Ayurvedic Formulation Research Articles

Pharmacognostical Standardization of Balamulachurna- Root Powder of Sida rhombifolia subsp. retusa (L.) Borssum

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,1,155-162.DOI:10.5530/097484900224Published:December 2022Type:Original ArticleAuthors:Thota Jyostna Kumari, Goli Penchala Prasad, Goli Penchala Pratap, Mohd Kashif Husain, and Padamata Sai Sudhakar Author(s) affiliations:Thota Jyostna Kumari1, Goli Penchala Prasad2, Goli Penchala Pratap3,*, Mohd Kashif Husain3, Padamata Sai Sudhakar1 1Dr. NRS Govt. Ayurvedic Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA. 2National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA. 3Survey of Medicinal Plants Unit, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA. Abstract:Background: Ksheerabala tailam is well known Ayurvedic herbal formulation which is used in inflammations, pains and neurological disorders. The primary botanical source for Ksheerabala tailam is Balamulachurna. The literature refers to Balamulachurna as either of the root powders of Sida cordifolia, Sida acuta, Sida cordata or Sida rhombifolia subsp. retusa. To accomplish the clinical efficacy of Ksheerabala tailam, standardization of Balamulachurna is necessary. Objectives: The study is aimed to establish pharmacognostic standards of Balamulachurna with respect to Sida rhombifolia subsp. retusa root powder. Materials and Methods: Pharmacognostical standardization was carried out by focusing on organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, preliminary phytochemical evaluation, heavy metal assessments, fluorescence and HPTLC studies. Results: The roots macroscopic features were noticed as; an elongated taproot with few lateral roots, thick, woody, brown-coloured and bitter to taste. Organoleptic characteristics revealed the nature of the root powder as cream in colour with a pleasant odour and slightly bitter taste. The powder microscopic study specified the presence of fibres, fibre–sclereids, tracheids, vessel elements and calcium oxalate crystals. Physicochemical studies assessed total ash (7.5%), water-soluble ash (4.46%), alkalinity of water-soluble ash (0.4 ml) and acid-insoluble ash (3.3%). The preliminary phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and quinones. The HPTLC analyses exhibited various Rf values with the diversity of multiple phytoconstituents. Conclusion: The scientific data generated by the study is beneficial for adequately identifying and establishing standards for using Sida rhombifolia subsp. retusa as a primary drug for maintaining the quality and purity of the Ksheerabala tailam, an Ayurvedic formulation. Keywords:Balamulachurna, Ksheerabala tailam, Pharmacognosy, Sida rhombifolia subsp. retusa, StandardizationView:PDF (594.85 KB)

Assessment of Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha)

Withania somnifera L. (Dunal), a member of the Solanaceae family, has been used by Ayurvedicpractitioners for thousands of years. The root of Withania somnifera contains flavonoids,alkaloids, steroids, and other useful functional components. It contains a high concentration ofbioreactors, or secondary metabolites, such as steroidal lactones, alkaloids, and flavonoids, all ofwhich have beneficial properties and are used in ninety Ayurvedic formulations. Ashwagandhahas long been recognized as a potent rejuvenator, general health tonic, and treatment for awide range of ailments. It is a sedative, diuretic, and anti-inflammatory herb that is well knownfor increasing energy and endurance while also acting as an adaptogen with high immunestimulatory and anti-stress properties. Ashwagandha is used to treat colds, cough, emaciation,diabetes, conjunctivitis, epilepsy, insomnia, senile dementia, leprosy, Parkinson’s disease,mental disorders, rheumatic, arthritis, intestinal infections, bronchitis, asthma, impotence, andalso used as HIV/AIDS suppressant. According to the Indian Herbal System, ashwagandha isone of the most important herbs and the best adaptogenic (Ayurveda). Withanolide is made upof steroidal molecules that are supposed to help with inflammation. Ashwagandha boosts theimmune system, reduces inflammation, improves cognition, and promotes overall health andwell-being. Ashwagandha is a shrub that promotes bone marrow and sperm production, as wellas acting as an anti-aging. By using the agar well diffusion method, the antibacterial activity ofdifferent solvent extracts of Withania somnifera stem was assessed against the gram-negativebacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. When testedagainst several test microorganisms, all of the extracts showed strong antibacterial activity. E.coli was the investigation’s most vulnerable bacterium, and all of the plant extracts displayedzones of inhibition when used against it. The methanol extract of W. somnifera stem and leafhad the strongest antibacterial effect against E.coli, followed by S. aureus and Pseudomonas.All bacterial strains were least inhibited by DH2O extract. The MIC of the extracts that wererecorded ranged from 8 mm to 26 mm. In the current experiment, methanol extract had thelowest MIC value (8 mm) against S. aureus and Pseudomonas. Different phytochemicals werefound in different extracts of Withania according to qualitative phytochemical analysis. Severalstudies have found that Ashwagandha has anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties. It has asignificantly greater steroidal than hydrocortisone, which is a typical cancer treatment.

PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT OF SNUHI KSHARA OF UPAVISHA SNUHI (EUPHORBIA NERIIFOLIA LINN.)

In Ayurveda, substances of natural origin, including whole plant or their parts, animal parts and minerals, are used for drug formulations alone or in combination. Kshara, one such formulation, is an alkaline preparation used since ancient times to cure many external and internal diseases. Rasatarangini and Ayurveda Sara Sangraha have described Snuhi kshara, a single drug formulation of Upavisha Snuhi (Euphorbia neriifolia Linn.), which possesses udaravinashana, vanhidipana, shophanashana etc. properties. As market preparation of the formulation was unavailable, revalidation of standardization of herbal formulation is essential for its quality and purity. Thus, an attempt has been made to formulate Snuhi kshara. The present study evaluates the Standard Manufacturing Process and analytical profile of Snuhi kshara by comparing two batches of Snuhi kshara. Snuhi kshara was prepared according to Sharangdhara Samhita, and the analytical profile was evaluated as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India by organoleptic, physicochemical and thin layer chromatography parameters. The study's findings may enrich referential information on Snuhi kshara preparation and its analytical assessment.

AYURVEDIC APPROACH FOR MANAGEMENT OF ASRIGDARA: A CASE STUDY

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a broad term that describes irregularities in the menstrual cycle involving frequency, regularity, duration, and flow volume outside pregnancy. The symptoms of Asrigdara, which are expatiated in Ayurveda, are closely similar to that of abnormal uterine bleeding. The approach mode through oral treatment acts as aamapachaka, vatapitta shamaka, agnivardhak, stambhaka, and soolahara. So Ashokarishta, Chandraprabha vati, Avipatikara churna, and Sukumara ghrita were selected to manage the Asrigdara. Method: This is a single case study of a 38-year-old female patient who came with the complaint of increased duration of periods of more than ten days with heavy bleeding and the reduced interval between periods from 2 months. In this case study, palliative management was done with oral Ayurvedic formulations. The main aim of the treatment was to minimize cyclic blood loss with regularization of the cycle and to improve the patient's general condition. Result: There was a reduction in bleeding and duration of menstrual flow without clots, and the patient remained entirely asymptomatic on observation during follow-ups.

Critical Analysis of Kanaka Taila in Vyanga

A blemish free, even-toned skin is typically linked with healthy skin. Vyanga is one of diseases of skin that reduces the aesthetic worth of face to an extent. It is characterized by the presence of Niruja (painless), Tanu (light) and Shyava varna mandala (bluish black patches) on face. Although it is not a serious illness but it causes skin discoloration which stays on the face for a long time. In the era of competition, appearance of an individual gives self-confidence and linked with social status. On the contrary, Vyanga impact on individual’s psychological state and social relationship. The disease Vyanga can be correlated with hyperpigmentation with special reference to Melasma. Topical application is additional useful in Twaka Roga (skin disorder) as it directly acts on lesion and simple to use. Kanaka Taila is a classical ayurvedic skin oil formulation described in Chakradatta in the chapter named “Kshudra Roga” indicated in Abhiru, Nilika & Vyanga. It is useful in the treatment of oral diseases and to relieve skin scars and hyperpigmentation on the face. It also has mukhakantikar effect. This article reviews properties of various ingredients of Kanaka Taila which could help address Vyanga and its probable mode of action based on ayurvedic literature.

Critical Review on Brahmi Vati- An Ayurvedic Formulation Effective In Management of Memory Loss

Health is a complete state of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being. When a person is filled with intellect, they will achieve their greatest level of achievement in life. As a result, from the dawn of human civilization, Ayurveda has played a significant role in promoting both individual and societal health. From the prehistoric era, Ayurveda mentions a number of medicines that support human intelligence development. Acharya In the Charaka Chikitsa Rasayana chapter, Charaka mentions a few Medhya Rasayana plants that allow us to have more Medha (intellect), Grahana Sakti (power of perception), Smriti (power of memory), and Agni should be strengthened.(energy of metabolism and digestion), Varna (complexion), and Svara (voice). Medhya Rasayana medicines increase mental abilities and mental performance. Through the review of the literature regarding Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) it has been observed that these drugs are potent Medhya (intellect) with the properties as mentioned in this article.

The validated pharmaceutical standard operating procedure and quality control study of the coded polyherbal tablet formulation AYUSH SG-5

In India, Ayurvedic medicine has its own significance and dominance in the Indian Medicine System. The traditional medicine system of India is not well renowned due to the lack of standardization of herbal drugs. To assess the quality, purity, efficacy, potency, and safety of herbal drugs, standardization is the major aspect. Recently, World Health Organization (WHO) and European Medicines Agency (EMEA) have issued guidelines for the quality control of herbal drugs. The aim of the present study is the standardization of the coded polyherbal tablet formulation AYUSH SG-5. A scientific methodology was adopted to perform the standardization parameters like organoleptic parameters, microscopic, macroscopic, physico-chemical analysis, and high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) profiling of AYUSH SG-5. The HPTLC study has exhibited the presence of various phytochemicals such as 6-gingerol in Sunthi ( Zingiber officinale rhizomes), Epicatechin in Vetas (stem bark of Salix alba ), Colchicine in Suranjan ( Colchicum luteum corms), Resveratrol in Chopchini ( Smilax china tuber), Guggulsterone E & Z in Guggul ( Commiphora wightii resin). Based on the results of the present study, a monograph was proposed in the interests of quality control of the AYUSH SG-5. This research will help pharmacists to develop the formulation of AYUSH SG-5 with greater reproducibility and this document could be treated as a pharmaceutical standard operating procedure (SOP) for the production of AYUSH SG-5 in pharmacy. • A polyherbal ayurvedic tablet formulation AYUSH SG-5 for rheumatoid arthritis is prepared. • A scientific methodology was adopted to perform the standardization of AYUSH SG-5. • Organoleptic parameters, microscopic, macroscopic studies performed as per API. • Physico-chemical tests and HPTLC profiling of AYUSH SG-5 was performed. • In HPTLC study, marker compounds like 6-gingirol, Epicatechin, Colchicine, Resveratrol, guggulsterol E & Z in Guggul were identified. • A validated SOP was purposed for preparation and standardization of AYUSH SG-5.

Development of a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the standardization of an Ayurvedic formulation using berberine and ursolic acid

Development of a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the standardization of an Ayurvedic formulation using berberine and ursolic acid

Evaluation of efficacy of Ayurvedic formulation Tulha tablets in patients suffering from menstrual irregularities

Evaluation of efficacy of Ayurvedic formulation Tulha tablets in patients suffering from menstrual irregularities

A review on ayurvedic management of Sandhivata with respect to Osteoarthritis

Sandhivata (osteoarthritis), a degenerative disorder of the joints especially affecting weight bearing joints like knee joint, elbow joint etc. results in painful and restricted movement of the affected joint. Old age, malnutrition, obesity, working pattern, etc. are the contributing factors for manifestation of Sandhivata. Sandhivata has been mentioned in Ayurved under title of Vata Vyadhi. Various Ayurvedic formulations like Kwatha, Guggulu Kalpana, Ghreeta, Taila, Gutika, Rasa Aushadhi and Panchakarma procedures like, Abhyanaga, Swedana, Basti, Janubasti, Rasayana therapy, Agnikarma have been mentioned in classics for treatment of Sandhivata. Use of these various formulations and treatment modalities, considering Vikara Prakruti, Vikara Adhisthana and Vikara Sammutthana can provide expected results in such joint deteriorating condition. An attempt has been done to review various formulations mentioned in Ayurveda classics for treatment of Sandhivata and tried to establish the guideline for rational use of these treatment modalities in specific pathological condition of Sandhivata, which may be useful for clinician and researcher for their clinical practice and future research plan respectively.

Triphala: Its pharmacological values and new perspectives

Medicinal plants, with tremendous elementary and therapeutic importance, are the gift to humanity. Triphala is widely used in the traditional Indian system of medicine. It's an antioxidant-rich polyherbal formulation and possesses diverse beneficial properties. It's necessary to corroborate the consistency of blending or combining in attribute balance. As per Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI) it's prepared by combining a 1:1:1 mixing of ground dry fruits, called as myrobalans. It shows immune modulatory properties and helps in improving the body's weaponry. Recent studies suggest that triphala possesses anti-mutagenic, radio protecting and antioxidant activity and beneficial in diseases conditions. However, serious efforts are required in systemic research to spot, isolate and evaluate the chemical constituents for nutritional and therapeutic potentials.

Immunostimulatory activity of a novel ayurvedic propriety formulation based on extracts of herbs used in chyavanprash

Ethnopharmacological relevanceChyavanprash is an ayurvedic formulation, a Rasayana known to promote overall well-being, immunity, and vitality. It contains powerful antioxidants, good hepatoprotective and immunomodulating agents. Chyavanprash is also known to protect and strengthen respiratory health, thereby providing immunity against respiratory infections. A novel ayurvedic proprietary formulation (based on the aqueous extracts of herbs used in Chyavanprash) was developed to offer a differential taste experience and deliver a standardized quality for health benefits. The immune-stimulatory role of these extracts and the underlying mechanistic evidence had to be studied. Aim of the studyThe goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and prophylactic efficacy of the test product based on extracts of herbs used in Chyavanprash in a preclinical study. Material and methodsThe test product was studied to evaluate acute toxicity and prophylactic efficacy in influenza-like virus (HCoV-229E)-infected mice model for viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) load estimation in lung tissues. Immunophenotyping of B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and T cell subpopulations were assessed. Cytokines immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were also evaluated in serum samples. Two doses of the test product, 1,000 mg/kg body weight and 500 mg/kg body weight against the disease and normal control were studied. Quality control of the test product was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with gallic acid and ascorbic acid as marker compounds. ResultsAt a dose of 1,000 mg/kg body weight, the test product showed a 99.79% reduction in viral RNA load in lung tissues and a significant 2-fold increase in B cells, i.e., 19.89 ± 0.25% cells vs. 9.46 ± 1.67% in disease control (p <0.01). A significant change with increase in IgG, IgM and a decrease in IL-6, TNF-α was observed in both the test groups as compared with disease control. Mast cell degranulation in rat mesenteric bits, preincubated with test product 250 µg/mL concentration showed a 76.7% protection against compound 48/80 treatment. The product was safe even at the highest tested dose (5 g/kg body weight) in the acute toxicity study. ConclusionThis study proves that the formulation with extract of herbs used in Chyavanprash contains phytocompounds, which could be potential immunomodulatory agents that provide immunity and protection against allergies.

Effect of Ayurvedic oral medication and Panchakarma therapy in Gridhrasi (Sciatica) - A Case Report

Gridhrasi is one among eighty diseases of Vata. Here Gridhra refers to vulture and typical walking style is acquired in Gridhrasi. Here typical gait refers to slight tilt towards the affected part of body. The clinical features of Gridhrasi is low back pain which is radiating to the hip, the back of thighs and down to leg. It can be correlated to Sciatica. Sciatica is the painful condition in which pain starts in the lumbar area and radiates along the course of the sciatic nerve. For present study, we have reported 38 years old male patient having symptoms since 15 days. Before treatment, patient was unable to walk even 4 to 5 steps, Visual Analogue Scale score was 10, range of motion was restricted and painful, his SLR test was positive at 150 of right side and 30°of left side. The aim of study is to evaluate the effect of Ayurvedic treatment protocol in Gridhrasi. Shamana (pacification), Shodhana (purification) was the main treatment modalities planned in this patient. Ksheera Basti was main line of treatment planned. After 52 days of treatment he was able to walk up to 500 meters without any difficulty, Visual Analogue Scale score changed to 2, was able to move the leg with minimal pain and SLR test was changed to 60° on both sides. Patient got 80% relief from pain. This article highlights a case study treated with simple Ayurvedic formulations and Ksheera Basti which is helpful in reducing the symptoms and stopping the recurrence of the disease. The results with rationality have been depicted in this article.

Development of Fingerprinting Method for Estimation Glycyrrhizinic acid in Ayurvedic formulation Eladi Gutika: A HPTLC approach

Eladi gutika is official in Ayurvedic formulary of India and used as a remedy for Kasa (Cough), Svasa (Asthma), Bhrama (Vertigo), Raktapitta (Bleeding disorders), Jvara (Fever), Amvata (Rheumatism) etc. The present paper is an effort to develop the routine fingerprinting method for quality control parameter of Eladi gutika by high performance thin layer chromatography using glycyrrhizinic acid as an internal standard. The HPTLC estimation was carried out with three laboratory batches and one marketed formulation Eladi gutika and crude drug containing glycyrrhizinic acid. The concentration of glycyrrhizinic acid present in raw material was found to be 8.2201±0.497w/w in G. glabra and in three identical laboratory batch of Eladi gutika EG-I, EG -II and EG -III, was found to be 1.4945 ± 0.293, 1.4963 ± 0.763%, 1.4944± 0.864w/w respectively. The glycyrrhizinic acid content in all the three different batches is found to be in close proximities with each other. The results were comparable to marketed formulations. Hence the present method is simple, sensitive, precise and accurate and can be adopted for routine fingerprinting method for quality control of Eladi gutika.

Characterization of green route synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Cyperus rotundus rhizome extract: Antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer and photocatalytic potential

Cyperus rotundus rhizome has been employed in traditional Chinese and Indian Ayurvedic herbal formulations. Green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles has gained significant attention due to its economic, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and eco-friendliness. The current study confirmed the biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) by an ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrum of 353 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that bioactive functional groups served as reducing and stabilizing agents for ZnONPs. Further, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns showed crystalline nature with a hexagonal phase and strongly correlated with JCPDS file number 36-1451. The electron microscopic studies revealed irregular spherical particles with a size range of 17–100 nm and EDAX analysis validated the crystalline purity of ZnONPs. The average size of the ZnONPs determined by dynamic light scattering was 95.89 nm and the zeta potential was −12.1 mV, indicating stability of the particles. Moreover, the ZnONPs exhibited noticeable antioxidant potential by scavenging free radicals on DPPH (59.74%), ABTs (66.35%), nitric oxide (65.75%) and reducing power (63.94%) in a dose-dependent manner. The bacterial cell damages were observed through FESEM, confirming the antibacterial efficacy of ZnONPs. Further, the ZnONPs exhibited remarkable cytotoxic effect (62.34 μg/mL) against breast cancer cells and subsequent fluorescence staining demonstrated apoptotic and necrotic features in damaged cells. The photocatalytic effectiveness of ZnONPs demonstrated increased eco-bioremediation capabilities by degrading crystal violet (80.69%) and methylene blue (88.93%) dyes. Thus, this is the first report on ZnONPs synthesized using C. rotundus could be explored as a promising material for biological and photocatalytic applications.

Microbiological, Pharmacognostical and Pharmaceutical Analysis of Yashtimadhu Taila – A Compound Ayurvedic Formulation

Aim and Objective: Yashtimadhu Taila is a choice of drug given in Chakradatta in the treatment of khalitya (Hair fall). Ayurveda texts describe hair fall under Shirogata Rogas (diseases of head) under the broad heading of Khalitya. In present study attempt has been made to evacuate microbiological and develop pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical standards as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) for Yashtimadhu Taila. Methodology: Preliminary Microbiological studies, Pharmacognostical and Pharmaceutical parameters, High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography has been performed as per Standard method. Result: Microbiological study for Yashtimadhu Taila revealed absence of any microbial contamination under smear and culture study in aerobic atmosphere after 90 days of sample been prepared. The Pharmacognostical study of ingredients of Yashtimadhu Taila showed the Compound starch grains, Cork in surface, Pitted vessel, Rhamboidal crystal, Simple fiber, Sleroides and tannin of Yashtimadhu and Group of scleroids, Lignified scleroids, Parenchyma cells, Scleroids and Starch grains of Amla were found. Pharmaceutical analysis of Yashtimadhu Taila showed that saponification value (mg/g) was 178.7, acid value (%) was 0.488, iodine value (I2 100/g) was 82.91, specific gravity at room temperature was 0.9181 and refractive index was 1.482 respectively etc. and HPTLC at 254 nm resulted into 6 spots and at 366 nm resulted into 15 spots respectively. Conclusion: Standard value from this study can be used for further researches and evaluation of Yashtimadhu Taila helps in Quality control tool for its manufacturing or processing. Analysis through Pharmacognostical and Pharmaceutical shows suitability of drug for Nasya purpose.

Ethnopharmacological review of boswellia serrata for anticancer activity

Boswellic acid is an Ursane group compound belonging to triterpenoids. It is the major constituents of the gum derived from plant Roxb. It belongs to Family Burseraceae. It is also known as and commonly known as the Salai guggal, white guggal, Indian olibanum. is medium-sized tree widely distributed in the India and Africa. B. Serrata is highly medicinal as well as economically potential. Currently, it is has the potential use in various herbal and ayurvedic formulations for the treatment of various disorders which include inflammation and other types of disorders. Since ancient and centuries anti-cancer drugs discovered from herbal medicines have been used in clinical practice. The active constituent of such formulations being vincristine, vinblastine and the camptothecene derivatives, topotecan, irinotecan and etoposide. There is current need for herbal and ethnopharmacological therapeutics to develop the novel anti-cancer drugs which is safe with effective mechanism. The new discoveries of developing combined ingredients from effective traditional formula or single ingredient as per the traditional medicine theory should be focused. This new approach will promote the academic research and the industry development of traditional medicine. This ethnopharmacological review is mainly focused on anticancer activity of

Therapeutic importance of Asava and Arista (Fermentative Formulation) in Ayurveda: A review

The concepts of drug dosing and route of administration of drugs play a vital role in the biological efficacy of drugs. The selection of proper dosage forms and frequency of drug administration are essential for acquiring desired biological effects of drugs. In Ayurveda, the term Kalpana resembles various dosage forms, i.e., liquid, semisolid, and solid. Kalka, Vati, Bhasma, Asava/ Arishta, Kwatha, Churna, etc., are various dosage forms utilized in Ayurveda therapies mainly for internal administration of drugs. Asava and Arista, two important Ayurvedic formulations, have been used for more than 3000 years for the treatment of various diseases. They are effective, palatable, stable, and most importantly, they have no side effects. Arishtas and asavas are self-generated herbal fermentations of traditional Ayurvedic system. They are alcoholic medicaments prepared by allowing the herbal juices or their decoctions to undergo fermentation with added sugars. Arishtas are made with decoctions of herbs in boiling water. Asavas are prepared by fermentation of fresh herbal juices. The formulation prepared by fermentation of decoction is called arishtas, while that prepared without fermentative preparation without decoction is called Asava. Acharya Sarangadhara described the preparation and properties of different Asava and Arista. Baisajyaratnavali, also known as Ayurveda's therapeutic index, mentioned more than 40 Asava and Arista preparations for treating various diseases. This paper aims to document the available information about the different Asava and Arista with their therapeutic applications.

Comparative Standardization Study of Ayurvedic Formulations of Gokshuradi Churna

Background: The knowledge of plant based medicines was gradually developed by the primeval persons and was passed on to generations by trial and error basis without proper scientific evaluation, safety and toxicological studies. The discovery and acceptance of natural therapies in the past decades has been increasing in both developing and developed countries. Consumers buy herbal products without a prescription through online. Thus standardization is required with systematic approach and well-designed methodologies to maintain uniformity between batches during production of herbal products. The present work aims for the comparative standardization of the marketed formulation and two in-house prepared Gokshuradi Churna. It is an ayurvedic formulation prescribed for inflammation, arthritis, and other joint disorders. Gokshuradi Churna consists of powdered mixture of herbal drugs in equal proportions: the fruits of Tribulus terrestris, the fruits of Terminalia chebula, the root of Boerhaavia diffusa, the wood of Cedrus deodara, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, and the bulb of Allium sativum. Materials and Methods: The churna was standardized on the basis of the parameters like organoleptic characters, physical characters, physicochemical properties, phytochemical screening. Results: The parameters studied were within standard limits and the quality of the products were established. The results obtained may be considered as reference standards for developing standard formulation. Conclusion: From preliminary studies, it confirms that In house and marketed formulations of Gokshuradi Churna is safe for therapeutic use. Further studies has to be done to confirm the pharmacological activities of the churna.

Pharmacognostical and Pharmaceutical Analysis of Shirisha Ashwagandhadi Avaleha Yoga – A Compound Ayurvedic Formulation

Aim and Objective: Shirisha Ashawagandhadi Avaleha Yoga is a Anubhuta Yoga given in the treatment of Vataja Pratishyaya. Symptoms of the Allergic Rhinitis can be compared with classical symptoms of Vataja Pratishyaya. In present study attempt has been made to develop pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical standards as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) for Shirisha Ashawagandhadi Avaleha Yoga. Methodology: Pharmacognostical and Pharmaceutical Parameters, High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography has been performed as per Standard method. Result: The diagnostic character of microscopic analysis of Shirisha Ashwagandhadi Avaleha showed the trichome of Vibhitak, deposition of Abharaka (silica) Anullar vessels of Pushkarmula, Fibers of Twaka, Prismatic crystal of Shirisha, Stillate trichom of Kantakari, Microcrystal of Ela, Stone cells of Yesthimadhu, Pitted stone cell of Vibhitaki, Oil lobule of Ashwagandha, Simple Starch grains of Tugakshiri, Black debris of Pippali, Simple and compound Starch grains of Kushtha, Simple and compound Starch grain of Ashwagandha, Epicarp of Ela, Parenchyma cells and Starch grains of Haridra, Tannin cotent of Shirisha, Multicellular trichome of Vasa, Pitted vessels of Yesthimadhu, Stone cells of Shirisha, Scalaryiform vessels of Haridra, Pitted vessels of Vasa, Starch grains of Kantakari. Conclusion: Standard value from this study can be used for further researches and evaluation of Shirisha Ashwagandhadi Avaleha Yoga helps in Quality control tool for its manufacturing or processing.Analysis through Pharmacognostical and Pharmaceutical shows suitability of drug for oral intake.