Average Level Of Knowledge Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Community Pharmacists in Relation to Dispensing Antibiotics Without Prescription in Sudan: A Cross-sectional Study.

BackgroundDispensing antibiotics without prescription (DAwP) is a widespread practice, especially in developing countries, contributing to antibiotic resistance. Community pharmacists play a significant role in promoting rational use of antibiotics by refraining from DAwP, and providing drug information to patients. This study aimed to evaluate community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude and practice, and to assess the factors behind DAwP.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 among random sample of community pharmacists in Sudan. Online semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The association between dependent and independent variables was assessed using Chi-square test; a P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsOf the 1217 pharmacists who participated, the majority were female (n = 645, 53%). Most pharmacists have a B. Pharm degree (n = 1026, 84%) and less than 5 years’ experience (n = 718, 59%). Notably, the majority of community pharmacists have good knowledge (n = 735, 61.7%), which is significantly associated with years of experience (P < 0.00). More than half (n = 623, 52.2%) of the pharmacists have above average score of practice. Nearly all the pharmacists who participated have a positive attitude in relation to DAwP (n = 1204, 98.9%). More than half of the pharmacists were DAwP for tonsillitis (n = 817, 67%), wound infection (n = 766, 62.9%), and urinary tract infection (n = 664, 54%). The leading factor behind DAwP was the low socioeconomic status of the patients (n = 624, 51%). Additionally, 47% of the pharmacists (n = 572) thought that they were knowledgeable enough to DAwP.ConclusionDespite their positive attitude and average level of knowledge regarding DAwP, Sudanese community pharmacists frequently are DAwP for tonsillitis. Low patients’ socioeconomic status was the leading factor behind DAwP. Accordingly, extensive work from health authorities to improve the accessibility and affordability of the health system as well as the development of an antibiotic stewardship program are required to diminish DAwP.

CAPACITY BUILDING OF KENYAN HEALTH WORKERS IN PPH PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT: SAVING MORE PARTURIENT LIVES

Introduction: Despite being largely preventable, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the modal cause of maternal mortality globally and in Kenya. &#x0D; Methodology: During the 44th Annual Scientific Congress of the Kenya Obstetrical and Gynecological Society, a 2-day PPH workshop was held in Msambweni Sub-District Hospital in Kwale County to identify addressable gaps and to build local capacity. The participants sat a uniform pre- and post- test and evaluated the course. &#x0D; Results: The modal cadres present were clinical officer interns (8) and midwives (7). Out of the 28 participant responses analyzed, the pretest revealed low average level of knowledge (43.8%), with devascularization (31.8%) and resuscitation (39.7%) showing the lowest levels. The post-test revealed substantial improvement in overall average knowledge that was attributable to the training (75.2%, p=0.001). Three quarters of the participants rated the training as excellent, while a fifth rated the training as good. &#x0D; Discussion: PPH is known to be the most significant cause of maternal mortality. However, knowledge of its prevention, diagnosis and management were poor. The training resulted in significant improvement in knowledge, while the use of high-fidelity simulation drills enhanced emergency preparedness. &#x0D; Conclusion: Overall, there is a significant role for capacity building through in-service trainings. There is therefore a need to scale-up such trainings in order to further reduce contribution of PPH to maternal mortality in Kenya.

An exploratory study to assess the knowledge and attitude of student nurses towards Covid-19 in college of nursing, Christian medical college and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab

On 31 December 2019, WHO was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan City, China. A novel coronavirus was identified as the cause by Chinese authorities on 7 January 2020 and was temporarily named “2019-nCoV”. The official names COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued by the WHO on 11 February 2020. All caregivers, including all student nurses, actively participated in the strengthening of care teams. The present study was conducted with the purpose to assess the knowledge and attitude of student nurses regarding COVID-19 with objectives: to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of student nurses related to COVID-19, to find out the correlation between knowledge and attitude , to find out the relationship of knowledge and attitude of student nurses regarding COVID-19 with selected variables like age, gender, training course, year of study, residential area, source of information, exposure with COVID-19 patient and Is any family member or neighbor had COVID-19. A Knowledge Assessment Tool and Attitude Assessment Scale on COVID-19 were developed and used. The pilot study was conducted to ensure the reliability of the tool and feasibility of the study. Data was collected from 230 student nurses of College of Nursing, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, by using non-probability, purposive sampling technique. Maximum number of student nurses 71.30% had good level of knowledge &amp; only 0.87% student nurses have below average level of knowledge and 90.87% student nurses has positive attitude regarding COVID-19. The coefficient of correlation between knowledge &amp; attitude score was 0.119 which shows weak positive correlation. Age, Gender and Training Course had significant impact on knowledge score and only one variable i.e., Is any family member or neighbor had COVID-19, had significant impact on attitude score of student nurses.

Bridging the Knowledge Gap of Apple Growers: Transition from Conventional to Organic Production Pattern

Organic agriculture (OA) is an ecological, economic and social system that has been in the spotlight to replace and reduce the adverse consequences of conventional agriculture (CA) and achieve sustainable agriculture. The future of OA depends heavily on the knowledge of producers. Accordingly, the current research is based on the Borich model and a survey method using a questionnaire, to examine the existing knowledge and needed by Damavand gardeners to produce organic apples. Thus, using Cochran's formula, a sample of 158 gardeners were selected and interviewed by simple random sampling method. The results showed that in the planting stage, most of the respondents had very poor and weak level of knowledge, in the growing stage and the harvest the less than needed average level of knowledge to produce organic apples. However, this need decreases with increasing issues such as level of education, use of information resources, level of cultivation and work experience. Finally, based on the Borich model, priority educational issues were identified to bridge the knowledge gap in order to produce organic apples in the planting, growing and harvesting stages.

Awareness and Attitude about Nurse Led Clinic (NLC) among Health Care Professionals

Background: Nursing binds human society with a bond of care and affection. Nursing is a calling to care, which offersan oasis of poignant stories and pool of challenges. The scope of nursing practice has expanded and extended to differentsettings other than hospital only.Nurses deal with the most precious thing in this wide world the human life. The presentstudy was undertaken with an aim to determine the awareness and attitude towards Nurse Led Clinic (NLC) amonghealth care professionals.Material and Methods: A descriptive study, was carried out among 105 health care professional (30 Nurses, 30 Physicians,30 Dentistand 15 Physiotherapist of Pravara Rural Hospital Loni Bk to assess awareness and attitude about Nurse ledclinic. The participants was selected by simple random sampling technique, and self prepared and content validatedstructured questionnaire (for awareness) and rating scale (for attitude) was used for data collection. The descriptivestatistics (mean, SD) and inferential statistics (chi square test) was applied wherever required.Results: The overall knowledge scorefor nurse was(7.56±2.06), for physician (8.76±2.96), for dentist (9.0±2.92) and forphysiotherapist the score was (7.52±2.97) which is &gt;50% indicating averagelevel of knowledge on NLC. In line with,overall attitude score for nurse was (85.8±5.0) for physician (76.3±11.6), for dentist (79.1±10.7) and for physiotherapistthe sore was (72.8±7.56) which is &gt;73% indicating average to good attitude on NLC. It was noted that the demographicvariables like age, gender, previous knowledge, work experience had significant association with knowledge and attitudeon NLC at 0.05 level.Conclusion: The study findings showed thathealth care professionals hadaverageknowledge and good attituderegardingthe nurse led clinic. The health care professional’s demographic variables had significantly associated with thestudy variables. There was a weak correlation was observed between the study variables.

The Effectiveness of Nursing Documentation Training on Nurse's Knowledge about SDKI, SLKI, and SIKI)

Good and correct nursing documentation is important to be able to meet the medico-legal requirements of nursing practice. Beside that, there is evidence indicating that nursing documentation is associated with patient mortality. Several factors that influence nursing documentation are patient burden, lack of time, lack of knowledge and training. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of 3S-based (SDKI, SLKI, SIKI) nursing documentation training on the level of knowledge of nurses. The research method used is quasi-experimental with one-group pre-test post-test design approach. There are 150 nurses in a hospital in Central Java who participate in this study. The sampling technique used was total sampling method. The results showed that the average level of pre-test knowledge was 38.05, and post-test was 65.51. Data analysis using t-test obtained the p-value 0.000 (&lt;0.05). Nursing documentation training is effective in increasing the knowledge and ability of nurses in documenting nursing care using 3S.

ONLINE DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION (DHE) ON INCREASING KNOWLEDGE OF PREGNANT MOTHERS ABOUT DENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Introduction: Dental health problems during pregnancy are often neglected. This is due to a lack of knowledge about dental health care. Hormonal changes in pregnant women increase the risk of developing periodontal disease. Periodontal disease increases the risk of preterm birth. The COVID-19 pandemic has hampered health education. Objective: to determine the effect of online dental health education (DHE) on increasing knowledge of pregnant women about dental and oral health. Method: this research is a pre-experiment with pre-post test. The sample size in the study was 32 respondents taken by purposive sampling. The analysis used was Paired T- test. Results: there was a difference in the average knowledge level of pregnant women on dental health with p value = 0,000. Conclusion: Dental health education has an effect on increasing the level of knowledge on dental health in pregnant women.

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING RISK OF COMPLICATION AND THEIR PREVENTION AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JODHPUR

INTRODUCTION: Haemodialysis is a method for removing waste products such as potassium and urea, as well as free water from the blood when the kidneys are in renal failure. Haemodialysis is one of three renal replacement therapies1. Accuracy of figures on RRT prevalence may vary, as few countries have comprehensive dialysis and transplant registries, hence underreporting may be an issue. It is clear, however, that large numbers of people in low- and middle-income countries LMIC die from kidney failure without receiving any treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY: Assess the knowledge regarding risk of complication and their prevention among patients undergoing haemodialysis at tertiary care hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A descriptive study was carried out on 60 patients undergoing hemodialysis at tertiary care hospital Jodhpur. Samples were selected by using Non Probability Purposive Sampling Technique. Data was collected using structured knowledge questionnaire and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULT: The findings of the study reveals that (53.33%) of patients undergoing haemodialysis had average level of knowledge, the remaining (33.33%) had poor level of knowledge, (13.33%) had good level of knowledge regarding risk of complication and their prevention among patients undergoing haemodialysis. However there was no significant association found between knowledge and selected demographic variables except qualification, types of residence. CONCLUSION: It can be reiterated that patient have average knowledge regarding risk of complication and their prevention as per current research recommendations. They require Regular education program for patients in frequent intervals should be carried out regarding risk of complication and their prevention. KEY WORDS: Knowledge, risk of complication, patients undergoing hemodialysis,

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHEST TUBE DRAINAGE AMONG STAFF NURSES WORKING AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JODHPUR

INTRODUCTION: A chest tube is a hollow, flexible tube placed into the chest. It acts as a drain. Chest tubes drain blood, fluid, or air from around the lungs, heart, or oesophagus. The tube around the lung is placed between the ribs and into the space between the inner lining and the outer lining of the chest cavity or the pleural space. It is done to allow the lungs to fully expand. It is also known as bulau drain or an intercostal catheter. AIM OF THE STUDY: Assess the knowledge and practice regarding nursing management of patients with chest tube drainage among staff nurses working at tertiary care hospital, Jodhpur. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A descriptive study was carried out on 60 staff nurse working in ICU’s of M.D.M hospital, Jodhpur. Samples were selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using structured knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULT: The findings of the study reveals that 55% ICU staff nurses had average knowledge, with mean knowledge score 14.47 with SD ± 4.68, while majority of ICU staff nurses (96.67%) had good level of practice, (3.33%) had average level of practice, with mean practice score 13.93 with SD +1.41 regarding nursing management of patients with chest tube drainage. It was found that there was no significant correlation found between level of knowledge and practice among ICU staff nurses regarding nursing management of patients with chest tube drainage. However there was no significant association found between level of knowledge and practice with selected socio demographic variables except their total clinical experience. CONCLUSION: It can be reiterated that ICU staff nurses have average knowledge and good level of practice regarding nursing management of patients with chest tube drainage as per current research recommendations. They require simulated practices, CNE and Role play to enhance their knowledge and practice regarding nursing management of patients with chest tube drainage. KEY WORDS: Knowledge, Practice, Staff nurses, Chest tube drainage, Patient care.

“ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS”

Biomedical waste is any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunisation of human beings or animals, or in research activities pertaining thereto, or in the production or testing of biologics. The main aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of health care workers regarding bio- medical waste management. The setting of the study is at Narayan Medical College and Hospitals, Sasaram, Rohtas. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge score and practice and to nd out the association between knowledge &amp; practice of health care workers with the selected demographic variables. The methodology used for the study was Descriptive survey approach. Samples and Sample Size were 60 health care workers with convenient sampling techniques. 7 sociodemographic data and 30 self-structured questionnaires were used as the instrument to data collection. Data was analyzed and interpreted on the basis of Descriptive (frequency, percentage) and inferential (chi square) statistical methods. The ndings of the study revealed that majority (35) 58.34% of the study subjects had good level of knowledge followed by (25) 41.67% of them had average knowledge level, whereas none had poor level of knowledge regarding biomedical waste management. And also, the ndings of the studyrevealed that majority (58) 96.67% of the study subjects had adequate practice followed (2) 3.33% of them had inadequate practice. An information booklet was provided to all the study subjects with average knowledge score regarding Biomedical waste management. Proper handling, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste are important elements of health care ofce infection control programme. Correct procedure will help protect health care workers, patients and the local community. The main aim of the study is to provide knowledge and practices regarding bio-medical waste management among health care workers.

Improving Awareness of Safe Sleeping Practices for Babies on a Mother and Baby Psychiatric Unit

IntroductionSIDS is the sudden, unexpected and unexplained death of a baby. Safe sleeping practices can help to reduce a baby’s risk of SIDS. At the Coombe Wood Mother &amp; Baby Unit (MBU), it was found that many patients were opting to co-sleep with their babies which contradicts safe sleeping guidelines.ObjectivesTo improve patient awareness of the condition SIDS and to implement an interactive training session improving awareness of safe sleeping practices for babies. To improve patients’ confidence in implementing safe sleeping practices for their babies; thus reducing the risk of SIDS occurring.MethodsThe Lullaby Trust™ is a charity that raises awareness of SIDS and provides expert advice on safe sleep for babies. An interactive training session for patients was organised by incorporating published materials from The Lullaby Trust™, facilitated by medical and occupational therapy staff on the MBU. The participants filled out a pre-training and post-training questionnaire to test the effectiveness and quality of the training session.ResultsThe participants’ average level of confidence in knowing and applying safe sleeping practices for their babies doubled following the training session (from 2.3→4.8 and 2.6→5 respectively, with 5 meaning “Very Confident.”) The average level of knowledge of SIDS also increased from 1.6→4.4 (with 5 meaning “A Lot” of Knowledge.)ConclusionsWe were surprised at the low level of knowledge and confidence the patients had regarding safe sleeping practices for their babies. This project shows how interactive, ward-based training can be an effective way to engage and stimulate patients into improving the safety of their baby care.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

GAMIFICATION AS A WAY TO INCREASE STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN MASTERING SURGICAL DISCIPLINES

The key function of the modern teacher is to reveal the cognitive abilities of students to learn and find internal motivators, which is manifested in the maximum interest of the student to acquire knowledge. It is clear that the introduction of modern trends (gamifi cation) in the educational process requires signifi cant fi nancial costs. However, in our opinion, the process of gamifi cation may include not only the development of costly computer games, but also the application of the principles of board games, in particular, such as «Memo».In order to study the impact of the application of the principles of the board game «Memo» for interesting and better learning of material of surgical disciplines, a pedagogical experiment was conducted.The use of this method for mastering the material by students in 5 academic groups of the 5-th year is analyzed – totally 64 students took part in the pedagogical experiment. Analyzing the number of correct answers, it was found that students in the main group were more likely to answer correctly than students in the control group 84% (21 cards) against 72% (18 cards). The application of the method in the group with a lower average level of knowledge in surgical disciplines showed that the number of correct answers was 76% (19 cards), which is higher than the number of correct answers in the control group. Re-survey of the studied material a month later in the main and control group showed better results in the main group (17 cards (68%) in the control groupagainst 76% (19 cards) in the main group). This indicates a better assimilation of the material, both in the short and long term.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN PADA KADER GAMPONG MEUNASAH INTAN KECAMATAN KUTA BARO KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR DALAM PENCEGAHAN STUNTING

Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem caused by inadequate nutritional intake for a long time. There are around 8-10 children under the stunting category in Meunasah Intan Village, Aceh Besar District. The actions taken by Integrated Healthcare Center (posyandu) cadres are providing counseling about feeding, motor stimulation, and working together with nutrition workers at the puskesmas. This study uses a pre-experimental design type one group pretest-posttest design. The population is Posyandu cadres, Gampong Meunasah Intan, Kuta Baro District, Aceh Besar Regency with 14 cadres. Based on the results of the counseling, it is known that the average level of knowledge of cadres before being given counseling is 9.64 and after being given counseling is 11.50. The level of knowledge of cadres before and after being given counseling experienced a significant increase, namely 0.00 &lt; 0.05. So, it can be concluded that there are differences in the level of knowledge of cadres about stunting prevention before and after being given counseling. This shows that this change is sufficient to improve the knowledge of posyandu cadres about stunting to be used as capital in carrying out monitoring activities for growth and nutritional status at the posyandu, as well as being able to provide counseling to families of children under five who are at risk or experiencing stunting.

A Descriptive Study to assess the learning needs and self-care practice regarding post natal care among mothers who underwent LSCS with a view to develop and distribute an information booklet at selected hospital in Udaipur city, Rajasthan

Mothers undergoing caesarean section have not expected this operative procedure and were unable to perform self-care practices during post-operative period. The proper guidance promotes maternal and neonatal wellbeing by adopting a holistic approach to care and prevent complication like puerperal infection, wound sepsis, neonatal morbidity, and also length of hospital stay after surgery. Present study was aimed to assess the learning needs and self-care practice regarding post natal care among mothers who underwent LSCS. 120 samples were selected using non probability purposive sampling technique and structured interview schedule and five points likert scale was used for data collection. Findings in terms of learning need revealed that 62.50% of respondents had poor level of knowledge, 35% had average level of knowledge and 2.5 % had good level of knowledge. The overall mean knowledge scores regarding postnatal care were 45.10%. findings related to self care practices shows that 99.17% respondents were having poor practice on self care on 2nd day &amp; 86.67% on 3rd day &amp; 50% on the 4th day, whereas 0.83%, 13.33% and 50% respondents were having average practices on 2nd, 3rd and 4th day respectively. At the same time none of the respondents were having good practices on 2nd, 3rd as well as on 4th day. In this study showed that the postnatal mothers had high learning needs regarding post natal care after caesarean section and their self care practice performed was poor. The self care practice was increased every day, because of the awareness created by the health personnel during hospital stay. Information booklet can be helpful to increase the knowledge and to improve the self care practices as well.

TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN MAHASISWA KESEHATAN TENTANG DAGUSIBU OBAT DI UNIVERSITAS TADULAKO SULAWESI TENGAH

DaGuSiBu (Get, Use, Save and Dispose) is one of the programs to increase public awareness regarding the proper and correct use and management of drugs through information on how to get, use, store and dispose of drugs properly. The purpose of this study was to determine the average percentage level of knowledge of Get, Use, Store and Dispose of Medicines and the level of knowledge of DaGuSiBu Medicine among health students at Tadulako University. This research method uses an observational research design with a cross sectional approach and data collection through a google form questionnaire on 354 health students class 2018-2020. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The results showed that the level of knowledge of health students at Tadulako University based on the average percentage in the aspect of Getting Drugs could be categorized enough with a percentage value of 61.81%, Use of Drugs was categorized as good with a percentage value of 80.11%, Save Medicines was categorized as less with a percentage value of 51, 81%, and wasting medicine was categorized as sufficient with a percentage value of 64.58%. The level of knowledge of Tadulako University's health students about DaGuSiBu Drugs that are included in the good category are (63.28%), the sufficient category is (32.20%) and the less category is (4.52%). The conclusion of this study, the knowledge of health students at Tadulako University about DaGuSiBu Medicine can be said to be good.  Keywords        : DAGUSIBU, Knowledge, Students Health

Developing safe porter protective syringe cap to prevent percutaneous injuries; a semi-experimental study

Background: Although healthcare professionals know how to avoid needle sticks, current safe syringes are not capable of preventing percutaneous injuries 100%. Therefore, infections caused by needle sticks could not be completely prevented.Methods: First of all, a Likert type questionnaire were applied as a qualitative method in the study. Based on these survey data, 4 different types of safety syringe caps were developed and tested in a quasi-experimental method.Results: The research was carried out with 344 health vocational school students. As a result of the research, the average level of knowledge of the students about percutaneous injuries was in female students (n=223, 64.8%) compared to male students (n=121, 35.2%) (females, mean: 78.8±10, males, mean: 76.5±10) (p=0.256) in the second grades compared to the first graders. It was found to be higher (1st class: 77.3, 2nd class: 81.0) (p=0.049). The mean level of knowledge showed a significant difference according to educational level (p=0.049), but did not show a significant difference according to programs (p=0.371) and gender (p=0.256). Among the safe injector caps of different diameters developed against percutaneous injuries, the largest diameter injector cap was defined as the most successful, safe syringe cap that prevents percutaneous injuries (p&lt;0.001).Conclusions: It was observed that education or experience was not significantly effective in preventing percutaneous injuries caused by needle sticks, and that percutaneous injuries and thus infections could be prevented by increasing syringe cap diameters.

Effect of multimedia on student performance: the case of Chinese musical classes

ABSTRACT The work aims at improving Chinese music lessons using multimedia technologies. In this regard, the authors applied some testing methods, as well as statistical calculations. The research process involved 160 Chinese school and university students. The test results showed that the main percentage of the respondents had an average level of knowledge at the introductory stage – 52% of the school students and 58% of the university students. Repetitions of notes and melodies aurally caught the greatest interest of the school students (27%) during learning, and so did reproductions of sound effects in the university students (24%) according to some specified parameters. The authors developed a multimedia training program based on the data obtained, using, inter alia, interactive whiteboards, electronic textbooks, software, video demonstrations and psychological support. The level of the respondents’ knowledge has increased significantly after training. Acquiring average knowledge by 3% of the school students and 6% of the university students confirms this. The calculation of standard deviations showed that the majority of the respondents confirmed their high level of knowledge, since there was practically no standard deviation. This indicator was 0.06 and 0.002 for the school students and the university students, respectively.

THE ROLES OF CADRE AS A SUPPORT GROUP FOR PEOPLE WHO LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS

The people living with HIV (PLWH) are vulnerable population with several health problems and stigma from the community. People living with HIV need social support from the people around them, include community health worker as support groups. The purpose of this activity was to increase the knowledge and attitude of cadre as support group in providing support to PLWH. This program consists of health education and training as support group for PLWH. The target of the activity was 20 community health workers in Turen district, Malang Regency. The activity was held on October 16, 2021. Participants were given a knowledge and attitude questionnaire before and after the activity. The results of the paired t test about community health worker knowledge obtained a value of 0.000 (&lt;p value 0.05) so it means there was a significant difference between the average level of pre-test and post-test cadre knowledge. The results of the paired t test about community health worker attitudes obtained a value of 0.000 (&lt;p value 0.05) so it menas that there is a significant difference between the average of pre-test and post-test community health worker attitudes. It can be concluded that support group training can improve the knowledge and attitudes of community health worker as support group for PLWH.

Knowledge of the University students toward premarital screening program

Premarital screening program is a method that can accurately identify asymptomatic carriers of hemoglobinopathies and provide genetic counselling to couples for a healthy reproductive life. To assess the university students’ knowledge of the premarital screening program. Method: a cross-sectional design using systematic random sample technique for selecting 265 students from the four constituent colleges of the university. Self-administered questionnaire consisted of 3 parts to collect data: students’ demographic data, students’ knowledge about hereditary diseases, and premarital screening program. The study findings revealed that more than half of the students had a positive family history of hereditary diseases. Most of them were aware that premarital screening program reduces the genetic and sexually-transmitted diseases. Around half of them had an average knowledge level about hereditary diseases and premarital screening program. The majority of the participants have an average knowledge level about the premarital screening program. Awareness and educational programs can be organized for university students and the community.

Effectiveness of Educational Intervention Regarding Child Sexual Abuse on Knowledge and Attitude of Parents

Background: Child sexual abuse is a serious violation of children’s rights and abuse of power. CSA isa matter of global concern and occurs across all socio-economic, educational, racial, and ethnic groups.There is a lack of knowledge and awareness regarding child sexual abuse and its preventive aspects.Parent education regarding CSA is important for keeping children safe.The study aimed toevaluate theeffectiveness of information package as an educational intervention,on the knowledge and attitude ofparents regarding CSA.Methodology: An experimental, pre-test post-test control group design was adopted for the study.The setting of the study was selected schools of Bangalore. The sample included 300 parents (150 inexperimental and 150 in control group). The outcome variables were knowledge and attitude. The datawas collected using socio-demographicperforma, knowledge questionnaire and attitude scale.Results: The majority of the parents in both the experimental and control group had an average levelof knowledge and a moderately favorable attitude about prevention of CSA. There was a significantdifference in the post-test knowledge(22.10±3.15 and 12.19±3.20; F = 101.33; p &lt;0.001) and attitudescores (102.23±10.67; 84.23±15.18; F = 54.88; p&lt;0.001)of parents regarding CSA in the experimentalgroup when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The Educational interventionwas effectivein improving the knowledge and bringing a favorable change in the attitude of parents regarding CSAin the experimental group. The Information package is recommended for use as a primary preventioneffort for educating parents on CSA