Azerbaijani Language Research Articles

PROBLEMS ARISING DURING THE TRANSLATION OF PREDICATES IN DIALOGUE SENTENCES IN FICTION

The article deals with the translation of different types of sentences according to its intonation and problems occurring in this process. The importance of appropriate translation from English into Azerbaijani language is justified here.

ABOUT THE SYNTACTIC CONSTRUCTIONS AND FEATURES OF THE APHORISMS USED IN AZERBAIJAN LANGUAGE

The purpose of the article is to study the syntactic features of the aphorisms of the Azerbaijani language through the definition of the concept of syntactic constructions in the Azerbaijani aphorisms. Simple and complex sentences involved in the formation of aphorisms are studied using specific examples. Literary texts in the Azerbaijani language have been selected as a research method, the concept has been formed on the basis of an analysis of scientific and theoretical approaches and ideas regarding aphorisms in modern linguistics. It is determined that in the formation of aphorisms, various forms are active, which are included in the concept of syntactic construction. Syntactic constructions are formed mainly on the basis of phrases and types of sentences and their relationships. Their diversity also enriches the aphorisms of the given language. It has been revealed that syntactic constructions are simple and complex sentences and phrases. Analysis of aphorisms allows one to determine both sentences and phrases. The study of the syntactic features of Azerbaijani aphorisms is very important from the point of view of determining the ways of language development. It has been proven that the main sources for the formation and enrichment of aphorisms are certain types of sentences. The study has yielded a number of interesting scientific results. The structural analysis of Azerbaijani aphorisms has revealed the problem of using metaphors. The metaphorization of being is a property of the human mind, which is always prone to imagery, and is one of the most important and necessary categories of language. Literary language is a figurative language where the word is not limited to the expression of thought and is actively used in the figurative description of objective reality. Here the word acts as a means of creating an image in the literary language, giving a subjective assessment of the ongoing processes, expressing subtle and deep feelings, forming the reader�s aesthetic taste, as well as emotionally influencing him. One of the meanings of each polysemantic word is real, and the rest are derivatives, secondary or figurative. For example, if we think of the word �cold� in the expression �cold wind� as a word with a real meaning, then it is clear that the word �cold� with the same content in the combinations �cold attitude� or �cold gaze� has a more figurative meaning ...

Spatial functional-semantic field in the English and the Azerbaijani languages

Spatial functional-semantic field in the English and the Azerbaijani languages

Formation of the Concept of “Azerbaijani Language”

Formation of the Concept of “Azerbaijani Language”

Azərbaycan dilində gender münasibətini ifadə edən frazeoloji vahidlərin struktur-qrammatik xüsusiyyətləri

The grammatical structure of phraseological combinations in Azerbai- jani language is one of the topics that were not investigated. Although many linguists have focused on this topic, this area has not been developed in Azerbaijani. In this study, the phraseological units were collected from both languages, their structure was studied and the most used ones were noted. The main tools that play the role of gender markers are anthropometric lexemes, and according to this the units containing noun predominate in the compounds. There are many units belonging to the verb compounds, and these compounds are divided into subgroups. At the end of the study, we observe that there are enough gender-marked combinations of the Azerbaijani language.

Phytonymic Phraseology and Linguocultural Features of Paremiological Units

The article comparatively examines phytonomic phraseology, forming a branch of onomastic phraseology of English and Azerbaijani languages. Internal classification of onomastic phraseology is provided for this purpose and the criteria for designation of phytonymic phraseology are determined. Such a system of markers embraces lexical units that are more or less connected with the plant world, as well as words denoting the species of plants. Phytonymic phraseologies were selected from relevant lexicographic sources and grouped on the basis of materials of Azerbaijani and English languages. The research shows that phytonymic phraseology forms an independent group in the onomastic phraseology of each language. The characteristics of the development of phytonomic phraseology by species and type names were studied and high frequency of some species’ names in phytonomic phraseology was found out. The article also addresses the issues over adequacy and equivalence of phytonomic phraseology of diferent-system languages. The study in this area indicates considerable role of phytonomic phraseology in the verbalization of national-cultural indicators. Direct connection of ethnocultural marker and the code with the onym used in the composition were clarified in phytonomic phraseology.

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The main purpose of this article is to consider the conceptual approach of the patriotic attitude to the historical roots and individuality of nations in works of fiction on historical themes by outstanding writers who lived in different countries in the same century. In their works, Mary Stewart and Aziza Jafarzade wrote about the historical environment, human relations, religion, the struggle for their beliefs, and other issues. One thing that unites writers is that their appeals to historical works coincide with their age of wisdom. Writers created their works, feeling the spirit of the historical realities of their countries, and skillfully used the artistic imagination to depict events of the long past. This article mainly compared Mary Steward�s �Arthur pentalogy� and Aziza Jafarzade�s �Baku-1501� historical novel and �Hun Mountain� story. The real historical person living in the 16th century AD. Shah Ismail Khatai is the protagonist of �Baku-1501� written by Aziza Jafarzade. Shah Ismail�s name is connected with the flourishing of the Azerbaijani language as both poetry and a diplomatic language. He has a special place in our history and his name is written with golden letters in the history of Azerbaijan. Of course, the appeal to this period is a manifestation of love for Azerbaijan. The same motive is clearly seen in Mary Stewart�s �Arthur pentalogy�. The love for her country aroused interest in the historical subject. Thanks to the legendary king Arthur writer decodes the real identity of the nation. The heroes of these two novels struggle for their convictions and during their reign, they become masters of the ruling. Although the exact period is not indicated in the story about the Turkic-speaking tribe �Hun Mountain�, it is possible to define the era based on historical realities. The Huns� migration to Azerbaijan falls approximately to the 4th century AD. At the same time, Aziza Jafarzade makes special stresses in the story of �Hun Mountain� to our ancient Turkish words. The period of �Arthur pentalogy� is the 5-6th centuries AD. The parallels between Mary Stewart�s pentalogy and Aziza Jafarzade�s �Hun Mountain� are that they describe the far periods of our age and the main feature of that period is that the elements of legendary motifs are inevitable.

VECTORS AND KEY FACTORS OF THE DYNAMICS OF LANGUAGES IN THE SECONDARY EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN IN 1990-2020

This article analyses the dynamics of the language policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the field of general secondary education from the moment when the country gained independence down to our days. It also considers the questions of strategies in the choice of languages of teaching and languages learned as a discipline. The study shows that this choice is due to a number of factors of the geopolitical, economic, social, cultural and religious origin. It also demonstrates the growth of the role and influence of the Azerbaijani language and its transformation into the dominant language in the field of school education. Three periods are distinguished in the dynamics of the functions of the Azerbaijani language: the first period refers to the first years of independence and is characterized to a greater extent by symbolic decisions in the spirit of national romanticism. The second period (the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries), pragmatic, was aimed at strengthening the state independence of the Republic and its unity. We focus here on the issues of language policy. The third period began in the 2010s and is characterized by enhanced measures aimed at both corpus and status planning. Here, the main efforts were focused on language planning. The paper investigates the status and functions of the Russian language, the former “language of interethnic communication” of the peoples of the USSR, which, in fact, was the state language on the territory of the USSR. In this paper we discuss the place of the languages of national (ethnic minorities) in the education system of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Some specific aspects of sports terminology

Azerbaijan has hosted prestigious international competitions in various sports. Sports terminology intensively enters the Azerbaijani language. This process is going so rapidly that the terms borrowed from other languages are used in their original forms, sometimes not professionally assimilated and presented to mass use. Thus, sports terminology is to be an object of thorough study, systematization and classification.

Strategies to Overcome Translation Losses in the Novel “The Grapes of Wrath” by John Steinbeck to Achieve Adequacy in Translation

The current article involves the issues of losses, gains, or survivals contributing to literature in the process of translation. It represents a thorough study based on the novel “The Grapes of Wrath” by John Steinbeck from English and, respectively, its translation into Azerbaijani by Ulfet Kurchayli. It investigates the problematic areas or challenges emerging from the source-text discrepancies. Furthermore, this article also concentrates on the issue of cultural non-equivalence or the losses occurring in translating English literary texts into Azerbaijani. The paper identifies the translation techniques adopted by the translator of John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath. Adopting certain techniques rather than others has led to many losses on different levels. The translator’s important role as a cultural insider is also emphasized. The wide gap, distance, or the differences between the cultures, languages, and thought patterns of the English and Azerbaijani language speakers are the main factors resulting in various losses in the process of translation. Coping with these extra-linguistic constraints is harder than the linguistic ones as the translator has no choice in the given situations, deleting these elements from the TT or replacing them with elements that do not fit the context. This article aims at determining translation losses and gains, defining ways that the translator employs for compensating losses, through the analysis of John Steinbeck’s style in The Grapes of Wrath. The article concludes that there are some situations where the translation of a certain text from the SL into the TL embraces alteration in the whole informational content of the text, in the form of expressions or words.

Language Choice in Azerbaijani Context: A Sociolinguistic perspective

This study deals with the issue of language choice from sociolinguistic perspectives. The problem of multilingualism and plurilingualism in sociolinguistics occupies a special field for the study and evokes the interest of most linguists. The goal of the research was to investigate language choice from sociolinguistic perspectives. This experimental work was carried out to verify the right choice of language (English, Russian, and Azerbaijani) and to identify its effectiveness, the data were processed and interpreted based on analysis. Special attention was paid to the multilingualism / plurilingualism issues and multilingualism in Azerbaijan separately. This paper presents the results of the quantitative method for sociolinguistic research in language. It was based on the interviews that were conducted among parents in order to learn their tendency to bring up their children in a multilingual society. Thus, parents were interviewed in different schools with Russian, Azerbaijani and English mediums of instruction; a school with Azerbaijani medium of instruction named as “Zangi” lyceum, a school with Russian medium named as “N_12”, a school with English medium called as “Baku-Oxford School”. This paper is an in-depth, multidimensional study of such choices in language. The results of the data analysis affirm a solid status of English as an international language in Azerbaijan and emphasize an undeniable position of the Azerbaijani language as well.

ŞAGİRD NİTQİNİN İNKİŞAF ETDİRİLMƏSİ YOLLARI

Speech is not only directly involved in the creation of human mental activity, but also forms its basis. Students also acquire knowledge of foreign objects and events by mastering perfect speech. Schooling has a special role to play in increasing students' opportunities and resources for speech development. The concept of speech development should be implemented in four directions: 1. To enrich the vocabulary of students; 2. To develop the habits of students; 3. To develop students' communication skills; 4. To develop students' reading skills. The model of the teacher plays an important role in the development of students' speech. In Azerbaijani language and literature classes, the teacher's speech (expressive reading, narration, report, speech, dialogue, etc.) has a strong impact on students. Orthoepic requirements must be taken into account during speech development. These requirements bring naturalness, fluidity, vitality to speech, enhance its aesthetic effect and help to easily grasp the idea. The main unit of speech is considered to be the sentence. Therefore, it is important to pay special attention to the development of students' skills of correct sentence construction. Sentence-building skills are practiced from the first grade, and these skills are developed and strengthened as students move from class to class. Key words: speech, speech development, training, speech culture, vocabulary work, phonetic norm, sentence

THE SEMANTIC CHANGES IN THE VOCABULARY(ON THE BASIS OF THE RUSSIAN AND AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGES)

The article deals with the analysis of the semantic changes in the vocabularies of the Russian and Azerbaijani languages caused by the influence of the different factors. Semantic archaisms are systematized according their belonging to the concrete part of speech (nouns, adjectives, verbs) and given in the appropriate tables. The reasons of the semantic changes during the historical development of the language are explained. Some Russian semantic archaisms are still used in the other Slavic languages (Ukrainian, Polish, Serbian). The historical excursus is carried out in the article, as necessary. So though the meanings of the Russian and Azerbaijani words considered in the article are archaic they are preserved in the structure of the modern words and might be relevant to the specific fields. They are used as terms in the different fields of science, they are preserved in the dialects, folklore. They are also important components of idioms, proverbs, sayings as they are relics of the past retained in the modern Russian and Azerbaijani languages. They have their own characteristics that makes them unique lexical items. Research of such semantic changes caused by the different factors is very interesting and significance both from the linguistic and historical standpoints.

İNGİLİSDİLLİ QƏZETLƏRİN TƏRCÜMƏ XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ

The English newspaper history is one of the stages of the world's press history, and its origins go back centuries ago. Today, the tendency to media outlets, newspapers, magazines, television, etc. and great interest to "new media" (Internet, social media, etc.) by many of us is just one of the innovations that the internet brings with itself, and no doubt today's modern media are the next stage of the development of traditional media. English newspaper style may be defined as a system of interrelated lexical, phraseological and grammatical means that basically serves the purpose of informing and instructing the reader. It causes difficulties in the study and investigation of the English language, which is the language of mass media.It is important to focus on many details and differences when translating media samples into other languages (including the Azerbaijani language) published in many countries around the world. Only being aware of numerous details and peculiarities, which characterize a newspaper style, a translator will succeed to do a correct and adequate translation. Moreover, a translator must have not only a sound command of English, but also sense of language to cope with different kinds of problems he/ she faces during translation. Thus, the translation features of the English newspapers are being studied by worldwide linguists, researchers and translators. In this research we will review some sources of English newspapers and investigate grammatical, lexical, stylistic and phraseological difficulties of translation of English newspapers. Key words: newspaper style, translation features, mass media

Дифтонгизация в диалектных группах северного говора азербайджанского языка по сравнению с кыпчакскими языками

The article tells about the dialectal group’s diphthongization in the northern dialect of the Azerbaijani language. Also here there is a speech about how the emergence of diphthongs, a comparison between diphthongization dialects of Turkish and Kipchak languages and the author concludes that because of the strong influence of the Kipchak language elements in the regions diphthongization dialects of these regions is very similar to the phenomenon that takes place in the Kipchak language.

INTEGRATIVE TEACHING OF SYNTAX AND MORPHOLOGY

The article considers integrative teaching of syntax and morphology. It follows that integration is one of the basic principles of education reform and creates favorable conditions for the transfer of generalized knowledge in the context of natural relations. The meaning of the word "integration" (lat. Integratio-integer) is a restoration, a termination. Overall, integration increases the intensity and effectiveness of training and makes the training process interesting. Interdisciplinary integration includes in itself the coordination of relevant content and activities at the expense of internal capabilities of the subject. Syntax in the teaching of the Azerbaijani language should be based on the fact that the sentence, which is a unit of syntax, is not only a means of communication, but also plays an important role in the development and formation of thought. As in any other area of the language, the influence of morphology on the formation of communication and thinking is possible only on a syntactic basis. There fore, the teaching of morphological categories must be directly related to the syntax and its role in speech.

ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ НЕКОТОРЫХ НЕПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНЫХ СУФФИКСОВ РУССКОЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Morphologically, word creation has an ancient history. Among the branch morphemes involved in this process, along with national suffixes, suffixes of derivative origin also develop. However, the use of suffixes in the Azerbaijani language appeared in connection with the relatively later development of the history of the language. Among such suffixes, they have a special role in suffixes of Russian-European origin, and are mainly used in conjunction with words of derived origin. The development of some of these forms in the Azerbaijani language dates back to the early twentieth century. Postpositive elements of Russian-European origin, used as suffixes in the Azerbaijani language, are not in harmony, they are written in the same way, phono variants are non-existent. Moreover, branch morphemes belonging to this group do not have the ability to form verbs. Thus, all the postpositive elements of the suffix character found in the Azerbaijani literary language have the ability to form nouns, or rather, nouns and adjectives. In this regard, the words formed by these morphemes have a special weight in terms of studying the lexical structure of the Azerbaijani language, especially the types of lexical meanings of nouns and adjectives.

Interlanguage interference of the Azerbaijani and Turkish languages: ways to address the problem (linguistic approach & teaching practice)

One of the core aspects the methodology of teaching foreign languages focuses on is the issue of interlanguage interference. In this paper it is referred to as some kind of a controversy between the primary and secondary linguistic personalities at the early stages of the latter. This is explained by the dominant nature of the native language compared to the foreign one and is represented:• at the formal level by the mechanical transfer of a certain form of the original native language from one of its levels – phonetic, lexical or grammatical, or• at the associative level of meanings and concepts – while constructing speech in a foreign language, one trensfers the association from the native one; this association is foregrounded within the framework of specific speech conceptual and semantic connections and is relevant for the native language, but senseless for the foreign one.As a rule, calquing results in consequences of different semantic complexity – from blocking a certain speech fragment in a foreign language due to its complete meaninglessness, to inaccuracy and semantic distortion.Interlanguage interference manifests itself differently in different language pairs. For a research it is important to understand how languages of the corresponding pair relate to each other – whether languages are completely different genealogically and typologically; or matching either genealogically or typologically; or closely related both genealogically and typologically. The aim of the paper is to study the interference in a pair of closely related languages: Azerbaijani & Turkish, where the former is native and the latter is foreign. This is a special case for study, since the significant similarity of the two languages, though providing many positive results, gives an absolutely specific type of interference. İt requires a detailed analysis in order to overcome the negative impact of the mother tongue on a foreign language in the process of foreign language acquisition.

Place of Causativity in the Language System of the Azerbaijani and English languages

“The English-Azerbaijani Dictionary” gives the following definitions for the words “causative” and “causation” in Azerbaijani: 1) Səbəbiyyət (act of causing); 2) Səbəblik (causation); 3) Hadisələr arasında səbəb əlaqəsi (causative relations among the events) [The English-Azerbaijani Dictionary, 2003]. Thus, by causativity or causation the linguistics mean the relations of cause and consequence. The category of cause and consequence has been attracting the attention of philosophers, textual critics and linguists since the antiquity. Bunge, who studied this category particularly, notes that the category of causation functions as a special type of mutual actions or mutual interdependence. The relation of cause and consequence as a philosophical category complete each other. As the human language reflects the realities, the relation of cause plays an important role as the category of time in the syntax of the sentence (Bunge, 1962).

THE PHONOSEMANTIC RESEARCH OF AZERBAIJANI AND TURKISH IN THE ASPECT OF LITERARY LANGUAGE AND DIALECT


 
 
 Discovering and categorizing phonetic, morphological and lexical units related to different languages in any language, studying the factors and forms of language connections are still among trending issues nowadays. Special importance has been attached on dialect lexicon of languages, historical-comparative study of literary language and finding out various language elements in the paper. Some researchers support that as Turkic peoples have been formed as independent or semi-independent nations completing ethnosocial differentiation process since the late Middle Ages, their languages differ from one another to some extent. The emergence of different Turkic states has led to the appearance of common and various features in the peoples and their languages who experienced public-political differentiation. In this case if the existing analogical features are proof for the closeness of these languages, distinct features are indeed the confirmation of peculiar development direction of each language. The research work provides some vision about common and distinctive features of the Azerbaijani language dialects and the Turkish language. The characteristics of languages’ mutual influence are reflected in language material.