B20 Biodiesel Research Articles

Waste coconut oil methyl ester with and without additives as an alternative fuel in diesel engine at two different injection pressures

ABSTRACT The performance and emission from diesel engine using biodiesel from waste coconut oil (WCOO) with and without additives is accessed in this article. WCOO biodiesel is produced from coconuts which are not favorable to be consumed by humans due to degradation. B20, B40, B50, and B100 biodiesel blends of WCOO are prepared and performance and emission testing are done. B20 blend of biodiesel is added with 5%, 10%, and 15% of 1-hepatanol and the tests are repeated. Then, B20 is added with 5% of 1-hepatnol, n-butanol, and iso-butanol as additive and separate analysis for each additive in B20 is carried out in similar way. The injection pressure was kept constant at 225 bar throughout these experiments. Later, B20, B40, B50, and B100 blends of WCOO are used separately for engine performance and emission behavior at 175 injection pressure without adding any additive. Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency are the factors analyzed during engine performance analysis and CO, CO2, HC, and NO x exhaust are recorded during emission analysis. From the comparative study, the engine performance of diesel is seen to be better than any other combination of biofuels at both the pressures. Among blends without additive, B20 performed better than other blends, B20 with n-butanol performed better than B20 without additive, while B20 with iso-butanol did not show any significant advantage. At 175 bar injection pressure 7.5% extra BSFC and approximately 16% more emission is obtained than at 225 bar pressure.

Characteristic of Variable Compression Ratio Diesel Engine Operating on Diesel and Biodiesel B20

The limitation of natural resources especially crude oil employed in automotive engine has made an attention to switch over to biodiesel. Biodiesel is known as carbon neutral and produce no carbon dioxide leads to decrease of pollution and potentially improve the engine performance. In this study, an experimental investigation on variable compression ratio diesel engine is observed based on the engine performance using the VCR Engine test setup 1 cylinder, 4 strokes with EGR (computerized). The effect of compression ratio change on the torque, specific fuel consumption (SFC), indicated power, and brake thermal efficiency has been studied using mineral diesel and biodiesel B20. When increasing the compression ratio from 13 to 18, it was found that torque was significantly increased when using biodiesel B20. As the torque increase resulted in higher indicated power. The decreasing of SFC were about 44% and 11% for mineral diesel and biodiesel B20 respectively. Specific fuel consumption was optimum at 0.21 g/kW.h at a compression ratio of 16 using mineral diesel.

ANALISIS UNJUK KERJA MESIN DIESEL DENGAN BAHAN BAKAR CAMPURAN PERTADEX DAN BIODIESEL DARI BIJI KEMIRI

The decline in fuel oil production has led to the development of alternative fuels that are renewable and more environmentally friendly. An alternative fuel that can be developed is biodiesel. In this study aims to develop alternative biodiesel fuels as a substitute for fossil oil fuels that are feasible applied to diesel engines. This study conducted a diesel engine performance test using mixed fuel from pertadex and biodiesel Aleurites Moluccana with a variation of biodiesel mixture B10, B20, and B30. From the test results using a mixture of biodiesel, the ef ective power and torque produced by the engine decreases compared to using pure pertadex. Among the three variations of the biodiesel mixture, the best ef ective power produced by B10 fuel is 277 Watt and the best torque produced by B10 fuel is 1,238 Nm. Specific fuel consumption in all biodiesel blends is increased compared to pure pertadex. Among the three variations of the biodiesel mixture, the best specific fuel consumption produced by B30 fuel is 1197,67 g/kWh. The thermal ef iciency in all biodiesel blends is increased compared to pure pertadex in B20 and B30 blends. Among the three variations of the biodiesel mixture, the best thermal ef iciency produced by B20 fuel is 7,883 %. The opacity of the engine exhaust gas produced in all biodiesel mixes is getting better compared to using pure pertadex. The best opacity of the engine exhaust gas produced in the use of B30 fuel is 2,3% HSU.
 Keywords: Biodiesel, Aleurites Moluccana, Diesel Engine Performance, Opacity

COMBUSTION STUDY OF WASTE COOKING OIL BIODIESEL IN AN OIL BURNER

Depletion of fossil fuels, concerns on environment, and fuel price fluctuation have become the major drives in searching for sustainable alternative fuel. In that regard, a study was conducted to evaluate the combustion performance of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) converted into biodiesel and blended with Conventional Diesel Fuel (CDF) as a mean of sustainable replacement for diesel fuel. In this study, the production of biodiesel fuel from waste cooking oil was done via transesterification process, using the single step approach. The properties of the WCO biodiesel was characterized. The combustion performance of the produced fuels has been studied for B10 and B30 biodiesel from WCO and CDF (as baseline) based on their wall temperature profiles and gaseous emissions generated such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). It was found that the B30 WCO biodiesel emits lower emission compared to CDF but at the same time generates a lower temperature profile.

VIBRATION LEVEL EVALUATION OF ENGINES FUELED WITH BRAZILIAN COMMERCIAL DIESEL AND BIODIESEL

This paper is aimed to analyze vibrations from engines fueled with two different fuels, Brazilian commercial diesel (B8) and Biodiesel (B100). Consumption, level of particulate matter emissions and engine temperature were also analyzed. The experiments were performed considering noninvasive tests in a diesel engine, taking into account three different speeds: 800 rpm, 1800 rpm and 3600 rpm. Results showed that the engine energetic loss from vibration signals collected allowed a quantitative assessment of how each fuel influenced the engine vibration level. In the three analyzed speeds, B8 diesel fuel showed be more energetic when compared to B100 biodiesel fuel. Although the consumption using B100 biodiesel fuel presented higher values than B8, the level of particulate matter emissions was lower than commercial diesel B8. It was also noted that the vibration increased in both cases when the engine speed increased. B8 diesel presented a total vibration varying according to speeds range, from 4.5% to 21% higher than B100 biodiesel. Therefore, the dissipated vibration energy using B8 diesel was higher (10% to 45%) than B100 biodiesel. It is concluded that combustion is one of the item that generates higher level of vibration in diesel engines and it depends on the kind of fuel used.

Effective utilization of tobacco (Nicotiana Tabaccum) for biodiesel production and its application on diesel engine using response surface methodology approach

In modern economic and technology development, crude oil consumption is keep increasing due to the growth of population which leads to a further enhancement in air pollution composition prompting on the importance of innovative cleaner and environmentally viable fuels. Thus the present study concentrates on the utilization of the nicotiana tabaccum as an alternative fuel rather than consumed by humans. The optimization was carried out for nicotiana tabaccum biodiesel mixing, fuel injection pressure, engine loads and fuel injection timing. The test was executed as per the response surface methodology technique to achieve the best engine parameters (BTE, EGT, and Pmax) and HC emissions. The optimum engine parameter set at injection timing of 30°bTDC, injection pressure 24 MPa, and B30 biodiesel mixing at 45% of engine load. Further, experiments were conducted at RSM predicted engine settings to validate predicted engine responses and the responses were found to be in acceptable error limits.

Effect of Heating B20 Biodiesel Fuel to Increase Performance Using Heat Recovery of Cooling Jacket on Diesel Engine

Research related to the effect of fuel temperature on the performance of diesel engines has been carried out using various methods to find the best performance or maximum performance. The objective of this study has been to determine the extent of changes produced by heating fuels including Power, SFOC, BMEP, and Thermal Efficiency. The method of heating fuel in this study is by using heat recovery of a cooling jacket, using a shell and tube heat exchanger. The experiments have been carried out by applying variations in fuel temperature and engine speed, while the engine load is fixed. The results of the analysis have showed that the increase in temperature of B20 biodiesel fuel has affected the characteristics performance of the diesel engine including Power, SFOC, BMEP, and Thermal Efficiency.

The Effect of Heating of B20 Fuel to Combustion Characteristic on the Diesel Engine Based on Experiment

A ccording to Bank Indonesia, the current account deficit of Indonesia. In the second quarter of 2018 increased to USD 8.0 billion. One of the government's programs to reduce the current account deficit is by implementing a B20 biodiesel policy. The increasing percentage of biodiesel in fuel blends tends to decrease the quality of spray atomization, where it indicated by longer droplet breakup, spray penetration, droplet lifetime, and bigger droplet diameter. Higher viscosity causes a decrease in the quality of the spray from the injector. Previous research shows that the inlet temperature of the fuel can make the performance of small diesel engines slightly better. The research was conducted using petrodiesel and biodiesel fuel by varying inlet temperature of 50 o C and 70 o C. Based on that this research is conducted to understand the effect of fuel heating diesel engine combustion process. The result shows that generally maximum pressure is increased for every increase in fuel temperature. The heat release shows a decreasing trend for every increase in fuel temperature. Knock detection shows that generally when the fuel temperature increased the knocking is also increased. The increasing fuel temperature shows little effect on ignition delay except for the higher temperature of 60 o C and 70 o C where the ignition delay is the lowest and closest to that of a dexlite fuel.

In situ Linkage of Fungal and Bacterial Proliferation to Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in B20 Biodiesel Storage Tanks.

Renewable fuels hold great promise for the future yet their susceptibility to biodegradation and subsequent corrosion represents a challenge that needs to be directly assessed. Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that is widely used as a substitute or extender for petroleum diesel and is composed of a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters derived from plant or animal fats. Biodiesel can be blended up to 20% v/v with ultra-low sulfur diesel (i.e., B20) and used interchangeably with diesel engines and infrastructure. The addition of biodiesel, however, has been linked to increased susceptibility to biodegradation. Microorganisms proliferating via degradation of biodiesel blends have been linked to microbiologically influenced corrosion in the laboratory, but not measured directly in storage tanks (i.e., in situ). To measure in situ microbial proliferation, fuel degradation and microbially influenced corrosion, we conducted a yearlong study of B20 storage tanks in operation at two locations, identified the microorganisms associated with fuel fouling, and measured in situ corrosion. The bacterial populations were more diverse than the fungal populations, and largely unique to each location. The bacterial populations included members of the Acetobacteraceae, Clostridiaceae, and Proteobacteria. The abundant Eukaryotes at both locations consisted of the same taxa, including a filamentous fungus within the family Trichocomaceae, not yet widely recognized as a contaminant of petroleum fuels, and the Saccharomycetaceae family of yeasts. Increases in the absolute and relative abundances of the Trichocomaceae were correlated with significant, visible fouling and pitting corrosion. This study identified the relationship between fouling of B20 with increased rates of corrosion and the microorganisms responsible, largely at the bottom of the sampled storage tanks. To our knowledge this is the first in situ study of this scale incorporating community and corrosion measurements in an active biodiesel storage environment.

Corrosion behavior of an Al-Si casting and a sintered Al/Si composite immersed into biodiesel and blends

This investigation is focused on the corrosion evaluation of an as-cast Al-7.5 wt% Si alloy and an Al/7.5 wt% Si composite immersed into distinctive biofuels. Immersions up to ~6000 h into three distinctive fuels are evaluated. A biodiesel B100, a mixture 1:1 between biodiesel and commercial diesel (B50); and mixture among biodiesel, diesel and commercial bioethanol (BDE blend) are considered. A novelty concerns to the adopted manufacturing route for the composite sample preparation is proposed. Commercial pure Al powders and pure Si particles are used. This provides different resulting microstructural arrays and consequently the distinct cathode-to-anode area ratios are also provided. It is found that into all biofuels examined, the Al/Si composite has lower corrosion susceptibility than the as-cast sample. Also, it is also found that the composite sample has a decreased corrosion behavior with increasing the water content. On the other hand, the as-cast sample shows a higher corrosion rate than the as-cast sample.

Effect of Mix waste cooking-oil biodiesel on performance and exhaust emissions of a CRDI engine

In fast-moving world, energy crisis and waste disposal are increasing day by day. To overcome the energy crisis, it is crucial that we consume less energy. The world contains potential resources to meet the demand of energy apart from electricity, highest demand among all sources. Hence to gear up the use of alternative methods from the wastes into an alternate fuel. The transportation is playing a major role in economic growth and globalization, but cause air pollution in all medium. In regard to crisis, biodiesel production from locally available mix waste cooking oil, which can be an major alternative to production of biodiesel apart from food resources. The aim of this paper is to extract the biodiesel from mix waste cooking oil using conventional methods and study the performance of B20 biodiesel blends with respect to best fuel injection time (IT), Injection opening pressure (IOP) and number opening holes in injector using common rail direct injection engine (CRDI). The experimental studies showed that waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME) at 27 deg before top dead centre and IOP 240 bar, B20 blend gives better results and 5 holes 0.3 mm injector nozzle give 31.7% Brake thermal efficiency, 37 HSU smoke, 37 ppm Hydrocarbon, 0.115% carbon monoxide of volume and reduce in 2% of nitrogen dioxide without any modification of engine.

Evaluation of performance and emission characeristics of heterotrophic chlorella protothecoides microalgae biodiesel and its blends with diesel in a direct injection diesel engine.

At present research in biofuels for internal combustion engines received a lot of attention because the fossil fuels are depleting in nature and also due to their exhaust emissions they imposing threats like global warming, acid rain etc on environment. The use of biofuels derived from plant biomass in internal combustion engines can reduce the global warming and other hazards on environment, but the difficulty associated with these fuels is the feed stocks, fertile land requirement for their growth resulting in shortage of fertile land for cultivating food crops. So algae are the best alternative promising biofuel resourc energy. Particularly microalgae are most reliable source of biofuel because they are non edible, and they does not require fertile land for their growth. Hence, Accordingly, in this research work Heterotrophic chlorella prothecoides microalgae biodiesel, diesel and their blends are tested with a DI diesel engine to study the performance and emission characteristics. The experimental study shown that, compared to Petroleum diesel the Heterotrophic chlorella protothecoides microalgae biodiesel produces lesser emissions. Heterotrophic chlorella protothecoides microalgae biodiesel B100 shown a reduction of 2.85,2.89, 3.15, 20, 4.67 and 13.54 % in, torque, brake power, brake thermal efficiency, CO, CO2 and NOx, respectively and an increase of 11.81 and 15.96 % in O2 and bsfc, respectively compared to petroleum diesel.

Theorical and experimental evaluation of CO2 emissions from commercial diesel B10 AND biodiesel B100

Introduction: This article is a product of the research “Theoretical and experimental evaluation of CO2emissions from commercial diesel B10 and biodiesel B100”, developed at the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia and the Universidad Mariana of Pasto, in the years 2018 and 2019.
 Problem: The use of fossil diesel B10 and biodiesel B100 in engines creates CO2emissions and it is necessary to quantify them.
 Objective: To quantize the CO2emissions from the exhaust of an engine, using B10 and B100 fuels.
 Methodology: The motor of an electric power plant was subjected to three power settings. Two factors were taken into account: the type of diesel and power generated, and the effect on the CO2emissions.
 Results: CO2inventories and emissions are higher with B10, although this is not always the case. They are also higher when more power is generated.
 Conclusion: The higher CO2emission does not depend on the type of fuel, but on the chemical composition of the fuel.
 Originality: In the world they are made CO2inventories, these are usually done theoretically; however, with this research, actual measurements were made.
 Limitations: For reasons of noise and smoke hazards, the experiment was done in an open space. This would have caused slight errors in the results, due to abrupt changes in the climate and variability in the weighing of the fuel.

Korelasi Propertis Biodiesel Terhadap Emisi Gas Buang dan Performa Mesin Diesel

Biodiesel is a priority program to reduce dependence on diesel fuel. B20 biodiesel is proven to be used as fuel without modifying diesel engine specifications. The development of biodiesel with a higher percentage of palm oil need to be developed continuously, therefore dependence on diesel fuel is lower. However, the high viscosity of biodiesel becomes an obstacle, so alcohol is added to reduce problems in the fuel injection process. This research aims to observe the biodiesel properties of a solar-palm cooking oil-methanol/ethanol/butane mixture which is correlated with the potential exhaust emissions and performance produced by a diesel engine. Palm cooking oil used is 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 85%, while methanol/ ethanol/ butane alcohol used is 15%. Based on the results of physical and chemical tests, the higher the content of palm cooking oil means the worse the biodiesel properties will be. Biodiesel blended of palm-methanol solar-cooking oil has the potential of the same exhaust emissions and engine performance as diesel fuel.

Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using waste avocado biodiesel with manganese-doped alumina nanoparticles

Biodiesel is considered as an alternative for diesel as it is renewable and biodegradable. Various feedstocks are available for biodiesel production; however the compositions of each biodiesel vary, which affect the engine performance and emission characteristics. Studies have shown that fuel-borne nanoparticle additives with biodiesel are found to improve engine performance. In the present work, experimental investigations were conducted on a single-cylinder constant speed diesel engine using waste avocado biodiesel with manganese-doped alumina nanoparticles as a fuel additive. Four different biodiesel blends were used to assess the performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of the test engine. Diesel is used as the reference fuel. With diesel, 20% biodiesel was blended and 30, 60, 90 ppm nanoparticles were added to the biodiesel blend. The entire tests were conducted at the rated power of the engine at 4.5 kW. Results showed a 5.7% increase in brake thermal efficiency, a reduction of 12.1% in brake-specific fuel consumption and a reduction of carbon monoxide by 8.5%, unburnt hydrocarbons by 23.2%, oxides of nitrogen by 6.5% and smoke by 20.5% with the addition of nanoparticles with 90 ppm concentration in the B20 biodiesel blend.

Performance and emissions characteristics of DI diesel engine using biodiesel blend with different injection pressures

This research work investigated the performance and emission behaviors of diesel engine operated with the Neem oil methyl ester (NOME) with different injection pressures such as 200 bar, 225 bar, 250 bar. The engine test was conducted to study the performance and emissions behaviors of diesel engine using B20 biodiesel blend with different injection pressures. The performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature and emission parameters such as carbon monoxide, hydro carbon oxides of nitrogen emissions and smoke opacity were measured and analyzed and the results were compared with diesel and biodiesel blend at the original injection pressure of 200 bar. The results showed that BTE of B20 at 225 bar is comparable with diesel fuel and B20 at 200 bar and the exhaust emissions were decreased with 225 bar drastically when compared to 200 bar and 250 bar at full load.

Combustion analysis of single-cylinder CI engine fueled with S. Marginatum Macro algae biofuel - diesel blends

The current investigation of the work managed the overall performance attributes of a CI engine dealing with S. Marginatum macroalgae biodiesel diesel blends. The physical and chemical features of biodiesel diesel blends had been powered and compared to ASTM D6751. These types of mixes had been used for the testing on diesel engine at the different load that's low high and part load in a fixed rotational of 1500 rpm. It had been observed that biodiesel B20 blend perform more effective combustion at high load as well as part load in comparison of lower load condition.

Performance analysis of diesel engine fueled with S. marginatum Macro algae biofuel - diesel blends

The current investigation of the work managed the overall performance attributes of a CI engine dealing with S. Marginatum macroalgae biodiesel diesel blends. The physical and chemical features of biodiesel diesel blends had been powered and compared to ASTM D6751. These types of mixes had been used for the testing on diesel engine at the different load that's low high and part load in a fixed rotational of 1500 rpm. It had been observed that biodiesel B20 blend perform more effective combustion at high load as well as part load in comparison of lower load condition.

Emission analysis of CI engine fueled with S. Marginatum macro algae biofuel – diesel blends

The current investigation of the work managed the overall performance attributes of a CI engine dealing with S. Marginatumbiodiesel (SMME) diesel blends. The physical and chemical features of biodiesel diesel blends had been powered and compared to ASTM D6751. These types of mixes had been used for the testing on diesel engine at the different load that's low high and part load in a fixed rotational of 1500 rpm. It had been observed that biodiesel B20 blend perform more effective combustion at high load as well as part load in comparison of lower load condition. A significant decrease in fumes pollutants (excluding NOx) have been found at high load, as much as 20% blending of SMME in diesel. The 20%blending of SMME is often utilized in anengine to achieve greater thermal performance with a penalty of increased NOx emissions.

Biodiesel oil pool fire under air crossflow conditions: Burning rate, flame geometric parameters and temperatures

The replacement of fossil fuels with renewable ones is an irreversible worldwide trend. More specifically, biodiesel made either from animal fat residue or vegetable oil is being increasingly used. Biodiesel storage tanks are as prone to hazardous fires as other fuel tanks. In this article we present the results of an experimental investigation of biodiesel B100 pool fires in reduced scale submitted to an air crossflow. Regular and infrared images were used to obtain flame geometric parameters and temperature fields for conditions ranging from quiescent air to crossflow velocities of up to 4.0 m/s. Mass burning rates were also obtained for the same air flow conditions. Results were compared with a previous study of regular diesel pool fires conducted with the same experimental apparatus and correlations from literature. It was shown that, compared to diesel fires, biodiesel fires presented longer flames and higher temperatures both in the flame and plume regions as well as downstream of the pool. This indicates that biodiesel storage devices are likely more prone to dangerous fire events than diesel ones.