Awareness Information Research Articles

An advanced cooperative multi-hive drone swarm system for global dynamic multi-source information awareness

With the advancement of unmanned aerial vehicle technology, dynamic monitoring with drones has been widely adopted to enhance multi-source information awareness capabilities. The cooperative strategy among drones still poses a significant challenge. Redundant actions within the drone swarm system can lead to a noticeable decrease in awareness performance. In this work, an advanced cooperative multi-hive drone swarm system is developed, which integrates multiple drones for information awareness and multiple hives for battery replacement. The system response is modeled by a series of discrete system state-action sequence, which follows a parallel system state transition mode. A well-designed simulated annealing-based hybrid algorithm (SA-HA) is developed for system response optimization, of which the simulated annealing process is adopted to coordinate two heuristic operators. To avoid redundant actions, an asynchronous cooperation mechanism (ACM) is proposed to strengthen the collaboration among agents in staggered system time intervals. Computational results indicate that the involvement of ACM can extract more problem-specific knowledge, which makes SA-HA easier to get high-quality system state-action sequences. Through the system redundancy analysis, we found that properly configured drones and hives can achieve high-efficiency global dynamic multi-source information awareness. The proposed system can provide pivotal support for regional situation awareness and analysis.

Communication Channels of Breast Cancer Screening Awareness Campaigns Among Women Presenting for Mammography in Ghana

ObjectiveThe channels and content of communication play an integral role in creating breast cancer screening awareness. Although breast cancer screening awareness campaigns are increasing in Ghana, no study has been conducted to investigate the communication channels used by these campaigns. This study aimed to identify the most effective source of breast cancer screening awareness information among women presenting for mammography in Ghana. MethodsEthical approval was sought before data collection. A cross-sectional quantitative approach was adopted for the study and involved 192 women who visited two mammography centers in October 2020 for mammography screening. A self-administered closed-ended questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out using SPSS version 26. ResultsA total of 192 responses were obtained. Of them, 72 (37.5%) participants had diploma/Higher National Diploma/degree education, with 105 (54.7%) of them being traders or nonprofessionals. All participants had heard of mammography screening and examination before this study. Mass media was the most common source of information on mammography screening (86 [44.8%]), of which radio was the highest subcategory (34 [39.5%]). Moreover, women presenting for mammography in Ghana demonstrated a high level of knowledge of breast cancer screening. DiscussionMass media is the most common source of information on breast cancer screening awareness in Ghana and has the potential to positively impact sensitization programs by reaching out to more women. There is a need to engage the Ghanaian population using mass media and health facilities to maximize the impact of breast cancer screening awareness campaigns.

Menopausal symptoms and the awareness of menopausal-related information in low-income mid-aged women from Guayaquil, Ecuador

Objective To assess menopausal symptoms and determine awareness of menopausal related information in mid-aged women. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which 140 women aged 40 to 60 years from Guayaquil, Ecuador were surveyed with the short 10-item Cervantes Scale (CS-10) and a questionnaire containing personal data and questions assessing awareness of menopause related information. Results The mean age of the sample was 48.0 ± 5.6 years. More than half of surveyed women had low education and non-urban residency, none were on menopausal hormone therapy, 33.6% had hypertension, 35% were postmenopausal, 78.6% had an increased body mass index (overweight/obese) and 92.9% had abdominal obesity (waist > 88 cm). The average CS-10 score was 15.3 ± 9.0 with a median of 14.0. The three most frequent menopausal symptoms were muscle-joint pain (75.0%), changes in skin texture (74.3%) and vaginal dryness (71.4%). Regarding awareness of information related to the menopause, it was found that 98.6% of women had no idea about what the menopause is and the average age of its onset. Interestingly, although 61.4% knew that during the menopause there is weight gain, 57.9% were sedentary. Married, postmenopausal, older and less educated women presented higher mean total CS-10 scores. Contrarily, those with less awareness of menopause related information present lower scores. Conclusion In this low-income mid-aged female sample there was a high rate of non-awareness regarding information related to the menopause, including an unhealthy cardiometabolic profile. There is a need for educational programs aimed to increase awareness in this high-risk population in relation to the surveyed aspects in order to improve their health status and prevent chronic conditions.

Awareness of Side Effects of Corticosteroids among Users and Nonusers in Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT Background: Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory medications that are used to reduce inflammation and inhibit the immune system in a variety of disorders, including allergies, asthma, systemic lupus erythematous, eczema, inflammatory bowel disease, and swollen joints or muscles. The goal of this study was to assess the level of awareness and sources of information about the side effects of corticosteroids among the general population in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia using an electronic questionnaire. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Results: The study included 755 participants from Saudi Arabia (67.3% females and 32.7% males). Around 26.8% reported using corticosteroids, and 73.9% were aware of the side effects of glucocorticoids. Among steroid users (202 participants), the most common conditions were allergies (36.1%), asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (21.8%), and skin diseases (27.7%). The majority of respondents (57.9%) used steroids for less than 2 weeks, and topical application (52.5%) was the most common form. Only 30.7% received information about side effects at the time of prescription. The most reported side effects were truncal obesity, moon face, skin thinning, bruising, and slower wound healing. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of promoting awareness and knowledge regarding the side effects of corticosteroids in Saudi Arabia. While overall awareness levels were relatively satisfactory, specific side effects require further attention in educational efforts.

Nutritional Calorie Labeling and Menu Ordering Practices Among US Adults With Chronic Illnesses.

The relationship between diet and the management of chronic illnesses is well established. However, it is unknown the extent to which people with chronic illnesses pay attention to nutritional information and act upon the information obtained. We evaluated the menu ordering practices of adults with chronic illnesses. We analyzed the 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5 Cycle 2). Our analytic cohort included 3,154 respondents (weighted population size=228,464,822) who answered questions regarding a personal history of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and obesity. They also answered questions about their nutritional habits regarding whether they noticed caloric information at fast-food or sit-down restaurants and how that information influenced their dietary choices. Among respondents with these chronic illnesses, only obese patients were significantly more likely to pay attention to caloric information (OR=1.56; 95%CI: 1.06-2.31). However, noticing the calorie information was not associated with ordering less calories among all categories of respondents with chronic illnesses. US adults with chronic illnesses do not pay sufficient attention to the calorie information of their diet. Furthermore, awareness of the calorie information did not influence their dietary choices. Healthcare professionals should incorporate dietary counseling into the management of chronic illnesses of their patients.

Beyond Chatbot-K: On Large Language Models, “Generative AI,” and Rise of Chatbots—An Introduction

Abstract This essay introduces the history of the “generative AI” paradigm, including its underlying political economy, key technical developments, and sociocultural and environmental effects. In concert with this framing it discusses the articles, thinkpieces, and reviews that make up part 1 of this two-part special issue (along with some of the content for part 2). Although large language models (LLMs) are marketed as scientific wonders, they were not designed to function as either reliable interactive systems or robust tools for supporting human communication or information access. Their development and deployment as commercial tools in a climate of reductive data positivism and underregulated corporate power overturned a long history in which researchers regarded chatbots as “misaligned” affordances for safe or reliable public use. While the technical underpinnings of these much-hyped systems are guarded as proprietary secrets that cannot be shared with researchers, regulators, or the public at large, there is ample evidence to show that their development depends on the expropriation and privatization of human-generated content (much of it under copyright); the expenditure of enormous computing resources (including energy, water, and scarce materials); and the hidden exploitation of armies of human workers whose low-paid and high-stress labor makes “AI” seem more like human “intelligence” or communication. At the same time, the marketing of chatbots propagates a deceptive ideology of “frictionless knowing” that conflates a person's ability to leverage a tool for producing an output with that person's active understanding and awareness of the relevant information or truth claims therein. By contrast, the best digital infrastructures for human writing enable human users by amplifying and concretizing their interactive role in crafting trains of contemplation and rendering this situated experience in shareable form. The essay concludes with reflections on alternative pathways for developing AI—including communicative tools—in the public interest.

Religious voices raised for integral ecology in the European Union

ABSTRACT This article looks at how Europe’s Christian churches seek to have their voices heard in the corridors and debating chambers of the European Union through official consultation mechanisms, as well as through more informal awareness raising, and grass-roots activism. On the EU side, Christian inspiration was present from the outset, though arguably neglected or obscured for long periods of its 70-year existence. As the Union in its most recent incarnation seeks to emphasise the values-based nature of the European integration project, it has renewed its outreach to the cultural ‘holders of value’, with churches being particularly prominent in the dialogue. Among the EU’s current priorities, both in terms of domestic policy and global strategy, the ‘Green Deal’ is centre-stage. In striving for its 27 Member States to be world leaders in integral ecological and human development, the Union has found enthusiastic and like-minded partners in the churches.

Evaluation and Empirical Research on Teachers’ Information Literacy in the Context of Smart Education

The development of smart education has led to the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence with education. It is a prerequisite for teachers to have high information literacy for conducting education and teaching work. This study conducted a questionnaire survey on 412 teachers in a certain area. The results showed that teachers’ information literacy is above the middle level, and there are significant differences in information literacy between teaching experience and educational background. The evaluation showed that information ethics, information awareness, and information application have a significant positive impact on professional development, and information knowledge and information awareness have a positive predictive effect on information ethics.

Flood Insights: Integrating Remote and Social Sensing Data for Flood Exposure, Damage, and Urgent Needs Mapping

The absence of comprehensive situational awareness information poses a significant challenge for humanitarian organizations during their response efforts. We present Flood Insights, an end-to-end system that ingests data from multiple non-traditional data sources such as remote sensing, social sensing, and geospatial data. We employ state-of-the-art natural language processing and computer vision models to identify flood exposure, ground-level damage and flood reports, and most importantly, urgent needs of affected people. We deploy and test the system during a recent real-world catastrophe, the 2022 Pakistan floods, to surface critical situational and damage information at the district level. We validated the system's effectiveness through geographic regression analysis using official ground-truth data, showcasing its strong performance and explanatory power. Moreover, the system was commended by the United Nations Development Programme stationed in Pakistan, as well as local authorities, for pinpointing hard-hit districts and enhancing disaster response.

Development of Design Principles of Group Awareness Tool for Facilitating Computer-supported Collaborative Argumentation

As one of the forms of collaborative learning, collaborative argumentation can improve students’ argumentation skills, promote effective content learning and cultivate critical thinking. Especially in the field of Computer-supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL), such as conflicts between group members, free-riding behavior, and unequal participation occur frequently. At the same time, in the CSCL environment, it is difficult to coordinate one’s actions with other group members’ actions. These problems are mainly caused by learners who cannot obtain group awareness information about accompanying learners and the current group. Therefore, this study according to the previous research, the initial design principles and initial specific guidelines for the group awareness tool were identified. After that, three educational technology experts reviewed the initial design principles and guidelines. The modified specific guidelines were applied to the two-week classroom teaching of 45 first-year students in a class. In addition, a learners’ response survey was conducted on the students who actually participated in the computer-supported collaborative argumentation activities. Finally, the results of questionnaire surveys (n=45) and interviews (n=5) were analyzed, and the final specific guidelines were developed. According to the research results, collaborative argumentation based on group awareness tool solves the problem that general collaborative argumentation activities can’t obtain timely information on the cognitive, behavioral, and social awareness of accompanying learners and the current group study situation. It can continuously maintain their study motivation and promote interaction among learners to improve the quality of computer-supported collaborative learning.

The awareness rate of knowledge of chronic diseases and influencing factors among 4790 adults in anhui province: An online survey using WeChat

ObjectiveTo investigate public awareness about core information regarding chronic diseases and identify factors influencing that awareness among Anhui Province residents, provide a scientific basis for policy-making, and formulate corresponding intervention measures. MethodsFrom March to April 2021, 12 provincial-level representative counties and districts of Anhui province in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance were selected as survey sites, and 4790 residents were recruited for the survey using stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling. Basic details about the study participants were collected and their awareness of core information about major chronic diseases was measured through an online survey using WeChat. ResultsIn 2021, the awareness rate of core information about chronic diseases among residents of Anhui Province was 54.93%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a higher awareness rate was associated with the following factors: non-housework occupations (agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery: OR = 1.309, commercial services and production and transportation: OR = 1.450, institutions, and professional and technical personnel: OR = 1.461), a high education level (high school/junior high school/technical school OR = 1.357, college and above OR = 2.133), and residence in the southern and northern Anhui areas (southern Anhui OR = 1.282, northern Anhui OR = 1.431); whereas in rural areas (by district and country) (OR = 0.863), the awareness rate was low (all P < 0.05). ConclusionsThe awareness rate of core information about chronic diseases among residents of Anhui, China, is low. It is necessary to strengthen awareness about chronic disease prevention and management by targeting specific groups of people in this region.

Disparities Between Teleretinal Imaging Findings and Patient-Reported Diabetic Retinopathy Status and Follow-up Eye Care Interval: A 10-Year Prospective Study.

To assess self-reported awareness of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and concordance of eye examination follow-up compared with findings from concurrent retinal images. We conducted a prospective observational 10-year study of 26,876 consecutive patients with diabetes who underwent retinal imaging during an endocrinology visit. Awareness and concordance were evaluated using questionnaires and retinal imaging. Awareness information and gradable images were available in 25,360 patients (94.3%). Severity of DR by imaging was as follows: no DR (n = 14,317; 56.5%), mild DR (n = 6,805; 26.8%), or vision-threatening DR (vtDR; n = 4,238; 16.7%). In the no, mild, and vtDR groups, 96.7%, 88.5%, and 54.9% of patients, respectively, reported being unaware of any prior DR. When DR was present, reporting no prior DR was associated with shorter diabetes duration, milder DR, last eye examination >1 year before, no dilation, no scheduled appointment, and less specialized provider (all P < 0.001). Among patients with vtDR, 41.2%, 58.1%, and 64.2% did not report being aware of any DR and follow-up was concordant with current DR severity in 66.7%, 41.3%, and 25.4% (P < 0.001) of patients when prior examination was performed by a retinal specialist, nonretinal ophthalmologist, or optometrist (P < 0.001), respectively. Substantial discrepancies exist between DR presence, patient awareness, and concordance of follow-up across all DR severity levels. These discrepancies are present across all eye care provider types, with the magnitude influenced by provider type. Therefore, patient self-report should not be relied upon to reflect DR status. Modification of medical care and education models may be necessary to enhance retention of ophthalmic knowledge in patients with diabetes and ensure accurate communication between all health care providers.

Assessing the performance of Bing Chat artificial intelligence: Dental exams, clinical guidelines, and patients’ frequent questions

ObjectivesBing Chat is a large language model artificial intelligence (AI) with online search and text generating capabilities. This study assessed its performance within the scope of dentistry in: (a) tackling exam questions for dental students, (ii) providing guidelines for dental practitioners, and (iii) answering patients’ frequently asked questions. We discuss the potential of clinical tutoring, common patient communication and impact on academia. MethodsWith the aim of assessing AI's performance in dental exams, Bing Chat was presented with 532 multiple-choice questions and awarded scores based on its answers. In evaluating guidelines for clinicians, a further set of 15 questions, each with 2 follow-up questions on clinical protocols, was presented to the AI. The answers were assessed by 4 reviewers using electronic visual analog scale. In evaluating answers to patients’ frequently asked questions, another list of 15 common questions was included in the session, with respective outputs assessed. ResultsBing Chat correctly answered 383 out of 532 multiple-choice questions in dental exam part, achieving a score of 71.99 %. As for outlining clinical protocols for practitioners, the overall assessment score was 81.05 %. In answering patients’ frequently asked questions, Bing Chat achieved an overall mean score of 83.8 %. The assessments demonstrated low inter-rater reliability. CONCLUSIONSThe overall performance of Bing Chat was above the regularly adopted passing scores, particularly in answering patient's frequently asked questions. The generated content may have biased sources. These results suggest the importance of raising clinicians’ awareness of AI's benefits and risks, as well as timely adaptations of dental education curricula, and safeguarding its use in dentistry and healthcare in general. Clinical significanceBing Chat AI performed above the passing threshold in three categories, and thus demonstrated potential for educational assistance, clinical tutoring, and answering patients’ questions. We recommend popularizing its benefits and risks among students and clinicians, while maintaining awareness of possible false information.

Digital content and reading encouragement initiatives... A vision towards a knowledge society

Perhaps it is enough to read the importance and destiny and consider it a key to knowledge and the achievement of civilized renaissance, as it is the first divine command that came with the faithful revelation of the illiterate prophet, the last of the prophets and messengers. This is indisputable proof that reading outweighs everything of importance and value in life. Therefore, no two disagree that the decisive factor in the present and future life revolves around knowledge, by which the progress and superiority of nations and societies is measured and their arrangement among the developed and less developed countries of the world, since the early nineties of the last century, and with the increasing spread and development of the use of information and communication technology The governments of all countries are actively seeking to pay attention to information management, knowledge production, and civilizational value creation. Of course, the use or consumption of information and the production of knowledge, and the growing interest in the growing awareness of the role of creativity and innovation by using knowledge to add value, come only through the availability of digital content in a way that guarantees availability and rapid access in order to enhance knowledge and cultural openness and create information awareness among generations. At this juncture, the problematic of this research paper emerges in: The nation of Iqra does not read, as it is one of the least countries in the world in demand for reading, which negatively affects its awareness and awareness of achieving the civilizational renaissance, as the main question on which the axes of the paper are based to answer is: • What is the method or the elements through which it is possible for the Arab countries to be a nation of reading in the full sense of the word, and to be able to achieve the civilizational renaissance and progress towards the knowledge society with merit and competence?

Knowledge of Pregnant Women Regarding Premature Birth at the Intermediate Hospital Antenatal Care Clinic in Namibia: A Quantitative Study

Background: The knowledge and information awareness among expectant mothers on the conditions that have adverse outcomes on the pregnancy is crucial. A body of knowledge exist on the knowledge about preterm births among obstetricians, patients, couples, midwives, clinical officers and community health care workers. However, no study exists that assess pregnant women knowledge on the premature births. Methods: The study adopted a quantitative descriptive design. A probability simple random sampling method was used to select the participants. Data collection took place at the study antenatal care clinic. Fifty-five participated in the study and completed the questionnaire in front of the researcher. Competence was based on 50% because, data was collected on the participants of whom some may not have any educational or medical background. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data. Results: The study found n= 49 (89%) participants knowledge competent about pre-term births by obtaining a knowledge score of above 50%. Conclusion: Therefore this, study can conclude that the expectant mother attending antenatal care at Katutura Intermediate hospital have good knowledge about the causes, risks factors, prevention and management of preterm births.

A Spotlight on Menopause in Africa

Background: Menopause is a retrospective diagnosis defined by the World Health Organization as thepermanent cessation of menstruation resulting from the loss of ovarian follicular activity. With morewomen living longer, all those above the age of 50 years will experience menopause, with a smallernumber experiencing this before 40 – 49 years without their knowledge. Menopause contributes tosignificant public health conditions, such as cardiovascular, bone, cognitive, and mental healthconditions. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) is an internationally validated tool for measuring theseverity of menopausal symptoms. The WHO notes a challenge in awareness and access tomenopause-related information and treatment for women and health care providers in most countries.Little is known about the experience of menopause in African women, and the MRS scale has limited usein the Kenyan setting, presenting gaps in research and practice.Objectives: To raise awareness of menopause and test the usability and local context of MRS in theassessment of menopausal symptoms in African women.Methods: 304 of 403 attendees on an urban community health education day voluntarily completed asurvey adapted from the MRS.Results: While 80% of women globally report hot flushes as the commonest symptom, only 41% ofwomen over 50 years if age had hot flushes. The most common symptoms were musculoskeletal painand mood swings at 74.1% and 45.8%, respectively.Conclusion: Work is needed to streamline the use and adaptability of the MRS for Swahili-speakingcountries. More community health awareness, research, and advocacy are needed to address thepublic health concerns arising from menopause in Africa.

Analysis of the awareness rate and correlates of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in elderly in Chinese

Objective: To understand the awareness and influencing factors of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in the elderly population in China. Methods: The study included all participants aged ≥60 from the "13th Five-Year" National Tuberculosis Control Plan end-term assessment in 2020, with 13 706 valid questionnaires obtained. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the awareness rate of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in the elderly. Results: The total awareness rate of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in the elderly aged ≥60 was 78.4%, with the highest for "suspicious symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis" (85.4%) and the lowest for "whether pulmonary tuberculosis can be cured" (65.3%). The complete awareness rate of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in the elderly was 41.3%, and the proportion of those who received tuberculosis health education is 67.6%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that factors associated with low awareness of core information included females (OR=0.93, 95%CI: 0.86-1.00), ages 70- (OR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.84-0.98) and ≥80 (OR=0.77, 95%CI: 0.68-0.87) and minority ethnicity (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.74-0.99). Factors associated with high awareness of core information included educational levels of junior high school (OR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.34-1.58), high school (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.45-1.81), junior college (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.11-1.68), and an undergraduate degree or higher (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.09-2.11), and receiving tuberculosis health education (OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.97-2.27). Conclusions: In 2020, the awareness rate of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in Chinese older adults aged ≥60 was lower than the national planning target. Therefore, there should be an increased focus on health education about tuberculosis for elderly females, those aged ≥70, ethnic minorities, and those with lower education levels.

“A Hunt to Find Anything”: The Complexities of Finding and Sharing Disability-Related Information Among State Agency Staff

State agencies are charged with addressing the service and support needs of residents with and without disabilities. Undertaking this task effectively requires having familiarity with the array of available disability-related resources and programs—both within and beyond one’s own agency. We asked 212 staff from 13 state agencies about their awareness of local disability-related information and resources that could support their stakeholders. We were interested in understanding (a) their familiarity with available community resources impacting multiple areas of people’s lives, (b) their experiences accessing needed information or resources, and (c) the sources of information they find most helpful in their work. State agency staff reported moderate, but mixed, familiarity with resources for supporting an array of valued experiences and key service needs. Years of experience was modestly correlated with degree of familiarity in some areas. In addition, state agency staff considered fellow professionals and internet sources to be useful avenues for addressing disability-related information needs. We offer implications for policy and practice aimed at creating more seamless pathways for information and resource sharing within a state and across the country.

Exploration of the Integrated Training Model for Information Technology Teachers

With the acceleration of the social information process, information awareness and information skills have become the basic qualities of every citizen. The establishment of the training mechanism for scientific and technological innovation talents from the beginning of higher education is insufficient to meet the needs of the development of the times. It is imperative to improve the training of information technology innovation talents and explore a new training model. This paper describes the general situation of the development of education in the field of information technology from a domestic and international perspective. It then analyzes the existing problems, explores new exploration models and implementation suggestions, and puts forward prospects at the end of the paper.

Neural networks in libraries: A new development in bibliographic services

Based on the review of professional literature and selected monitoring of Russian and foreign library websites, the author introduces readers to the Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies for bibliographic services. She focuses on artificial neural networks as one of the most popular AI instruments. In particular, she discusses practical experiences of using AI in bibliographic services and supporting library and information areas, including information indexing. The author provides examples to demonstrate the AI potential for higher quality and performance in bibliographic and user services, e. g. interaction with users through chat bots, advanced bibliographic search, references, personalized information awareness services, etc. The AI instruments including neural networks are also used for metadata extraction and bibliographic records generation. Today, library chat bots and text intellectual analysis systems are the most developed services. The findings of the study demonstrate that AI technologies enable to accomplish user bibliographic services, though not all AI benefits and drawbacks have been revealed yet. The author suggests that expanding AI sphere would enable to improve quality and efficiency of bibliographic services, competences of bibliographers, and to introduce new types and forms of bibliographic services. The article is prepared within the framework of R&amp;D “The model of reference and bibliographic services for the national libraries” (reg. No. 122021800339-7) of the Russian State Library.