Ayurvedic Medical System Research Articles

Survey on Focused Web Crawling Approaches for Ayurvedic Plant Information Retrieval

The Ayurvedic medical system is heavily reliant on medicinal plants, demanding correct information retrieval from the web. This study examines specific web crawling strategies for collecting useful information about Ayurvedic botanicals, with a focus on deep learning methodologies. Crawlers optimized with machine learning models retrieve domain-specific content while filtering out unnecessary data. The paper looks at approaches such as the TRES framework, which is a reinforcement learning-based crawler that discretizes vast state and action spaces in order to effectively choose ideal URLs. Furthermore, convolutional neural networks (CNN) and natural language processing (NLP) have been used in crawlers to improve categorization, as demonstrated by successful Turkish language processing applications. The paper "Learning to Crawl: Comparing Classification Schemes" conducts a comparative comparison of old rule-based approaches and newer deep learning classifiers, demonstrating the latter's superiority. In addition, a Naive Bayes classifier is employed in an Ayurvedic plant-focused crawler, which employs query expansion via a carefully curated thesaurus to improve relevancy in retrieved web pages. This poll emphasizes the need for more efficient, adaptive, and focused crawlers powered by deep learning to progress Ayurvedic research.

Benincasa hispida Alleviates Stress and Anxiety in a Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Model.

The Ayurvedic medical system uses fruits of the Benincasa hispida plant to treat mental diseases, including schizophrenia. The goal of the current study was to assess the aqueous extract of B. hispida fruit's ability to relieve stress and anxiety induced in zebrafish models using neuropharmacological evaluation, which included determining behavioral parameters in tests such as the T-maze, open tank test (OTT), and light-dark preference test (LDPT). After measuring the zebrafish survival rate for 96 h, the LC50 was found to be 5 µg. AChE (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitory activity and the status of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and LDH) were also used to evaluate the toxicity. Furthermore, the administration of the aqueous extract of B. hispida fruit increased the frequency of entry and duration of time spent in the bright section, suggesting a noteworthy reduction in levels of stress and anxiety. Additionally, the antistress and antianxiety activity was confirmed by the docking studies' mechanism of action, which involves the AChE receptor binding stability of the homogalactaconan molecule found in the aqueous extract of B. hispida fruit. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrated that the aqueous extract of B. hispida fruit is a viable therapeutic molecule for the creation of novel drugs and the treatment of stress since it has the therapeutic advantage of reversing the negative effects of stress and anxiety.

Evaluation and standarisation of Shatavaryadi Churna

Introduction-The Ayurvedic medical system has recently got a lot of medical and healthcare services in India. To evaluate the quality, safety, and effectiveness of the medicine, standards and purity of herbal formulation are crucial. However, pharmacopoeia testing is the protocol that all medicines must follow in order to be accepted globally. A compound herbal formulation called Shatvaryadi Churna is suggested for the treatment of a number of diseases. For the treatment of Timira Vyadhi, patal vyadhi, kancha vyadhi and many other raktaj vikara the formulation was documented in the Ayurvedic classic Yoga Ratnakar. Materials & methods- Shatavaryadi Churna was made by using the standard procedure with all aseptic precautions and as described in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia for Churna Kalpana (Powder Preparation). The manufactured medication has been standardised by adhering to the approved pharmacopeial protocol for quality control procedures. Results- Organoleptic parameters, physiochemical evaluation, and microbiological load test was done these analytical values were within the expected limits.

Pharmacognostic standardization and HPTLC fingerprinting analysis of Sahacharadi Kashayam: a classical ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

Multiherbal compositions are widely practiced in ayurvedic medical system, and ka??yam (decoction) is one such dose. Sahacharadi Kashayam is a traditional ayurvedic polyherbal medicine recommended by ayurvedic doctors for chronic and acute back pains, lower limb disorders, and conditions that mainly affect the nutrient level in the blood and the bone. The aim of this study was to develop pharmacognostic parameters for the standardization and quality evaluation of the Sahacharadi Kashayam. In-house polyherbal formulation was prepared as per the previously prescribed method, and physicochemical parameters were evaluated as per standard protocol and showed loss on drying at 99.31%, total ash content at 4.911 ± 0.120%, water-soluble ash at 3.022, and acid-insoluble ash at 0.489. Total phenolic content was estimated with FC reagent and expressed as gallic acid equivalent (9.95 + 0.004 mg/g). High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint profiling was obtained, and the quantity of total tannins was estimated as tannic acid equivalent using HPLC (0.47%). The results obtained from the study could be utilized as a reference for the quality control and quality assurance of Sahacharadi Kashayam.

Ayurveda approach to a rare case of Alport syndrome: A case report

Abstract Alport syndrome is a genetically inheritable condition occurring due to alterations in the alpha-5 chain of type 4 collagen. This affects the cochlea in the inner ear, the eyes, and the basement membrane in the glomerulus. The prevalence of the disease is 1 in 50,000, with a higher incidence among males. According to Ayurveda, defects in Shukra (sperm) or Shonita (ovum) lead to the development of Adi Bala Pravritta Rogas (genetic disorders). Ayurveda literature contains certain references to ocular, auricular, and renal manifestations of genetic disorders. In this case, a patient presented with complaints of gradual, progressive, painless vision impairment in both eyes over the last 5–6 years along with gradual impaired hearing over the past year. Ocular examination revealed bilateral anterior lenticonus. The tuning fork test suggested sensorineural hearing loss in both ears. Urine routine and bio-microscopic analysis showed hematuria. Currently, there is no viable cure for Alport syndrome in modern science. This case study highlights the potential of the Ayurvedic medical system to slow the progression of the disease and enhance the patient’s quality of life through a holistic approach.

Potentiation of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) by Using Mid-infrared Ray: A Novel Approach

In allopathic medicine, additives and synergistic can somewhat increase a drug's potency, but doing so also raises its cost and sensitivity. In the ancient medicine system, potentiation technology is described elaborately but during the course of time, it has been lost. We invented a 2-6µm water-based mid-IR generating atomizer named MIRGA. Depending on the applied plunger pressure, MIRGA’s every spraying is designed to generate 2-6 µm mid-IR. In the Ayurvedic medical system, ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a widely used herb in folk medicine for treating a variety of ailments. Using MIRGA, an immediate external spraying distance of 0.25–0.50 meter was applied to the packaged (polyethene, paper) ashwagandha powder. This resulted in ashwagandha potentiation for a minimal 27%. The MIRGA is cost-effective, guaranteeing resource savings in addition to rising health benefits. The numerous advantages offered by this technology have been substantiated through a series of experiments and various instruments, which will be elaborated upon in this discourse.

Ethanopharmacological Activities of Mentha arvensis: An Updated Review

Economical natural menthol is derived from Mentha arvensis Linn (menthol mint) oil. It is an aromatic perennial herb. The leading Mentha producing state in area and production is Uttar Pradesh and India is the leading exporter contributing about 80% of essential oil, menthol crystal and allied products. It is a native herb from the Labiatae family and is most frequently referred to as “pudina”. It has historically been used to treat ischemic heart disease and hypertension. Terpenoids, alcohols and phenolics are just a few of the bioactive substances that have been identified from this plant. These bioactive compounds’ pharmacological activities include antibacterial, neuroprotective, antioxidant, antiulcer, immunomodulatory, antimutagenic, and anti-tumor properties. Studies on Ayurvedic, unani, and other traditional medical systems have also revealed this plant’s pharmacological capabilities. The current article provides a summary of the plant’s general description, phytochemical ingredients, historical context, and pharmacological qualities

Pharmacognostical Study of Tridax procumbens Linn

Tridax procumbens Linn is a native of tropical America and has naturalized in tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia. It is a wild plant that may be found all throughout India. It has been widely utilized in the Ayurvedic medical system and is prescribed as "Bhringraj" by some Ayurvedic doctors. In India, a weed known as "Jayanti Veda" is called Tridax procumbens L. Asteraceae's Tridax Procumbens Linn., sometimes known as coat buttons. Pharmacognostic studies are very important since the parameters estimated are the identity of a particular plant and they are very useful to authenticate the plant under study and prevent it from adulteration and substitution. complete botanical evaluation which comprises macroscopic, microscopy physicochemical parameters like loss on drying extractive value, ash value and to investigate the Phytochemical present the extract in the preliminary level were carried out for the quality control of the drug.Pharmacognostic studies are crucial because the estimated parameters help identify a specific plant. They are also highly helpful to authenticate the plant being studied and guard against adulteration and substitution.

Physiological Aspect of Agni and its Role in Metabolic Activities: A Review

In the Ayurvedic medical system, Agni represents the primary force governing digestion and metabolism within the body. It manifests as the active component in bodily secretions responsible for catalyzing digestive and chemical processes. Physiologically Agni performs functions of digestion, absorption and assimilation of ingested food. Jatharagni holds a central position as it influences the functioning of both Bhutagni and Dhatvagni. Physiologically Jatharagni transforms ingested foods into Rasa and Mala. The Bhutagnis act on specific elemental components of food, nourishing the corresponding elements within the body. The Dhatvagnis operate on respective tissues, breaking them down into different parts. The overall transformative process led by Agni contributes to the maintenance of vital aspects such as Bala, Arogya, Ayu, Prana, Swasthyam, Varnam, Utsaha, Prabha, Ojha and Teja. Agni serves as a critical factor in transforming ingested substances of diverse origins into a uniform nature, converting consumed food into energy. Keywords: Ayurveda, Agni, Digestion, Metabolism, Paka

Exploring the potential of Moringa oleifera Lam in skin disorders and cosmetics: nutritional analysis, phytochemistry, geographical distribution, ethnomedicinal uses, dermatological studies and cosmetic formulations.

Moringa oleifera Lam. is a pan-tropical plant well known to the ancient world for its extensive therapeutic benefits in the Ayurvedic and Unani medical systems. The ancient world was familiar with this tree, but it has only lately been rediscovered as a multifunctional species with a huge range of possible therapeutic applications. It is a folk remedy for skin diseases, edema, sore gums, etc. This review comprises the history, ethnomedicinal applications, botanical characteristics, geographic distribution, propagation, nutritional and phytochemical profile, dermatological effects, and commercially available cosmeceuticals of Moringa oleifera Lam.Compilation of all the presented data has been done by employing various search engines like Science Direct, Google, PubMed, Research Gate, EBSCO, SciVal, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar.Studies on phytochemistry claim the presence of a variety of substances, including fatty acids, phenolic acids, sterols, oxalates, tocopherols, carotenoids, flavonoids, flavonols glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, terpene, saponins, phylates, alkaloids, glucosinolates, glycosides, and isothiocyanate. The pharmacological studies have shown the efficacy of Moringa oleifera Lam. as an antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-atopic dermatitis, antipsoriatic, promoter of wound healing, effective in treating herpes simplex virus, photoprotective, and UV protective. As a moisturizer, conditioner, hair growth promoter, cleanser, antiwrinkle, anti-aging, anti-acne, scar removal, pigmentation, and control for skin infection, sores, as well as sweating, it has also been utilized in a range of cosmeceuticals.he Moringa oleifera Lam. due to its broad range of phytochemicals can be proven boon for the treatment of dermatological disorders.

Curcumin promotes renewal of intestinal epithelium by miR-195-3p

Ethnopharmacological relevanceTurmeric (Curcuma longa) has been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders in the Indian Ayurvedic medical system. According to the theory behind traditional Chinese medicine, turmeric can be distributed in the spleen meridian, for which it has been used as a digestive aid. Curcumin (Cur), a natural polyphenol compound originally derived from turmeric, has anti-inflammatory activity and can assist in treating inflammatory bowel disease. Aims of the studyTo investigate curcumin's protective effects on intestinal epithelium and explore the underlying miR-195-3p-related mechanisms. Materials and methodsThe miR-195-3p mimics were used to over-express miR-195-3p. The in vitro effects of Cur and miR-195-3p on the intestine were shown utilizing intestinal cryptlike epithelial cell line-6 (IEC-6) cells. By fasting for 48 h, an intestinal mucosal atrophy model of SD rats was created in vivo. Cur (25 or 50 mg/kg) was assessed for its protective effect on intestinal epithelium. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) with an intestinal protective effect reported in our previous research was adopted as a positive drug for the in vivo and in vitro bioactivity evaluation since there is no universally positive drug for either intestinal mucosal restitution or miR-195-3p modulation. ResultsCur protects the intestinal epithelium and promotes its repair after injury via down-regulating miR-195-3p. In vitro experiments showed that Cur inhibited the apoptosis of IEC-6 cells, stimulated their growth, and down-regulated the level of miR-195-3p in cells. When miR-195-3p was overexpressed, the viability of IEC-6 cells decreased while the apoptosis rate increased. All the above detrimental effects were alleviated after curcumin intervention. Moreover, Cur reversed the effect of miR-195-3p on its downstream occludin. In vivo, results showed that 48-h fasting impaired the integrity of the small intestinal mucosa (abnormal crypt structure and reduced goblet cell number), which was ameliorated by Cur treatment. In addition, the Cur treatment reversed both the increased expression level of miR-195-3p and decreased levels of ki-67 and occludin caused by fasting. ConclusionsCur could promote the proliferation and repair after injury of the intestinal mucosa by down-regulating miR-195-3p.

Chemical Detoxification of Therapeutic Hybrid Complexes Prepared by the Compatible Combination of Ayurvedic Herb and Allopathic Drug

Background & Objective: The treatment of diseases and good health maintenance are the common fundamental aims of ayurvedic and allopathic medical systems. Limited information is available in the public domain for the concept of symbiohealth, i.e., the symbiotic interaction of ayurveda and allopathy, that needs to be explored for an efficient and robust health system. Therefore, an attempt has been made to reduce the toxicity of therapeutic drugs via the integration approach of ayurveda and allopathy. Methods: Three different categories of allopathy and ayurvedic medicines, such as antacids (omeprazole, ranitidine, and sooktybhasma), antibacterial (amoxicillin trihydrate, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, Curcuma longa, and Datura stramonium) and antiviral (acyclovir, efavirenz, Echinacea, Calendula, Allium sativum, and Citrullus colocynthis) were targeted. Results: Best therapeutic hybrid combination was obtained on the basis of their UV absorption maxima and peak shift. Acyclovir with A. sativum (1-6%), sooktybhasma 20% with rantidine, Ciprofloxacin HCl (2%) with 10% aqueous datura and Ciprofloxacin HCl (0.02-0.2%) with 0.02-0.06% acetonitrile turmeric showed best integration result. This drug integration can be applied to improve the potential results or detoxification of hybrid drugs that target the drug moiety results in reduced side effects or the dose of important drugs, which might be due to the chelation pattern of their functional group, absorption, bonding, and pi-pi interaction. Conclusion: This study will provide the leadership for the betterment of a therapeutic hybrid drug complex that might be useful as an allopathic drug and less harmful than its ayurvedic component. The proposed integration fusion of different medication therapies, such as Ayurvedic and allopathic, has the potential for a scientific merger.

A review on Gandhak Vati : An Ayurvedic formulation in patients of Agnimandya and Ajeerna

Nearly 70% of Ayurvedic pharmaceutical formulations are of herbo-mineral origin, and Gandhakvati is one such formulation that is offered in traditional Vati (tablet) form. In practise, it is mostly utilised in the Ayurvedic medical system to treat digestive issues. Here, a number of references to Gandhakvati are gathered from Ayurvedic data sources such traditional texts and lexicons and then thoroughly examined in terms of ingredients, ratio, dose, and their indications. According to the classics, it has more therapeutic uses in Agnimandya. There are around nine formulations with the name Gandhakvati that are listed in various ancient books, each with a unique set of ingredients and therapeutic properties.

A Review on: Phytoconstituents, Traditional and Medicinal uses of Taraxacum offinale (Dandelion)

Since 5000 BC, medicinal plants have been used in India as part of the Ayurvedic medical system. Medical professionals frequently use herbal remedies. Taraxacum officinale, commonly called dandelion, is a perennial plant belonging to the family Asteraceae. It is also known as wet-a-bed, lion’s tooth, priest’s crown, blowball, milk gowan, wild endive, white endive, puffball, and Irish daisy. Long and upright flowering stalks with a single terminal inflorescence are present. It has numerous medicinal properties due to phytochemicals found in the plant's flower, leaf, stem, and roots. Sesquiterpenes found in dandelion root extracts. The root also includes a number of phenolic substances. The two sesquiterpenes taraxinic acid b-Dglucopyranoside and 11, 13-dihydrotaraxinic acid b-Dglucopyranoside An extract of combined dandelion leaves and flowers has been found to contain a number of flavonoid glycosides. Dandelion roots and leaves have historically been used to treat liver issues. Additionally, Native Americans used dandelion to treat heartburn, swelling, skin issues, kidney disease, and upset stomach. Research has been conducted to back up the descriptions of taraxacum that have been made so far. Up to doses of 10 g/kg (per oral) and 4 g/kg (intraperitoneal) of dried drug -per kilogramme body weight- in rats and mice, ethanolic extracts demonstrated very low toxicity.

Utilising Inter-Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA, Assess Genetic Variability in Indigenous Medicinal Plant Heart-leaved Moonseed (Tinospora cordifolia)

The Ayurvedic medical system, which uses herbal preparations for its traditional remedies, has been used in India since ancient times. One of the powerful immunomodulators is Tinospora cordifolia, also known as AMRITA, which is credited to this miracle medication for giving its user youth, longevity, and vigour. RAPD has been widely and successfully used to identify several species of medicinally significant plant. The need for research into and protection of therapeutic plant species is growing. The perseverance of the evaluation was to assess the genetic diversity among 10 accessions of T. cordifolia obtained from various districts in Tamil Nadu. Eighteen decamer primers were used in the study. Nine of them had repeatable, different polymorphism patterns in their primers. The DNA recovered from several T. cordifolia accessions exhibited random amplification and various levels of genetic polymorphism was observed. In the sample from Salem district the most genetic polymorphism was found.

Physiochemical and nutritional composition of aonla (Emblica officinalis): A potential functional food for health benefits

Aonla, also known as Indian gooseberry, a traditional fruit that has become increasingly popular due to its high nutritional and therapeutic value. Aonla is a member of the Euphorbeaceae family and is indigenous to China, India, Ceylon, and Malaya. Aonla is known for its high content of polyphenols and vitamin C, and is used in Ayurvedic and Unani medical systems to treat cough and jaundice. The fruit is available from October to January and has a short shelf life. It is typically consumed raw, boiled, or in pickle form, and is also used to make various products, including murrabas, juice, jam, cheese, candy, powder, and chutney. The paper highlights the various physicochemical parameters of Aonla that play a critical role in the processing and preservation of this valuable fruit.

Phytosphere management for enhancing root yield and quality in a highly traded medicinal plant Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC.

Phytosphere management studies for Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., an essential herbal remedy used in the Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Unani medical systems, were carried out at AICRP on MAP and B, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University. Treatments for standardizing shade requirements were 25% shade, 50% shade, 75% shade, and completely open growing conditions. The organic manuring treatments included basal application of FYM @ 10 t/ha, FYM @15 t/ha, vermicompost (to supply N equivalent to FYM 10 t/ha), vermicompost (to supply N equivalent to FYM 15 t/ha), coir pith compost (to supply N equivalent to FYM 10 t/ha), coir pith compost (to supply N equivalent to FYM 15 t/ha) and absolute control. Under 75% shade, the highest root production of 7589 kg/ha was observed. The lowest root yield was produced in the open condition (49% lower than the treatment with the highest yield). According to the findings, D. gangeticum could be used as a component in agroforestry systems with a high shade intensity. The root yields were comparable under 50 and 25% shaded conditions. The basal application of farm yard manure at 10 or 15 t/ha produced the highest root yield and total alkaloid content among organic manures. After two years of the experiment, the soil nutrient status revealed a decrease in the amounts of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to the starting level. The absolute control showed the most significant nutrient depletion, emphasizing the importance of providing crops with manures or fertilizers.

ORAL HEALTH PROTECTION THROUGH AN AYURVEDA POLY HERBAL FORMULATION- AN IN VITRO STUDY

Introduction: Natural medicines prescribed by the traditional Ayurvedic medical system of Sri Lanka have been extensively used to treat and prevent oral diseases.Objective: Here, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of Ayurveda polyherbal formulation, mentioned in authentic text as Gandusha (mouth wash) consisting of Jasminum officinale leaves, Terminalia chebula fruits, Tinospora cordifolia stem, Desmodium triflorum whole plant and Glycyrrhiza glabra roots.Methods: Anti-microbial susceptibility of the poly herbal preparation against common oral pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis) was tested using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory (MIC) was expressed in mg of freeze-dried extract per millilitres of agar solution.Results: The plant extract has considerable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The lowest MIC of 250mg/ml was shown against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusions: The polyherbal formulation is effective in mitigating the bacterial growth and hence enhance the oral health protection.

Adhatoda vasica: A Critical Review and Assessment of Its Future in Herbal Medicine

Medicinal plants have been used to heal a vast range of human ailments and even to preventdiseases over thousands of years. The contribution of such natural elements also promotesthe development of a declining slope in terms of epidemiological records for a particular.Adhatoda vasica is a very important medicinal plant that is extensively used in the Ayurvedicmedical system. It has been used to treat bronchodilator problems for centuries. The biologicalproperties of this plant are due to the active chemicals produced by it. The observations arequite encouraging, indicating that this plant should be further investigated and revealed in orderto acquire some medicinal benefits.

Natural product-based pharmacological studies for neurological disorders.

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders and diseases are expected to rise sharply in the coming years, partly because of the world's aging population. Medicines for the treatment of the CNS have not been successfully made. Inadequate knowledge about the brain, pharmacokinetic and dynamic errors in preclinical studies, challenges with clinical trial design, complexity and variety of human brain illnesses, and variations in species are some potential scenarios. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are multifaceted and lack identifiable etiological components, and the drugs developed to treat them did not meet the requirements of those who anticipated treatments. Therefore, there is a great demand for safe and effective natural therapeutic adjuvants. For the treatment of NDDs and other memory-related problems, many herbal and natural items have been used in the Ayurvedic medical system. Anxiety, depression, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases (AD), as well as a plethora of other neuropsychiatric disorders, may benefit from the use of plant and food-derived chemicals that have antidepressant or antiepileptic properties. We have summarized the present level of knowledge about natural products based on topological evidence, bioinformatics analysis, and translational research in this review. We have also highlighted some clinical research or investigation that will help us select natural products for the treatment of neurological conditions. In the present review, we have explored the potential efficacy of phytoconstituents against neurological diseases. Various evidence-based studies and extensive recent investigations have been included, which will help pharmacologists reduce the progression of neuronal disease.