Average Daily Systolic Blood Pressure Research Articles

Influence of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular remodeling in hypertensive patients with accompanying type 2 diabetes

Aim. To compare the results of 12-week treatment of patients with stage II hypertension (HTN) with accompanying diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 between the combination of metformin + dapagliflozin and metformin monotherapy by studying changes in the elastic properties of the common carotid arteries (CCA), echocardiographic indicators, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and laboratory parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Materials and methods. 24 patients with stage II HTN with type 2 DM were involved in the study, the average age was 60.4 years, 50 % – men. Patients in the first group were randomized to receive metformin, and the second group – to receive a combination of metformin and dapagliflozin. At inclusion and after 3 months of treatment, basic anthropometric data, laboratory indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, ABPM, echocardiography, and indicators of CCA local stiffness were studied. Statistical analysis was performed, the probability of differences is at the level of p < 0.05. Results. In both observation groups, there was a comparable decrease in SCORE 2-Diabetes range, glucose and glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, average daily systolic blood pressure (SBP), daily SBP load, day and night pulse BP, as well as an increase in speed systolic movement of the lateral fibrous ring of the mitral valve (S lat). Only in the metformin + dapagliflozin group a decrease in the adipose tissue level, the average daily diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the burden of DBP, the size of the left atrium and right ventricle, an increase in the movement speeds of the medial (e’med), lateral (e’lat) ring of the mitral and of the tricuspid (e’tk) valve in the period of early diastolic filling of the ventricles, velocities of systolic movement of the medial fibrous ring of the mitral (S med) and tricuspid (S tk) valves, a decrease in the ratio E/e’, and an improvement in the elastic properties of general carotid arteries were observed. Conclusions. In persons with HTN stage II with DM type 2 the addition of dapagliflozin to the treatment regimen was associated with better control of blood pressure, improvement of diastolic function and longitudinal contractility of the left ventricle, elastic properties of CCA.

FEATURES OF AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING WITH DIFFERENT BLOOD PRESSURE PROFILES IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION DISEASE OF MIDDLE AND ELDERLY AGE

Background. Insufficient night-time reduction of blood pressure (BP) and night hypertension are associated with an increased risk of death regardless of the average daily BP. The study of daily BP profiles is very relevant in patients with hypertension of different age categories due to the high risk of thrombotic complications.
 Aim: of the study was to determine the peculiarities of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) indices in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients depending on the daily BP profile.
 Materials and methods. ABPM indicators were determined in 125 patients who were divided into 2 groups. 1st group (n=82) – middle-aged hypertensive patients (45-59 years old); 2nd group (n=43) – elderly hypertensive patients (60-74 years old). In the groups of middle-aged and elderly subjects 2 groups of daily BP profiles were distinguished: "dipper" and "non-dipper".
 Indices of ABPM were determined using a portable recorder ABPM-04 (company "Meditech", Hungary). Measurements of BP were performed every 15 minutes during the day (from 6 to 22 hours) and every 30 minutes at night (from 22 to 6 hours). We determined the following indices: the average daily systolic BP (SBP) (mm Hg), the average daly diastolic BP (DBP) (mm Hg), the average BP (mm Hg); the maximal daily SBP (mm Hg), the maximal daily DBP (mm Hg). The daily index (DI) was also calculated − the percentage of BP decrease at night compared to daytime BP calculated in % DI of SBP, DI of DBP, DI of average BP.
 Results. The baseline BP level in the average daily SBP and DBP in middle-aged patients of dipper group was significantly higher by 49,6% and corresponded to 155,9±12,0 mm Hg (p<0,001) and 50,4% and was 97,3±6,1 mm Hg (p<0,01). Similar results are observed in the average BP and the maximal daily SBP and the maximal daily DBP values which were significantly higher than the control group by 21,5% (p<0,05) and equaled 110,0±3,6 mm Hg and 21,3% and amounted to 176,3±23,5 mm Hg (p<0,05) and 23,6% and amounted to 117,0±19,2 mm Hg (p<0,05). The baseline BP level in the average daily and maximal SBP, the average daily DBP and the average BP in patients of non-dipper group was significantly higher by 50,8% (p<0,01) and corresponded to 157,1±12,9 mm Hg and 27,4% and equal to 176,9±24,0 mm Hg (p<0,05), 63,8% and amounted to 106,0±1,0 mm Hg (p<0,05) and 44% and was 124,3±6,8 mm Hg (p<0,05) too. In the surveyed elderly patients only the average daily DBP was significantly different from the corresponding control indicator and was lower by 21,4% (p<0,05) and amounted to 91,5±0,7 mm Hg in dipper and 23,1% (p<0,01) and was 93,5±0,7 mm Hg in non-dipper group.
 Conclusion. Non-dipper group predominates in the structure of daily BP rhythm in elderly hypertensive patients (62,8% versus 37,2%). The average BP decreases in elderly patients of non-dipper group by 11,1% (p<0,05) reliably to patients of middle age.

PECULIARITIES OF 24 HOUR AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING INDICES IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

Relevance. Until now, there is an ongoing debate about the value of different indicators of blood pressure (BP) − systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse blood pressure (PBP) as predictors of essential hypertension (EH). In this regard the issue of target BP levels in patients of different ages remains studied incompletely.
 Objective is to determine peculiarities of 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring indices in patients with essential hypertension, stage II of different age groups.
 Materials and methods. ABPM indicators were determined in 130 patients who were divided into 4 groups. 1st group (n=57) – middle-aged hypertensive patients (45-59 years old); 2nd group (n=43) – elderly hypertensive patients (60-74 years old); 3rd group (n=15) – middle-aged patients without EH – control for the 1st group; 4th group (n=15) − elderly patients without EH − control for the 2nd group. Indices of ABPM were determined using a portable recorder ABPM-04 (company "Meditech", Hungary). Measurements of BP were performed every 15 minutes during the day (from 6 to 22 hours) and every 30 minutes at night (from 22 to 6 hours). We determined the following indices: the average daily SBP (mm Hg), the average daly DBP (mm Hg), the average BP (mm Hg); the maximal daily SBP (mm Hg), the maximal daily DBP (mm Hg). The daily index (DI) was also calculated − the percentage of BP decrease at night compared to daytime BP calculated in % DI of SBP, DI of DBP, DI of average BP.
 Results. In group 1 the average and maximal DBP were lower than in group 2 by 7,4% (p<0,001) and 13,1% (p<0,05), respectively. In group 1, the average daily and maximal SBP decreased by 3,8% and 4,1%, respectively; average heart rate by 3,8%; DI of SBP by 7,8% and DI of average BP by 5,8% but the data were unreliably smaller compared to the data of middle-aged patients. In group 1, the maximal DBP, DI SBP and DBP were not significantly different from the corresponding indicators in the control group. The maximal DBP was higher by 29,3% and amounted to 115,6±21,0 mm Hg and DI SBP and DI DBP are lower by 11,1% and 17,9%, respectively; and were equal to 9,6±7,4 and 13,8±8,1, respectively. In the 2nd group the following parameters decreased unreliably (p>0,05): heart rate by 8,6% and was 63,0±9,1/min., DI SBP by 17,6% and was 8,9±5,5%; DI DBP by 16,1% and was 14,1±7,1%; DI of average BP– by 20,4% and was equal to 11,3±6,1%.
 Conclusions. It is found that with the age DBP decreases with steadily increased SBP in hypertensive patients. The average daily and the maximal daily DBP are significantly less by 7,4% (p<0,001) and 13,1% (p<0,05) accordingly in elderly patients compared with the middle-aged.

Антигіпертензивна ефективність препарату Хітен (периндоприл) у хворих із м’якою та помірною артеріальною гіпертензією

Мета: вивчити антигіпертензивну ефективність і переносимість препарату Хітен (периндоприл) виробництва компанії «Ауробіндо Фарма Лімітед», Індія, у хворих з м’якою й помірною артеріальною гіпертензією. Методи. У дослідження були включені 53 пацієнти. Здійснювався контроль офісного артеріального тиску (АТ) і частоти серцевих скорочень, ефективності проведеної терапії, реєструвалися випадки розвитку побічних реакцій, проводилися амбулаторне моніторування АТ, контроль біохімічних показників сироватки крові, загальний аналіз крові. Хітен у дозі 4–8 мг 1 раз на день призначався протягом 30 днів. У випадках, коли не було досягнуто цільового рівня офісного АТ, при необхідності додавався гідрохлортіазид у дозі 12,5 мг 1 раз на день. Загальний курс лікування для одного пацієнта становив 6 місяців. Середній вік хворих становив 51,38 ± 1,40 року, індекс маси тіла — 29,50 ± 0,59 кг/м2. Вихідний рівень офісного середнього систолічного АТ (САТ) і діастолічного АТ (ДАТ) у цілому по групі становив 156,77 ± 0,66 мм рт.ст. і 95,19 ± 0,98 мм рт.ст. Результати. Встановлено, що у хворих із м’якою і помірною артеріальною гіпертензією лікування Хітеном (периндоприлом) у дозі 4–8 мг (одним або в комбінації з гідрохлортіазидом) забезпечує достовірне зниження як офісного САТ — на 28,67 мм рт.ст. і ДАТ — на 14,57 мм рт.ст., так і середньодобового САТ — на 14,14 мм рт.ст. і ДАТ — на 7,55 мм рт.ст., а також зниження індексів часу й тиску. Цільовий АТ за даними офісного вимірювання (< 140/90 мм рт.ст.) було досягнуто у 88 %, за даними добового моніторування АТ (< 130/80 мм рт.ст.) — у 78 % випадків. Відміна препарату була в 3 пацієнтів (5,6 %). Висновок. Результати проведеного дослідження свідчать про високу антигіпертензивну ефективність і добру переносимість лікування Хітеном (периндоприлом) як монотерапії, так і в комбінації з гідрохлортіазидом у хворих з м’якою та помірною АГ.

Features of the clinical course of arterial hypertension in patients with gene polymorphism under the influence of antihypertensive medicines

Arterial hypertension is a very heterogeneous disease, therefore the influence of environmental factors along with genetic factors leads to various options for the development and course of arterial hypertension. The aim of the study – to find out the effect of fixed combinations of antihypertensive drugs on the features of the clinical course of arterial hypertension in patients with gene polymorphism. We examined 86 patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 consisted of 43 people who received a fixed combination of valsartan and amlodipine, group 2 included 43 patients who received a fixed combination of olmesartan and amlodipine. In patients of group 1, a significant decrease in average daily systolic blood pressure (SBP) in carriers of the AC genotype of the AGTR1 gene was established by 7.0% (p<0.01), as well as SBP and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) in carriers of the CC genotype by 11.3 % and 9.8% (p<0.01) respectively. Carriers of the TT, TC, and CC genotypes of the eNOS gene had a significant decrease in SBP by 7.8%, 8.3%, and 13.6% (p<0.01), respectively, and DBP was significantly different from the indicator before treatment in carriers of the CC genotype and decreased by 11.0% (p<0.02). In patients of group 2, a significant decrease in SBP in carriers of the AC genotype of the AGTR1 gene was established by 8.2 % and in DBP in carriers of the CC genotype by 11.2% (p<0.01). Carriers of TT, TC and CC genotypes of the eNOS gene had a probable decrease in the level of average daily SBP by 8.3%, 9.7% and 16.5%, respectively, compared to the level before treatment (p<0.01). In carriers of the CC genotype of the eNOS gene, BP decreased by 13.2% (p<0.01). It has been proven that the use of fixed combinations of valsartan with amlodipine and olmesartan with amlodipine in terms of its effect on the clinical course and the level of SBP and DBP in patients with arterial hypertension with a gene polymorphism is almost the same and is most pronounced in carriers of the CC genotype of the AGTR1 and eNOS genes. Keywords: valsartan, olmesartan, amlodipine.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of statin and spironolactone by the influence on indicators of vascular stiffness in patients with arterial hypertension

Abstract Introduction The possibility of slowing down vascular remodeling in hypertensive patients with the combined effect of antihypertensive drugs and statins has been studied in unitary studies. The effect of spironolactone on vascular stiffness in relation to the severity of the hypotensive effect in combination therapy has also been insufficiently studied. The aim of the research was to study the dynamics vascular stiffness parameters in hypertension patients of high/very high cardiovascular risk in addition rosuvastatin or spironolactone to combined two-component amlodipine and lisinopril therapy. Methods 90 patients (46 men and 44 women aged 51.6±8.5) with hypertension were randomized into groups: the first group received a fixed combination of amlodipine/lisinopril, the 2nd one followed the same regimen of therapy with addition of 20 mg rosuvastatin, the third - in addition to the combination of amlodipine / lisinopril received 25 mg of spironolactone. The office and ambulatory blood pressure (BP), central (aortic) BP, augmentation index (AIx), carotid-femoral and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (PWV) were evaluated before and after a 24-week follow-up period. Results The office and average daily blood pressure decreased against the background of all therapy regimens (all p<0.0001). The degree of decrease in the above parameters was more pronounced under the influence of spironolactone, compared with taking a combination of amlodipine / lisinopril (office systolic BP (SBP) p=0.04 and diastolic BP (DBP) p=0.002, average daily SBP p=0.02 and DBP p=0.014) and office DBP in comparison with the group of additional administration of rosuvastatin (p=0.02). A decrease in central BP and AIx was noted in all groups. A more pronounced decrease in AIx occurred in the statin supplementation group relative to the standard treatment group (−5.8% and −9.0%, respectively, p=0.036). Carotid-femoral PWV significantly decreased in all groups (−0.9±1.5 m/s, −0.7±1.4 m/s, −2.2±2.6 m/s, respectively), in greater degree in the spironolactone addition group compared with the statin supplementation group (p=0.036). Carotid-radial PWV to the same extent significantly decreased only in the second (from 9.5±1.8 to 8.8±1.1 m/s (p=0.034)) and the third (from 9.8±1.3 to 8.4±1.3 m/s (p=0.0002)) groups. Conclusions The addition of a statin to a two-component combination of amlodipine / lisinopril in the treatment of hypertensive patients had an additional effect on the elastic properties of the aorta, in the form of a decrease in the augmentation index, and peripheral arteries, in the form of a decrease in PWV. The addition of spironolactone to standard therapy was accompanied by a significant increase in the antihypertensive effect and a decrease in aortic stiffness in the form of a more pronounced decrease in PWV in the carotid-femoral and carotid-radial areas. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Dynamics of blood pressure indicators in patients with diabetes mellitus after planned percutaneous coronary intervention

Arterial hypertension (AH) is a common modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Despite the wide choice of antihypertensive drugs, according to epidemiological studies, just over 20% of patients demonstrate effective control of hypertension. Failure to achieve the target values of blood pressure (BP) determines a high probability of developing cardiovascular events, which is also true for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). However, there is evidence that individuals who have undergone PCI show a higher percentage of achieving the target blood pressure levels. Aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of blood pressure indicators in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes mellitus, depending on the fact of performing PCI.Material and methods. The study was conducted at federal state budgetary scientific institution research institute of complex issues of cardiovascular diseases as a prospective, open, not comparative. The study included 75 patients with stable CAD and type 2 diabetes who regularly received therapy for at least 1 month prior to the start of participation in this study. The majority of patients 45 (60%) are represented by males. The median age was 52.64±6.96 years. 44 patients (58.81%) had a history of myocardial infarction, and 46 patients (61.33%) had previously undergone myocardial revascularization, history of stroke had 5 patients (6.66%). All patients according to the daily blood pressure monitoring at the 1st visit had average daily blood pressure values above 130/80 mmHg. Participants were divided into 2 groups: 43 patients had indications for routine PCI at the time of inclusion in the study, 32 patients had no indications for revascularization. The groups did not have significant differences in clinical and anamnestic characteristics, and regular significant differences were noted in relation to previously undergone revascularization (46.51 and 81.25%, respectively, p=0.0022) and the SYNTAX Score (14.39±9.20 and 6.13±8.28, respectively, p=0.0001). During 4 visits (1 visit, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months), ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed using the BiPiLAB system.Results. Initially according ABPM parameters group without the alleged PCI had greater variability in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the daytime, higher values of mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at night, more time index of hypertension DBP at night. After 1 month of follow — up (for the group with PCI 1 month after the procedure), there were significant differences in the average daily SBP and DBP, the index of the time of hypertension DBP in the daytime, and the average daily SBP. Patients who underwent revascularization had lower ABPM values. The previously described differences in the night time DBP and the index of hypertension time at night were preserved. After 3 months of follow-up, significant differences were observed only in the indicators of night time SAD and DBP. At the end of the study (6 months of follow-up), the groups had differences only in the indicators of mean diastolic pressure at night.Conclusion. Patients who underwent PCI for 1 month after the procedure have a significant tendency to normalize (compared to the group without revascularization) blood pressure indicators. However, over time, the effect «escapes». Most likely, the short-term improvement in blood pressure is due to a temporary improvement in treatment adherence after an invasive procedure.

Clinical-instrumental Characteristic of the Combined Course of Chronic Gastroduodenitis and Primary Arterial Hypertension in Children

The objective: to provide clinical and instrumental characteristic of the combined course of chronic gastroduodenitis (CGD) and primary arterial hypertension (PAH) in children.Materials and methods. We examined 154 children: group I – 47 children with a combination of CGD and PAH; group II – 52 children with isolated PAH; group III – 55 children with CGD and normal blood pressure.Results. Children of group I compared with group III had nausea (p=0,046) and gastric heaviness (p=0,04) more often. Children of group I more often than in children of group II (p=0,04) and group III (p=0,02) troubled by increased fatigue. Dizziness (p=0,001), palpitations (p=0,04), and cardialgia (p=0,04) were observed more frequently s group I compared to group III. On ECG sinus tachycardia was in 40,4 % of children in group I compared with 21,2 % of children ingroup II (p=0,04) and 7,3 % of children in group III (р<0,001). The voltage in group I was 29,2±1,0 mV compared to 28,9±1,2 mV in group II (p=0,85) and 25,8±1,2 mV in group III (p=0,04). By DMBP, in group I there was a tendency for higher average daily systolic blood pressure (SBP) (142,1±1,7 mm Hg and 137.8±1.4 mm Hg; p=0,05) and significantly lower diastolic blood pressure (DBP) indicators (70,7±1,1 mm Hg and 74,3±1,3 mmHg; p=0,03) compared with the group II.Conclusions. Children with combination of CGD and PAH compared with the isolated course of CGD and PAH are more common dyspeptic syndrome, signs of chronic nonspecific intoxication, tachycardia and signs of high hemodynamic load on the ECG.

Possibilities of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and newly diagnosed tuberculosis, including those associated with HIV infection, when prescribing long-acting β2-agonists

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are a common pathology among respiratory diseases. Both conditions may have common risk factors, aggravating each other, accom-panied by the development of bronchial obstructive syndrome, requiring mandatory medical correction to increase the effectiveness of therapy for both the main and concomitant pathologies. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of treatment of TB in patients with COPD first diagnosed with tuberculosis, including those associated with HIV when prescribing long-acting β2-agonists. Materials and methods. A simple com-parative study included 60 patients of a TB dispensary aged 30–65 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups of 30 people (TB+COPD and TB+COPD+HIV), each of whom for 2 months received a long-acting β-agonist (indacaterol) as an accompanying therapy for the cor-rection of bronchial obstructive syndrome (BOS), with subsequent assessment of the effectiveness of therapy. Results. Subjectively, patients of both groups noted the rapid development of positive dynamics (short-ness of breath decreased from 1–3 days of taking the drug, coughing — within a week, tolerance to physical exertion improved), which was confirmed by indica-tors of the function of external respiration (FEV1). The state of the cardiovascular system was assessed by the results of daily monitoring of blood pressure (BPM). In the COPD+TB group, there is a certain average daily systolic blood pressure (SBP) with a tendency to nor-malize indicators, which is possibly associated with a decrease in the severity of hypoxia during bronchodi-lator therapy. In the COPD+TB+HIV group, the average daily level of SBP increased by 1 mm Hg, but given the very low starting rates, the increase in blood pressure had a positive effect on the patients' condition. The average heart rate (HR) during bronchodilator thera-py did not tend to increase. The best TB treatment re-sults were obtained in the TB+COPD group. In terms of the closure rate of TB+COPD decay cavities — 26.6%, TB+COPD+HIV — 20.0%), the TB+COPD+HIV group had longer periods of abacillation and closure of decay cav-ities, which is associa ted with the severity of the under-lying and associated diseases. The drug was well toler-ated in both groups. Conclusion. The use of 300 mcg long-acting β-adrenomimetics in the complex therapy of β2-adrenergic agonists for patients with TB+COPD and TB+ COPD+HIV can reduce the severity of bronchial obstruction syndrome, improve quality of life, increase adherence to TB treatment, thereby shortening hospi-talization and reduce the likelihood of disability of pa-tients, without the development of side effects from other organs and systems.

P4564Sympathetic renal denervation in patients with refractory arterial hypertension: 2-years follow-up

Abstract Aim To evaluate the efficacy of the sympathetic renal denervation procedure in patients with refractory arterial hypertension and heart failure. Methods The study included 72 patients with refractory arterial hypertension. We used randomization in 2 main groups: the Group I (n=36) included patients, who underwent denervation procedure of the main trunk of the renal artery and the Group 2 (n=36) - included patients who underwent denervation procedure in main trunk and also in second-order renal arteries. Additionally, patients were divided into 2 subgroups: the subgroup A (n=30) included patients, who underwent denervation procedure with a SYMPLICITY catheter, and the subgroup B (n=42) - included patients who underwent denervation procedure with a VESSIX catheter. Also, the renal denervation procedure efficacy, in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) was analyzed. In all groups, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, echocardiography and a 6-minute walk test were monitored. Inclusion criteria: refractory hypertension, age of patients 18–85 years, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140/90 mmHg and ≥130/90 mmHg in patients with diabetes mellitus, functioning kidneys, renal arteries ≥40 mm in diameter and the length of the site up to the first bifurcation of at least 20 mm, absence of stenoses in the renal arteries, GFR≥40 ml/min/1.73m2, suitable anatomy of the renal arteries for endovascular procedure. Results 24 months result after the denervation procedure was demonstrated significantly decreased SBP in patients of both groups. In group I, it was, compared with pre-operative data (174.9±1.6 vs. 151.7±2.3 mmHg, respectively; p<0.05), and in group II - 181.9±2.1 vs. 140.4±3.8 mmHg, respectively; p<0.05). However, when comparing SBP values between groups, SBP in group I was significantly higher, than in group II (151.7±2.3 vs. 140.4±3.8 mmHg, respectively; p<0.05). In addition, the average number of drugs in group I was decreased to 2.1±0.8 after 24th month, and in group II - to 1.4±0.6 (p<0.05). When comparing SBP value in subgroup A and subgroup B, the average daily SBP also significantly difference and amounted to 147.8±1.8 vs. 138.4±3.2 mmHg, respectively; p<0.05). Among the all patients included in the study, 38 patients were with CHF. The 6-minute walk test results, compared with pre-operative data, showed a significant improvement and amounted to 321.24±83.22 vs. 212.42±54.72m, respectively; p<0.05. Conclusions The sympathetic renal denervation may be regarded as an effective method of treatment of patients with resistant hypertension, as well as patients with concomitant chronic heart failure. Performing denervation in the arteries of the second order, significantly improves the prognosis of patients, and in patients with concomitant heart failure significantly increases the quality of life and exercise tolerance. Acknowledgement/Funding Russian Academic Excellence Project 5-100

CARDIOVASCULAR REMODELING IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

Introduction: Recently, the concept of vascular cognitive impairment, combining all variants of cognitive decline due to cerebrovascular insufficiency, is actively being developed. This concept goes far beyond traditionally existing ideas about the problem of vascular cognitive disturbances. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the correlation between the indices of structural and functional rearrangement of the cardiovascular system and the state of intellectualmnemonic functions in patients with hypertension. Materials and methods: A comprehensive survey of 146 patients with hypertension of the II and III stage according to ESH / ESC 2013, 2017, 2018 has been performed. The study included patients with mild and moderate cognitive impairment (CI). Depending on the state of the cognitive sphere and on the basis of the results of the neuronpsychological testing, The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the state of the cognitive sphere and on the basis of the results of the neuron-psychological testing with further comparisons of their clinical and instrumental data. Results: According to the results of our study, it has been found that an increase of the signs of cardiovascular remodeling was observed in patients with more pronounced changes in cognitive activity. The analysis of intracardiac hemodynamic parameters in patients of the studied groups revealed more significant pathological changes in patients with cognitive impairments than in patients without them. Patients with mild and moderate CI had significantly higher heart rates, left ventricular wall thickness (LV) which led to impairment of the diastolic function of LV and had already been registered in patients without cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, it increased with the appearance (mild) and growth of the degree (moderate) cognitive impairment. The average daily values of BP (SBP, DBP) in patients of all studied groups significantly exceeded the recommended norms, while in patients with moderate CI these rates were significantly higher than those in the group with mild CI (p = 0.028). In addition, the variability of systolic blood pressure was increasing simultaneously with the deterioration of cognitive function of our patients. Also, signs of remodeling were being observed during the study of the state of peripheral vessels (increase of peripheral resistance, pulsation index, linear velocity and thickening of the intima-media complex), which is the main cause of cognitive impairment and causes their appearance and reflects their degree. Conclusions: The presented study revealed a clear correlation between the degree of cognitive impairment and the degree of changes in the daily blood pressure profile, the most important of which were the average daily systolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure variability. On the basis of the conducted research, in the future it will be possible to predict the level of the cognitive sphere involvement, depending on the state of the daily blood pressure profile, changes of the ventricle and vessels geometry, which will enable timely diagnosis of cognitive impairment and the prescription an adequate therapy.

Analysis of indicators of daily blood pressure profile in patients wi th type 1 diabetes, depending on the course of the disease

The aim: to study the features of daily profile and circadian rhythm of blood pressure (BP) in groups of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), depending on glycemic control. Materials and methods: 63 patients with T1DM, age: 18-45 years without hypertension were examined. Patients were divided into groups: Group 1 — HbA1c≤7.0% (n=21), Group 2 — HbA1c>7.0% (n=42). 10 sex- and agematched healthy controls were included. Results: Patients with T1DM had a significantly higher pulsatile blood pressure (PBP) per night, higher daily systolic blood pressure (SBP) variability, compared with healthy controls, and significantly higher daily SBP area index (SPAI24), daily SBP time index (SPTI24), daily diastolic blood pressure (DBP) area index (DPAI24), daily DBP time index (DPTI24). The double product (DP) was higher in patients with T1DM in the daytime and within 24 hours compared to control (p=0.002) and (p=0.001) respectively. Pathological profiles of daily blood pressure were found. In group 1, according to the dipping in SBP 28.57% of patients were non-dippers, 4.76% were extreme dippers. In group 2, the non-dipper profile had 33.33%, the reverse dipper had 2.38%, and extreme dipper had 11.90% of patients. According to the dipping in DBP: in group 1 33.33% were non-dippers, and 9.53% were extreme dippers. In group 2 non-dippers — 19.04%, extreme dippers — 2.38%, extreme dippers — 38.10%. HbA1c directly correlates with: (DPAI24) (ρ=0,301; р=0,014), DPAI night (ρ=0,292; р=0,010), DPTI24 (ρ=0.292; p=0.012), DPTI night (ρ=0.268; p=0.018). Conclusions. The daily blood pressure profile in patients with T1DM without arterial hypertension is characterized by insufficient decrease in BP at night, an increase in the average daily DBP, PBP, as well as DPAI24, DPTI24, DP and the variability of the average daily SBP. Poor glucose control led to led to an increase in hemodynamic load. It is the risk factor cardiovascular complications in patients with T1DM.

Improving blood pressure control, organoprotection and metabolic disorders correction in patients with hypertension switching from diuretic-based combinations to fixed combination lisinopril + amlodipine + rosuvastatin

The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of fixed combination Lisinopril + amlodipine + rozuvastatin to improve arterial elesticity in patients with hypertension and high pulse wave velocity, despite previous diuretic-based combination antihypertensive therapy. Materials and methods. In an open, observational study duration of 24 weeks was included 60 patients on previous diuretic-based combination antihypertensive therapy. All participants underwent 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, applanation tonometry (augmentation index and central blood pressure), pulse wave velocity measurement, laboratory tests (lipid profile, fasting glucose, insulin resistance index - NOMA), leptin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein before and after the switching to a fixed combination of lisinopril + amlodipine + rosuvastatin. Results. According to measurements of office blood pressure switching of patients on double combinations based on diuretics to a fixed combination of lisinopril + amlodipine + rosuvastatin, a further decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 13.7% and diastolic BP (DBP) by 18.8% was observed. According to the ABPM, the decline in the average daily SBP was 15.8%, DBP - 22.5%, average SBP - 16.2%, DBP - 19.8%. The combination of lisinopril + amlodipine + rosuvastatin reduced PWV by 15.9%, augmentation index by 13.5%, central SBP by 8.4% (p

CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE INSULIN RESISTANCE SYNDROME IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH NORMAL BODY WEIGHT

Objective. To evaluate the effect of insulin resistance on arterial hypertension and target organ damage in patients with normal body weight. design and methods. The study involved 95 patients with arterial hypertension 1–2 degree (essential hypertension stage I–II) with normal body weight (body mass index 18,5– 24,9 kg/m 2) aged 30–50 years. The examination included fasting blood glucose, immunoreactive insulin, the index of insulin resistance — QUICKI factor, as well as lipids, serum uric acid and microalbuminuria. In addition, patients underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, duplex scanning of neck vessels, echocardiography, endothelial function assessment. Results. The rate of insulin resistance-hyperinsulinaemia syndrome was 36 % in the studied group of hypertensive patients with normal body weight. Hypertensive patients with insulin resistance had higher average daily systolic blood pressure, higher rate and more severe target organ damage (left ventricular hypertrophy, endothelial dysfunction, intima media thickness). Among metabolic disorders, dyslipidemia was predominant, in particular, hypertriglyceridemia, as well as increased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and decrease in HDL-cholesterol. conclusions. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia syndrome is registered in 36 % of hypertensive patients with normal body weight. They are characterized by high rate of hypertension and more severe target organ damage, and metabolic disorders (mainly hypertriglyceridemia).

Особенности интра- и экстракраниального кровотока, структурно-геометрическая и функциональная перестройка сердца и состояние вегетативной нервной системы у больных гипертонической болезнью II стадии в зависимости от статуса курильщика

Систематическое курение табака является серьезной угрозой для здоровья населения, особенно для лиц с повышенным риском сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Остаются нерешенными вопросы, в какой степени табакокурение влияет на прогрессирование артериальной гипертензии, нарушение вегетативного баланса, мозговой кровоток, поражение органов-мишеней.Цель. Анализ особенностей состояния мозгового кровотока, структурно-геометрической и функциональной перестройки сердца, нарушений вегетативного баланса у больных гипертонической болезнью (ГБ) ІІ стадии.Материал и методы. Обследовано 100 пациентов: 53 мужчины и 47 женщин. Средний возраст пациентов составил 52,51 ± 1,46 года. В зависимости от статуса курения (не менее 10 лет) все пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: в группу курильщиков включено 30 пациентов, в группу некурящих — 70. Всем больным проведено общеклиническое обследование с измерением массы тела и роста, с расчетом индекса массы тела, офисное измерение артериального давления (АД) и частоты сердечных сокращений, лабораторные исследования, суточное мониторирование АД, ультразвуковое исследование экстра- и интракраниальных артерий шеи и головы, определялась вариабельность сердечного ритма, выполнялась трансторакальная эхокардиоскопия. Результаты. У больных ГБ, имеющих статус курильщика, выявлено статистически достоверное увеличение мощности спектра в диапазоне низких частот на 16,5 % (р = 0,04), снижение мощности спектра в диапазоне высоких частот на 18,2 % (р = 0,04), увеличение симпатовагального индекса на 70,0 % (р = 0,01), повышение среднесуточного систолического АД (САД) на 6,5 % (р = 0,04) и среднесуточного диастолического АД (ДАД) на 7,9 % (р = 0,04), размера левого предсердия в диастолу на 8,1 % (р = 0,014), в систолу на 10,8 % (р = 0,026), толщины задней стенки левого желудочка (ЛЖ) сердца на 6,1 % (р = 0,028), толщины межжелудочковой перегородки в диастолу на 11,6 % (р = 0,004), в систолу на 10,7 % (р = 0,034), индекса массы миокарда ЛЖ на 12,2 % (р = 0,034), диастолического внутримио-кардиального напряжения на 13,9 % (р = 0,025), удлинение периода изометрического расслабления на 33,3 % (р = 0,026), индекса сосудистого сопротивления в русле правой общей сонной артерии (ОСА) на 3,3 % (р = 0,033), в русле правой средней мозговой артерии (СМА) на 8,5 % (р = 0,05), в бассейне левой СМА на 7,1 % (р = 0,042), превышение показателя «резерв вазоконстрикции» в 4,63 раза (р = 0,029) в бассейне левой внутренней сонной артерии (ВСА) и в 3,01 раза (р = 0,031) — в русле правой ВСА. Получено достоверное повышение у женщин-курильщиц по сравнению с мужчинами-курильщиками индекса сопротивления в ВСА справа на 10,8 % (0,65 ± 0,02 у.е. против 0,58 ± 0,01 у.е.; р = 0,03) и максимальной линейной скорости кровотока в ВСА слева на 22,0 % (2,88 ± 0,08 см/с против 2,36 ± 0,04 см/с; р = 0,05). При этом у женщин-курильщиц наблюдались достоверно меньшие значения систолодиастолического индекса в русле ОСА справа на 8,7 % (3,55 ± 0,19 у.е. против 3,86 ± 0,16 у.е.; р = 0,027) и индекса сопротивления в русле левой СМА на 4,9 %, чем у мужчин-курильщиков (0,450 ± 0,034 у.е. против 0,472 ± 0,024 у.е.; р = 0,027).Выводы. Курение у гипертоников ассоциируется с повышением активности симпатического и угнетением парасимпатического звеньев вегетативной нервной системы. Курильщики, страдающие ГБ, имеют достоверно более высокие цифры среднесуточного САД на 6,5 % (р = 0,04), среднесуточного ДАД на 7,9 % (р = 0,04) по сравнению с некурящими больными с ГБ. Модулирующее влияние курения на процессы патологического ремоделирования сердца у гипертоников проявляется в увеличении систолического и диастолического размеров левого предсердия, толщины стенок и массы миокарда левого желудочка, без расширения полостей сердца, при этом наблюдается увеличение диастолического внутримиокардиального напряжения левого желудочка. Структурная перестройка сердца у гипертоников под влиянием табакокурения создает условия для снижения активной релаксации и изменения диастолического наполнения левого желудочка: увеличения вклада позднего наполнения и удлинения времени изометрического расслабления. Нарушения мозгового кровотока у больных гипертонической болезнью, имеющих статус курильщика, по сравнению с некурящими гипертониками характеризуются более выраженным спазмом артерий каротидного бассейна, о чем свидетельствует повышение индексов сосудистого сопротивления и показателя «резерв вазоконстрикции» в общих сонных и средних мозговых артериях у курильщиков. Показатели кровотока в вертебробазилярном бассейне у курящих и некурящих гипертоников достоверно не различаются. Гендерные различия показателей допплерографии магистральных артерий шеи и головы у больных гипертонической болезнью, имеющих статус курильщика, характеризуются более высоким сосудистым сопротивлением в общих и внутренних сонных артериях у женщин, в средних мозговых артериях у мужчин.

RENAL DENERVATION IN THE TREATMENT OF RESISTANT HYPERTENSION: RESULTS OF A ONE-YEAR OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Aim. To study the effect of renal denervation on blood pressure (BP), myocardium function and vegetative status in patients with resistant hypertension (HT). Material and methods. Patients with a provisional resistant HT diagnosis (n=62; 41.3% male) were included into the study. 17 patients were selected for renal denervation after correction of previous antihypertensive therapy and examination to exclude symptomatic HT. Two patients refused the procedure, 1 patient hadn’t undergone renal denervation due to anatomical features (renal artery diameter <4 mm). Renal denervation was performed in 14 patients. Office and average daily BP, kidney function, the severity of left ventricular hypertrophy and heart rate variability were assessed initially and after the intervention. Results. Office systolic BP (SBP) decreased from 165 to 150 mm Hg (p=0.016), diastolic BP (DBP) - from 110 to 95 mm Hg (p=0.019) 12 months after the renal denervation. Average daily SBP decreased from 148 to 137 mm Hg (p=0.092), average daily DBP - from 90 to 80 mm Hg (p=0.401). Plasma creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate remained within the reference range at a baseline and in 12 months. Left ventricular hypertrophy measured by echocardiography has not changed significantly. No significant heart rate variability dynamics has been found. Conclusion. Renal denervation is a promising treatment for resistant HT. The effect of renal denervation on the dynamics of left ventricular hypertrophy and heart rate variability requires updating.

Вплив добового ритму артеріального тиску, прозапальних і метаболічних факторів серцево-судинного ризику на розвиток гіпертензивної нефропатії у хворих на гіпертонічну хворобу

Із метою визначення взаємозв’язку функціонального стану нирок із добовим профілем артеріального тиску (АТ), показниками вуглеводного та ліпідного обміну у хворих на гіпертонічну хворобу (ГХ) були обстежені 98 хворих на ГХ II–III стадії, 1–2-го ступеня.Усім пацієнтам проводили офісне вимірювання та добове моніторування АТ. Визначали вміст ліпідів, сечової кислоти та рівень С-реактивного протеїну (СРП) у плазмі крові, а також швидкість клубочкової фільтрації (ШКФ) за кліренсом ендогенного креатиніну та мікроальбумінурію.Установлено, що у хворих на ГХ погіршення функціонального стану нирок асоціюється з порушенням добового ритму АТ за типом non dipper, збільшенням варіабельності систолічного АТ (САТ) за добу, хронічним гемодинамічним перенавантаженням протягом доби: найбільш тісний кореляційний зв’язок ШКФ установлено з середньонічними значеннями САТ за всі періоди доби та з середньодобовим діастолічним АТ (r = –0,384, p < 0,001). У хворих на ГХ виявлено достовірну обернену кореляцію ШКФ з індексом НОМА (r = –0,417; р < 0,001), умістом інсуліну й глюкози в плазмі крові натще (r = –0,248, р < 0,05; r = –0,397, р < 0,001 відповідно) та рівнем інсуліну на 60-й хвилині глюкозотолерантного тесту (r = –0,308; р < 0,001). За допомогою багатофакторного регресійного аналізу встановлено, що факторами, пов’язаними незалежно від рівня АТ зі зниженою ШКФ у хворих на ГХ, є СРП (β = –0,285, р < 0,01), загальний холестерин (β = –0,249, р < 0,03), мікроальбумінурія (β = –0,242, р < 0,05) та індекс НОМА (β = –0,238, р < 0,05).Підвищення рівнів сечової кислоти, тригліцеридів та СРП у плазмі крові у хворих на ГХ пов’язано з поглибленням проявів гіпертензивної нефропатії (зниження ШКФ та підвищення рівня мікроальбумінурії).Гіпертензивна нефропатія у хворих на гіпертонічну хворобу асоціюється з порушеннями ліпідного обміну — підвищенням у плазмі крові рівнів загального холестерину, ліпопротеїдів низької щільності та тригліцеридів.