B20 Biodiesel Research Articles

Physiochemical Characterization of B20 Bio-diesel from Arachis Hypogaea Oil as Alternative Fuel for Marine Diesel Engines

Physiochemical Characterization of B20 Bio-diesel from Arachis Hypogaea Oil as Alternative Fuel for Marine Diesel Engines

Bio-ethanol additive effect on direct injection diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics – an experimental examination

ABSTRACT The present investigation explores the effect of dairy scum oil methyl ester (DSOME) blends and ethanol additive on TV1 Kirloskar diesel engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. From the experimental study, it is concluded that DSOME-B20 (20% dairy scum biodiesel + 80% diesel) has shown appreciable performance and lower HC and CO emissions among all other blends. Hence DSOME-B20 is optimised as best fuel blend and it is carried for further investigations to study the effect of bio-ethanol additive on diesel engine performance. From the study it apparent that diesel engine operated with ethanol additive and 20% dairy scum biodiesel blended fuels shown the satisfactorily improved emission characteristics when compared to petroleum diesel fuel operation. Finally, from the experimental investigation, it concludes that addition of ethanol shown the slightly higher HC, CO emission and improved BTE, BSFC, NOx and CO2 than sole B20 biodiesel blend. Among all three (3%, 6% and 9%) ethanol additive ratios, E6% (6%-ethanol with B20) ethanol additive exhibits slightly better BTE, BSFC, cylinder pressure and heat release rate hence 6% ethanol additive with B20 biodiesel blend would furnish beneficial effects in the diesel engine.

The impact of biodiesel B100 on a small agricultural diesel engine

Abstract To use the engine with confidence over the long term, it is necessary to test the engine's reliability and durability. Field tests that used a 14-hp Kubota RT140 Di diesel engine fueled with palm biodiesel B100 were conducted after approximately 800 h of operation, running with a heavy load continuously at low speed for 12-h to aerate a fish pond from dusk till dawn. Multi-grade lubricating oil was changed and collected after every 100-h of operation. The laboratory analysis and the ferrographic results suggested degradation of oil. Provided that the lubricating system was maintained, the B100 engine's operating condition was as good on biodiesel as on diesel fuel, undergoing the usual rate of wear without sacrificing mechanical reliability and durability.

Effect of aluminium oxide hydroxide Nano fluid in castor oil biodiesel fuelled diesel engine

This investigation deals with understanding the effect of adding Aluminium oxide hydroxide nanoparticles along with water with a motive to improve the operational characteristics of a CI engine. Castor biodiesel was prepared using methanol in transesterification process and nanoparticles were available. X-ray diffraction studies were carried out to understand the particle size, structure and its morphology. Three different levels of concentration such as 50, 100 and 200 ppm were preferred to blend in emulsified biodiesel. 20% blend of Castor biodiesel was chosen and 5%, 10% water for emulsion were used. 1% of Span 80 and Tween 80 surfactants each helps in obtaining stable mixture of the fuels. The performance, combustion, and emission characteristics were studied for a CI engine. Performance parameters and emission values reveal that the thermal efficiency is slightly lower than neat diesel. NOx emissions for castor biodiesel B20 were 10% higher than neat diesel. Nanoparticles enabled better air fuel mixing and 18.6% reduction in NOx was obtained by using 200 ppm nanoparticles.

Effect Of Fuel Temperatures on Performance and Emission Characteristics of HCCI Mode Diesel Engine Fueled with Diesel and B20 Biodiesel Diesel Blend

Effect Of Fuel Temperatures on Performance and Emission Characteristics of HCCI Mode Diesel Engine Fueled with Diesel and B20 Biodiesel Diesel Blend

Caracterización Caracterización y Análisis Comparativo de Biodiésel a Base de Higuerilla B10, Respecto de Diésel Comercial de Alta Calidad

En este artículo se presenta la caracterización fisicoquímica de diésel comercial (Premium), y de biodiésel a base de aceite de higuerilla, en proporción B10. Se ha realizado un análisis comparativo en cuanto a las características obtenidas para ambos tipos de combustible y se muestran los resultados alcanzados. Las propiedades fisicoquímicas tratadas son: Punto de inflamación, viscosidad cinemática, sedimentos básicos y agua (BSW), corrosión a la lámina de cobre, azufre e índice de cetano calculados. Las propiedades del biodiésel están influenciadas por las características físicas de la composición de ácidos grasos, tales como el grado de insaturación, el porcentaje de ácidos grasos saturados, ácidos grasos mono-insaturados, y el ácido graso poliinsaturado. Las propiedades de los combustibles son los factores clave para determinar la idoneidad de cualquier combustible alternativo. Los resultados muestran que las características del biodiésel B10 están dentro de los rangos estipulados por normativa internacional, además de reducir significativamente emisiones contaminantes. La caracterización de los combustibles ha sido realizada en base a la norma INEN 1489 y normas ASTM.

Experimental studies on production of deoxygenated vegetable oils and their performance evaluation in a compression ignition engine

The present experimental investigation aims at production of second-generation biofuels from straight vegetable oils (SVOs) and carrying out their performance assessment in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The intended second-generation biofuels, i.e., deoxygenated vegetable oils (DVOs), were produced through catalytic deoxygenation of palm and karanja SVOs over 5 wt% Pd/C catalyst under an inert (N2) atmosphere using a batch autoclave reactor. Fuel characterization and elemental analysis were carried out for the produced DVOs to evaluate various fuel properties. In order to evaluate the fuel composition and presence of diesel range aliphatic hydrocarbons, GC-MS and FT-NMR tests were carried out. The engine performance and emission characteristics with the DVOs were evaluated in a developed experimental diesel engine setup. Results showed that the DVOs exhibit better engine performance, lower emissions, and marginally higher NOx emissions compared to those with diesel fuel. In order to establish the DVOs as possible CI engine fuels, the performance and emission characteristics with the DVOs were compared against those with their corresponding established B20 biodiesel blends. The comparative assessment revealed that the engine performance and emission characteristics with the DVOs are superior compared to those with the corresponding B20 biodiesel blends. Especially, the NOx emissions with the DVOs are significantly lower as compared to their corresponding B20 biodiesel blends.

Ionic liquid-coated alumina-pretreated micro gas chromatography columns for high-efficient separations

These studies demonstrate the influence of an intermediate layer of aluminum oxide on the separation performance of a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-coated gas chromatography silicon microcolumn. A 1 m long semipacked column having 190 μm wide and 240 μm deep rectangular cross-sectional channels with embedded arrays of micro pillars was microfabricated. A thin layer of alumina was then deposited on the surface of the channels via atomic layer deposition. Following the alumina deposition, the channels were coated with an RTIL. The separation performance of the RTIL-coated columns with and without the alumina layer was evaluated by measuring the separation efficiency and peak capacity. A substantial increase in separation efficiency was observed in the presence of the alumina layer. The alumina-pretreated columns, at optimum flow rate, exhibited as high as 8000 plates per meter, which is a 2.1-fold increase as compared to the column with no alumina layer. It is inferred that alumina coating promotes the formation of a more uniform RTIL film, thereby enhancing the separation efficiency. The peak production rates of alumina-RTIL columns for temperature-programmed separation were found to be 0.80–1.1 peaks per second, which is an improvement compared to silicon-RTIL columns. The separation performance of these columns were further evaluated by separating a standard 21-component mixture of hazardous organic compounds, a sample of kerosene, diesel, and B20 biodiesel. These studies open up new possibilities of enhancing the separation efficiency of microcolumns by coating silicon surface with a suitable material prior to depositing an ionic liquid.

Advantages of the use of biodiesel B10 (Ricinus communis) on Diesel fossil in the protection of the environment

Advantages of the use of biodiesel B10 (Ricinus communis) on Diesel fossil in the protection of the environment

Profile analysis of biodiesel producers in Brazil during 2005–2015

ABSTRACTPetroleum-derived fuels such as diesel, natural gas and coal have been the main sources of energy for the global energy matrix. Due to this, there is a necessity to implement new technologies to increase biofuel production from renewable sources, such as the use of soybean oil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of the companies that were established to produce B100 biodiesel in Brazil from 2005 to 2015. The research was developed using data from scientific articles, master's dissertations and PhD theses, statistical yearbooks, laws and decrees in force. It also used data collections published by the government agencies and representative entities from the biodiesel sector for the elaboration of a correlation matrix for average prices of biodiesel, diesel oil and soybean oil. The average B100 biodiesel prices between 2011 and 2015 have been lower than the average selling prices from soybean oil. Currently, the biodiesel unit comprises 71.14% large production units, 20.31% medium production units and 8.55% small production units of B100 biodiesel. The participation of transnational companies in the biodiesel market is responsible for a significant portion of the installed production capacity in Brazil.

Effect of compression ratio on the performance of CI engine fuelled with freshwater algae biodiesel

ABSTRACTBiodiesel is proved to be a better substitute of conventional diesel. Economically good biosource is a needed one. In this study, freshwater algae (micro algae) are used for producing the biodiesel. The fuel properties of the biodiesel sample were tested and found within the limits. The B10 and B20 biodiesel blends with diesel are tested in a single cylinder CI engine. The blends show a better performance in CI engine and the values are closer to the conventional diesel. The important engine parameter compression ratio is also made to vary. At the three compression ratios, the biodiesel’s performance trend is quite comparable with diesel.

Genome Sequence of a Byssochlamys sp. Strain Isolated from Fouled B20 Biodiesel.

ABSTRACTByssochlamys sp. strain AF001 is a filamentous fungus isolated from fouled B20 biodiesel. Its growth on B20 biodiesel results in the degradation and fouling of the fuel and higher rates of corrosion in affected storage tanks. The genome of Byssochlamys sp. AF001 is 35.9 Mbp and is composed of 10 scaffolds, with a G+C content of 45.89%.

Evaluation of Potentiometric Methods for Acid Number Determination in Commercial Biodiesel Samples and Proposal of Alternative Method

The acid number (AN) is an important parameter that informs the quantity of free fatty acids (FFA) and acids originating from degradation reactions of biodiesel during production process and its storage. Due to the need to research and evaluate new environmentally friendly methods that reduce the toxic use solvents and minimize amounts of sample without significant loss of precision in the AN measurements by ASTM D664 method, the aims of this work were: i) to establish a procedure of cleaning and hydration of glass electrode to perform AN analyzes according ASTM D664 method in two commercial B100 biodiesel samples produced at Brazilian central-west region; ii) to propose the modification of the ASTM D664 method by reducing the amount solvent mixture and the sample size and to compare AN values obtained for cited samples with those obtained by ASTM D664 and EN 14104 methods. We proposed a simple procedure of cleaning and hydration of electrode. In this procedure, after each titration of the sample, electrode is rinsed with small portion of ethanol (approximately 5 mL) and then the electrode is immersed in distilled water by 15 min. The method proposed in this work is a modification ASTM D664 method, reducing by half the amount of sample and using only 50 ml solvent mixture against 125 for the official method. The acid number values determined indicate that biodiesel samples are in agreement with the maximum value stipulated by ANP resolution. By statistical analysis with confidence level of 95%, the results obtained with the proposed method are significantly equivalent to the official method ASTM D664, presenting satisfactory results, since the modification reduced the amount of solvent mixture by 60% and the sample amount by 50% used in the analysis, contributing to environmentally friendly analyzes and favoring both sustainable development and economic issues linked to biofuel research. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v10i1.1034

ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMBEBANAN ENGINE TERHADAP EMISI GAS BUANG DAN FUEL CONSUMPTION MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKAR SOLAR DAN BIODIESEL B10 PADA ENGINE CUMMINS QSK 45 C

Abstract: The fuels for Diesel engines derived from petroleum of its existence the longer depleting. Starting from this, the use of biodiesel as a successor is an alternative solution. Conversion of diesel fuel for Diesel engines of heavy equipment to the other types, one of them should pay attention to emissions- related environmental pollution and fuel consumption. This research was conducted with the aim to find out the influence of loading engine against exhaust emissions and fuel consumption using diesel fuel and biodiesel B10 on engine Cummins QSK 45 c. Testing performed in the PT. Saptaindra Sejati workshop (SIS) MIA 3, km. 84, Adaro, Tanjung Tabalong, South Kalimantan, while the primary uses test equipment namely dynamometer (dynotest) Taylor DS4010. The results of testing using biodiesel in diesel fuel compared with B10 imposition engine 0 - 100% decline in average levels of nitrogen oxide (NOx) of 88% (g/kW-hr); carbon monoxide (CO) of 88% (g/kW-hr); and hydrocarbons (HC) by 80% (g/kW-hr), while the fuel consumption experienced a decrease in 0 - 7.14%.

Fuel properties of B100 and blends of Terminalia belerica (Roxb.) oil biodiesel synthesised using SrO as a basic heterogeneous catalyst

ABSTRACTTerminalia belerica (Roxb.) seed oil (TBO), a non-edible feedstock with a high oil content of 32.5%, was subjected to transesterification using commercial SrO as a heterogeneous base catalyst in the presence of methanol. For qualitative and quantitative analysis of biodiesel TLC, FTIR and 1H NMR techniques were utilised. From 1H NMR spectra the highest conversion of triglycerides into biodiesel of 97.41% was confirmed. The absence of resonance peaks related to glyceryl content confirms not only good biodiesel conversion but also the purity of biodiesel formed. A simple experimental set-up was designed to evaluate surface tension of B100 biodiesel of TBO. The fuel properties of B100 and different blends such as B10, B20, B40, B60 and B80 were evaluated as per Bureau of Indian Standards and are reported on here. The optimal conditions evaluated are: a 1:12 methanol:oil molar ratio, reaction time 2.0 h, reaction temperature 60 °C, SrO catalyst amount 5.0 wt% and 800 rpm stirring rate.

Experimental Investigation of a Diesel Engine fueled by emulsified B20 biodiesel

The depletion of petroleum reserves and ever growing vehicle population have led to the search for an apt substitute fuel to meet the future requirements satisfying the emission norms as well. Since diesel engines emit gases like nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter to objectionable level which are harmful to the environment, the search becomes much more relevant. Emulsified fuels have been found to be promising in reducing the emissions. Annona methyl ester (AME) biodiesel has already been found to be a promising substitute fuel for diesel. In this study B20 biodiesel of Annona methyl ester (diesel and 20% biodiesel) with water in the ratios of 5% and 7.5% has been utilized as fuel to investigate the engine performance and emission characteristics and the results reported.

Study on effects of Alumina nanoparticles as additive with Poultry litter biodiesel on Performance, Combustion and Emission characteristic of Diesel engine

In the recent research, as a result of depletion of world petroleum reserves, considerable attention has been focused on the use of different alternative fuels in diesel engines. The present work aims to ensure the possibility of using poultry litter oil biodiesel obtained from wastes of poultry industries as an alternative fuel for diesel in a compression ignition engine. In this study, biodiesel is obtained from poultry litter oil by acid and base catalyzed transesterification with methanol when sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide as catalyst. The experimental work is carried out in a CI engine using poultry litter oil B20 biodiesel blend and B20 biodiesel blend with 30mg/l alumina nanoparticles as an additive. The performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of B20 biodiesel blend and alumina added B20 biodiesel are investigated by comparing them with neat diesel. The experimental test results reveal that the combustion and performance characteristics improved with B20 biodiesel blend with and without nanoparticles. Considerable reductions in carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and increase in nitrogen oxide emissions are attained while using B20 biodiesel blend compared with neat diesel. However, there is a significant reduction in CO, UBHC and NOx emissions for B20 biodiesel blend with nanoparticles as an additives compared with B20 biodiesel blend and neat diesel.

On the assessment of autoignition delay for Diesel fuel and Biodiesel B20

The use of bio-fuels is a necessity nowadays, regulated by European legislation, which imposes to the EU-countries an increase in the substitution rate of classic fossil Diesel fuel. Biodiesel (B) fuel proves to be a reliable agent to fulfil this requirement, but a certain number of aspects have to be ameliorated regarding the compatibility of this kind of fuel with the existent compression ignition engines. One of these problems relies on the autoignition delay, on which the research results are still dispersed. The paper proposes an analysis of this autoignition delay when using a compression ignition (CI) engine fuelled with Diesel fuel and with blends of Diesel and Biodiesel fuels (B20 – 20% volumetric fraction of Biodiesel), starting from several correlations given by the literature, which are based on single-cycle analysis and application of the integral Livengood-Wu method. The obtained results offer an image of the in-cylinder processes complexity and of the B20 fuel behaviour related to the tested engine operation.

Performance Emission and Combustion Characteristics of CRDI Engine Operating on Jatropha Curcas Blend With EGR

The present experimental study uses dual cylinder common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine fuelled by Jatropha curcas biodiesel blends produced through Transesterification process along with application of water cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates. Performance, emissions and combustion properties of an engine at constant speed were measured and analysed. The improvement in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) along with reduction in carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC) and smoke opacity were observed for the B20 biodiesel blend with a marginal increase in oxides of nitrogen (NOx). EGR application has reduced the NOx emissions and peak pressure inside the combustion chamber due to lower flame temperature. Combining B20 blend ratio with 15% EGR rate has the potential to achieve ultra-low NOx without affecting other type of diesel engine exhaust emissions by maintaining same efficiency level.

Study of the Effects of Ethanol As an Additive with a Blend of Poultry Litter Biodiesel and Alumina Nanoparticles on a Diesel Engine

AbstractWith the increasing population and rise in industrialization, the demand for petroleum reserves is increasing almost daily. This is causing depletion of the non-renewable energy resources. This work aims to find an alternative fuel for diesel engines. The use of poultry litter oil biodiesel obtained from poultry industry waste, which is a non-edible source for biodiesel, is very encouraging as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. The aim of this study is to observe and maximize the performance of poultry litter oil biodiesel by adding alumina nanoparticles and ethanol. The biodiesel is prepared with acid and the base catalysed transesterification of poultry litter oil with methanol using concentrated sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide as catalysts. The experimentation is carried out on a CI engine with three different blends - B20 biodiesel blend, B20 biodiesel blend with 30 mg/L alumina nanoparticles, and B20 biodiesel blend with 30 mg/L alumina nanoparticles and 15 ml/L ethanol. The performance, combustion and emission characteristics of all three blends are compared with neat diesel. The results of the experiment show that ethanol as an additive improves the combustion and performance characteristics. It increases the brake thermal efficiency and peak cylinder pressure. It also reduces CO and UBHC emissions and there is a marginal increase in NOxemissions as compared to neat diesel.