax authorities find it difficult to determine the imposition of the amount of tax owed to e-commerce taxpayers. The writing method used by this author is a normative juridical method, where the method is carried out by looking for instructions in documents or library materials, or better known as document studies.
 Indonesia already has regulations for imposing taxes on e-commerce transactions, but there are no regulations for imposing taxes on certain types of e-commerce. In the implementation of the imposition of B2C e-commerce taxes in Indonesia, there are still many obstacles that are limited by inadequate regulations and systems. Reflecting on the state of Singapore, Indonesia must have special regulations and adequate systems for B2C e-commerce so that existing obstacles can be resolved properly.

A theoretical framework for the logistics strategies of B2C e-commerce retailers based on current trends in the industry

In B2C e-commerce, logistics is highly visible and very important to customers. It is therefore important that e-tailers have a strategy for the type of logistics services they want to offer, i.e., how they position themselves compared to their competitors. This paper aims to develop a theoretical framework for logistics strategies within the B2C e-commerce market. The theoretical framework developed in this paper is based on two sources of information: extensive quantitative data concerning the current and future trends in B2C e-commerce logistics and well-known models concerning competitive strategy. We find that B2C e-commerce logistics can be categorised into three main strategies: the 'logistics industry leaders' strategy, the 'logistics efficiency seekers' strategy, and the 'logistics niche concepts' strategy. We argue that because of the strong economies of scale in B2C e-commerce, logistics industry leaders are in a disproportionately strong position, especially compared to logistics efficiency seekers. The emphasis on competitive advantages and market positioning based on the logistics services offered by e-tailers is a new perspective that has not yet been discussed in the literature.

Repurchase intention behavior in B2C E-commerce

The intention to buy back is one of the objectives of the business strategy. This study aims to analyze the effect of mediating customer satisfaction on e-service and repurchase intention. This analytical study was conducted on e-commerce that is widely used by Indonesia, namely Shopee.co.id. The rapid growth of e-commerce, both C2C and B2B, has made online retailers compete in the online retail business. The intention to buy back is no longer solely due to the quality of service like an offline business. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of mediating customer satisfaction from the quality of E-Commerce on repurchase intention in E-Commerce that has implemented a combination of C2B and B2B. Quantitative methods with structural equation analysis (SEM) and path analysis were used to analyze data using LISREL. The questionnaire is distributed to respondents used as samples taken from the population for this research. The researched population is user of Shopee.co.id in Indonesia, whereas samples of the population are randomly taken. The samples of this research are 279 respondents. The results of this study found that there is no significant direct effect of electronic service quality on repurchases intentions, but when customer satisfaction acts as a mediating variable, it shows that electronic service quality affects repurchase intention significantly through customer satisfaction. This study will help online retailers to find out what factors influence customers to make repeat purchases.

A theoretical framework for the logistics strategies of B2C e-commerce retailers based on current trends in the industry

A theoretical framework for the logistics strategies of B2C e-commerce retailers based on current trends in the industry