Flora Of Azerbaijan Research Articles

Current State of Wild Pistacia lentiscus in Azerbaijan

Information is provided on Pistacia lentiscus L. belonging to natural forest vegetation, Anacardiaceae family, Pistacia genus. Information is given on the modern status and importance of Pistacia lentiscus L., which is one of the wild tree species in the flora of Azerbaijan. Due to its resin content, the Pistacia lentiscus is a valuable plant that is resistant to pests and used in various fields. The Pistacia lentiscus is a long-lived tree that coexists with other forest plants.

Psephellus paucilobus (Asteraceae), a new species to the flora of Azerbaijan

Psephellus paucilobus (Asteraceae), a new species to the flora of Azerbaijan, was discovered in the eastern part of the Greater Caucasus (within the Republic of Azerbaijan), in the Guba district, in the vicinity of Girizdahna village, in herbaceous communities of the subalpine belt. A brief description of the phytocoenoses with the discovered species is provided. The issues of the distribution of the genus Psephellus representatives in the Caucasus are briefly touched upon. The article confirms that P. paucilobus is an endemic species of the Caucasus.

Species of the OnobrychisGenus as Promising Species of Azerbaijan Flora

One of the tasks of pharmacy is to find affordable raw materials for herbal medicines. The studies were conducted in Azerbaijan. The results of the studies indicate that Onobrychis species are a rich source of β-arbutin. Arbutin (4-hydroxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside), a monoglycoside form of hydroxyquinone, has been used in the field of cosmetology for several decades due to its effectiveness in the treatment of hyperpigmentation and removal of freckles. Onobrychis species are of significant ecological and economic importance, and also demonstrate intriguing therapeutic properties that have attracted attention in the field of medicine. The presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenols, which are known for their antioxidant properties, is another noteworthy aspect. Antioxidants play a crucial role in neutralizing harmful free radicals in the body, which are involved in a wide range of diseases and the aging process. Onobrychis has anti-inflammatory properties. It is well known that inflammation is a common factor in many chronic diseases. Plants have antimicrobial, immunostimulating, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, gastrointestinal tract normalizing and vascular wall strengthening properties. The study of Onobrychis opens up potential prospects in the field of creating natural products.

INFLUENCE OF A COMPLEX ANTI-TOXICANT FROM THE FLO-RA OF AZERBAIJAN ON HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS DURING NICKEL IN-TOXICATION IN CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Purpose of the study: The effect of an antitoxicant from the flora of Azerbaijan on hemato-logical parameters during nickel intoxication against the background of experimental atheroscle-rosis was studied. Materials and methods: The studies were conducted on male rats, which, after modeling atherosclerosis, were exposed to nickel through drinking water for 60 days at a dose of 2 mg/kg. In the experimental group, after poisoning against the background of experimental atherosclero-sis, rats received an antitoxicant, which was added to drinking water at a dose of 8 mg/kg for a month. The obtained results: The results of the study showed that after nickel intoxication against the background of experimental atherosclerosis, there was a decrease in the number of most blood elements: mainly granulocytes, hemoglobin and the average hemoglobin content in eryth-rocytes. Only the platelet count continued to increase during all periods of the study. After using the herbal antitoxicant were detected an increase in the level of hemoglobin, the average hemo-globin content in erythrocytes and a decrease in platelet content. Results: The obtained data indicate the corrective effect of this plant complex on hematolog-ical disorders and the feasibility of its testing in the clinic of chronic nickel poisoning.

THYMUS GROSSHEİMİ RONN. STUDY OF PHENOLİC COMPOUNDS OF RAW MATERİALS

Purpose of the research work. This is a study of the phenolic content of raw materials of T.grossheimii , which is widespread in the flora of Azerbaijan. Material and methods. T.grossheimii raw materials used for research purposes were collected on the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan during the flowering phase of the plant in 2022. The composition of phenolic compounds of raw materials was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results have been received. The optimal chromatographic conditions for the analysis of the phenolic content of T.grossheimii raw materials using high-performance liquid chromatography were determined as follows: brand C-18 (Discovery), chromatographic column measuring 4.6x250 nm; Mobile phase: acetonitrile-water-orthophosphoric acid (40:60:0.5); Mobile phase speed - 0.9 ml/min; Thermostat temperature 25°C; injection volume of the test sample – 3 µl; analysis time - 50 minutes. As a result, 16 substances related to phenolic compounds were identified in the raw materials. The main components of the raw material are fumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, ferulic acid and quercetin. Conclusion. Thus, T. grossheimii raw material was found to be rich in phenolic compounds, which shows the promise of extensive pharmacochemical studies of the raw material.

Elemental Analysis of Onobrychis buhseana Bunge Ex Boiss and Onobrychis bobrovi Grossh Species by ICP-MS

The element composition of the underground and surface parts of Onobrychis buhseana and Onobrychis bobrovi, which are distributed in the flora of Azerbaijan, was studied by an ICP-MS device, and the amount of 26 elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Ag, Cd, Sn, Ba, Ce, Tl, and Pb) in the raw material was determined in ppm. The composition of raw materials is dominated by some macroelements (calcium, potassium, and magnesium), microelements (iron and zinc), and ultramicroelements (selenium, cobalt, and chromium). Some of the most frequent harmful trace elements, such as As and Cd, were discovered at extremely low concentrations.

Taxonomic Analysis of the Cirsium Mill. Genus in Flora of Azerbaijan

The main goal was a systematic analysis of the Cirsium Mill. genus (Asteraceae) in flora of Azerbaijan. Floristic-systematic, comparatively morphological, ecological and other methods were used. In addition, materials stored in the Herbarium Fund of the Botanical Institute of Ministry of Science and Education, Republic of Azerbaijan were studied related to this genus. As a result of the research, it was established that 31 species of the genus Cirsium Mill. are widespread in the flora of Azerbaijan.

Life Forms and Architectural Models of Some Species of Campanula Subgenus (Campanula L., Campanulaceae)

Campanula L. is the largest genus of Campanulaceae family and comprises about 400 (as well as 110 species in Caucasus and 46 species in Azerbaijan flora) herbaceous perennial, sometimes annual and biennial monocarp species distributed in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. Most of Campanula species are cosmopolitan. The species of this genus have long been used in the national economy, primarily as decorative plants, but also as pollinator, melliferous, food and medicinal plants. The genus Campanula L. yet does not have a modern taxonomic classification, although many species are of high horticultural value, and many are rare and endangered. The only monograph was published by A. de Candolle (1830). The final systematic composition of the genus was given in Flora of the Caucasus by M. E. Oganesian and V. V. Shvanova (2008). Representatives of this genus grows in various environmental conditions: forests, meadows, rocks and rarely in deserts and semi — deserts. Most of them are numerous and varied in high mountains, in the subalpine and alpine belts.

Research Achillea Arabica kotchy in the flora of Azerbaijan

Research Achillea Arabica kotchy in the flora of Azerbaijan

General characteristics of some fruit plants included in the flora of Azerbaijan and their mycobiota

General characteristics of some fruit plants included in the flora of Azerbaijan and their mycobiota

Study of Species of Campanula L. Subgenus Found in Karabakh and Zangezur Flora

Karabakh and Zangezur are the south-eastern end of the Lesser Caucasus, and they are distinguished by their climate and landscape diversity with a rich in vegetation. Analysis of literature and herbarium specimens collected in this region is an invaluable source for a comprehensive assessment of the state of the ecosystems of Karabakh and Zangezur over the past 30 years.This is the purpose of the study of the genus Campanula which is widespread in the northern hemisphere and is of special importance for the flora of the Caucasus. According to literature, 110 species of this genus are found in the Caucasus, and 46 — in Azerbaijan. The history of the study of the genus, its geographical distribution, as well as the taxa found in the flora of Karabakh and Zangezur were compared, and the herbarium data stored in the BAK were analyzed. It was found that the subgenus Campanula L., which is the richest of the subgenus in terms of the number of species of the genus, includes 11 sections. And 18 taxa belonging to 7 sections are found in the flora of Azerbaijan, 11 taxa of which are found in the flora of Karabakh and Zangezur. During the examination of herbarium specimens of the genus Campanula L. stored in the BAK, it was found that 20 herbarium specimens belonging to 5 species were collected from Karabakh region.

Chorological Analysis of Species of SedumL. Genus Distributed in the Lesser Caucasus

The Sedum L. genus is represented by 22 species in the Azerbaijan flora. According to the system of N. N. Portenier, 14 species distributed in the Lesser Caucasus were chorologically analyzed and their geographical elements were determined.

Bioecological Characteristics of Species of the Hypericum L. Genus in Flora of Azerbaijan

The Republic of Azerbaijan with a rich biodiversity occupies a special place in the Caucasus region. There are about 5000 higher plant species in the country (belonging to 1142 genera), which makes up 66% of the total number of plant species growing in the Caucasus. Among the widespread plant species in this rich nature, the Hypericum genus which belongs to the Hypericaceae family takes special place. Although the vast majority of species belonging to the Hypericaceae family are perennial, annual grass, shrub (47%), among them are semi-shrubs and, in rare cases, low trees (H. bequaertii De Wild., H. revolutum Vahl, H. canariense L. (5%) and aquatic (H. elodes L.) plants. Hypericum genus, which has about 500 species, 70 subspecies, 3 varieties and 11 hybrids in the world are represented by 19 species, 1 subspecies and 1 variety in the flora of Azerbaijan. The present article is part of a complex experimental study which comprises bioecological research studies of Hypericum L. in flora of Azerbaijan.

Ethnobotanical, Bioecological and Phytocoenological Analysis of Species of the Genus Chenopodium L. in Arid Zones of Azerbaijan

The research was carried out in the arid regions of Azerbaijan in 2021-2023. The main goal of the research was to provide a bioecological and phytocoenological analysis of species of the genus Chenopodium, widespread as a weed plant, in the composition of coenosis, and to reveal the possibilities of use based on ethnobotanical surveys among the population. Floristic, phytocoenological, ethnobotanical methods were used during the research. It was determined that 15 species of the genus in Azerbaijan flora are more widespread in the plains and mid-mountain belt, mainly in the desert, semi-desert steppe vegetation, and in cultivated areas. During the surveys conducted among the local population, it became clear that only 10 species of the genus are used, of which 5 species are used only as wild vegetables, 3 species are used only for treatment in folk medicine, and one species — Chenopodium album is used by the population both as a medicinal plant and as a vegetable plant. It has been recorded that one species (Chenopodium foliosum) of the genus is used as a dye plant.

Study of Bioactive Compounds and Resources of Some Species of Wormwood (Artemisia abrotanum L., A. maritima L., A. pauciflora Weber, A. issaevii Rzazade) Distributed in the Flora of Azerbaijan

As a result of analysis of the literature data and our research, for the first-time distribution of the species Artemisia abrotanum L., A. maritima L., A. pauciflora Weber, A. issaevii Rzazade in different regions of Azerbaijan by obtaining bioactive compounds typical for them is confirmed in the article in detail. Distribution, resources, ecological features, as well as useful properties of wormwood (Artemisia L.) species found in the flora of Azerbaijan were studied by us, their possibilities of use in various fields of folk and agriculture were recommended. General distribution areas, biological and ecological features of all species were studied. Essential oil was obtained using the Ginsberg hydrodistillation method and component content was determined by the method of Gas Chromato-Mass Spectroscopy. Gas Chromato-Mass Spectroscopy was performed using Agilent 5977A MS gas chromatography and Agilent 7890 GC inert Mass Selector Detector. A. abrotanum L., which is new for the flora of Azerbaijan, two new substances, steroids (β-sitosterol St-1, stigmasterol St-1) was obtained from A. maritima L. species three substances, α-santonin, artemisin, glabellin was obtained. In the composition of the aerial part of the species A. pauciflora Web., 60 terpenoid compounds were identified, 17 components were detected by mass spectroscopy.

Influence of Aquatic Extracts and Essential Oils Obtained from Some Plants to the Growth of Toxigenic Fungi

Were investigated aquatic extracts and essential oils obtained from some plants (Agropyrum repens L, Apium graveolens L., Artemisia absinthium L., Mentha piperita L.) included in the flora of Azerbaijan on the growth of toxigenic fungi. It was determined that both materials obtained from the studied plants affects on the growth of toxigenic fungi. Although the effects of aqueous extract are fungistatic, the effects of essential oils are characterized as fungicidal activity. In the case of adding 0.01% of essential oil obtained from the Mentha piperita L. to the medium, the growth of all toxigenic fungi stops. This allowed us to note that the use of preparation obtained from same plant against of toxigenic fungi in the future is respectively.

Berry Plants Distribution in Lesser Caucasus Territory

The Caucasus is distinguished by an extraordinary diversity of ecosystems and includes up to 40% of the landscape type of the Earth. There are 6000 plant species here. In this regard, there is a need to ensure the environmental safety of the ecosystems of the Caucasus and the protection of biological diversity at all levels. The flora of Azerbaijan is the richest corner of the Caucasus and includes 4500 species, of which 200 are national and 950 are endemic to the Caucasus. Many changes occurring in the environment, including the impact of man-made factors, acute consequences occurring in the environment, changes observed in finishing conditions, etc. factors lead to the loss of the local varietal base and the wild heritage of many plant species, including fruits and berries. Numerous berry plants, common in the forests of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, allow the population to use them both for food and for breeding purposes. We tried to study the taxonomic spectrum, range and effective ways of using wild berry plants growing wild in these areas, less common in cultivation and non-traditional wild berry plants. In addition to strawberries, red currants, black currants, raspberries, blackberries, which are many berry plants widely cultivated by the population on farms in the forests of the region and included in the group of traditional plants, other berry plants that occur wild in forests, but are known only to the local population - there are also varieties of Gooseberries, Blueberries, Blueberries. As can be seen from the above, the forests of the Lesser Caucasus of Azerbaijan, along with other types of fruit plants, are also rich in berry plants, which are used only to a limited extent, in local conditions, and which are new to many and non-traditional to most.

Studying the flora of Azerbaijan in a changing environment: status, trends and challenges

Studying the flora of Azerbaijan in a changing environment: status, trends and challenges

A study of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in rats with chronic nickel nitrate poisoning in the background of experimental atherosclerosis under the influence of a complex antitoxicant

The purpose of the research was to study the effect of a complex plant antitoxicant from the flora of Azerbaijan consisting of a mixture of licorice, wild rose, grape seeds, oat bran, and burdock in a ratio of 3:2:1:1:2 (Eurasian patent 201600043 dated 06/25/2018) on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in rats chronically poisoned with nickel nitrate against the background of experimental atherosclerosis. It was shown that in experimental atherosclerosis, after exposure to nickel nitrate, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress disorders were aggravated. A proportional relationship was found between the severity of disorders and the duration of intoxication with nickel nitrate, with a maximum of disorders on the 60th day after exposure. In the experimental group, after chronic intoxication with nickel nitrate, a complex plant antioxidant implementation led to a significant improvement in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. The revealed corrective effect of the plant antitoxicant indicates its detoxifying effect and the possibility of its clinical approbation both for the prevention and treatment of chronic nickel nitrate poisoning in patients with existing atherosclerotic vascular lesions.

AZƏRBAYCAN FLORASINDAN DATURA STRAMONİUM L. NÖVÜNÜN KİMYƏVİ TƏRKİBİNİN TƏDQİQİ

By using GC-MS and HPLC-MS methods, alkaloids have been investigated in the Datura stramonium (thorn apple) from the flora of Azerbaijan. Totally 40 nortropane, tropane and pyrrolidine derivatives have been identified in the plant samples. Atropines have been quantified in the aerial parts of plant by using HPLC-DAD method in comparison with analytical standard of substance. Atropine was 4.353 mg/g in the dried plant sample. Spermidine and tyramine derived natural polyamines have been detected in the aerial parts of plant by performing HPLC-MS method. Sterols have been tested in the seed oil of plant in comparison with analytical standards of cholesterol, kaempesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol by using GC-FID method. ICP-MS have been performed for qualitative and quantitative determination of 6 macroelements and 13 microelements in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds of plant. Along with heavy metals, several elements, which have macro- and micronutrient importance, have been determined in the samples.