Ayurvedic Formulation Research Articles

Bone healing efficacy of Lakshagrishtiksheeradi churna over Calcium +Vit D3 in Avrana Kanda Bhagna (Closed fractures of long bones) - A Randomized controlled clinical trial

Background: Delayed bone healing or non-union of fractures owns high rate of complications, morbidity and mortality. It possesses enormous burden to both patients and healthcare system. Till now there is no proven molecule which could enhance the process of bone healing. Hence, time tested Lakshagrishtiksheeradi churna, an Ayurvedic formulation is explored for its efficacy in the management of Avrana Kanda Bhagna. Objective: To Evaluate Bone healing efficacy of Lakshagrishtiksheeradi churna in Avrana Kanda Bhagna. Methods: Total 30 patients meeting the inclusion criteria of Avrana Kanda Bhagna, with age group 14-50 years participated in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received Lakshagrishtiksheeradi churna 6 grams and group B Tab Calcium 500 mg +VitD3 respectively twice a day for 30days. Assessments were done through various variables like Pain, Tenderness, Swelling and Bone callus index. Follow up visit was on 30th day and 45th day. Results: Study showed that both Lakshagrishtiksheeradi churna and Calcium + Vit D3 produced improvement in most of the variables and were comparable. However, marked improvements were seen in various variables like Pain, Tenderness, Swelling and Bone callus Index. Conclusion: Clinical efficacy showed that Lakshagrishtiksheeradi churna is safe, effective oral medication in the management of Avrana Kanda Bhagna (Closed Fractures of long bones).

Management of albuminuria and dysuria through Ayurveda interventions in a patient with crossed renal ectopia

Albuminuria is one of the most typical symptoms when there are derangements in the kidney functions, which may damage the kidney’s functional units, that is, nephrons. This study presents a case of a patient suffering from albuminuria who was diagnosed with crossed renal ectopia, that is, fused right kidney to the left side. A 61-year-old male patients suffered from generalized body weakness, proteinuria, disturbed sleep, and dysuria. Because of dysuria, the patient needed catheterization every fortnight. The patient had no history of addiction to smoking and alcohol. The patient had no history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or systemic disease except pulmonary tuberculosis 30 years back. The kidney function test, urine routine, and microscopy examination revealed albuminuria, the presence of bacteria, and elevated serum uric acid level. Crossed renal ectopia was diagnosed through a computed tomography examination. From an Ayurveda perspective, the diagnosis of Kaphaja Meha was based on the patient’s complaints, such as increased frequency of micturition and hazy/turbid urine. The treatment plan was made according to the management of Kaphaja Meha. Chandraprabha Vati, Punarnava Asava, Punarnava capsule, and SG syrup—an Ayurvedic formulation, were prescribed along with the dietary regimen. Follow-up was done seven times within 9 months. The medications and dose were altered according to the patient’s condition. The patient’s condition improved symptomatically. After the Ayurvedic intervention for 9 months and 23 days, albumin was absent in urine; serum uric acid became 4.90 mg/dL, and the glomerular filtration rate increased to 88/mL/min/1.73 m2. The patient had normal urination without needing catheterization. The case study results indicate that Ayurveda interventions can manage albuminuria and dysuria in patients with crossed renal ectopia.

Ethnopharmacology and Phytochemistry of Selected Species of Boerhavia Occurring in India: A Review

Background: The plant species belonging to the genus Boerhavia (Nyctaginaceae) have been used extensively in ethnomedicine and Ayurveda in India. Rakta punarnava and Sveta punarnava are two of the species mentioned in various Ayurvedic formulations. Other species of Boerhavia, though not found in the Indian system of medicine, do hold importance in ethnomedicine systems in India and other countries. Objective: Boerhavia, a polymorphic genus, has been treated as a single genus encompassing species belonging to a morphologically related genus, Commicarpus. Owing to this taxonomic quandary with regard to the merger or separation of the two genera by different workers, there are different reports on the number of species belonging to this genus. This has further resulted in flawed reporting of ethnomedicinal as well as ethnopharmacological studies. The present review focuses on resolving any confusion regarding taxonomic treatment and highlighting the ethnomedicinal uses supported by ethnopharmacological data and the phytochemistry of Boerhavia and Commicarpus species found in India. Conclusion: In India, four species of Boerhavia and two species belonging to Commicarpus are found. The literature survey revealed that except for B. diffusa, no other species of Boerhavia has been explored in detail. This presents an opportunity to conduct research on Boerhavia species and find new phytochemicals with promising therapeutic effects.

Preparation and preliminary physicochemical profile of Kaphaketu rasa

Introduction: Kaphaketu Rasa (KKR) is a classical herbomineral formulation mentioned for the treatment of deranged Kapha (~Dosha responsible for regulating body fluids and keeping the body constituents cohesive). It is made-up of Shuddha tankana (processed Borax), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Shankha bhasma (incinerated conch shell), Shuddha vatsanabha (Aconitum chasmanthum Stapf ex Holmes). Though, an important formulation, no published data is available till date. Herein, an attempt has been made to develop the preliminary profiles by following standard methods. Materials and Methods: KKR was manufactured by following the methods mentioned at Ayurvedic Formulary of India. The individual ingredients were processed and mixed thoroughly, levigated with the juice of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc). The preliminary analytical profile was developed by following the standard methods mentioned in respective volumes of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Results: About 41.9% increase in the yield was noticed in the manufacturing of KKR. The High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography profile of KKR revealed eight bands at 254 nm. X-ray diffraction showed calcite (CaCO3) as a major compound with an amorphous shape and structure. Inductive coupled plasmaoptical emission spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of mercury (1.05 mg/kg), lead (2.17 mg/kg), arsenic (3.43 mg/kg), calcium (9549.75 mg/kg), and cadmium (0.03 mg/kg). Conclusion: The preliminary profile developed can be considered as baseline data for future studies.

Phytochemical cocktail of Asanadi ganaextract in the management of diabetes.

It is of interest to investigate that the phytochemical analysis, in-vitro antioxidant potential and glycosidase inhibitory potential of Asanadi ganaa polyherbal formulation. Asanadi ganais a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation, markedly used for alleviation of Prameha and Medodosha, which correlates in many ways with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus (madhumeha). The phytochemical constituents, total phenolic, total flavonoids, total tannin content, total antioxidant capacity, total reducing power, and free radical scavenging activity of the polyherbal formulation extracts were determined. Comparing it to the common medication Acarbose, its inhibitory impact against the digestive enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase was also examined. The formulation showed the presence of major constituents such as terpenoids, triterpenoids, sterols, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic, saponins, alkaloids and Glycosides. The ethanol extract had high phenolic content and flavonoid content, whereas the aqueous extract had more tannin content (181 ± 5.5µg/mg), (132 ± 5.50 µg/mg), (22± 1.6 µg/mg respectively. we conclude that the extracts of ayurvedic polyherbal formulations, particularly ethanol extract are a potential source of natural antioxidants and remarkable glycosidase inhibitory activity. Hence, Asanadi ganahas the potential to be a safe and effective natural treatment for the delay or prevention of diabetic complications.

In-vivo studies to determine Hair Growth Potential of Poly Herbal Medicated Hair Oil in Female Swiss Albino Mice

Hair loss is one of biggest problem of today’s human life throughout World. Alopecia, Baldness and hair loss are commonly found in the men as well as in female. Commonly available medicated hair oils in market for the treatment of hair disease are made up with mineral oil, which is proved to be carcinogenic in nature if applied for longer period of time. Hair plays a vital role in the personality of human and for their cure we use lots of cosmetic products. The fading (pigmentation problem), dandruff, alopecia (loss of hair) is the major problem associated with hairs. An Ayurveda is Indian traditional system of Medicine having major treatment across globe. The aim of study is to develop a poly herbal hair oil (PHO) formulation using Azadirachta indica, Rosa sinensis, Muraya koenigii, Lagenaria siceraria, Bacopa monieri, Lawsonia inermis, Eclipta alba, Embelica officinalis, coconut oil and Til oil, for better growth of hair and diminution in loss of hair (alopecia). The oil was prepared according to Ayurvedic Formulary of India and was standardized according to Protocol for Testing Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani Medicines, Government of India. The physico-chemical evaluation was carried out for medicated hair oil. The pharmacological evaluations were performed through Pre-clinical Animal studies for qualitative, quantitative and mean- hair length studies.The statistical results of the study have demonstrated that 5% PHO possessed potent action on hair growth in the Female Swiss albino Mice animal’s model investigates as well as these provide a rationale in favor of its uses inside traditionally drug in favor of utilization in Baldness and other hair growth disorders.

Standardization and Evaluation of Herbal Antihypertensive Sarpagandha (Reserpine) Tablet Formulations

The need for herbal medicines is rising day by day tremendously all over the world. Many pharma industries are nowadays directing their studies on herbal material for their probable therapeutic values. In various scientifi c journals, a growing volume of research publications relied upon plant-based drugs and formulations. Hypertension is an important chronic disorder in economically developed as well as developing countries. According to WHO guidelines, it is necessary to standardize the herbal products that reach patients. Hence, standardizing the herbal antihypertensive formulations is necessary to give safe and eff ective medicines to the patients and society. The herbal antihypertensive formulation was standardized according to Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia and WHO guidelines. Various parameters such as botanical, physicochemical, pharmacological and toxicological were studied. A pharmacological study was carried to screen the selected marketed formulations for hemolytic and antihypertensive activity. The study showed that all formulations pass most of the standardization parameters and can be recommended for human beings. The outcome of present study will support the process of regulatory agencies and help in maintaining the quality of herbal medicines.

Eff ect of Gymnema sylvestre in the Control of Diabetes: A Review

Gymnema sylvestre is a plant of the Asclepiadaceae family that grows worldwide. It is one of the most potent medicinal plants. G. sylvestre leaves are commonly utilised in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.In Indian herbal medicines, it is used as a diuretic drug. The most important active chemical ingredient taken out from the Gymnema plant are gymnemic acids which help prevent glucose absorption. This herb is famous for its antihelmentic, anti-infl ammatory, diuretic and stomach-friendly qualities. Leucoderma, constipation, hemorrhoids, jaundice, cardiopathy, asthma, bronchitis and dyspepsia are said to be treated with this plant. The Gymnema leaves are chewed to reduce the appetite for sweet and bitter items and applied on the aff ected body regions to heal a variety of illnesses. An examination of the literature found that the plant has anti-infl ammatory, anti-obesity, hypolipidaemic, antidiabetic, free radical scavenging and antibacterial properties. According to literature reviews, Gymnema is an extensively used plant for the cure and management of a lot of disorders and is a key constituent in numerous ayurvedic formulations. However, scientists have not made much eff ort to prove its effi cacy. The current review focuses on G. sylvestre’s folk and ayurvedic usage and pharmacognostic, pharmacological and phytochemical research. G. sylvestre may aid weight reduction by reducing sweet cravings and controlling blood sugar levels. This review highlights the plant description, literature and phytochemistry of G. sylvestre. It also talks briefl y about diabetes mellitus and how G. sylvestre can be useful in the treatment of it. We also discuss about the side eff ects and toxicity of it.

An Emerging Approach for Optimization of Cow Ghee as an Ointment Base in Combination With Selected Conventional Bases.

Background Cow gheeis a pure and clean animal fat derived from milk and is often recognized as clarified butter. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine as an excellent base for preparing various formulations due to its ability to penetrate deep tissue and be easily absorbed. Cow ghee possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties, making it beneficial for treating skin-associated problems. When applied externally, ointment bases are semisolid preparations for use on the skin or mucous membranes. They are classified into four categories: Hydrocarbon, Absorption, Water-removable, and Water-soluble. In this study, ointment bases were formulated and evaluated using cow ghee and selected conventional ones. Materials and Methods Ointment bases like Cetostearyl alcohol, stearic acid, glyceryl monostearate, soft white paraffin, soft yellow paraffin, paraffin wax, white beeswax, and wool fat were obtained from SD fine chem manufacturer Ltd., Mumbai. Cow ghee was obtained from the Go Vigyan, Anusandhan Kendra, Nagpur. The ointment bases were prepared using pharmacopeia procedures. Cow ghee was used as a base in the preparation of ointment bases with different concentrations than conventional bases. Stability testing was performed per International Conference on Harmonization(ICH) guidelines and various physicochemical parameters like color, appearance, odor, consistency, pH, Spreadability Extrudability, loss on drying, solubility, and washability. Results The ointment bases formulated using cow ghee in combination with selected conventional ointment bases were found to be stable. They exhibited desirable characteristics like non-greasy, attractive appearance, and suitability for various medications and supporting substances. The cow ghee-based ointment bases also showed good spreadability, extrudability, and solubility, indicating their effectiveness as carriers for active components. Conclusion The study demonstrates the potential of cow ghee as a natural ointment base for the preparation of various Ayurvedic formulations. The ointment bases formulated using cow ghee in combination with conventional ointment bases were stable and exhibited desirable physicochemical properties. Thus, using cow ghee as an ointment base can provide a cost-effective and easily accessible alternative for therapeutic use or as a carrier of active components.

Molecular docking studies of Triphala with catalytic portion of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme

Introduction: Triphala, consisting of three fruits, Phyllanthus emblica L. (Phyllanthaceae), Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. (Combretaceae), and T. chebula Retz, is a well-recognized Ayurvedic herbal formulation, used for various therapeutic purposes, including the treatment of dyslipidemia. Inhibitory activity against 3‑hydroxy‑3‑methylglutaryl‑coenzyme A (HMG‑CoA) reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the endogenous cholesterol synthesis pathway, is an essential target for the management of hypercholesterolemia. This in silico study aimed to investigate the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity of the phytochemical compounds derived from Triphala formulation by employing molecular docking analysis. Methods: Ten phytochemical constituents of Triphala formulation were selectively used for docking study by using the HMG-CoA reductase template (PDB: 1HWK). Docking analysis was performed using AutoDock 4.2. The candidates were ranked by the binding energy parameters. Results: From the docking studies, the phytochemical compounds with HMG-CoA reductase inhibition could be classified into 4 groups, including phytosterols, polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids. Beta-sitosterol exhibited the highest binding affinity to HMG-CoA reductase with a binding energy of -7.75 kcal/mol. Conclusion: These 10 phytochemical compounds in Triphala potentially exert their cholesterol-lowering effects via inhibition against HMG-CoA reductase. Nonetheless, further in vitro and in vivo experiments should be conducted subsequently to confirm this finding.

Preparation and in-vitro and in-vivo Evaluation of Ayurvedic Formulation “Amruthotharam” Formulated by Classical and Modern Technique

Abstract: Glucose intolerance, central obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are all part of the metabolic syndrome. Thus, a number of theories have been put out to explain the development of the metabolic syndrome, including an initial condition of insulin resistance that progressed to the other elements, with obesity serving as the primary initiator of the metabolic syndrome. Thus, it can be understood that metabolic syndrome is multi related and the basic cause is inflammation. Thus, while treating the metabolic syndrome the root cause needs to be targeted and for this the ayurvedic formulation is the best solution. Amruthotharam is one of such preparation which takes care of metabolic syndrome through inflammation. “Amruthotharam” is the combination is known as Kashayam was made from three main herbs whose efficacy in treating indigestion and other stomach-related issues has been demonstrated in several cases. Three parts of Tinospora cordifolia, two parts of Terminalia chebula, and one part of Zingiber officinale are combined to create the mixture. The present study is focusing on the comparisons between the Amruthotharam a kerealian Ayurvedic medicine formulated by classical and modern technique which can be evaluated analytically and pharmacologically. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, Amruthotharam, Immunomodulatory.

An Overview of Triphala Guggulu and its Ingredients

Triphala Guggulu, a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation, is among the most significant and frequently used Guggulu Kalpana. Numerous references for preparing this formulation have been mentioned in various classical texts. It has been discussed under ‘Vranashotha’ and ‘Vidradhi’ rogadhikar in Chakradutt and Yogratnakar respectively. ‘Triphala Guggulu’ presnted in this article is mentioned in the Sharangdhara Samhita under ‘Vati Kalpana’. As the name itself suggests, this preparation contains Triphala and Guggulu as the main ingredient along with Pippali. It contains Guggulu in greater proportion than the other ingredients, much like any other Guggulu Kalpas. Triphala Guggulu is frequently used in the treatment of Shotha, Arsha, Bhagandara, Gulma, Vrana, and other ailments. It can also be used as a hypolipidemic drug on its own or in conjunction with other formulations. Several studies and experiments have also demonstrated its efficacy in atherosclerosis, coronary and arterial plaque, and elevated cholesterol levels in the blood. Thus, this article takes the approach of reviewing the experimental research work done on Triphala Guggulu as well as covers the pharmacological action of its ingredients.

The Action of Ayurvedic Formulations and Nitya Virechana on Vitiligo (Shwitra) – A Case Study

In Ayurveda, skin is described under Kushtha, Charak Samhita explains Shwitra in KushthaChikitsa. Shwitra is found in Charak Samhita, Ashtanghrudaya, Madhavnidan, Bhavprakash, Sharangdhar, and Acharya Sushruta, term it as a Kilas. In the present case, the study patient complains of white-coloured patches with dryness in the affected area. With the help of clinical features, the patient is diagnosed with vitiligo. As per the Ayurvedic treatment principle, both Shodhana and ShamanaChikitsa have been advised to the patient, and without any complication, a significant result has been achieved. Aim of this case is to Achive objectives and study Ayurvedic formulations and Nitya Virechana on Vitiligo . The term Shwitra implies in Sanskrit is Shweta(White), which is present without Kandu and irritation. It is found anywhere on the body; when it presents on the Lips, Buttocks region, it becomes incurable. Vitiligo correlated with Shwitra in Ayurveda. In Vitiligo, there is hypopigmentation occurs. It is described by the eradication of melanocytes present in the basal layer of the epidermis. It is an immune system pathology; thus, treatment likewise stays troublesome; allopathic have only suppressive therapy, not therapeutic, and Ayurvedic medicine has been influential in the beginning phase. In a single case study, a female patient aged 61 yr had white patches on the forehead, hands from the elbow joint, knee joints, and foot area since 2yr. Tridoshaghna, Raktashodhak, Raktaprasadak, and Krimighna drugs are given to patients, which provide a significant result.

Lipid-based ayurvedic formulations of a single herb-Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra): Pharmaceutical standardization, shelf-life estimation and comparative characterization

BackgroundSingle herb Ayurvedic lipid-based formulations of Glycyrrhiza glabra are used as oral, nasal and topical applications for reducing radiotherapy induced side effects in oral cavity cancer patients. These formulations are reported to be de-glycyrrhized, thus minimizing adverse effects of glycyrrhizin on longer consumption. Being a proprietary formulation with specific ratio of herb, lipid and liquid media, there is a need of pharmaceutical standardization and stability study to be conducted for quality control and quality assurance. ObjectiveStandardization of Yashtimadhu Ghrut (YG) and Yashtimadhu Taila (YT) based on pharmaceutical characters, safety tests, chromatographic analysis and stability study. Material and methodsTwo formulations viz., YG and YT were prepared using cow's ghee and sesame oil, respectively. Basic physicochemical analysis, Thin Layer Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography of glabridin and 18-β glycyrrhetinic acid, microbial load and heavy metal analysis were performed. Long term (0,3,6,9,12 months) as well as accelerated (0,3,6 months) stability study was conducted and extrapolated shelf-life was calculated for both the drugs. ResultOrganoleptic and basic physicochemical characters were comparable for both the products while safety parameters were within permissible limits. Extrapolated shelf-life was deduced as 1.74 and 0.67 years for YG and YT, respectively. ConclusionSingle herb- G. glabra based lipid formulations were standardized and monographs were established. Shelf-life, though complying with classical Ayurvedic texts, indicates further research work with respect to pre-treatment of lipids and packaging systems for its enhancement.

Phytochemical screening of an ayurvedic Rasayana formulation: Amlaki rasayana

Amlaki Rasayana is a classical formulation prepared with Amla (Emblica officinalis), Madhu (Honey) and Ghrita (Clarified butter) mentioned in the text Charaka samhita, having the rejuvenative property called Rasayana. This formulation is prepared by a classical procedure called Bhavana, were to the starting Amla powder is subjected repeated additions of Juice from definite quantity Amla with successive drying. After 21 such steps definite quantity of Ghee (Clarified butter) and Honey is mixed to get the final formulation. The analytical methods and protocols developed helps to monitor the entire process operations and finished product Quality assurance.

Nephroprotective Role of Boerhavia diffusa in Renal Disorders: A Review

The herb Boerhavia diffusa (BD) is well-known in the Indian medicinal system. Punarnava is its vernacular name. BD is one of the chief ingredients in ayurvedic formulations used for urinary diseases. In the realm of phytochemistry, the plant has risen to prominence due to its diverse biological activities. Here, we reviewed the scientific literature available on administration of BD for acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, polycystic kidney disease, renal calculi, urinary tract infection, and COVID-19 related kidney disease and we also explored its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The nephroprotective effect of BD has been clearly demonstrated in in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical studies. The in vivo studies have yielded a plethora of data. The most commonly employed extracts were aqueous, hydroalcoholic, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts. Clinical studies have employed polyherbal combinations containing BD extract. Irrespective of the type of BD extract, all studies showed reduction in the key markers of kidney diseases, namely urea, creatinine, BUN, and proteins. It has antifibrotic property reducing the formation of extracelluar collagen deposition in the renal tubules, which is not much explored. The review highlights the importance of further research required in establishing the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of BD. With in-depth molecular research and clinical trials, BD could be developed into a novel therapeutic agent for the successful treatment of renal disorders especially the chronic kidney disease.

Phytochemical screening and standardization of Chiruvilwadi Kashayam: An Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

Chiruvilwadi Kashayam is a polyherbal Classical formulation mentioned in the text book ‘Sahasrayoga’, commonly used for the management of piles, it also cures the associated symptoms like constipation, indigestion, flatulence and anorexia. It is prepared out of six medicinal plants namely Chiruvilwa (Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch.) Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa L.) Pippali (Piper longum L.) Sunti (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica L.) and Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.). Inadequate standardization of polyherbal formulations causes difficulty in validation of the efficacy and maintaining quality of the product. Hence an attempt has been made to standardize the quality parameters of Chiruvilwadi Kashayam by determining the primary qualitative phytochemical, physiochemical parameters and to develop TLC fingerprints. The primary phytochemicals like carbohydrates, sugar, reducing sugar, glycoside, flavonoid, phenol, saponin, alkaloid, tannin and coumarin were found in the kashayam. The data obtained in the present study will help as a reference document to maintain the quality standards of the formulation.

Phytochemical screening and standardization of Chiruvilwadi Kashayam: An Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

Phytochemical screening and standardization of Chiruvilwadi Kashayam: An Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

Investigating the Pharmacognostic and Pharmacological Activities of Azadirachta indica L. through Biochemical Assays

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,2,242-254.DOI:10.5530/pres.15.2.026Published:February 2023Type:Original Article Authors:Mamta Yadav, Smita Mishra, Ritu Tiwari, Bhavna Kumari, Mayank Shukla, Meenakshi Dahiya, Anil Teotia, Varsha Mehra, Vivekanandan Kalaiselvan, and Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi Author(s) affiliations:Mamta Yadav, Smita Mishra*, Ritu Tiwari, Bhavna Kumari, Mayank Shukla, Meenakshi Dahiya, Anil Teotia, Varsha Mehra, Vivekanandan Kalaiselvan, Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA. Abstract:Background: Azadirachta indica L., commonly known as ‘neem’ is a member of the Mahagony family, widely available in Indian sub-continents. Neem tree is popularly known for its vast therapeutic properties such as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, insecticides and pesticides. The plant leaves are commonly used in several Ayurvedic formulations such as ‘kwath’ and ‘churna.’ Due to its high therapeutic value, it is important to standardize and document the quality parameters of the plant leaves. The A. indica leaves were collected, shade dried and pharmacognostic parameters were performed using techniques such as microscopy, physicochemical tests, viz., extractive values, total ash, acid insoluble ash. Apart from this, pharmacological assays for antioxidant, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities were performed. Based on the assays and preliminary phytochemical analysis, best extract was selected for further compound(s) detection by HPLC and HPTLC. Results: Neem methanolic extract was found to possess various phytochemicals compared to hexane extract, the methanolic extract of neem leaves also exhibited excellent antioxidant and antidiabetic activity along with good antimicrobial against gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Through HPLC and HPTLC analysis, presence of rutin hydrate, ellagic acid, and quercetin was observed in the neem leaf methanolic extract. The pharmacognostic tests values were found similar to that of stated in IP-2022. Conclusion: This is one of the first kind of research to provide a comprehensive pharmacognostic profile of leaves of A. indica L. as well as its pharmacological evaluation along with compounds detection by high throughput analysis. Keywords:Antioxidant assay, Azadirachta indica, HPLC, HPTLC., Physicochemical analysis, α-amylase enzyme inhibition assayView:PDF (733.75 KB)

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Standardization and Quantification of Marker Compounds in an Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation Padmakadi Churna

Indian Journal of Natural Products,2022,36,1,24-27.DOI:10.5530/ijnp.2022.1.4Published:February 2023Type:Original ArticleAuthors:Ravichand Meshram, Umakant Sahu, Arun K S Parihar, Prashant K Gupta, and Nagendra Singh Chauhan Author(s) affiliations:Ravichand Meshram1, Umakant Sahu2, Arun K S Parihar2, Prashant K Gupta1,3, Nagendra Singh Chauhan2,* 1Shri Narayan Prasad Awasthi Government Ayurved College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, INDIA. 2Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan Kendra, G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, INDIA. 3Department of Kaumarabhritya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, INDIA. Abstract:The aim of this study was to find out a simple, accurate and sensitive HPTLC method for the detection and quantification of marker molecule Gallic and Piperine in Padmakadi churna for standardization. Ethanolic extraction was performed for analysis. HPTLC was done using gallic acid and Piperine as a standard. The mobile phase was a mixture of Toulene:ethyl acetate:Ethanol:Formic acid (6:3:1:0.3 v/v/v) and detection at 254 nm. The Rf was detected at - 0.39 for Gallic acid and Rf - 0.55 for Piperine was identified in Padmakadi Churna. The simple and sensitive HPTLC method was successfully developed for determination of Gallic acid and Piperine in Padmakadi Churna. The proposed HPTLC method was found to be simple, fast and inexpensive, and can be used for the routine quality control of raw materials. Keywords:Gallic acid, HPTLC, Padmakadi Churna, Physiochemical, Piperine, Standardization.View:PDF (510.58 KB)