Communication Awareness Research Articles

Формально-содержательные характеристики социальной рекламы по формированию настороженного поведения в интернет-коммуникации

As teenagers and young people grow more and more dependent on online communication, they become more psychologically vulnerable to numerous potential threats that thrive on the Internet. Social advertising may help to develop the necessary risk awareness and alert behavior patterns. The article describes six Safe Internet Advertising Campaigns that popularize risk awareness in online communication. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the verbal and visual elements to identify the target audiences. The review covered publications connected with online communication risks, safe behavior, and social advertising campaigns. In terms of structure, the advertising messages included verbal and visual components with a dominant visual element. The title set consisted of a slogan and a headline, with no advertising text. Unsafe contact prevention proved to be the main topic while parents were the main target audience. The metaphor appeared to be the most popular visual stylistic device. The ads appealed to the emotions and motivation of the target audience, i.e., fear, anxiety, failure avoidance, etc. The authors also classified the advertisers, advertising statistics, RAM conductors, and strategies, as well as assessed the potential effectiveness of social advertising campaigns. The article is a summary of experience in using social advertising for developing risk awareness and alert behavior in online environment. It proves that social advertising could be an effective tool in preventing negative consequences of online communication.

Parental expectations and perceptions of augmentative and alternative communication: A Sri Lankan perspective.

Everybody has a right to communicate in any way they can, which includes augmentative and alternative communication. The uptake of augmentative and alternative communication in everyday life may be influenced by awareness, perceptions and acceptance of augmentative and alternative communication by caregivers, family members and the wider society. This study aimed to uncover what parents thought about augmentative and alternative communication in a Global South context. Eleven mothers and five fathers (16 participants) of children with complex communication needs were included. Data were collected using an interview guide from a focus-group discussion and semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using Framework Analysis and from a gender and critical disability theory viewpoint. The key theme found was fear of augmentative and alternative communication stopping the child from learning to speak. The parents wondered if siblings might also use the alternative communication method and stop talking. They worried whether the communication device will negatively highlight their child in society. As parents' views on augmentative and alternative communication influence whether they use it with their child, informing and preparing parents before introducing augmentative and alternative communication to a child and on-going parent training should be considered.

PIMSAB: A Processing-In-Memory System with Spatially-Aware Communication and Bit-Serial-Aware Computation

Bit-serial Processing-In-Memory (PIM) is an attractive paradigm for accelerator architectures, for parallel workloads such as Deep Learning (DL), because of its capability to achieve massive data parallelism at a low area overhead and provide orders-of-magnitude data movement savings by moving computational resources closer to the data. While many PIM architectures have been proposed, improvements are needed in communicating intermediate results to consumer kernels, for communication between tiles at scale, for reduction operations, and for efficiently performing bit-serial operations with constants. We present PIMSAB, a scalable architecture that provides a spatially aware communication network for efficient intra-tile and inter-tile data movement and provides efficient computation support for generally inefficient bit-serial compute patterns. Our architecture consists of a massive hierarchical array of compute-enabled SRAMs (CRAMs), which is codesigned with a compiler to achieve high utilization. The key novelties of our architecture are (1) in providing efficient support for spatially aware communication by providing local H-tree network for reductions, by adding explicit hardware for shuffling operands, and by deploying systolic broadcasting, as well as (2) by taking advantage of the divisible nature of bit-serial computations through adaptive precision and efficient handling of constant operations. These innovations are integrated into a tensor expressions-based programming framework (including a compiler for easy programmability) that enables simple programmer control of optimizations for mapping programs into massively parallel binaries for millions of PIM processing elements. When compared against a similarly provisioned modern Tensor Core GPU (NVIDIA A100), across common DL kernels and end-to-end DL networks (Resnet18 and BERT), PIMSAB outperforms the GPU by 4.80×, and reduces energy by 3.76×. We compare PIMSAB with similarly provisioned state-of-the-art SRAM PIM (Duality Cache) and DRAM PIM (SIMDRAM), and observe a speedup of 3.7× and 3.88×, respectively.

Research on an Algorithm for High-Speed Train Positioning and Speed Measurement Based on Orthogonal Time Frequency Space Modulation and Integrated Sensing and Communication

The Doppler effect caused by the rapid movement of high-speed rail services has a great impact on the accuracy of train positioning and speed measurement. Existing train positioning algorithms require a large number of trackside equipment and sensors, resulting in high construction and maintenance costs. Aiming to solve the above two problems, this article proposes a train positioning algorithm based on orthogonal time–frequency space (OTFS) modulation and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). Firstly, based on the OTFS, the positioning and speed measurement architecture of communication awareness integration is constructed. Secondly, a two-stage estimation (TSE) algorithm is proposed to estimate the delay Doppler parameters of HST. In the first stage, a low-complexity coarse grid search is used, and in the second stage, a refined off-grid search is used to obtain the delay Doppler parameters. Then, the time difference of arrival/frequency difference of arrival (TDOA/FDOA) algorithm based on multiple base stations is used to locate the target, the weighted least square method is used to calculate the location, and the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) for positioning and speed measurement is derived. The simulation results demonstrate that, compared to GNSS/INS and OFDM radars, the algorithm exhibits enhanced positioning and speed measurement accuracy.

Navigating the Skies: The Aviation Industry’s Corporate Social Responsibility Communication for Human Trafficking Awareness

ABSTRACT Corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication has not yet fully explored the issue of human trafficking, especially not specifically in the aviation industry. The present study examines Group III mainline passenger airlines in the United States to understand how those airlines communicate their CSR efforts related to human trafficking as well as how those airlines engaged with stakeholders in this work. Using a six-phase thematic analysis approach, the analysis of airline CSR communication revealed that 7 of 10 airlines used a human rights lens to frame human trafficking, that human trafficking was part of airline community outreach and community connection efforts and important to combating labor trafficking in airline supply chains; and that training and partnership efforts were employed to engage key stakeholders. Findings present theoretical and practical implications for students, researchers, and communication practitioners working in CSR for human trafficking.

Hierarchical federated deep reinforcement learning based joint communication and computation for UAV situation awareness

The computation-intensive situational awareness (SA) task of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is greatly affected by its limited power and computing capability. To solve this challenge, we consider the joint communication and computation (JCC) design for UAV network in this paper. Firstly, a multi-objective optimization (MOO) model, which can optimize UAV computation offloading, transmit power, and local computation resources simultaneously, is built to minimize energy consumption and task execution delay. Then, we develop Thompson sampling based double-DQN (TDDQN) learning algorithm which allows the agent to explore more deeply and effectively, and propose a joint optimization algorithm that combines TDDQN and sequential least squares quadratic programming (SLSQP) to handle the MOO problem. Finally, to enhance the training speed and quality, we incorporate federated learning (FL) into the presented joint optimization algorithm and propose hierarchical federated TDDQN with SLSQP (HF TDDQN-S) to implement the JCC design. Simulation results show that the introduced HF TDDQN-S can efficiently learn the best JCC strategy and minimize the average cost contrasted with the DDQN with SLSQP (DDQN-S) and TDDQN with SLSPQ (TDDQN-S) approach, and achieve the low average delay SA with power efficient.

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS CARING FOR PATIENTS FROM DIVERSE CULTURES

This research aims to examine the intercultural communication competence of healthcare professionals providing care and treatment to patients from different cultures. It evaluates the impact of intercultural communication on the quality and effectiveness of healthcare services. Method: The research was conducted with the participation of 280 healthcare professionals working at Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Hospital. Data were collected using the Intercultural Sensitivity, Intercultural Effectiveness, and Intercultural Awareness scales. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0, and non-parametric tests were used for data that did not follow a normal distribution. Findings: Of the participants, 67.8% were female, 74.7% were under 25 years old, and 81.6% were single. In terms of education, 36.8% had an associate degree, and 44.8% had a bachelor's degree. The effects of demographic variables such as gender, marital status, and work department on intercultural competence were examined. Women scored higher than men in the Identity Protection sub-dimension, while married individuals scored lower than singles in the Cultural Communication Awareness sub-dimension. Paramedics had higher intercultural effectiveness scores compared to nurses. Discussion: The duration of experience significantly affected the Comfort in Communication sub-dimension. Higher education levels were associated with increased intercultural sensitivity and effectiveness scores. Those who received intercultural patient care training had higher scores, and those willing to work with patients from different cultures had higher intercultural sensitivity and effectiveness scores. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance of intercultural training and development programs to improve the quality of healthcare services. Enhancing healthcare professionals' intercultural communication skills is crucial for increasing patient satisfaction and the effectiveness of healthcare services.

Dynamics of Intercultural Communication for IAHN Gde Pudja Mataram Dormitory Students

This study highlights the dynamics of intercultural communication within the environment of IAHN Gde Pudja Mataram dormitory, which serves as a residence for students from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Located at Jl. Pancaka No. 7B Mataram, this dormitory is an integral part of the IAHN Gde Pudja Mataram campus, accommodating students from various regions of Indonesia, including Java, Bali, Maluku, and Lombok. The primary focus of the research is to identify, observe, and explore the dynamics of intercultural communication, the language proficiency of both students and faculty, and intercultural awareness in shaping harmonious and inclusive multicultural communication among dormitory residents. The research findings indicate that a high level of intercultural awareness among dormitory residents enables them to adapt their communication styles according to their respective cultural backgrounds, thereby reducing the risk of misunderstandings or miscommunication. Furthermore, this level of awareness also strengthens cooperation, tolerance, and harmony within the dormitory environment through activities such as communal work and collective prayers, creating a warm, inclusive, and safe atmosphere for all residents, both students and faculty alike. Observations of various activities conducted in IAHN Gde Pudja Mataram dormitory also illustrate the importance of this intercultural awareness in fostering harmonious and supportive relationships among dormitory residents. Thus, this research provides deep insights into how the dynamics of intercultural communication contribute to the formation of identity and social interaction within the rich cultural diversity context of Indonesia, as reflected in the IAHN Gde Pudja Mataram dormitory.

Disseminating fraud awareness and prevention advice to older adults: perspectives on the most effective means of delivery

Raising awareness to combat scams has become a central strategy of fraud/scam prevention. Using data from a wider evaluation of a targeted campaign to improve fraud prevention and awareness for older adults predominantly over 75, this paper offers findings on the most effective means of dissemination of anti-scam communications to this group. The paper draws upon almost 1000 questionnaire responses and qualitative data from older adults, as well as volunteers and workers involved in the project. The research finds many older adults have not received any fraud prevention or awareness communications in the prior six months, illustrating a gap in fraud prevention messaging reaching this group. The paper also shows that the preferred method of dissemination is one-to-one through friends and family and that is also the case for the most isolated. The paper offers some potential solutions to address these gaps, particularly for lonely older adults.

A qualitative study on the dyadic coping experience of human papillomavirus-infected patients of childbearing age and their spouses.

China's recent policy initiatives and dedication of resources to heighten the public's awareness of cancer risks have led to increased cervical cancer screening and testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) which has resulted in a greater number of people diagnosed with HPV. The psychological stress experienced by women of childbearing age who are infected with HPV is also felt by their spouses, as the close relationship between spouses results in intertwined psychological distress and health statuses. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the dyadic coping experience of HPV-infected patients of childbearing age and their spouses in China and to provide a research basis for marital interventions for the disease. From July 2022 to January 2023, we used a purposive sampling method to select 11 pairs of HPV-infected patients of childbearing age and their spouses from a tertiary hospital. We conducted in-depth interviews with the patients and their spouses and analyzed the data using Colaizzi's seven-step method. We identified three main themes and eight subthemes: (a) stress perception (including negative psychological reactions, emotional relationship deterioration, and family social role imbalance), (b) stress communication (including enhancing communication awareness and changing communication methods), and (c) stress adjustment (including supporting each other emotionally, facing the disease together, and seeking social support). Health care professionals should assess the stress experienced by patients and their spouses. Moreover, they should encourage them to better cope with the disease as a team. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Breaking the cycle: Presenting insights and strategies to overcome violent conflicts hindering social cohesion and progress in South African communities

ABSTRACT This study addresses the pervasive issue of violent conflicts that undermine social cohesion and hinder progress within South African communities. Thus, the study explores the root causes and contributing factors of these conflicts to provide a foundation for developing effective, evidence-based intervention strategies. The investigation revealed five critical themes: (1) community awareness and perceptions of safety, (2) communication and information to ensure safety, (3) causes of violent conflicts in South Africa, (4) community engagement and membership influence and (5) Five Year/third-quarter 2019/2023 Crime Statistics. These themes underscore the complexity of violent conflicts in post-apartheid South Africa, where the persistence of a violent culture, pervasive corruption, and connections between criminal syndicates and government officials exacerbate the situation. The methodology used is desktop research that combined critical review of literature, reports and discussions of identified themes. The study is centred around the concept of Conflict Transformation, which plays a crucial role in fostering relationships and facilitating reconciliation processes in society. This includes grassroots initiatives and the participation of leaders at different levels. The study concludes that that violent conflicts can be mitigated through informed actions and strategic interventions. With these insights, this study offers recommendations as a framework for policymakers and practitioners to develop targeted measures aimed at fostering a safer, more cohesive society. The goal is to break the cycle of violent conflicts to pave the way for sustainable social progress in South African communities.

A Study of digital literacy among the marginalizes in Thailand: Issues, challenges for implementation and the way forward

The concerns about digital literacy in Thailand especially relevant to fake news, disinformation, and misinformation keep increasing and creating a multifaceted challenges to various sectors of Thai society i.e. financial, commercial, politics, society, and health-related. Among the areas identified include digital contents creation, dissemination, and social media enabling various information with complex challenges such as the proliferation of fake news, disinformation, and misinformation affected more kinds of negative effects currently. This study employs mixed-research method quantitative (survey questionnaire) and qualitative (Focus group discussion, observation, interview) data collection and analysis. A total of 315 samples and key informants were involved as well as grouped under 5 categories: marginal youths, elderly, community leaders, teachers, also government workers focusing on digital literacy knowledge and skills relevant to fake news. It also highlights the relevant contexts i.e. regulatory frameworks and mechanisms driven by key agencies in Thailand. Two main results were revealed that reflected the objectives of the study accordingly: The first objective is (1) overview of digital literacy and how to achieve it. The findings summarized from survey questionnaire include 1.1) even regulations exist found inadequate enforcement and low public awareness call for more effective and collaborative communication from all partners starting from the government agencies; 1.2) urgent need for public awareness communication campaigns emphasizing all the marginalized groups. Youths expressed in the interviews about their contribution to help reduce all kinds of fake news; 1.3) support more friendly ICT context provision such as availability, affordability, accessibility, usability, and useful information. The second objective is (2) mechanism for digital skills empowerment. The feedback from key informants include: 2.1) strengthening digital literacy skills among all marginalized groups to be a smart citizen then can help protecting themselves, their families and their communities; 2.2) all agencies from policy to local i.e. community leaders, educational institutions, private sectors, social media companies, civil society, and others must synergized more contributions; 2.3) educational institutions must design digital literacy academy with digital new-skills for the marginalizes, ensuring them for their safety and future job demands; 2.4) private sectors should support and co-designing digital products and services that address all current needs; 2.5) local government, and all partners should take an active collaboration and enforcement. The study concluded with implications and suggestions for future research in line with SDGs.

어린이집 교사가 인식한 디지털 역량의 중요도-실행도 분석

This study aimed to explore the contents for the education and training to enhance the digital competencies of childcare teachers through Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), which compares the importance of digital competencies perceived by childcare teachers with their own evaluation of their competencies, i.e., the level of performance. As a result of analyzing the survey data of 397 childcare teachers, it was confirmed that the respondents perceived their own competencies (performance) as relatively low compared to the importance of digital competencies. In addition, it was found that in order to foster the digital competencies of childcare teachers, it is an urgent task to include in education and training the production of digital content for teaching and learning of young children, the creation of a digital environment suitable for young children, the management of SNS information, and the collection and analysis of digital data. Tasks that require gradual improvement include a positive attitude toward the production of digital content, the utilization and reconstruction of digital content, the evaluation of virtual/augmented reality content suitable for young children, the use of online communication platforms, the ethical awareness of digital works and communication, the understanding of changes in the digital society, and efforts to foster digital competencies. Finally, it was suggested that the current status and needs of digital competencies of childcare teachers should be specifically reflected when organizing and operating digital education and training programs for the teachers.

A consistent terminology to communicate ground-related uncertainty

Engineering geology is highly affected by uncertainty related to geology, geotechnical parameters, models and methods. While the technical aspects of ground-related uncertainty are increasingly well investigated, the terminology to communicate uncertainty - e.g., “It is likely that X will happen.” - has not yet been unified and experts use it however they see fit. Due to varying experience, personal biases and societal backgrounds, people may understand uncertainty statements very differently, which is misleading and can even result in legal disputes. This contribution investigates the usage of uncertainty communicating terminology in ground-related disciplines and finds that there is a pronounced prevalence of uncertainty terminology in them. Furthermore, there is a special need to express uncertainty related to quantities (e.g. “most of the project area consists of…”). In response, we propose a framework to consistently communicate ground-related uncertainty encompassing three steps: 1. When you are certain about a statement, do not use uncertainty communicating language. 2. Assess and state the degree of confidence in a statement based on the quantity and quality of the available evidence vs. the agreement of the evidence. 3. If you have high or very high confidence in the statement, communicate the uncertainty in a consistent manner, otherwise elaborate how higher confidence can be achieved. The proposed approach feeds into new uncertainty-aware standards, such as Eurocode 7, and goes beyond them by addressing uncertainty in text and speech. This paper provides the premises for increased awareness of uncertainty communication and encourages further works on the topic.

An Exploration of Spoken English Strategies in Secondary Vocational Schools from the Perspective of Core Literacy

The core literacy of student development is an important content of promoting education reform and has an important effect on adapting the strategy of developing English talents in the future in our country. The cultivation of English core literacy depends on the innovation of teaching methods, the improvement of teachers' professional ability and the application of information technology, which is integrated into the training of listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. At present, the emphasis of English teaching is mainly placed on reading and writing, ignoring the cultivation of students' oral English, and students' awareness of oral communication is very weak, which is not conducive to the comprehensive development of students' core English literacy. English teachers should start from the concept of core literacy, develop targeted oral learning strategies for students, broaden the learning channels for students, and promote the improvement of students' oral English ability. This paper analyzes the present situation of oral English teaching and discusses the strategies to improve the oral English of secondary vocational students under the concept of core literacy.

Investigating EFL Students' Civic Consciousness

Civic consciousness serves as a pivotal impetus for societal advancement and development, embodying individuals' cognition, attitudes, and sense of responsibility across social, political, economic, and cultural domains. Contemporary college students, as the forthcoming leaders of society, constitute a vital segment of Chinese citizenship and play crucial roles as participants and stewards in national political development and social construction. Their civic consciousness directly impacts the construction of material, spiritual, and political civilization within China. Educating EFL students on civic consciousness is instrumental in fostering accurate ideological concepts, empowering them to fulfill their duties as social citizens, igniting creativity and intellectual curiosity, enhancing comprehensive cultural literacy and cross-cultural communication awareness, nurturing critical thinking skills, and enabling students to internalize civic virtues as their behavioral norms through natural infiltration, thereby establishing a foundation for their future roles as global citizens and contributing to sustainable development. However, the civic consciousness of EFL students is confronted with significant challenges due to the interplay of international and domestic factors. Notable issues include a deficient awareness of the rule of law and an inadequate understanding of rights. This study initiates with the concept and significance of civic consciousness, elucidating its definition, connotation, and importance within college education. Through questionnaire surveys and interviews, the current state of civic consciousness among students in ZYU(Zhejiang Yuexiu University) is analyzed, identifying prevailing problems and challenges. Subsequently, effective countermeasures within the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning are proposed to address these concerns.

The Influence of Personal Selling and E-Marketing Marketing Communications of Dapurnya Ami UMKM on Consumer Brand Awareness in Banuhampu District, Agam Regency

This study aims to analyze the impact of marketing communication through personal selling on consumer brand awareness in Banuhampu District, Agam Regency. Additionally, this study evaluates the effect of electronic marketing communication (e-marketing) by the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) Dapurnya Ami on consumer brand awareness in the area. The research method used is a quantitative approach conducted in Banuhampu District, which consists of seven villages. The sample was selected using proportionate stratified random sampling, purposive sampling, and accidental sampling techniques, with a total of 400 respondents. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to consumers who are the target market of the MSME Dapurnya Ami. Data analysis was performed using various techniques, including single table analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, and hypothesis testing using Spearman's rho rank. The results show a positive correlation between the personal selling marketing communication of Dapurnya Ami and consumer brand awareness, indicated by r=0.001 and p=0.718. This suggests that the first hypothesis is accepted with a significance level of less than 0.05. Furthermore, the correlation between electronic marketing communication (e-marketing) of Dapurnya Ami and consumer brand awareness is also positive, with r=0.001 and p=0.836, indicating that the second hypothesis is accepted at the same significance level

Research on the Packaging of Agricultural Products in Sichuan Province Empowered by AIGC in the Context of Intangible Cultural Heritage

As a major agricultural province in China, Sichuan Province offers a wide variety of distinctive agricultural products. For these products, good packaging design not only helps generate greater economic benefits for farmers with the same level of output but also supports rural areas in achieving industrial revitalization. With the growing awareness of intangible cultural heritage protection, the interplay and communication between intangible cultural elements and other industries have increased. This interaction promotes the redevelopment and preservation of intangible cultural heritage. Integrating intangible cultural elements into the packaging of agricultural products can better reflect local culture and regional characteristics, effectively enhance the promotion of intangible cultural heritage, inject vitality into agricultural products, and contribute to spiritual and cultural development while meeting people's material needs. Based on this, this study aims to explore how generative artificial intelligence (AIGC) can be used to enhance the packaging design of characteristic agricultural products in Sichuan Province, thereby improving the market competitiveness of these products and supporting rural industry revitalization. By analyzing the current state of the integration of intangible cultural heritage with agricultural product packaging, proposing innovative strategies, and examining practical applications of AIGC technology, this study seeks to provide a new perspective for the packaging design of agricultural products.

Customers’ Perception on Banking Communication

This study explored customers’ perceptions of banking communication in “A” grade banks within Surkhet Valley, Nepal, aiming to fill a critical gap in understanding the dynamics of communication within the banking sector. Drawing upon existing literature and theoretical frameworks, the research investigated factors influencing customer awareness and satisfaction regarding banking communication. Through a quantitative approach involving 405 respondents, the study employed ordered logistic regression analysis to discern significant relationships between various demographic and experiential factors and banking communication awareness levels. Findings revealed that age, participation in common schemes, hassle with account updates, involvement with ASWA (Automated Settlement of Withdrawals and Advances), gender and work experience significantly impacted banking communication awareness levels among customers. Age, common scheme participation, hassle with account updates and ASWA involvement positively influence awareness and gender and work experience exhibited negative associations. These results underscored the importance of tailored communication strategies targeting diverse demographic groups to enhance overall banking communication effectiveness. The implications extend to managerial practices, suggesting the adoption of transparent and accessible communication channels, and policy recommendations aimed at promoting regulatory frameworks conducive to improved customer engagement. Furthermore, the study highlighted avenues for future research, including the exploration of cultural and regional influences on banking communication perceptions. By addressing the identified factors, banks can strengthen customer relationships, foster loyalty and enhance service quality, thereby contributing to the sustainable growth of the banking sector in Surkhet Valley.

The Approaches to Cultivating Chinese Cultural Communication Awareness in Senior English Teaching

Under the current background of globalization, it is particularly important to cultivate Chinese cultural communication awareness in Senior English teaching. However, the current researches show that the content of Chinese culture in English textbooks is relatively insufficient, and students’ awareness of cultural communication is very weak. In addition, students lack motivation in cultural learning, and teachers’ teaching methods are too simple to arouse their learning interests. Therefore, the research aims to explore the approaches to cultivating students’ awareness of Chinese cultural communication. The research results indicate that it is essential to fully explore Chinese cultural elements in teaching materials and design diversified cultural teaching activities. In order to stimulate students’ interest in learning, teachers are required to innovate teaching methods, promote interdisciplinary integration and make full use of multimodal resources. These approaches are beneficial to enriching students’ knowledge of Chinese culture, enhancing their cultural self-confidence, and ultimately cultivating their awareness of spreading Chinese culture.