Availability Of Sports Facilities Research Articles

Perilaku Aktivitas Fisik dan Determinannya pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu - Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

ABSTRACT
 Based on data from the 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) groups of adolescents to young adults (15-24) have sedentary lifestyles (sedentary / lack of physical activity) of 52%. Lack of physical activity can lead to health risks especially the complications of non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension and heart problems. This study aims to determine the relationship of physical activity and its determinants. This study uses a quantitative method with a cross-sectional study design. A total of 846 FIKES UHAMKA students participated in this study. Data collected by filling out the questionnaire by students. Data analysis used the chi square test to determine the relationship between physical activity and its determinants and logistic regression to determine the predictors of physical activity. This study provides results that the average Metabolic Equivalent (MET) score is 1420.33 ± 2384.297. Respondents who have low physical activity by 47.8%, moderate physical activity by 39.6% and high physical activity by only 12.6% of respondents. There is a significant relationship between gender, work status, availability of sports facilities, lecturer support, and perception of sports on physical activity. Active physical activity is more common in male sex respondents, students who are already working, the availability of sports facilities at home or the surrounding environment, the invitation of lecturers to exercise and a good perception of sports. The results also showed that respondents who did not work, did not have sports facilities at home, and had a poor perception of sports were predictors of having passive / mild physical activity.
 Keywords : Perception, Attitude, Environment, Sports Facilities, Physical Activity of Students

The Role of Environmental Quality in Kalijodo Green Open Space for Society in Jakarta City, Indonesia

The existence of green open space in urban areas can help create a healthy environment. A healthy environment can affect public health. One of healthy environments which affects public health is in Kalijodo Green Open Space, Jakarta, Indonesia. The availability of sport facilities at Kalijodo Green Open Space has triggered this place to be visited as a place for sports and recreation. This study aimed to describe the role of Kalijodo Green Open Space environmental quality for public health in Jakarta city. The approach used in this study was mixed method through questionnaire, interview, observation, and literature study methods with a total sample of 148. The results showed that the environmental quality in Kalijodo Green Open Space helped create health for the society. This could be seen from the results of a strong public perception of environmental quality in Kalijodo Green Open Space reaching 65.7%. This strong environmental quality had an impact on the health of society who used sport facilities in this place. The society who did sports got results in the form of a healthier body condition and a sense of optimism after doing activities in Kalijodo Green Open Space.

The impact of individual and environmental interventions on income inequalities in sports participation: explorations with an agent-based model

BackgroundIncome inequalities in sports participation are shaped by a system in which individuals and the environment interact. We developed an agent-based model (ABM) that could represent this system and used it to provide a proof-of-concept of its potential to explore the impact of individual and environmental interventions on reducing inequalities in sports participation.MethodsOur ABM simulates sports participation of individuals in the Dutch city of Eindhoven. In the model, sports participation is determined by an individual’s tendency to start sports (at a fitness center, sports club or self-organized), which is influenced by attributes of individuals (i.e. age, sex, income), sports facilities (i.e. price, accessibility) and the social environment (i.e. social cohesion, social influence). Sports facilities can adapt to changes in the demand by closures or startups, which in turn influence the tendency of individuals to participate in sport. We explored the impact of five interventions scenarios.ResultsExplorative results show that providing health education, increasing the availability of sports facilities, lowering prices of facilities and improving safety levels can increase sports participation and modestly reduce absolute income inequalities in sports participation. The largest gain can be attained through health education, if the effect and reach is sufficiently large. Environmental interventions alone have a modest impact. Marked effects are only achieved after five to 10 years.ConclusionsABMs have much potential to test the population-level effects of various interventions in the context of a system. Our study highlights the challenges of ABM development and reveals gaps in empirical data. With further refinements, our model could aid in understanding and finding optimal pathways to reduce income inequalities in sports participation.

Too busy or too far away? The importance of subjective constraints and spatial factors for sports frequency

Previous studies on the association between the availability of sports facilities and sports participation have neglected the influence of subjective constraints that individuals experience with regard to sports participation. This paper investigates to what extent constraints experienced by sports participants are associated with their spatial circumstances and whether these subjective constraints or objective spatial circumstances have a greater impact on sports frequency. Based on a survey among 776 adults in urban and rural municipalities in the Netherlands, regression analyses revealed that constraints were related to neighbourhood liveability and distance to indoor sports facilities and swimming pools. Time constraints had a strong negative effect on sports frequency, but the effect of distance to indoor facilities and swimming pools was even more important. Our results furthermore indicate a growing need for flexibility in the spatiotemporal organization of sports activities and an increased importance of the public space for sports participation.

Food Habits and Sport Practice According to BMI Categories and Rural/Urban Origin

The juvenile obesity is correlated to dietary and physical activity. Moreover, the rural or urban context could affect other aspects like time available to practice sport or the availability of sport facilities. Thus, this brief report investigated the relationship between origin and food habits in children belonging to different BMI categories. Over than 1400 primary school students were interviewed with their parents about their food habits. All answers were stratified according to origin (rural/urban) and to BMI categories as defined in literature. The percentage of normal weight, overweight and obese children between rural and urban context were similar (p > 0.05). All the BMI categories were familiar to have breakfast and no differences were found between rural or urban context (p > 0.52). Over 70% of children had the principal meal in at least 15 minutes. In particular, all of them used to watch TV during this moment: no differences were found between urban/rural or BMI categories (p = 0.87 and p = 0.98). In general, most of urban children performed physical activity less than seven hours/week, while normal weight subjects were more active than obese one (p = 0.04). We concluded that school promotion and municipalities/institutions intervention could be a good solution to reach all children in environment where the amount of facilities is often poor.

Socio-economic environment, area facilities and obesity and physical inactivity among children.

To evaluate whether the relationship between socio-economic environment and obesity and physical inactivity in children can be explained by household socio-economic position and area facilities. Two indicators of the socio-economic context of neighbourhood of residence based on wealth and deprivation were estimated in a sample of 727 children and adolescents residents in Madrid (Spain). Multilevel logit models were used to calculate the relationship between each indicator and obesity and physical inactivity. After adjusting for household socio-economic position, obesity prevalence was 3.79 times higher among subjects living in deprived areas than among those living in non-deprived areas (CI: 1.95-7.34), and 2.38 higher among subjects living in less wealthy areas than in those living in wealthier areas (CI: 0.85-6.65). Adjustment for the availability of retail shops in subjects' neighbourhood of residence failed to change the magnitude of the association. Neither neighbourhood socio-economic context nor availability of sports facilities was related to physical inactivity. In the city of Madrid, socio-economic context of neighbourhood of residence shows an inverse relationship with obesity but not with physical inactivity among children. The relationship observed with obesity is not explained by the availability of area facilities.

Risk behaviors and sports facilities do not explain socioeconomic differences in childhood obesity: a cross-sectional study.

BackgroundTo assess whether the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic context of residence and childhood obesity is explained by family socioeconomic position, risk behaviors and availability of sports facilities.MethodsBased on the income and educational level of residents in the neighborhoods of the city of Madrid, two indicators of socioeconomic context were calculated using the information about income and education and grouped into quartiles. In a sample of 727 children aged 6–15 years, the relationship of these indicators with overweight and obesity was studied using multilevel logit models.ResultsWith respect to children and adolescents living in neighborhoods having higher per capita incomes or higher population percentages with university education those living in neighborhoods having lower per capita incomes or lower population percentages with university education had age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of overweight that were 1.84 (95% CI, 1.03-3.29) and 1.68 (0.95-2.94) times higher, respectively. After adjustment for family socioeconomic position, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity, these ORs fell to 1.80 (0.99-3.29) and 1.56 (0.87-2.79), respectively. In the case of obesity, the age- and sex-adjusted ORs in these quartiles of both indicators of socioeconomic context were 3.35 (1.06-10.60) and 3.29 (1.03-10.52), respectively, rising to 3.77 (1.12-12.70) and 3.42 (1.00-11.68) after adjustment for the remaining variables. The highest OR was observed in the third quartile, except in the case of the relationship between per capita income and obesity. No relationship between the number of sport facilities per 1,000 population and physical inactivity was observed.ConclusionThe socioeconomic context is associated with obesity but not with overweight children in Madrid. The relationship is not explained by family socioeconomic position, risk behaviors and availability of sports facilities.

Opinion of physical education teachers on factors influencing integration of PE into primary education curriculum in Oyo State

This paper highlights the opinion of primary school Physical Education (P.E) teachers on the factors influencing integration of physical education into primary education curriculum in Oyo State. The paper tries to examine the meaning of curriculum as advanced by some scholars. It discusses the indispensable need for proper curriculum implementation. Moreover, an important focus of the paper pivots on the factors influencing the integration of Physical Education in primary school curriculum. Descriptive research design was used for this study. The population for this study consists the primary school teachers in Ibadan South West Local Government Area of Oyo State. 149 subjects were served with questionnaire to elicit responses on their opinions regarding factors influencing integration of P.E into primary education curriculum in Oyo State. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses of chi square (X2) were used to test the hypotheses that were generated at a significant relationship of 0.05 alpha levels. The result of the findings revealed that, time allotted to P.E in primary schools have an influence on integration of P.E in the primary school curriculum. It also revealed that, availability of sport facilities and other infrastructure for P.E classes in primary schools have positive influence on integration of P.E in the primary school curriculum.

Risk behaviors and sports facilities do not explain the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic context and childhood obesity in a city in Southern Europe.

To evaluate whether the relation between neighborhood socioeconomic context and childhood obesity can be explained by household socioeconomic position, obesity-related risk behaviors and sports facilities. 727 children and adolescent representative of the population aged 6–15 years resident in Madrid (Spain) in 2005 were analyzed. Using odds ratios calculated by multilevel logistic regression, the association between two indicators of neighborhood socioeconomic context – per capita income and percentage of population with tertiary education – and overweight and obesity was estimated. With respect to the richest neighborhoods and with respect to the neighborhoods having the highest percentage of population with university studies, children and adolescents living in the neighborhoods with the lowest per capita income and with lowest percentage of population with university studies, had an age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios for overweight 1.84 and 1.68 times greater, respectively. After adjusting for household socioeconomic position, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity the odds ratios were 1.80 and 1.56, respectively. In the case of obesity the age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios were 3.35 and 3.29, and its magnitude was increased 3.77 and 3.42 after adjustment for the rest of variables. No relation was found between the number of sports facilities and physical inactivity. The relation of socioeconomic context with childhood obesity could not be explained by household socioeconomic position or obesity-related risk behaviors. Availability of sport facilities does not explain this relation either.

The link between resource problems and interorganisational relationships: a quantitative study of Western European sport clubs

According to the resource dependence theory, organisations draw upon interorganisational relationships to address the need for additional resources. The purpose of this study was to analyse whether sport clubs with serious resource problems regarding members, human resources (volunteers and coaches), infrastructure resources (sport facilities), or financial resources would be more likely to have a relationship with another non-profit sport club, a school, or a commercial sport provider. As previous research on interorganisational relationships has been mainly based on qualitative approaches, this study used quantitative data from sport club surveys in two Western European countries, Germany and Belgium (Flanders). The results of the correlation analyses showed that sport clubs in both countries experiencing serious problems regarding the availability of sport facilities were significantly more likely to have relationships with a school or a commercial sport provider. The study provided quantitative evidence that serious resource problems are correlated with interorganisational relationships.

The association between high recreational physical activity and physical activity as a part of daily living in adolescents and availability of local indoor sports facilities and sports clubs

The aim of this study was to examine how vigorous physical activity (recreational physical activity) (VPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity as a part of daily life (MVPA) is associated with structural characteristics (availability of sports facilities and sports clubs with child members) in Greenlandic adolescents. Data from the 2006 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey including 2,430 children aged 11-17 years was used. Logistic regression models were developed with dichotomous measures on VPA and MVPA as outcomes, number of indoor sports facilities and of sports clubs with child members as independent variables, and adjusted for age, gender, family affluence (FAS), and type of habitation (capital, town or village). High VPA increased with access to indoor facilities, while high MVPA was less likely (odds ratio (OR) 0.54 (0.42-0.70)) if indoor sports facilities were present, both unadjusted and adjusted. Access to a local sports club increased OR for high VPA both unadjusted and adjusted to about 2.3 for five or more clubs, while access to sports clubs was not associated with unadjusted MVPA, negatively associated if adjusted for age, gender and FAS but positively associated if also adjusted for indoor sports facilities. Access to indoor sports facilities itself had a positive association with high VPA, but was persistently negatively associated with high MVPA. Presence of sports clubs with child members was positively associated with high VPA while the association with high MVPA was more complex. The findings have implications for public health planning.

Area-based socioeconomic environment, obesity risk behaviours, area facilities and childhood overweight and obesity: Socioeconomic environment and childhood overweight

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate whether the relation between area-based socioeconomic environment and childhood obesity can be explained by household socioeconomic position, obesity-related risk behaviours and area facilities. MethodsTwo indicators of socioeconomic environment based on wealth and deprivation were estimated in a sample of 4529 Spanish children and adolescents in 2006. Multilevel logit models were used to calculate the relation between each indicator and obesity. ResultsAfter adjusting for socioeconomic position and risk behaviours, no relation was observed between wealth and overweight; however, obesity prevalence was 1.45 times higher in subjects living in areas with lower wealth than in those living in areas with higher wealth. After adjusting for these variables, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in subjects living in deprived areas was, respectively, 1.26 and 1.63 higher than in those living in non-deprived areas. There was a graded association between number of sports facilities and prevalence of physical inactivity, but no relation was found between the price of fruits and vegetables and frequency of consumption. ConclusionThe relation of socioeconomic environment with childhood obesity could not be explained by household socioeconomic position or obesity-related risk behaviours. Availability of sport facilities may mediate this relation.

Micro and macro level determinants of sport participation

PurposeSport participation is not exclusively determined by individual socio‐demographic factors (micro level) since infrastructure factors such as the availability of sport facilities and sport programmes (macro level) can also play a role in this regard. The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence for these determinants of sport participation using multi‐level analyses.Design/methodology/approachA survey among the resident population in the city of Munich was carried out in 2008 (n=11,715). Furthermore, secondary data on the available sport infrastructure in every urban district of Munich (n=25) were collected. Multi‐level analyses were conducted to find the micro and macro level determinants of sport participation.FindingsThe results show that aside from micro level factors, the availability of swimming pools and parks is especially important for residents’ sport activity. Moreover, sport activity in non‐profit sport clubs can be enhanced by both a good supply of sport programmes offered by sport clubs as well as a poor supply of programmes from commercial sport providers and the municipality.Research limitations/implicationsMulti‐level analyses can be recommended for future research on sport participation. The use of GIS data would be fruitful in this regard.Practical implicationsIt can be recommended that municipalities invest in the construction of swimming pools and parks.Originality/valueThe paper shows that multi‐level analyses are a relatively new method of analysis for research on sport participation and that they represent the most suitable approach for analysing multi‐level data.

Are neighbourhood social capital and availability of sports facilities related to sports participation among Dutch adolescents?

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to explore whether availability of sports facilities, parks, and neighbourhood social capital (NSC) and their interaction are associated with leisure time sports participation among Dutch adolescents.MethodsCross-sectional analyses were conducted on complete data from the last wave of the YouRAction evaluation trial. Adolescents (n = 852) completed a questionnaire asking for sports participation, perceived NSC and demographics. Ecometric methods were used to aggregate perceived NSC to zip code level. Availability of sports facilities and parks was assessed by means of geographic information systems within the zip-code area and within a 1600 meter buffer. Multilevel logistic regression analyses, with neighborhood and individual as levels, were conducted to examine associations between physical and social environmental factors and leisure time sports participation. Simple slopes analysis was conducted to decompose interaction effects.ResultsNSC was significantly associated with sports participation (OR: 3.51 (95%CI: 1.18;10.41)) after adjustment for potential confounders. Availability of sports facilities and availability of parks were not associated with sports participation. A significant interaction between NSC and density of parks within the neighbourhood area (OR: 1.22 (90%CI: 1.01;1.34)) was found. Decomposition of the interaction term showed that adolescents were most likely to engage in leisure time sports when both availability of parks and NSC were highest.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that leisure time sports participation is associated with levels of NSC, but not with availability of parks or sports facilities. In addition, NSC and availability of parks in the zip code area interacted in such a way that leisure time sports participation is most likely among adolescents living in zip code areas with higher levels of NSC, and higher availability of parks. Hence, availability of parks appears only to be important for leisure time sports participation when NSC is high.

Availability of sports facilities as moderator of the intention-sports participation relationship among adolescents

This longitudinal study aimed to identify individual and environmental predictors of adolescents' sports participation and to examine whether availability of sports facilities moderated the intention-behaviour relation. Data were obtained from the ENvironmental Determinants of Obesity in Rotterdam SchoolchildrEn study (2005/2006 to 2007/2008). A total of 247 adolescents (48% boys, mean age at follow-up 15 years) completed the surveys at baseline and follow-up. At baseline, adolescents completed a survey that assessed engagement in sports participation, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and intention towards sports participation. Availability of sports facilities (availability) was assessed using a geographic information system. At follow-up, sports participation was again examined. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to test associations between availability of sports facilities, theory of planned behaviour variables and the interaction of intention by availability of sports facilities, with sports participation at follow-up. Simple slopes analysis was conducted to decompose the interaction effect. A significant availability x intention interaction effect [odds ratio: 1.10; 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.20] was found. Simple slopes analysis showed that intention was more strongly associated with sports participation when sports facilities were more readily available. The results of this study indicate that the intention-sports participation association appears to be stronger when more facilities are available.

Objective and perceived availability of physical activity opportunities: differences in associations with physical activity behavior among urban adolescents.

BackgroundThis study examined the associations of the perceived and objective environment with adolescent engagement in sports activities and walking and cycling in leisure time. It also explored the degree of agreement between objective and perceived availability of physical activity (PA) facilities in neighborhoods.MethodsCross-sectional data on physical activity, the perceived availability of physical activity opportunities (perceived physical environment) was assessed through a questionnaire and the objective availability of PA opportunities (objective physical environment) was obtained through GIS data. The final sample included 654 adolescents with a mean age of 14.1 (SD = 1.2) years.ResultsPerceived availability of sports facilities and parks was significantly associated with engaging in sports (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.16-2.56) and with walking and cycling in leisure time (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.07-2.57) respectively. Agreement between objective and perceived environment was low to moderate with Kappa values ranging from -0.005 to 0.053.ConclusionThe perceived environment was the stronger correlate of PA behavior among adolescents. There were substantial differences between assessments of objective and perceived physical environment.

Análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de la oferta de piscinas cubiertas en las Comunidades Autónomas Españolas. (Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the offer of indoor swimming pools in Spanish Autonomous Communities)

The physical-sport activity more practiced in Spain is the recreational swimming. In recent years, this activity has been amplified by the progressive increment of indoor pools, being these types of spaces, the ones that present more use. Different studies have manifested the positive association between the availability of sports facilities and levels of population’s physical activity. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the offer of indoor swimming pools in Autonomous Communities can result an excellent indicator of the degree of development of these facilities, to achieve a healthy social context. For this study, 12 variables by a group of experts were selected to permit the analysis of the offer of indoor swimming pools in the Autonomous Communities. With the analysis of a Synthetic Indicator of Indoor Pools (ISPC), was classified each Autonomous Community into 4 levels of development (Low, Lower-Middle, Upper-Medium and Upper). The results demonstrate the great disparities between Autonomous Communities with regards of their resources in indoor swimming pools, which has been produced from different political investments, sports cultures and social realities, being in the first positions the Autonomous Communities with higher levels sports practice. This study can be a useful tool for better sports planning’s in Autonomies and also for companies of the sport.

Impact of cumulative area-based adverse socioeconomic environment on body mass index and overweight

Objective:Although the relationship between area socioeconomic environment and obesity is known, previous research has measured area socioeconomic environment at only one point in time. This study evaluates the relationship of...

School Injuries and Preventive Policies and Programs

Injuries are a major source of morbidity and mortality throughout childhood and many occur on school premises. Differences in policies, programs and practises at the level of school boards or individual schools may account for some of the differences in injury rates among schools.We used data from the Montreal Children's Hospital to identify children injured at school. By telephone interview, we identified the school attended and calculated injury rates per school for the study year. A questionnaire to principals identified practises and programs. The two data sets were merged and the data analyzed using cross tabulations and logistic regression.Nearly one third of the 310 injured children required admission or follow up. Most involved falls, boys, 10-14 year olds, and sports. The variables associated with higher rates of injuries were: school board (English), proximity to hospital, wood gym flooring, gym use during breaks, presence of a playing field, frequent checks of field surface, and the presence of an injury prevention program. Using logistic regression, after controlling for all other variables in the model, only school board and distance to hospital remained significant.These findings provide little support for the notion that school policies influence injury rates. If anything, they suggest that the reverse may be true; i.e., that injury rates help stimulate schools to take certain preventive actions. An alternative explanation is that many of the differences observed among schools simply reflect differences in the extent to which their pupils are exposed to the risk of injury because of, for example, the availability of sports facilities.

The Athletic Activities of Citizens of the GDR: Some Sociological Aspects of their Structure and Social Conditions

Within the framework of the complex social development, general economic, social, political and ideological conditions in the concrete-historical social order affect society as a whole. The individual's concrete social and natural environment is affected by natural environmental conditions, the availability of sport facilities and groups, the standard of medical care in sport, various institutions and organizations, trainers and sports instructors, and the attitude toward sport in the work and school collectives as well as in the family. On the personality level, sex, age, marital status, education, special training and profession, as well as wishes, interests, attitudes, needs and motives and state of health and ability to perform are influential.