Availability Of Sports Facilities Research Articles

Determinants of Sports Growth as Correlates of Sport Development in Secondary Schools in North East Senatorial District of Akwa lbom State

National sport development evolves from growth in school sports, which is the home for talent identification and development. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the determinants of sports growth as correlates of development in secondary schools in the North East Senatorial District of Akwa Ibom State. Two research questions were raised and Two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study adopted the correlational research design. The population of the study comprised 653 students in the various school sports teams in government-owned secondary schools in the North East Senatorial District of Akwa Ibom State. A sample of 385 students was selected for the study using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Two researcher-made instruments titled “Determinants of Sports Growth in Secondary Schools Questionnaire” (DSGSSQ) and Sport Development Questionnaire (SDQ) were used in collecting data for the study. The instruments were subjected to face validation by three experts. Internal consistency reliability was conducted for the study and the reliability coefficient was determined using Cronbach Alpha statistics, which yielded a coefficient of .83 and 0.79 for the DSGSSQ and SDQ respectively. Data collected for the study were analyzed using simple regression. The R and R2-values were used to answer the research questions while F-ratio was used to test the hypotheses. The finding of the study indicated that the availability of sports facilities, and sports personnel are all determinants of sports development in secondary schools in Akwa Ibom North East Senatorial District. It was concluded that the availability of sports facilities and sports personnel are determinants of sports development in secondary schools in the North East Senatorial District of Akwa Ibom State. It was recommended among others that all secondary schools in the North East Senatorial District of Akwa Ibom State should be equipped with sports facilities to enable students to practice with the right facility, which will ensure sport development.

Engagement With Sports After Solid Organ Transplant.

Introduction Transplant Games lend a unique opportunity not only by providing a platform for donors and recipients to engage in sports but also to counter the negativity surrounding organ donation and showcase to the world that transplant recipients can lead active lives. When the Transplant Games were held in Kochi, Kerala, India, for the first time, it provided a venue to engage with transplant recipients, donors, and the families of deceased donors. We aimed to understand the impact that engagement in sports brings on the lives of donors and recipients. Methods After obtaining permission from the organizers, we explained the objectives of the survey to the participants and encouraged them to participate. A survey, covering basic demographic information, transplantation details, and questions related to sports engagement was formulated. Participants could complete the survey electronically via a quick response code or in hard copy. They were fully informed about the objectives of the survey and had the right to withdraw at any stage without consequences. The survey was available for five hours during the games. The study received institutional ethics committee approval (ECASM-AIMS-2024-059). Results Among the approximate 150 participants, we received 78 respondents (52%). After the nine who withdrew consent were removed, we had a full response from 69 participants. Of these, 59 were males (85.5%), and 10 (14.5%) were females. The average age of the participants was 45 ± 13 years. Self-motivation was the most common factor in taking up sports for 30.4% of the responders, followed by family and friends in 23.2% and transplant doctors in 5.8%. Liver Foundation of Kerala (LIFOK), a self-help group of transplant recipients, played a major role in 4.3% of the responders. Bowling was the most popular sport with 23 mentions, followed by carroms and badminton with 27 and 20 mentions, respectively. Donors started to take an active role in sports earlier than recipients, 3.1 ± 1.89 vs. 5.7 ± 5.5 months. The most common reason cited for taking up sports was to become part of the transplant community, followed by a desire to embrace a healthier lifestyle and improve fitness levels. Although none had a personalized coach, most intensified their training and improved nutrition as part of their preparation for the games. Conclusion Our survey is limited by its small and self-selected sample size. Our study highlights the significant role of self-motivation, family support, and self-help groups in encouraging solid organ transplant recipients and donors to engage in sports after surgery. It also highlights the need for more proactive encouragement from doctors and better availability of sports facilities and support staff to help transplant recipients and donors engage in physical activities, which are crucial for their physical and emotional well-being.

Relationship Between Physical Exercise and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults in China: Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study.

The existing literature reveals several significant knowledge gaps that hinder health care providers in formulating exercise prescriptions for cognitive health. This study endeavors to elucidate the relationship between the level of physical activity and cognitive function in older adults in China. Moreover, it seeks to explore the associations between distinct exercise behaviors-such as exercise types, the purpose motivating engagement in exercise, the accessibility of exercise fields, and the inclination toward exercise-and cognitive function. Using data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS conducted in 2016, cognitive function was meticulously assessed through the modified Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, encompassing measures of orientation, memory, and calculation. Using self-report structured questionnaires, a myriad of information about physical activity during leisure time, exercise engagement, exercise intensity, primary exercise types, reasons for exercise participation, availability of sports facilities, and exercise willingness was diligently gathered. Robust ordinary least squares regression models were then used to compute coefficients along with 95% CIs. A discernible inverted U-shaped trend in cognitive scores emerged as the level of physical activity surpassed the threshold of 500 metabolic equivalents of task (MET) minutes per week. Notably, individuals with a physical activity level between 500 and 999 MET minutes per week exhibited a coefficient of 0.31 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.54), those with a physical activity level between 1000 and 1499 MET minutes per week displayed a coefficient of 0.75 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.97), and those with a physical activity level above 1500 MET minutes per week demonstrated a coefficient of 0.45 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.68). Older individuals engaging in exercise at specific MET levels showcased superior cognitive function compared to their inactive counterparts. Furthermore, individuals driven by exercise motivations aimed at enhancing physical fitness and health, as well as those using sports facilities or public spaces for exercise, exhibited notably higher cognitive function scores. The findings underscore the potential of exercise as a targeted intervention for the prevention and treatment of dementia or cognitive decline associated with aging in older individuals. Leveraging these insights to formulate informed exercise recommendations holds promise in addressing a significant public health challenge linked to aging populations.

Dual career through the eyes of university student-athletes in the Republic of Kosovo.

The successful combination of a sports career and education, known as the dual career, requires cooperation and a multi-dimensional approach. Although extensive research has been conducted on dual career programs and services in developed countries, there is limited information available on the dual-career phenomenon in developing countries. This study aimed to explore the dual career experiences of university student-athletes in the Republic of Kosovo. A 30-item online survey was distributed to student-athletes, addressing various aspects of the dual career. A total of 121 student-athletes (males: 63.6%; females: 36.4%) voluntarily participated in the survey. These student-athletes represented 13 different sports, with 102 (84.3%) participating in team and 19 (15.7%) in individual sports. Between individual and team sports no significant differences were found regarding university and sports engagement, and the time required to travel from the university to the training venue, whereas a significant difference (p = 0.019) emerged for the time needed to travel from home to the training venue. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between university majors in terms of sports engagement. The present findings highlight a lack of familiarity with dual career programs among student-athletes (89.3%) and the need for dual-career policies at the university (16.5%), sport (9.9%), and national (13.2%) levels. Student-athletes faced various challenges, mainly related to limited leisure time (62.8%), academic overload (60.3%), frequent absence from classes (59.6%), and financial uncertainty (35.5%). Recommended improvements included increased financial support (66.1%), the availability of sports facilities at or near the university (48.8%), greater educational flexibility (26.4%), tutoring services at the university (25.6%), and sports clubs (19%) levels, as well as improved communication regarding existing initiatives and legal aspects (53.7% and 47.1%, respectively). The study also identified parents (98.3%), coaches (86%), and siblings (60.3%) as important sources of support for student-athletes at personal, sports, and university levels. In conclusion, to enhance the potential of future student-athletes in the Republic of Kosovo, relevant stakeholders in sports and higher education should collaborate closely and implement programs and services based on international best practices for dual-career support.

Survei Sarana dan Prasarana Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan pada Sekolah Menengah Pertama di SMP Bhakti Praja Kebumen

The focus of this research is how the condition of Sports Physical Education learning facilities and infrastructure at Smp Bhakti Praja Kebumen. The purpose of this study is to determine the condition of the facilities and infrastructure in Smp Bhakti Praja Kebumen meets the standards or not.This research uses qualitative methods, because it aims to describe the availability of Sports Physical Education learning facilities and infrastructure through rationalization of the number of existing facilities and infrastructure with the needs in learning. Data collection is carried out using documentation and observation. The research instrument is in the form of an observation sheet on the availability of sports facilities and infrastructure. Data analysis in this study includes quantitative data, namely the number of sports facilities and infrastructure.

The Correlation of Body Mass Index, Socio-Economic Status, and Motivation With Physical Activity at Productive Age at 'Aisyiyah Yogyakarta University

The lack of physical activity was one of the causes of several health problems and deaths whose prevalence was increasing throughout the world. University was a gathering place for all university members including students, lecturers and teaching staff who were at risk of low physical activity and other lifestyle behaviors. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT), status sosial ekonomi dan motivasi terhadap aktivitas fisik pada usia produktif di Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. A cross-sectional method was used, and a random sampling technique was taken. The sample was 380 respondents with an age range of 20-59 years. Data analysis used the chi square test to determine the relationship between physical activity and its determinants and logistic regression to determine the predictors of physical activity. Based on 380 respondents, 47.2% were in the inactive category with an average of Metabolic Equivalent Task (METs)= 402.56 ± 121,140 and duration = 88.67 ± 59,600 per minute per week. There was a significant correlation between age, occupation, body mass index (BMI), motivation, availability of sports facilities with physical activity. Based on multivariate analysis, it was found that BMI, age and motivation had an influence on physical activity. The level of physical activity among university members was still low and there was a need for university strategies to increase knowledge and behavior to become an active campus with healthy campus campaigns, organizing health checks, championships between campus sports clubs and other strategies.

Relationship between Age, Employment Status, and Availability of Sports Infrastructure on Motivation to Exercise in Yogyakarta State University Education Personnel

This research aims to determine: (1) the correlation between age and motivation for doing sports, (2) the correlation between the employment status and motivation for doing sports, (3) the correlation between the availability of sports facilities and motivation for doing sports, and (4) the correlation between age, employment status, and availability of sports facilities towards the motivation for doing sports. The type of this research was a correlational study with an ex post facto approach. The research population was the faculty staff (tendik) of Yogyakarta State University who were still actively working with a total of 775 people with a total sample of 194 people taken using the random sampling technique. The research instrument was a closed questionnaire for data collection on the availability of sports facilities with a total of 20 items and a Sport Motivation Scale with a total of 27 items. The instrument validity technique referred to the product moment correlation formula and reliability based on Cronbach's Alpha. The data analysis technique used multiple regression at a significant level of 0.05. The results show that: (1) there is no correlation between age and motivation for doing sports, (2) there is a correlation between employment status and motivation for doing sports, (3) there is a correlation between the availability of sports facilities and motivation for doing sports, and (4) there is a correlation between age, employment status, and the availability of sports facilities towards the motivation for doing sports.

The Relationship Between the Availability of Sports Facilities in the Village with Community Participation in Sports in Kali Berau Village, Bayung Lencir District

There is a problem in the village at this time, namely the lack of community participation in sports. The problem is not yet clearly known or may be caused by the lack of maximum availability of sports facilities in Kali Berau Village, Bayung Lencir District. So this study is focused and aims to determine the relationship between the availability of sports facilities in the village with community participation in sports. The independent variable in this study is Sports Facilities (X) while the dependent variable is Community Participation in Sports (Y). The results showed that there was a partial relationship between each independent variable and the dependent variable. Stimuli, there is a relationship between the availability of sports facilities and the number of community participation in sports, all of which can be seen from the enthusiasm of many residents who exercise after the existing sports facilities are repaired and updated. Various factors must be considered, developed and optimized to increase community participation in sports because the community is very enthusiastic in sports when sports facilities in the village are well available and with support from the village government so that this research is expected to be used as a reference for policy makers in planning development and designing sports policies, especially in increasing community participation rates in exercising in the village.

Influence of Public Sports Services on Residents' Mental Health at Communities Level: New Insights from China.

It is generally believed that sports play an important role in healing and boosting mental health. The provision of public sports services is important for enhancing residents' physical fitness and mental health, and for promoting their satisfaction with government public services. To build and strengthen a high-quality sports service-oriented society, it is important to explore whether community public sports services influence residents' mental health. To explore this phenomenon, the study gathered data from China and employed multi-level regression models to meet the study objective. The results show that the residents' age difference is 0.03, and the average daily exercise time is 0.02, which is significantly correlated with residents' mental health. The results show that the lower the availability and greening of sports facilities, and the fewer rest facilities there are, the higher the mental distress of residents may be. Conversely, the improvement of the greening and availability of sports facilities can facilitate the promotion of residents' mental health levels. Moreover, it was found that the mental health of residents is mainly and positively affected by the cleanliness of sports facilities. The street environment affects mental health and is attributed to the damage to sports facilities. Neighborhood communication also improves residents' mental health, and trust between neighbors has the greatest impact on reducing mental distress. Finally, the study proposes that the government should propose strategies to optimize the provision of community public sports services in the study area to boost both social and mental health benefits.

Analisis Kepuasan Pengunjung Terhadap Taman Singha dan Taman Bunga Merjosari Kota Malang

Malang is a tourist destination and the second largest city after Surabaya in East Java. In the current era of globalization which is increasingly uncertain, coupled with worsening global warming, Green Open Space (RTH) is a solution to restore the environment. One of the parks in Malang City is Singha Park and Flower Garden in Merjosari District, Malang City. Over time, many facilities and infrastructure are outdated or damaged, causing discomfort for visitors to the park. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the sangha and flower gardens and determine the level of visitor satisfaction and improve service performance at Singha Park and Merjosari Flower Park, Malang City. The results of the study show that overall the Singha and Bunga parks are categorized as good, but there are several variables that need to be improved, namely Taman Singha and flower Garden such As availability of road access/transportation, availability of children's play facilities, and availability of sports facilities).

Effective Content Delivery in Physical Education

In this article efforts has being made to analyze effective content delivery in physical education. Our little investigation has shown that the present nature of physical education contents delivered to students in most secondary schools in Nigeria is in a state of quagmire. The question here is how will the students perform academically since the contents delivered are not up to physical education standards. The major concern of this paper is to relate some varying factors with contents delivery in physical education. These variable are curriculum contents ,availability of sport facilities, teachers training, time allotment, teacher supervisor and it rounds up with conclusion and recommendation.

Practices of Teaching Physical Education among Public &amp; Private High Schools in Hawssa City Administration

The purpose of this study was to relate the practice of teaching physical education in public and private secondary school in Hawassa city administration. This study employed descriptive research design and mixed research methods including both qualitative and quantitative method, in which the concerned bodies (teachers and school students) were participated. To investigate the practice quantitative research approach, descriptive survey methods were used. To select respondents of the study, simple random sampling technique particularly the lottery method for students and available sampling technique for teachers were used. In order to collect data, researcher used questionnaires; interview and observation were the employed instruments. Questionnaire was distributed to 352 private school students and 363 public school students. In addition to this, teachers were interviewed. The quantitative data gathered were analyzed by using numbers, percentages; mean and independent t-test and the qualitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statements and explanation. The findings of the study indicated that the availability of sport facilities and equipment in public secondary school were insufficient, poor teaching methods, inappropriate participation of male &amp; female Students, and no participation of Students with disabilities in physical activity in secondary schools, No availability of sport materials for students with disabilities, poor classroom management, inappropriate treatment of male and female students and no involvement of students with disabilities in physical activities in both public &amp; private secondary school. The conclusions on the study area were;. Thus, to improve the situation, it is recommended that with in school, the purchase &amp; provision of equipment needs to be subsidized and a deliberate policy pursed of maximizing the use of available equipment &amp; facilities, physical educators should be strive to be effective &amp; successful in their classroom management, assessment &amp; demonstration, complexity &amp; multifaceted nature of the problem of girls participation in P.E should be recognized &amp; fully understood, and ensure that schools are aware of their responsibilities &amp; that students with disabilities consistently have opportunities to participate in P.E activities equal to those of other students were forwarded to overcome challenges of teaching physical Education. Keywords: practice, public school, private school, sport materials &amp; sport facilities DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/62-01 Publication date: November 30 th 2022

SPECIAL PROGRAM IN SPORTS (SPS) TO ATHLETIC ACTIVITIES AND PERFORMANCE IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

This study determined the effect of special program in sports in the academic and athletic performance of student Athletes in Gov. Felicisimo T. San Luis Integrated Senior High School. It aimed to answer the questions such as the Level of Special Program in Sports (SPS) in terms of Sports Instructor/Coach, Participation in Sports Event, Availability of Sports Facilities and Training Schedule. Also, the level of Athletic Activities of student-athletes in terms of Training Performance, Regular Sports Participation, Theoretical Knowledge of Sports, Athletic Potential, Focus and Discipline, Resiliency and Humility, Harmony and Unity and Health Status. Lastly, the level of Performance in Physical Education of student-athletes in terms of grades. The study sample comprised all participants from grade 7 to grade 10 SPS section that consist of eighty (80) athletes who were actively participating in the different sports event. The descriptive method was preferred since it yields valid and reliable results for a manageable number of respondents and can be accomplished with limited resources. A survey instrument was used to obtain data from the randomly selected respondents. This process was used in this study to determine the relation of Special Program in Sports on the Academic and Athletic Performance of Athletes in Gov. Felicisimo T. San Luis Integrated Senior High School. And to determine the Level of performance in physical education of student-athletes in terms of grades the study reveals that of one hundred (100), seventy-five (75) respondents or about 75.00% of the population were rated on a very satisfactory level as they garnered grades within 85-89. This is seconded in frequency by those who performed on an outstanding level, with thirteen (13) or 13.00% of the population got grades between 90-100. On the other hand, the remaining 12% of the population or twelve (12) respondents were able to obtain grades between 80-84, being remarked as performing on a satisfactory level. Overall, the SPS student-athletes can be regarded to as performing on a very satisfactory level, with a mean grade of 86.99 and a standard deviation of 2.00. From the findings above, it can be inferred that at 0.05 level of significance, the null hypothesis stating that “The Special Program in Sports have no significant effect on athletic and academic performance of student athletes in Gov. Felicisimo T. San Luis Integrated Senior High School, Santa Cruz District, Division of Laguna” is rejected. This calls for the acceptance of the alternative which incites that there is a significant effect.

Attitude of Secondary School teachers towards Physical Fitness for Sports in Ekiti State, Nigeria

This research work investigated the attitude of Secondary School Teachers in the Ijero Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria towards Physical fitness for sports. The research design used for the study was the descriptive type of research. A simple random sampling technique was used to select two hundred (200) secondary school teachers selected from all the secondary schools in Secondary Schools in Ijero Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. The instrument for data collection for the study was a self-structured questionnaire. The instrument was subjected to a validity and reliability mechanism and it was found to be appropriate for the study. Four (4) research questions were raised and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The data collected were analysed using Chi-Square (X2) statistical analysis package. The findings of the study revealed that the disposition of secondary school teachers’ influences their attitude towards physical fitness programme and sports activities, the interest of secondary school teachers’ influences their attitude towards physical fitness programme and sports activities, availability of sports facilities influence the attitude of secondary school teachers’ toward physical fitness programme and sports activities and, secondary school teachers’ perception of health benefits of physical fitness influences their attitude towards physical fitness participation and sports activities in secondary schools in Ijero Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Based on the findings, appropriate conclusions and recommendations were made.

Sports Facilities and Local Government Policy: A Case Study in West Java, Indonesia

The completion of the sports facilities available in each region is not evenly distributed, apart from the 4th largest population in the world, the various sports activities carried out by the community must be supported by means of transport. Support, the availability of sports facilities is affected by the policies of each regional government. SPOrT (Integrated Sports Development Center) Jabar Arcamanik is a sports complex owned by the West Java Regional Government. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the emergence of local government policies in the provision of sports facilities. The case study method used in this study is the semi-structured interview and observation as a data collection tool, as well as the participants involved, namely the head of the relevant department and the management of the sports facilities. The presence of sports facilities is the implementation of local government policies through the transformation of national and regional development plans, in order to bridge the gap between regions in terms of infrastructure development. Infrastructures for sports facilities bring cultural heritage and benefits to the community. Therefore, the construction of sports facilities can be achieved when policy makers have a desire and understanding of regional regeneration associated with regional development, the allocation of budgets related to the needs are determined and adjusted to current regulations so that the benefits from the availability of sports facilities can be felt by the community.

Sports Facilities and Utilities: A Perceptual Analysis of Secondary School Students

Kant stated that education is to develop a sound mind in a sound body. Following a descriptive survey in a quantitative framework, the current study aimed to analyze the perception of students at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa about the availability of sports facilities and their utilization. A multi-stage sample of 300 students was taken from12 urban Secondary schools of district Peshawar. A questionnaire was used for the collection of quantitative data having five-point Likert scales. Kruskale Wallace H test and Mann-Whitney U test were used as inferential statistics for finding the differences in the groups. The study found that most of the secondary school students participated in sports activities. The majority of schools were having sports facilities, however, fewer students were having sports facilities outside their schools. It was suggested that if students are provided with proper sports facilities and proper guidelines, it will have a significant impact on their physical development and academic achievements.

Impact of Physical Activity on Wellness of Students in Private Secondary Schools in Osun State, Nigeria

Sport is an integral part of the formal system of educational process essential for the total development of an individual. In spite of the benefits of participation in physical activities in relation to wellness, it was observed that most private schools in Osun State did not build and maintain sports facilities. The study therefore, examined impact of physical activity on wellness of students in private secondary schools in Osun State. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The respondents were selected from fifteen private schools in Osun State. Purposive, disproportionate stratified and simple random sampling techniques were adopted in selecting twenty (20) students per school; with a total of 300 respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analysed using inferential statistics of PPMC and multiple linear regressions. The findings revealed that availability of sports facilities had positive correlation with physical activity participation among students of private Secondary Schools in Osun State. Physical activities involving ball games of football, basketball, volleyball and handball jointly had impact on wellness of respondents. Football and handball had relative impact on wellness of students; while basketball and volleyball did not. Physical activities involving racket games of tennis, badminton, squash and table tennis jointly had impact on wellness of students. Tennis, badminton and table tennis had relative impact; while squash did not. It was concluded that, participation in ball and racket games as physical activities jointly had impact on wellness of respondents. Physical activities involving football, handball, tennis, badminton and table tennis had relative impact. It was recommended among others that; the Ministry of Education in Osun State should legislate that all the schools make adequate provision for sports facilities in schools.

In Troubled Water? European Sports Clubs: Their Problems, Capacities and Opportunities

We study problems experienced by sports clubs from nine European countries – Belgium (Flanders), Denmark, England, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, and Spain – and factors – national characteristics and organizational capacities – explaining variation in problem perceptions. Data is surveys of more than 30,000 sport clubs. We investigate five types of club problems: recruitment/retention of members, recruitment/retention of volunteers at the board level, recruitment/retention of coaches/instructors, financial situation of clubs and availability of sport facilities. We found that human resource problems were widespread in Denmark and Germany and least common in Belgium. In Hungary, Poland, and Spain, finances and facilities stood out as the most reported problems. Some capacities – negative financial balance, planning capacity and social climate – have systematic and direct implications for those involved, whereas others – size and professionalization – are more difficult to interpret systematically and harder to link to strategic policy actions.

SURVEI SARANA DAN PRASARANA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI OLAHRAGA DAN KESEHATAN PADA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA DI KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU TAHUN 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the condition of learning facilities and infrastructure of Physical and Sports Physical Education in junior high schools in Pringsewu, 2019. The method of the research used by the writer is qualitative methods, because it describes the availability of learning facilities and infrastructure of Physical and Sports Physical Education through the number of facilities and infrastructure that is available and is needed in learning. Data collection is done by using documentation, observation, and questionnaires. The research instrument that is provided in the form of a questionnaire is the availability of sports facilities and infrastructure. According to the result of the research conducted in State Junior High School, Pringsewu has been able innovating in creating sport modification tools. The modifications made even more widely used for learning in the athletics branch by utilizing simple materials. Each teacher is guided to provide an innovation and modification of the tools for the achievement of the learning process. Keywords: Facilities, Infrastructure, Learning, Physical education, sports and health, Junior High School

Sports facilities, socio-economic context and overweight among the childhood population in two southern European cities: a cross sectional study

BackgroundTo evaluate relationship between socio-economic environment and overweight in Madrid and Barcelona, adjusting for possible confounding factors.MethodsWe obtained three indicators which reflected socio-economic context, namely, unemployment rate, percentage of population with tertiary education, and percentage with a second home. The design is a cross sectional study. The association with overweight was estimated using odds ratios by multilevel logistic regression. The statistical analysis, data synthesis, or model creation was performed from the 2017. In all, 707 children from 21 districts of Madrid and 474 children from 10 districts of Barcelona were analysed.ResultsIn Madrid, standardised ORs for personal and family characteristics were 1.17, 1.53 and 1.57 by reference to unemployment rate and percentages of population with a university education and second home. After adjustment, only the OR obtained with unemployment rate decreased, specifically by 58%. In Barcelona, the following ORs were obtained: 1.80 with unemployment rate; 1.80 with population having a university education; and 1.86 with population having a second home. After being standardised, these ORs decreased by 14% in the case of unemployment rate, 10% in the case of population with a university education, and 9% in the case of population with a second home.ConclusionsOverweight displayed a risk gradient in Madrid and Barcelona alike. This risk of overweight is not accounted for by physical inactivity and could, in part, be due to the availability of sports facilities.