Ayurvedic Preparations Research Articles

MANAGEMENT OF ASTHI-MAJJAGATA VATA W.S.R. TO AVASCULAR NECROSIS (AVN) OF B/L FEMORAL HEAD STAGE 4 - A CASE STUDY

Avascular Necrosis (AVN), or Osteonecrosis, is characterized by bone tissue death due to insufficient blood supply, prevalent in India with a common occurrence in the femoral head. Ayurveda associates AVN with an imbalance in Vata dosha, presenting symptoms aligning with both traditional and modern medical perspectives. Conventional treatments involve anti-inflammatory drugs and hip replacement, though the latter has limitations. Ayurveda approaches include holistic treatments like herbal medicines and Panchakarma, showcasing potential benefits in symptomatic relief. Modern treatment involves anti-inflammatory drugs and, in severe cases, hip re-placement. The presented case is of a 24-year-old, diagnosed case of grade 4 bilateral AVN of the femoral head who was treated with Panchakarma including Manjisthadi Kshara Basti, Patra pind sweda,pizhichil along with a few Oral Ayurvedic preparations, for 30 days, which provided significant symptomatic relief in pain, improved range of motion and gait. Based on the results, it can be said that panchakarma can provide significant relief in signs and symptoms of Asthimajjagat vat (AVN)

DNA barcoding of herbal supplements on the US commercial market associated with the purported treatment of COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increased global use of traditional medicines, including Ayurvedic herbal preparations. Due to their growing demand, their processed nature, and the complexity of the global supply chain, there is an increased risk of adulteration in these products. The objective of this study was to assess the use of DNA barcoding for species identification in herbal supplements on the US market associated with the Ayurvedic treatment of respiratory symptoms. A total of 54 commercial products containing Ayurvedic herbs were tested with four DNA barcoding regions (i.e., rbcL, matK, ITS2, and mini-ITS2) using two composite samples per product. Nine categories of herbs were targeted: amla, ashwagandha, cinnamon, ginger, guduchi, tribulus, tulsi, turmeric, and vacha. At least one species was identified in 64.8% of products and the expected species was detected in 38.9% of products. Undeclared plant species, including other Ayurvedic herbs, rice, and pepper, were detected in 19 products, and fungal species were identified in 12 products. The presence of undeclared plant species may be a result of intentional substitution or contamination during harvest or processing, while fungal DNA was likely associated with the plant material or the growing environment. The greatest sequencing success (42.6-46.3%) was obtained with the matK and rbcL primers. The results of this study indicate that a combination of genetic loci should be used for DNA barcoding of herbal supplements. Due to the limitations of DNA barcoding in identification of these products, future research should incorporate chemical characterization techniques.

Improvement in the Outcome of Urolithiasis Medicine Section Patients using Traditional Indian Medicine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Introduction: Urolithiasis (UL) is a prevalent disorder that significantly burdens the global healthcare system. Except for acute surgical conditions, most kidney stones don’t show any symptoms during presentation. Patients with asymptomatic renal calculi frequently seek alternative treatments. Several Ayurvedic preparations mentioned in Ayurvedic compendia have shown encouraging results in patients after long-term use. However, the results of several Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of Ayurvedic preparations in UL vary. Aim: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of Ayurvedic preparations in patients with UL. Materials and Methods: The electronic databases Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ARP were searched upto August 2023 to recognise applicable studies. The modified Jadad Scale was used to assess the quality of the studies. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) tool was used to determine the RoB for randomised trials. Results: The search retrieved 1459 studies, but only 19 studies were found eligible for inclusion in the study. Statistical analysis revealed a substantial decrease in the number and size of calculi in 178 cases in the intervention group compared to only 101 events in the control group (OR: 3.03, 95% CI; 2.00, 4.61). It also showed a significant reduction in the size of stones, a significant improvement in haematuria with p=0.18, a highly significant improvement in dysuria with p=0.04, and highly significant relief in pain with p<0.0001. Conclusion: This review concludes that Ayurvedic drugs have optimistic results in the treatment of UL. More substantial clinical trials with a larger sample size must be conducted to generate stronger evidence for using Ayurvedic Medicines (AyM) as a treatment choice for UL.

Comparative evaluation of the auxiliary effect of different herbs to enhance the antibacterial efficacy of calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm – An in vitro study

Aim: The increase in potential side effects and safety concerns of conventional medicaments has led to the recent popularity of herbal alternative medications. The herbal products are known for their high antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The present study was designed to compare the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide (CH) in combination with various herbs as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Methods: Forty extracted single-rooted maxillary teeth were decoronated and sectioned into two halves. They were later infected with E. faecalis to form a biofilm for 21 days. Subsequently, the root samples were divided into a control group and three experimental groups – the control group was treated with CH powder mixed with distilled water and the experimental Group 1 was treated with CH powder and aloe vera gel placed over PerioCol-guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane; Group 2 was treated with CH powder mixed with coronil, and incorporated with aloe vera gel; and Group 3 was treated with CH powder mixed with Ajmodadi Churna incorporated with aloe vera gel. At the end of 7 and 14 days, the antimicrobial efficacy of medicaments against E. faecalis biofilm was assessed at the depths of 200–400 μm. Kruskal–Wallis test and post hoc analysis – Mann–Whitney test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Ajmodadi Churna was most effective followed by coronil and CH placed over the PerioCol GTR membrane. Conclusion: Ajmodadi Churna exhibited superior results. Coronil displayed good efficacy against E. faecalis in long-term use and thus could be used as an effective intracanal medicament. Among the Ayurvedic preparations, both hold a promising future but to implement their use as sole intracanal medicaments clinically, further in vivo and long-term studies are warranted.

Ayurvedic Medicine: A Traditional Medical System and Its Heavy Metal Poisoning.

Ayurveda is one of the oldest and most widely practiced traditional medical systems in the world. The ancient knowledge in this traditional medical system has yet to be fully explored. The interaction of rich knowledge from various traditional systems of medicine can open new pathways in the herbal drug discovery process. Apart from other hurdles in discovering plant-based medicines, the lack of knowledge of the differences and similarities between the theoretical doctrines of these systems is the greatest impediment to their convergence. Rasashastra is an Ayurvedic medicine section that deals with formulations that include minerals/metals, particularly Parad (mercury). According to the Ayurvedic Formulary of India, the most widely used heavy metals are mercury, arsenic, and lead. However, contemporary scientists are concerned about the use of heavy metals in Ayurvedic preparation. In this review article, we will discuss Ayurvedic medicine and the toxic effects of heavy metals.

Semen improvement in oligozoospermic dogs after treatment with Speman®

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of Speman®, a well-known ayurvedic proprietary preparation, in male dogs suffering from infertility associated with oligozoospermia. Twenty-three dogs were diagnosed with oligozoospermia by semen evaluation and a treatment with Speman® was prescribed for a period of 180 days. During this period, three control semen evaluations at 60 day intervals were made. No adverse effects were reported. Semen volume, concentration, total number of sperms per ejaculation, viability, total motility and percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa increased significantly (P˂0.05) in all treated dogs. As a formulation of plant origin, Speman® may successfully improve the sperm quality in infertile male dogs due to oligozoospermia.

THE SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF MUTRASHMARI W.S.R. RENAL CALCULI USING PROPRIETARY AYURVEDIC MEDICINE- A CASE STUDY

Mutashmari is a common problem in primary care practice. In India, more than 1 million cases are reported every year, and another report puts the infection rate at 12% of the population. Symptoms of Mutrashmari can be compared to urolithiasis. Although many treatments are accepted in medicine, they are expensive and it is impossible to avoid the development of stone recurrence. Therefore, to treat Mutashmari, it is necessary to find costeffective and easily available drugs. This is an isolated case. In this case, a 40-year-old patient presented to Kayachikitsa OPD with complaints of abdominal pain (pain radiating from the lower back to the groin) and burning sensation accompanied by bloating. She did not want to undergo kidney stone surgery, so she came for Ayurvedic treatment. Ultrasound report shows kidney stones. The patient was treated with Ayurvedic preparations consisting of chruna, tablets and Kashay. Treatment shows successful results. The stone passed in the urine within 15 days and was 8 mm x 6 mm in size. Depending on the size, the patient will experience more or less relief from abdominal pain and no burning pain as it grows.

Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of anti-obesity herbal granules in Sprague Dawley rats.

Toxicological studies are essential for developing novel medications in pharmaceutical industries including ayurvedic preparation. Hence, the present study is aimed to evaluate acute and 28-days repeated dose oral toxicity of anti-obesity polyherbal granules (PHG) in Sprague Dawley rats by OECD guidelines No 425 and 407, respectively. In an acute oral toxicity study, a single dose of 2 g/kg PHG was administered to rats and mortality, body weight, and clinical observations were noted for fourteen days. However, in the subacute oral toxicity study, the PHG was administered orally at doses of 0.3, 0.5 and 1 g/kg daily for 28 days to rats. Food intake and body weight were recorded weekly. On the 29th day, rats were sacrificed and subjected to haematological, biochemical, urine, necropsy, and histopathological analysis. In an acute oral toxicity study, no treatment-related, mortality, behavioral changes, and toxicity were found throughout fourteen days. Likewise, in the sub-acute toxicity study, no mortality and toxic effects were found in haematology, biochemical, urine, necropsy and histopathological analysis in rats for 28 days of treatment with PHG. Based on these results, the LD50 of PHG was found to be greater than 2 g/kg and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of PHG for rats was found to be 0.5 g/kg/day. Thus, anti-obesity polyherbal granules showed a good safety profile in animal studies and can be considered an important agent for the clinical management of obesity.

A comparative study on the antagonistic effect of an ayurvedic preparation- Kutajarishta and its components on E.coli.

In our study, we examined the effect of kutajarishta and its constituents on five strains of E.coli, one of the causative organisms of colitis. Colitis is an inflammation of colon caused due to micro-organisms like E.coli, Shigella Campylobacter, Salmonella and Yersinia sp. Our study deals with the self-generated herbal fermentation of traditional ayurvedic formulations for colitis the Arishtas and Asavas. They are alcoholic medications prepared by allowing herbal juices or their decoctions to undergo fermentation along with dhataki flowers (Woodfordia fruticosa) and sugars. Dhataki flowers are fermentation initiators. Kutajarishtas also an ayurvedic formulation of Holarrhena sp (kudasaal), Gmelina arborea (Shivan), Woodfordia fruticosa (dhataki flowers), water, raisins and jaggery and can be used to treat colitis. To test the antimicrobial activity of kutajarishta, five strains of E.coli were isolated and confirmed by Indole, Methyl red, Voges-Proskauer and Citrate utilization (IMViC) tests. Alcoholic and aqueous extract of kudasaal and shivan were prepared and the effect of alcoholic and aqueous extract of kutajarishta, kudasaal and shivan were seen against five strains of E.coli by using agar well diffusion method. Further, compound purification from aqueous and alcoholic extract was done by TLC. Kutajarishta is most effective against all the five strains of E. coli as compared to kudasaal and shivan plant extracts. From the study, it can be concluded that the Kudasaal plant extract is more effective than shivan plant extract. Aqueous extracts of kudasaal and shivan are more effective than alcoholic kudasaal and shivan extracts. From the initial screening of all the three extracts we concluded that kutajarishta has maximum antibacterial activity due to the interaction of toxins with the phyto-constituents of the plant.

Anticancer Effect of Alstonia Scholaris Against the Methyl-Methanesulphonate-Induced Genotoxicity in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes in Vitro

Abstract: Alstonia scholaris is used in various Ayurvedic preparations like Saptaparnasatvadi vati, Saptachadadi vati, Saptachhadadi vati, Saptacchadadi taila, Saptacchadadi kvatha and Saptaparna ghanasara or uses of Alstonia scholaris mainly in Whooping cough, Malaria, Jaundice, Gastric complaint, Headache, Asthma, Stomachache, Wound, Fever and also much effective in all types of cancer. The antigenotoxic potential of Alstonia scholaris extract (AS) was demonstrated on the methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) induced genotoxicity. In vitro studies were carried on human lymphocyte culture. We have used chromosomal aberration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and cell cycle kinetics (CCK) with and without S9 mix. as markers in this experiments. Four doses viz., 100, 150, 200, 250 μl/ml per culture were selected and found that Alstonia scholaris extract significantly reduces the frequencies of chromosomal aberration, sister chromatid exchanges and enhances RI in vitro .It was also noticed that the antigenotoxic potential of AS shows dose – response relationship. The results suggest that AS was a potent anticarcinogen may contribute to the cancer prevention.

Determining Perception and Predilection for Ayurveda versus Allopathy amongst Educated Individuals Studying and Practising Allopathy at Different Levels

Background: Ayurveda is an alternative medicine system with historical roots in the Indian subcontinent. Ayurvedic preparations are typically based on complex herbal compounds, minerals, and metal substances. Up to 80% people in India use Ayurveda exclusively or combined with conventional Western medicine. The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is a recent global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On 5th May 2023, WHO declared end of COVID-19 as PHEIC. As of 24th May 2023, the pandemic had caused more than 766 million confirmed cases and over 6.9 million deaths globally, making it one of the deadliest in history. It is necessary that the scientific community must draw on pluralistic knowledge systems available globally to strengthen the immune system and reduce dependence on any one system of medicine. It is time for us to strengthen our trust and belief in our age-old tradition and knowledge of Ayurveda. This study was planned to determine use of Ayurvedic medicines and associated beliefs of educated individuals studying and practicing allopathy at different levels. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study amongst students pursuing a Bachelor of Pharmacy and Medical and Paramedical staff using an online questionnaire created using Google Forms. A total 229 respondent data were included in the study. The obtained information was summarised using Microsoft Excel and presented as percentages. The parameters that were studied were gender and age distribution of study subjects; preferred system of medicine for major ailments; reason for preferring allopathic medicine over ayurvedic medicine, rationale for rising credence of Ayurveda in COVID and post-COVID era; common perceptions regarding Ayurvedic medicines.Results: Most of our subjects were 18 to 35 years of age (176, 76.9%). One-third of the study subjects (77, 33.6%) preferred Ayurveda as the science for medical treatment. Ayurvedic treatment was preferred for gastro-intestinal and liver diseases. The rationale sought by study subjects for rising credence of Ayurveda during the COVID and post-COVID era were fewer side effects, ease of availability, and cost-effectiveness. Conclusion: COVID-19 has rekindled the belief and knowledge of people in Ayurveda. Predilection is to use ayurvedic and allopathic medicines together rather than Ayurveda alone and still people resort to allopathy to tide over acute conditions and immediate crisis.

Phytochemically tailored zinc based ayurvedic nano-medicine: Therapeutic Importance and Prospects

Ayurveda, a time honoured traditional system of medicines, has thrived on its profound understanding of the correlation between human body constitution and the elements of the universe. Yashad Bhasma (Zinc Oxide), a unique Ayurvedic metallic preparation, has been employed for centuries in treating various ailments, offering a holistic approach as an immune booster and a healing agent. Phytochemically tailored Zinc based herbomineral novel preparations/formulations have been explored to be an important wide spectrum therapeutic, based on blended pharmacy methods. The article introduces the concept of zinc-based Ayurvedic nano-medicine, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of zinc oxide nano-particles, an evidence based herbo-mineral formulation which has embraced reverse pharm. principles. There lies resemblance between Ayurvedic Bhasmas and chemically metal oxides, Physicochemically, Biochemically and also in-turn physiologically. The trans-formation of metallic zinc into assimilablezinc oxide as per modified Ayurvedic methodology may be of paramount significance. This conversion not only eliminates the toxicity of the metal but also enhances biocompatibility, paving the way for targeted drug delivery and medical imaging on the lines of ADMET. Furthermore, the study calls for comprehensive standardization measures, addressing qualitative and quantitative aspects. The article highlights the necessity of scientific strategies to navigate challenges in Yashad Bhasma research, ensuring its safety, quality, and medicinal efficacy by phytochemical blending. The research advocates for a harmonious blend of traditional wisdom and modern scientific rigor to propel Ayurvedic medicinal system, specifically Yashad Bhasma, into mainstream healthcare. Standardization and redesigning may emerge as the cornerstone for bridging the gap between ancient healing practices and contemporary healthcare to foster global acceptance and utilization of Ayurvedic treatments, accepted as have been realised, practiced and proved during pandemic Corona as Repurposed therapeutic strategy.

Standardization of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Flower by HPTLC, HPLC and AAS

Hibiscus rosa-sinesis, a well-known flowering plant in India, is used to worship Lord Ganesha. It is a member of the Malvaceae family. It is used in traditional medicine in many tropical countries to treat wounds, inflammation, fever, diabetes, infections, hair loss, and gastric ulcers. Therapeutic benefits of Hibiscus rosa-sinesis are attributed to flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and alkaloids. Hibiscus rosa-sinesis flowers are a good source of flavonoids, which are important components of herbal and Ayurvedic preparations. The goal of this study was to standardize the flower extract through qualitative phytochemical screening and quantitative HPTLC analysis of quercetin, an active biomarker. The result of the HPTLC analysis was compared to those obtained using HPLC. HPTLC found that the extract contained 0.33% quercetin, while HPLC found that it contained 0.37% quercetin. Further, heavy metals and trace elements were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results showed that cadmium, lead, arsenic, copper, chromium, and mercury levels (in ppm±SEM) were within acceptable limits: cadmium (0.018±0.050), lead (0.630±0.025), arsenic (0.041±0.014), copper (2.605±0.045), chromium (0.450±0.025), and mercury (0.023±0.006). This method allows standardization of plant material for raw material and finished product testing, ensuring better efficacy and safety.

Efficacy and safety of Link Natural Sudarshana, an Ayurvedic herbal preparation in COVID-19 patients: A phase II multicenter double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

Ethnopharmacological relevanceIn vitro and in vivo studies have shown anti-viral and immunomodulatory actions in components of many traditional medicines. Various constituents of traditional medicines have been found to be effective against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in several clinical trials and in-silico studies. Sudarshana cúrna, a polyherbal Ayurvedic medicine, has been used over thousands of years for a variety of infectious fevers. Aims of the studyThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Link Natural Sudarshana (LNS) tablets, in patients with COVID 19 disease. LNS is a polyherbal preparation comprising 49 medicinal plants included in the Sudarshana cúrna. Materials and methodsA randomized parallel-group double-blind placebo-controlled multi-center phase II clinical trial was conducted in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 disease. They were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received LNS tablets whereas the control group received placebo tablets for 10 days or until the patient was discharged from the hospital. All patients received standard symptomatic treatment. The primary outcome, a reduction in mean log viral load was assessed at day 5 of treatment. The secondary outcomes, clinical progression and safety, were assessed by, monitoring changes in symptoms daily on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 4 and laboratory tests respectively. ResultsA total of 171 patients (treatment group 83, control group 88) completed the trial. There were no significant differences between the baseline status of the two groups except that body mass index was significantly higher in the placebo group. The mean log viral load reduction at day 5 was higher in the treatment group (2.20 ± 1.67) compared to the placebo group (1.93 ± 1.80), with a mean difference of −0.278. This difference was not statistically significant at the 5% significant level. Reduction of mean cumulative symptom score, which included 16 symptoms graded according to severity, was higher in the treatment group compared to the placebo group. This difference was not statistically significant. None of the study participants developed hypoxia. Among the 7 lymphopenia patients in the placebo group, 3 continued to have lymphopenia at day 10, whereas 9 lymphopenia patients in the treatment group, reverted to normal counts. C reactive proteins (CRP) showed a greater reduction in the treatment group. None reported adverse effects. No significant changes occurred in hematological and biochemical parameters that assessed safety. ConclusionsLNS is safe to use in COVID-19 patients and accelerated the decline in viral load, relieved symptoms, reduced CRP levels and reversed lymphopenia earlier, when compared to the placebo.

Neuroprotective Effect of Morinda citrifolia on Behavioural and Biochemical Deficits in PTZ-induced Kindled Mice.

Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological disorders characterized by seizures. Kindling, a chronic epileptic mouse model, was used to explore the epileptogenic mechanism and seek new anti-epileptics. In kindling, sub-convulsive (chemical/ electrical) stimuli were delivered repeatedly and erratically, eventually causing massive convulsions. Moreover, Morinda citrifolia (Noni) extracts are used as a remedy in ayurvedic preparations for many ailments. Noni has recently been shown to protect mice from amyloid beta-induced memory loss. This study was used to investigate the neuroprotective potential of Morinda citrifolia in mice over pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling seizure. Kindling was provoked by subsequent (one-day-gap) injections of PTZ (subconvulsive; 35 mg/kg; s.c.) for 29 days in mice. Following PTZ injection, convulsive behaviours were noted for 30 minutes. Open-field-test (locomotor activity), forced swimming test (depressive behaviors), elevated plus-maze, and passive avoidance tests were employed to evaluate cognition. Brain homogenate was used to estimate oxidative stress (glutathione, superoxide-dismutase, lipid-peroxidation) and acetylcholinesterase activity. PTZ-provoked kindled mice displayed depressive behaviors, impaired locomotion, cognitive dysfunctions and various biochemical changes. However, treatment with Morinda citrifolia extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o) and valproic acid (200 mg/kg, p.o) before 60 min of each PTZ injection diminished kindling scores and restored behavioural, and biochemical changes. Our findings suggest Morinda citrifolia offered neuroprotective effects against PTZinduced kindling seizures in mice, which were established by behavioural and biochemical paradigms.

Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical and Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation of Trapa natans Linn. root

Background: Water caltrop (Singara), a plant belonging to the Trapaceae or Lytraceae family is an essential medicinal herb used in Ayurvedic preparations. Due to its unique characteristics and therapeutic properties. It is one of the most widely consumed vegetables in Asian countries. Taiwan, China and areas of Southeast Asia are home to Singara. Objective: To study the pharmacognostic, physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical investigation of Trapa natans Linn. root to establish the salient diagnostic features. Methods: Macroscopical, microscopical, physicochemical evaluation, detection of inorganic constituents, fluorescence analysis, extractive value and phytochemical analysis were performed. Extraction was performed by using different solvent such as petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol and distill water. Results: Macroscopically roots were mostly 10–65 mm long and less than 1 mm in diameter, except for the first adventitious roots arising from the cotyledonary nodes, which were much longer and often descended into the substrate river bottom. Microscopically the stele of roots is typically tetrarch, but hexarchy and pentarchy occur in large roots and triarchy in some roots. Central metaxylem vessel elements with a discontinuity of mature xylem elements between protoxylem and metaxylem are common. The cortex of Trapa natans Linn. root is characterized by aerenchyma in its middle by schizogeny but it often has asymmetrically larger lacunae in the inner cortex. The result of physicochemical parameters such as foreign matter, loss on drying (moisture content), total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, water soluble extractive value, alcohol soluble extractive value, foaming index were found to be 0.3%w/w, 2.04%w/w, 9.5%w/w, 3.5%w/w, 5.0%w/w, 10.2%w/w, 5.2%w/w, less than 100 respectively. Qualitative tests of inorganic elements confirmed the presence of calcium, sodium, potassium, iron, sulphate, phosphate and chloride. The result of fluorescence analysis showed that in visible light, the root powder exhibit various shades of green and brown fluorescence. Various shades of green, brown and black were found under UV light. Preliminary phytochemical investigation of various extracts using different solvents confirmed the presence alkaloids, amino acid, glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrate, steroids, triterpenoid compound, tannins, phenolic compounds, mucilage and saponins respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that the presences of various phytoconstituents in Trapa natans Linn. root may be medicinally useful. Also the results can be helpful in setting some diagnostic indices for identification, authentication and preparation of the monograph of the plant.

COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AYURVEDIC MEDICATIONS: A CASE OF YASHADA BHASMA AND YASHADA PUSHPA BHASMA IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine rooted in India, offers a treasure trove of herbal and mineral formulations. Yashada Bhasma1 and Yashada Pushpa Bhasma are two formulations that have gained popularity for their potential therapeutic properties. Traditional Ayurvedic medicines, such as Yashada Bhasma, have been used for centuries to treat various ailments. However, with the surge of interest in Ayurvedic medicine, there is a growing need for rigorous scientific assessments to evaluate their safety and efficacy. This study assessed the subacute toxicity of traditional Ayurvedic medicines, Yashada Bhasma and Yashada Pushpa Bhasma, in Swiss albino mice. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive toxicological study conducted on Swiss albino mice to determine the safety profiles of Yashada Bhasma and Yashada Pushpa Bhasma. These findings underscore the importance of proper dosing and further research, facilitating the safe and effective use of these traditional Ayurvedic preparations in modern healthcare.

Ayurvedic preparations of Raudra Rasa inhibit agonist-mediated platelet activation and restrict thrombogenicity without affecting cell viability.

Ayurveda is considered to be one of the most ancient forms of medicine still practiced. The Ayurvedic preparation Raudra Rasa and its derivatives have been widely employed against cancer since the 12th century, but the effect of these traditional formulations on platelet function and signaling has not previously been examined. Here we demonstrate that Raudra Rasa and its derivatives significantly reduce thrombin-induced integrin activation and granule secretion in platelets, as observed by reduced PAC-1 binding and P-selectin externalization, respectively. These formulations also inhibited thrombin-stimulated phosphatidylserine exposure, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential in platelets. Consistent with the above, Raudra Rasa significantly reduced thrombin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the platelet proteins, as well as phosphorylation of the enzymes AKT and GSK-3β. In summary, Raudra Rasa inhibits agonist-mediated platelet activation without affecting cell viability, suggesting it may have therapeutic potential as an anti-platelet/anti-thrombotic agent.

Preclinical Hemotoxicological Profile Investigations of an Ayurvedic Medication Following Long-Term Adminidration to Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Kutajarista (KTJ) is an Ayurvedic preparation used as a traditional medicine in ulcerative colitis in the rural population. A self-made alcoholic preparation derived from the Indian Medical System known as Kutajarishta. The main ingredient in this polyherbal combination is Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall. Ex DC (Family: Apocynaceae). It is used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhea, and amebic dysentery. Ayurvedic practitioners have been using Kutaja formulations for centuries, as they have been found to be quite helpful clinically in certain diseases. This study was conducted using mainly old literature as a basis method. At a dose of 40 milliliters per kilogram, KTJ was given chronically to male Sprague-Dawley rats in order to determine its toxicological characteristics. Following a continuous 28-day KTJ preparation administration, the following toxicological alterations were observed. Several erythrocytic parameters were found in this experiment. The anemia panel studies' findings are as follows: The total amount of red blood cells in the male rat has decreased by [7.98%]. This drop was noticeable (p=0.083) even if it was not statistically significant. There is a [8.08 %] decrease in the Hemoglobin content of the blood of the male rat, the decrease though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.097). There is a [8.03 %] decrease in the Hematocrit level of the blood of the male rat, the decrease though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.072). There is a statistically insignificant (p=0.882) [0.19 %] increase in the Mean corpuscular volume, a red cell index of the male rat. There is a statistically insignificant (p=0.420) [3.02 %] decrease in the Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, a red cell index of the male rat. A statistically insignificant (p=0.203) [8.50 %] increase in the red cell volume distribution width, a red cell index of the male rat, is observed, along with a negligible [3.01 %] decrease in the Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, a red cell index of the male rat, which was statistically not at all significant (p=0.561).

Effectiveness of ayurvedic formulation, NAOQ19 along with standard care in the treatment of mild-moderate COVID-19 patients: A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentric trial

BackgroundMedicines in indigenous systems such as Ayurveda have strong antimicrobial activity but double-blind randomized control trials are infrequent in this system of medicine. The efficacy of a new ayurvedic formulation was evaluated during the pandemic. Methods150 mild-moderate COVID-19 patients were enrolled and randomized in 1:1 to NAOQ19 and placebo group. RT-PCR was done on Day 3, 5 and 7. CBC, CRP, LFT, and KFT were assessed at baseline and exit. Duration of hospital stay was noted and clinical assessment was also performed. ResultThe results demonstrated more people turning RT-PCR negative in the NAOQ19 group compared to the placebo group on day 3 (p-value = 0.033). The mean time duration to turn RT-PCR negative was significantly lower in the NAOQ19 group (4.6 days) compared to placebo group (5.2 days) (p-value = 0.018). There was significant reduction in hospital stay among patients in the NAOQ19 arm who were discharged earlier (5.6 days) compared to placebo group (6.4 days) (p-value = 0.046). Patients in NAOQ19 arm did not show any adverse life-threatening events. ConclusionThe ayurvedic preparation given along with standard of care therapy reduced the duration of hospital stay and there was earlier conversion to RT-PCR negative.The integrated approach can help to reduce patient workload in the hospitals as well as limit the transmission of the virus in the community. Study registrationCTRI/2021/05/033790.