Average Level Of Knowledge Research Articles

Knowledge Regarding Uterine Prolapse Among Reproductive Age Group Women of Birendranagar, Surkhet, Nepal

BackgroundUterine prolapse is one of the most common causes of reproductive morbidity which influence the women quality of life. In Nepal one million women in suffer from uterine prolapse and most of them belong to the reproductive age. Uterine prolapse occurs when pelvic floor muscles and ligaments stretch and weaken until they no longer provide enough support for the uterus. As a result, the uterus slips down into or protrudes out of the vagina.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge on uterine, prolapse among reproductive age group women in the selected community of the Birendranagar-04, Surkhet.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was selected for the study and non- probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 women of reproductive age group visiting selected community. Semi Structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistic through SPSS version 20.ResultThe result of the study shows knowledge level of the 50% of respondent was poor 33.3% has average level of knowledge and only 16.7% of the respondent have good knowledge. There was significant association of knowledge with education level of the respondent, family type and place of delivery whereas no significant association seen between other socio- demographic variables. Hence, education level of the respondent is contributing factors to the knowledge level regarding uterine prolapse in reproductive age women.ConclusionThe study concluded that majority of the respondents had poor knowledge regarding uterine prolapse.

Effect of an educational intervention on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare workers at King Hussein Cancer Center towards predatory publishers

AimsWe explored the effect of an educational intervention on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare workers (HCWs) towards predatory publishing.MethodsA retrospective pre-post quasi experimental design was implemented on HCWs within King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC). Following a 60-min educational lecture, a self-administered questionnaire was completed by participants. Pre- and post-intervention scores for familiarity, knowledge, practices, and attitudes were compared using the paired sample t-test. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify predictors of mean differences (MD) of knowledge scores.ResultsA total of 121 respondents completed the questionnaire. The majority of participants demonstrated underwhelming awareness of predatory publishing and average levels of knowledge of their characteristics. Furthermore, respondents did not take the necessary precautions to avoid predatory publishers. The intervention (i.e. the educational lecture) improved familiarity (MD: 13.4; 95%CI: 12.4 – 14.4; p-value < .001), knowledge of predatory journal’s characteristics (MD: 12.9; 95%CI: 11.1 – 14.8; p-value < .001), awareness and perceived compliance to preventive measures (MD: 7.7; 95%CI: 6.7 – 8.6; p-value < .001), and positively influenced attitudes towards open access and safe publishing (MD: 0.8; 95%CI: 0.2 – 1.5; p-value = 0.012). Females had significantly lower familiarity scores (p-value = 0.002). Moreover, those who had published in open access journals, received at least one predatory e-mail, or had more than 5 published original articles had significantly higher familiarity and knowledge scores (all p-value < 0.001).ConclusionsAn educational lecture proved effective in improving awareness of KHCC’s HCW’s to predatory publishers. Nonetheless, the mediocrity of pre-intervention scores raises concerns on effectiveness of the predatory covert practices.

Predictors of glaucoma knowledge and its risk factors among Jordanian patients with primary open angle glaucoma at a tertiary teaching hospital: A cross-sectional survey.

To assess and compare glaucoma knowledge between Jordanian patients with glaucoma and non-glaucoma ophthalmic patients. A cross-sectional survey was developed after an extensive literature search to investigate glaucoma-related knowledge among participants with glaucoma visiting the Jordan University Hospital clinics from October 2021 to February 2022. Responses were compared to a sample of ophthalmic participants with eye conditions other than glaucoma visiting the ophthalmology clinics at the same time frame. A total of 256 participants filled out the survey, of which 53.1% were diagnosed with glaucoma while 46.9% had ophthalmic conditions other than glaucoma. Our sample of participants is characterized by a mean age of 52.2 ± 17.8 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1.04:1. Overall, participants with glaucoma were more aware of their disease than participants with other ophthalmic conditions. Compared to their ophthalmic non-glaucoma counterparts, those diagnosed with glaucoma face significantly more daily life difficulties due to their ophthalmic disease (p <0.001). Results of the independent sample t-test demonstrate that participants with glaucoma have significantly higher knowledge scores (p <0.001) and were able to recognize more glaucoma symptoms than their non-glaucoma counterparts (p = 0.002). Similarly, those with a positive family history of glaucoma displayed higher knowledge (p = 0.005). Multivariate linear regression demonstrates that family history of glaucoma, higher symptom recognition score, reliance on ophthalmologists, and the internet for glaucoma-related information are positive predictors of higher knowledge scores. We have demonstrated that both glaucoma and non-glaucoma ophthalmic patients display average levels of glaucoma knowledge. Raising awareness through various interventions may improve the lifestyles of patients with glaucoma and alleviate the economic burden associated with treating the disease.

Pharmacy student knowledge level regarding the beyond-use date

Background: In daily practice, misunderstandings often arise regarding the expiration date after opening the package of a drug. Beyond Use Date (BUD) is the time limit for using the drug after it has been formulated or prepared or after the primary packaging has been opened or damaged. Students need to understand BUD because BUD is related to the stability and quality of drug preparations. Without proper knowledge of BUD, the provision of information to patients may be misleading and it may lead to unsafe use of the drug. Objective: This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of pharmacy students about beyond use date of drugs. Methods: A descriptive survey is used in this observational cross-sectional study. The data collection was conducted in June 2022 at the Pharmacy Study Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Indonesia with a total sample of 163 students. Results: This study found that 42.9% (n:70) pharmacy students have a ‘good’ category of knowledge of BUD, while 53.9% (n: 88) have an ‘enough’ category of knowledge and 3.1% (n:5) have a ‘less' category of knowledge. A total of 11.1% (n:18) of students said BUD did not determine drug use, and 42.9% (n:70) said BUD and ED were not the same. Conclusion: The average level of knowledge of pharmacy students in the sampled university about Beyond Use Date Drugs is in the sufficient category.

Evaluation of Awareness, Knowledge, and Approval of Orthodontic Treatment among Dental Patients in Northwestern Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Malocclusion is a common presenting problem in the dental setting. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness, knowledge, and approval of orthodontic treatment among patients in Northwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, over 10 months using a self-administered questionnaire. After obtaining ethical approval from the institution’s research and ethics committee, 510 respondents filled out and returned the questionnaires. The questionnaire was designed to test for awareness, source of awareness, knowledge, willingness to approve, and reason for not being willing to approve orthodontic treatment. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) software version 25. Results: A total of 510 appropriately filled and returned the questionnaires among which there were 346 (67.8%) male and 164 (32.2%) female respondents. The mean ± standard deviation age of the respondent was 24.54 ± 9.53 in the range of 17–68 years. Only 184 (n) respondents were aware of orthodontic treatment, and dentist 81 (44.0%) was the main source of information. Those respondents who claimed to know about orthodontic treatment scored a total of 38.4% in the knowledge assessment. A total of 122 (66.3%) of the respondents were willing to approve orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: This study revealed below average level of awareness and knowledge of patients about orthodontic treatment. Awareness and knowledge about orthodontic treatment are capable of sensitizing the patients to accept and cooperate better, hence the higher success of the treatment.

Food safety knowledge, attitude, and practices among school children: a cross-sectional study based in the Colombo educational zone, Sri Lanka

The study focuses on assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of food safety among school children in the city of Colombo, Sri Lanka, based on a questionnaire survey conducted from September to October 2020, with a sample of 380 teenagers from a selection of schools in the Colombo Educational Zone, Sri Lanka. It reports that the mean food safety knowledge, attitude, and practice scores of the participants were 59.949 ± 0.833, 84.336 ± 0.448, and 79.597 ± 0.616 (mean ± SE) respectively and hypothesises that the food safety practice score and the attitude score of school children both significantly increase relative to their food safety knowledge score ( rp = 0.205, p &lt; 0.001 and rp = 0.359, p &lt; 0.001). A multiple linear regression analysis of the data establishes that the food safety knowledge score of the male participants is higher than that of the female participants and that poor food handling practices are common among the males in the population. The results further demonstrate a correlation between the individual schoolchild’s academic performance, the educational background of his/her parents, and his/her knowledge of food safety. The present study reveals that the school children in Colombo Education Zone maintain an average level of food safety knowledge and satisfactory levels of food safety attitudes and practices. Thus, the authors suggest that school children should be provided with appropriate education and training to enhance their current level of food safety knowledge, especially about proper temperature control during food processing and food handling.

Dietary knowledge assessment among the patients with type 2 diabetes in Madinah: A cross-sectional study

Background: There is a huge burden of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, and diabetes is one of the leading chronic nutrition-related diseases affecting more than 500 million people globally. Collecting information regarding the awareness of dietary and nutrition knowledge among diabetic patients is the first step to developing a disease prevention program. Thus, this study primarily aims at assessing the dietary awareness of diabetes patients attending the diabetic centre in Madinah governorate, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study was started in November 2020 and ended in October 2021. The study participants (315) were type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients attending a diabetic centre in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. A self-prepared dietary knowledge questionnaire (DKQ) was used in this research. The variables include balanced diet, food type, food choice, carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Knowledge score was, and the total score was leveled/categorized into ‘good’, ‘average’, and ‘poor’. Data were analyzed by SPSS v.26. Results: The study results identified the current knowledge of T2DM patients about different dietary items. The knowledge score of 62.2% of participants showed an average level of dietary knowledge, which is statistically significant. When we separately evaluated their understanding of different dietary components, we found that T2DM patients had poor knowledge of carbohydrates (30.15%), fat, food choices (47.7%), and type (34.6%). However, they had acceptable knowledge of proteins (56.5%). Conclusion: Our participants exhibited acceptable knowledge about proteins but poorer knowledge of other food groups. A healthy, well-balanced diet is essential for excellent glycaemic control. It is recommended to educate and arrange a health education program regarding dietary knowledge, specially designed for diabetic patients so that patients can opt for a healthier lifestyle.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of STP Regarding Knowledge of Preventive Measures on COPD Among Old Age People in Selected Village Rohtas Bihar

INTRODUCTION: COPD is a chronic airway limited disease as characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible. The more familiar terms ‘chronic bronchitis’ and ‘emphysema’ are no longer used, but are now included within the COPD diagnosis. COPD is not simply a “smoker’s cough” but an under-diagnosed, life-threatening lung disease. According to WHO report that the 3.29 million of people suffer with the COPD death, in nearly 90% of COPD death in those under 70 years of age occur in developing countries. The most cause of COPD the including environmental exposure to tobacco, smoke, indoor air pollution and occupational dusts, fumes, and chemicals are important risk. The early is most common treatment of COPD economic preventable management is quite smoking, and is needed to slow the progression of symptoms. AIM: To assess the effectiveness of STP on knowledge of preventive measures on COPD among old age people. METHODOLOGY: The pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was conducted at Takiya, Sasaram, Rohtas, Bihar from 6/2/23 to 10/2/23. The conceptual framework utilized in this study was based on General System theory of “Ludwig von Bertalanffy”. A self-structured questionnaire method was used to assess the pre-test level of knowledge of preventive measures on COPD among old age people in selected village Rohtas Bihar by adopting probability random sampling technique. Immediately after pre-test STP was implemented just after the implementation post-test was conducted by using same questionnaire method. The result was analyzed. RESULTS: Before implementation of STP the knowledge level of old age people, (32) had poor knowledge, (28) had average knowledge and none of them had good knowledge of preventive measures on COPD among old age people in selected village Rohtas Bihar and the pre-test mean knowledge score was. After implementation of STP the knowledge level of old age people, none of them had poor knowledge, (31) had average level of knowledge and (29) had good knowledge of preventive measures on COPD among old age people in selected village Rohtas Bihar. The post-test mean score (14.72) of knowledge of preventive measures on COPD among old age people were comparatively more than their pre-test mean knowledge score (7.98). It confirms that, there was increase in knowledge of preventive measures on COPD among old age people after the administration of STP. CONCLUSION: At last, as a researchers, we concluded that there is increase in knowledge of preventive measures on COPD among old age people after implementation of STP and there is no association between variable and sociodemographic variables.

Risk Profile, Awareness, and Immunization Status of Family Medicine Assistants on the Agents That Can Be Transmitted from the Hospital in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Eighteen months of family medicine residency training is completed as in-hospital rotation. In this process, the increase in the possibility of encountering risky situations in terms of hospital acquired infections (HAI) reveals the importance of awareness and immunization status for family medicine residents in preventing HAI. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk status of family medicine residents about HAI, to investigate their immunization status, and to raise awareness on this issue. This study was conducted on 285 participants, including family medicine assistants who received residency training at Gülhane Training and Research Hospital between 01.08.2021 and 30.03.2022. In the 17-question survey made to the residents who accepted the study, demographic characteristics of the residents and some other information about the HAI were questioned. Afterwards, whether they encountered risky situations, periodic control examinations of the physicians, and their immunization status were questioned. Questions were asked in the form of a 5-point Likert-type table about the use of personal protective methods and their knowledge level about HAI. The answers given to the Likert type questions were scored as 1 worst and 5 as the best, and the total knowledge level score (minimum-maximum:15-75) was obtained. 180 (63.2%) of the participants were female, 196 (68.8%) were in the 24-29 age range. Of the participants, 99.3% (n=283) COVID-19, 96.5% (n=275) hepatitis B, 93.7% (n=267) tetanus, 39.6% (n=113) pneumococcus, 39.3% (n=112) influenza vaccine. The knowledge level score of female residents was higher (p=0.001). There was a significant difference between the age distribution of the participants and their knowledge level (p=0.033). According to this difference, the average knowledge level scores of the participants in the 24-29 age range were higher (p=0.047). It was determined that female residents HAI as a higher risk for family medicine residents (p=0.026). Participants who considered HAI as a risk for family medicine residents had a higher knowledge level (p=0.043). In our study, it was seen that HAI were evaluated as a risk by family medicine residents. On the other hand, the awareness and knowledge level of resident physicians on this issue was not considered sufficient. It was determined that some of the vaccines of the physicians were more careful with the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it was observed that they did not pay due attention to the periodic health examinations. In order to increase the awareness of family medicine residents about HAI, lessons on infections that may be risky can be planned in the training curriculum. By ensuring regular periodic controls, physicians can be followed up in terms of occupational health risks. In case of encountering risky situations, the use of personal protective methods is encouraged and regular inspection is recommended.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Oxygen Therapy among Health Care Professionals

Oxygen is one of the most critical component of life. Objective: To access the knowledge attitude and practice regarding oxygen therapy among health care professionals. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted using purposive sampling technique. A structured questionnaire from literature was used to collect the data. Responses of the participants as good/bad knowledge, positive/negative attitude, and good/bad practice were recorded. The data was collected from Services Hospital Lahore of 140 healthcare professionals. The doctors, RTs, and nurses available at the workplace were included in the study. Results: The mean age and standard deviation is 27.09 ± 4.184. There were 61 males representing 43.6% of total population and there were 79 female participants which representing 56.4% of total population. There are 76 doctors which were 54.3% of population, 40 nurses which were 28.6% and 24 respiratory therapists of 17.1% of total population. Our study shows that 77.9% population had good knowledge and remaining 22.1% population had no knowledge, 82.9% population had positive attitude and remaining 17.1% population had negative attitude. And out of 140 participants, 92.9% population had good practice and remaining 7.1% population had bad practice regarding oxygen therapy. Conclusions: The study concluded that majority of the studied participant had good level of knowledge about oxygen therapy and adequate level of practice of oxygen therapy but a significant number of participants had average level of knowledge about oxygen therapy and practice of oxygen therapy. Therefore, regular training of healthcare workers should be encouraged to update their knowledge and practice of oxygen therapy.

A review of the uses of five dietary supplements in the management of hypertension and a composite survey

The goal of this study was two-fold. The first one was to conduct a literature review of five dietary supplements (L-arginine, coenzyme Q10, garlic, hawthorn, and pycnogenol) on their blood pressure lowering effects. The second goal was to survey first-year pharmacy students at Howard University College of Pharmacy on their knowledge of the various aspects of these DSs. The literature review showed that all the 5 DSs included in this study have beneficial effects in reducing high blood pressure, although their effects are mostly mild to moderate. However, their effects are more pronounced in patients with hypertension and have no or limited effects in normotensive patients. Despite these promising benefits, the survey from the students showed a lower-than-expected knowledge score. The average knowledge level was 57.5 % on all the questions related to the five selected dietary supplements. The knowledge levels ranged from 52.9% for L-arginine to 66.2% for garlic. When the knowledge scores were paired and further analyzed, no statistical differences were noted among the levels for each dietary supplement. Overall, the survey showed that there is a lack of adequate knowledge among the participants on the supplements included in this study. Thus, an additional effort must be made to incorporate key supplement topics in various therapeutics courses throughout the pharmacy education.

Tax knowledge and tax perception by students at the University of Szczecin

Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the level of tax knowledge and analyze the perception of taxes by students at the University of Szczecin. To achieve the goal, the sources of this knowledge and the respondents approach to tax avoidance are investigated. It also presents the differences in the perception of taxes between male and female students. Research method/approach: The research was conducted in the form of interviews using a paper questionnaire Paper &amp; Pen Personal Interview (PAPI) on a sample of 927 students at the University of Szczecin between April and June 2020. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and are presented as tables and figures. To the best of the authors knowledge, research in this area is still very limited, which was confirmed by a system-atic literature review conducted from April to December 2021. Findings: The research results made it possible to achieve the goal and answer the questions posed in the introduction. The students were mostly characterized by an average or low level of knowledge about taxes. One in three respondents indicated that Poles pay higher taxes than other European countries. Women are more willing to pay taxes, treating it as an obligation (65%), while only 50% of the surveyed men think the same. Almost half of the respondents stated that failure to report income to pay lower taxes is an expression of the weakness of the tax system. Research limitations/implications: The analysis concerned only a single research group; therefore, the results should not be applied to a larger or the entire collective. However, they may contribute to further research. Originality/value: The article contains the results of primary research on tax knowledge and how young people from generation Z perceive taxes and the concept of tax morality. Most of the respondents were interested in tax subjects being introduced into the curriculum. Therefore, the results provide a basis for considering the introduc-tion of tax issues in all fields of economic study. The paper is one of the few in the Polish literature that contains an analysis of university students perceptions of taxes.

The level of community knowledge about the use of antibiotics

Knowledge and the use of antibiotics has a great role and important on the success of therapy so that there will be no negative effect such as antibiotics resistance. The use of antibiotics on community from time to times has increased significantly and there are some recipe found that is given without the known of the doctor. Whereas, antibiotics should be obtained under the doctor’s recipe. The purpose of this research is to determine the profile and the level of community knowledge about the use of antibiotics in Banyior Village, Sepulu District, Bangkalan Regency. This research is a cross sectional descriptive research. The measurement tools used is closed questionnaires. The data are being analyzed by using SPSS 18th version. The research has been done on 325 citizens in Banyior Village, Sepulu District, Bangkalan Regency since October 2021 until December 2022. The result is the most widely used antibiotics by respondents is Amoxicillin which has 47% percentage. Whereas the majority of the respondents got the antibiotics from drug store or shop with 45% percentage. The level of community knowledge shows good level of knowledge with 6.82%, average level of knowledge with 19.60%, and low level of knowledge with 73.57%. The most common antibiotic used by respondents in this study was Amoxicillin where the method of obtaining it was mostly from drug stores/warungs and the level of public knowledge about the use of antibiotics was found to be in the poor category. Keywords : Antibiotics , Knowledge, Society in Banyior Village

Knowledge Regarding Rabid Animal Bite among Rural Community People

Background: Rabies is an important public health problem in Bangladesh and is at the top of the list among the zoonotic diseases. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge regarding rabid animal bite among rural community people. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted among 345 rural community people from 1st January to 31st December, 2019 in several villages of Kaligonj in Gazipur district. Convenience sampling was adopted and a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 39.63 ±13.35 years where majority (84.1%, n=290) of them were female and 81.7% (n=282) were literate. Only 4.9% (n=17) heard about rabies from health personnel, 14.2% (n=49) from mass media, 20.0% (n=69) from books and 60.9% (n=210) from general people. Most of the respondents 98.8% (n=314) knew that rabies is caused by infection from bite of rabid animal. Most of the respondents (97.7%, n=337) had knowledge that one should be vaccinated after bite of an animal. Majority of the respondents (92.8%, n=320) knew that rabies is preventable, 84.6% (n=292) knew about fatality of the disease.Half of the respondents (50.7%, n=175) had knowledge that rabies can be prevented by vaccination of rabid animals.Majority of the respondents (58.8%, n=203) had average knowledge regarding rabid animal bite while others had good (38.8%, n=134), and poor (2.3%, n=8) knowledge. Statistical significancewas found regarding level of knowledge and educational status (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Majority of the rural community people had average level of knowledge regarding rabid animal bite. There is strong need for educational initiatives involving the local population and the public health authorities to support the rabies elimination program in Bangladesh.

Level of Knowledge of the Omicron Variant of the Sars-Cov2 Virus of Medical Students at Muhammadiyah Malang University

The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has subsided. However, it has begun to spread in several countries with an increase in COVID-19 cases with a new variant, the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), and its presence has been detected in Indonesia. This variant is suspected of having a greater transmission power than other virus variants. This condition affects education in Indonesia. Learning activities using blended methods began in the 2021-2022 academic year at the Medical Faculty at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. It is necessary to know the level of knowledge of students about the Omicron variant as one of the basics for preventing and controlling this virus on campus. To determine the level of knowledge of students in the Academic Stage of the Faculty of Medicine, the University of Muhammadiyah Malang, on the characteristics of the Omicron variant SARS-CoV2 virus, this study uses a descriptive type of research with a cross-sectional study approach. The results of the study of 300 respondents showed that the average level of knowledge was 77.13%. This average is included in the good criteria. The level of knowledge of students at the academic stage of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, on the characteristics of the Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 virus is included in good criteria.&#x0D; Keywords: knowledge level, SARS-Cov2, Omicron

Level of Knowledge, Readiness and Practice of Speaking Malay Language among Indigenous People

This study aims to examine the level of knowledge, readiness and practice of the Malay language among the Orang Asli community. The study involved 80 Orang Asli people living in the rural areas of Kuala Lipis and Cameron Highlands in Pahang. The design of the study is a quantitative survey method involving data collection through questionnaires related to their level of knowledge of the Malay language and readiness to speak, in addition, the practice of Malay language when communicating based on Environmental Theory developed by (Bronfenbrenner, 1917). Descriptive analysis method was used by the researcher to show the frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The findings of the study found that the level of knowledge of the Orang Asli community related to the Malay language is at a moderate level with a score (M = 2.73). While the level of readiness to speak Malay was at a low level with a score (M = 2.30) and the practice of communicating using Malay was also at a low level with a score (M = 1.84). The findings of the study found that the average level of knowledge of the Orang Asli community on the Malay language show their awareness of the existence of the Malay language as an intermediate language, but still limited in terms of readiness and practice of using the Malay language in communication. The implications of this study can increase the awareness of the new generation of the Orang Asli community about the importance of the Malay language.

Knowledge of Breast Cancer among Secondary School Female Teachers in Rivers State

This study assessed the knowledge level of breast cancer among secondary school female teachers in Rivers State. The study was guided by three objectives with equivalent research questions. Descriptive survey design was adopted, with a population comprising of seven thousand, nine hundred and thirty nine secondary school female teachers in Rivers State. A sample size of 720 respondents was selected from ten LGAs in the two areas (upland and riverine area) of Rivers State through a multistage sampling procedure. The instrument for data collection was a validated self- structured questionnaire titled Knowledge Level of Breast Cancer Questionnaire (KLBCQ) with reliability coefficients of 0.82. Data collected were analyzed using percentages, and chi-square. The result of the study indicated that; Secondary school female teachers in Rivers State have average knowledge level (60.6%) of breast cancer. 47.9% have poor knowledge of breast cancer risk factor, 65.7%, have average knowledge of breast cancer signs and symptoms and 74.4% have good knowledge of breast cancer preventive measures. It was concluded that secondary school female teachers in Rivers State have average knowledge level of breast cancer. It was recommended among others that Nollywood actors in collaboration with script writers and producers should constantly write and act dramas on breast cancer, in order to increase awareness and knowledge of breast cancer among the general population.

Knowledge and attitude regarding toxoplasmosis among pregnant women attending Banadir hospital antenatal clinic

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Background Toxoplasmosis is a common condition that occurs worldwide in most birds and warm-blooded mammals, including humans. In most cases, toxoplasmosis does not have any symptoms. This is because a healthy immune system is usually able to defend the body from the parasite and prevent it from causing illness.Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude toxoplasmosis among pregnant woman attending at ANC Benadir Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia. &#x0D; Methodology A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending at Banadir hospital ANC with sample size of 352 and purposive non-purposive sampling technique was used, structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data was analyzed by using SPSS (20).Result The Study was found that the majority of women 51.7% had average level of knowledge regarding toxoplasmosis, while majority of studied 79.5% had positive attitude and 20.5 negative attitude. A moderate positive correlation was found between knowledge score and attitude score of pregnant women. &#x0D; Conclusion Based on the results of this study, pregnant women had average knowledge toward toxoplasmosis. Study recommended to reduce complication of toxoplasmosis to the pregnant women pregnant women should provide an educational program about toxoplasmosis infection and measures of prevention. Nursing and midwifes are two health personnel’s working in the community should be equipped with adequate knowledge and skill to educate the women on breast self-examination. The study suggests further study about practice toward breast self-examination. &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Duality of conscientiousness and service knowledge growth: The role of self-efficacy and self-deception

Although training has played an essential role in cultivating favorable employee outcomes, little is known about the knowledge growth trajectory of training outcomes. Drawing on training engagement theory, this study posits a model leading from conscientiousness to growth in service knowledge during and after standard operation procedure training through the mediation of self-efficacy and self-deception. We surveyed frontline employees from international hotels. Latent growth modeling was adopted to capture the change trajectory of the learning process. By tracking employees over three waves (i.e., pre-training, mid-training, and post-training stages), we find that high self-efficacy trainees had high average level of service knowledge, but it decreased over time. In contrast, self-deception led to average level of service knowledge, and it increased over time. This study contributes to the literature by clarifying the complex mechanism underlying the conscientiousness–learning relationship based on training engagement theory and explaining the changing process of employees’ learning.

IMPACT OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON RURAL HOUSEWIVES REGARDING KNOWLEDGE OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT

Introduction: Waste management is a key factor for a better environment and its initial step begins in the management of household waste. Proper disposal of waste prevent pollution that could endanger human health and environment. The house in which one and one's family live needs to be clean and tidy as well as hygienic for the good health of their family. The a Aims and Objectives: im of this structured teaching programme was to add on to the knowledge of housewives regarding household waste management besides to promote health and hygiene and to encourage them to establish healthy patterns of behavior that inuence their health, environment and psychological wellbeing. A pre-test Materials and methods: and post-test experimental design was used in the study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding household waste management among housewives in rural community of Wasoora Pulwama, J&amp;K, India. Systematic random sampling technique was used for selection of 60 housewives from accessible population. The ndings re Results: vealed that in pre-test group, maximum number of the study subjects (51.7%) had average level of knowledge, 38.3% of study subjects had poor knowledge and only 10% of study subjects were found to have adequate knowledge. Whereas in post-test group majority of the study subjects (76.7%) had adequate knowledge, 23.3% of study subjects had average knowledge and none of the study subjects were found to have poor knowledge regarding household waste management. The mean post-test knowledge score (82.3±2.36) of the study subjects regarding household waste management is signicantly higher than that of the mean pre-test knowledge score (46.5±2.32) indicating that structured teaching programme was effective in enhancing the knowledge of housewives. There was a signicant association between pre-test knowledge score and the selected demographic variables like age, educational status and monthly income. However, non-signicant association was found between pre-test knowledge score of study subjects with one demographic variable, i.e., Mode of waste disposal at p≤ 0.05. The structured teachi Conclusion: ng programme was found effective in improving the knowledge of study subjects regarding household waste management. Signicant association was found between pre-test knowledge with majority of the selected demographic variables (age, educational status, family income).