Auxiliary Lighting Research Articles

Machine learning-assisted image label-free smartphone platform for rapid segmentation and robust multi-urinalysis.

This study presents a groundbreaking approach for the early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other urological disorders through an image-label-free, multi-dipstick identification method, eliminating the need for complex machinery, label libraries, or preset coordinates. Our research successfully identified reaction pads on 187 multi-dipsticks, each with 11 pads, leveraging machine learning algorithms trained on human urine data. This technique aims to surpass traditional colourimetric methods and concentration-colour curve fitting, offering more robust and precise community screening and home monitoring capabilities. The developed algorithms enhance the generalizability of machine learning models by extracting primary colours and correcting urine colours on each reaction pad. This method's cost-effectiveness and portability are significant, as it requires no additional equipment beyond a standard smartphone. The system's performance rivals professional medical equipment without auxiliary lighting or flash under regular indoor light conditions, effectively managing false positives and negatives across various categories with remarkable accuracy. In a controlled experimental setting, we found that random forest algorithms, based on a Bagging strategy and applied in the HSV colour space, showed optimal results in smartphone-assisted urinalysis. This study also introduces a novel urine colour correction method, significantly improving machine learning model performance. Additionally, ISO parameters were identified as crucial factors influencing the accuracy of smartphone-based urinalysis in the absence of additional lighting or optical configurations, highlighting the potential of this technology in low-resource settings.

Prediction of Annual Daylighting Performance Using Inverse Models

This paper presents the results of a study that developed improved inverse models to accurately predict the annual daylighting performance (sDA and lighting energy use) of various window configurations. This inverse model is an improvement over previous inverse models because it can be applied to variable room geometries at different weather locations in the US. The room geometries can be varied from 3 m × 3 m × 2.5 m to 15 m × 15 m × 10 m (length × width × height). The other variables used in the model include orientation (N, E, S, W), window-to-floor ratio, window location in the exterior wall, glazing visible transmittance, ceiling visible reflectance, wall visible reflectance, shade type (overhangs, fins), shade visible reflectance, lighting power density (LPD) (W/m2), and lighting dimming setpoint (lux). Such models can quickly advise architects during the preliminary design phase about which daylighting design options provide useful daylighting, while minimizing the annual auxiliary lighting energy use. The inverse models tested and developed were multi-linear regression (MLR) models, which were trained and tested against Radiance-based annual daylighting simulation results. In the analysis, 482 cases with different model conditions were simulated, to develop and validate the inverse models. This study used 75% of the data to train the model and 25% of the data to validate the model. The results showed that the new inverse models had a high accuracy in the annual daylighting performance predictions, with an R2 of 0.99 and an CV(RMSE) of 15.19% (RMSE of 58.91) for the lighting energy (LE) prediction, and an R2 of 0.95 and an CV(RMSE) of 14.38% (RMSE of 8.02) for the sDA prediction. In addition, the validation results showed that the LE MLR model and sDA MLR model had an R2 of 0.96 and 0.85, and RASE of 121.89 and 8.54, respectively, which indicate that the inverse models could accurately predict daylighting results for sDA and lighting energy use.

Research on Energy-saving Calculation of Navigational Lighting System Powered by Low Current in Green Airport

The airport navigation lighting system is an important energy-consuming system in the flight area. The annual energy consumption of large and medium-sized airports can reach millions of kilowatt hours. At present, the airport is replacing traditional halogen lamps with LED navigation lighting for energy conservation. For LED lighting under the traditional 6.6 A power supply system, the circuit loss is high, and the overall energy-saving effect of the system is not good. A low-current power supply energy-saving navigation lighting system is proposed. The primary cable, secondary cable, isolation transformer, and auxiliary lighting system in the navigation lighting circuit are studied by performing the energy-saving calculation of navigation lights under low currents. By building a set of navigation lighting systems to conduct energy consumption experiments and comparing them with theoretical calculations, a calculation model is proposed to provide a basis for energy-saving calculations for the application of a low-current power supply navigation lighting system.

Lighting and orientation-lighting fire equipment: Trends and prospects

The purpose of the article is to carry out an analysis of modern fire-fighting equipment and lighting accessories based on a review of scientific journals and technical passports of lighting equipment. A comparative analysis of fire-fighting helmets in the aspect of comparison of lighting accessories has been carried out in the article; factors that should be considered when choosing lighting equipment have been determined. A comparative analysis of qualitative and technical characteristics of fire-fighting lanterns and their positive and negative sides have been carried out based on these factors. The characteristics of auxiliary lighting equipment have been described. The materials of the study included works published during the last eleven years which made it possible to present the latest finding on the study subject and to draw the relevant for future studies conclusions. The results of the study allowed outlining the significance of the lighting and orientation of light fire equipment in eliminating fires and rescuing victims (both civilians and fire service personnel). The main functional and technical advantages and disadvantages of the widely used equipment are highlighted in the study.

Employing auxiliary natural lighting systems within the elements of traditional buildings: A special study on employing one of the auxiliary lighting techniques within one of the elements of a mosque in the ancient urban fabric

Employing auxiliary natural lighting systems within the elements of traditional buildings: A special study on employing one of the auxiliary lighting techniques within one of the elements of a mosque in the ancient urban fabric

Starter-generator sets of modern vehicles

This article describes the purpose and applications of the starter generator set. The modes of operation of a starter-generator set are considered both as a sequential excitation direct current electric motor, which rotates the shaft of an internal combustion engine, and as a generator, when an electric machine operates as a direct current source of independent excitation, supplying power to electric control circuits, electric motors of auxiliary electrical equipment, lighting and battery charging. Additional functions of a starter-generator set in the form of a start-stop system, regenerative braking, booster acceleration of a vehicle, damping of torsional moments of the shaft of an internal combustion engine and control of energy flows in the on-board network were studied.
 The choice and substantiation of the optimal scheme, as well as the design of the starter-generator device, were carried out. The main technical and economic parameters of the starter-generator set were determined. The design of a starter-generator set was presented. This design is a reversible electric machine. A block diagram of a starter-generator set was developed.
 Electrical machines used for starter-generator sets are considered. The design of an asynchronous machine with a squirrel-cage rotor, a synchronous machine with electromagnetic excitation, a valve machine with permanent magnets, a contactless machine, a synchronous machine with permanent magnets, and a valve machine with self-excitation are described. A review and analysis of electrical machines used in starter-generator sets of leading foreign companies is carried out.
 The design of a reversible induction-dynamic machine is considered. The rotor rotates outside, and not inside the motor and is a short-circuited winding with a cast aluminum cage. The calculation of the main parameters of a reversible induction-dynamic machine was carried out both in the starting and in the generator modes. The calculation using a method similar to that of an induction motor was carried out.

A review of researches on lighting energy saving technology methods for highway tunnels

Lighting accounts for a large proportion of energy consumption in highway tunnels. In the context of the “low-carbon economy” and “energy conservation and emission reduction” strategies, this article starts from designing energy conservation, and discusses energy saving of light sources, lamp arrangement, control system, and auxiliary lighting. It summarizes the related research results, and puts forward some insights on the future energy saving design of highway tunnel lighting in China, and provides a reference for highway tunnel lighting design.

Impact of different standard lighting sources on red jadeite and color quality grading

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the standard light source for grading and displaying the color of red jadeite and to classify the color. With Raman spectrometer, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, the results show that, the Fe 3+ is the main chromogenic mineral of red jadeite, which negatively correlates with the tonal angle, while the color of red jadeite has a positive correlation with the hematite content. The color of 120 red jadeite samples was examined by collecting the reflective signaled from the sample surface using an integrating sphere with the portable X-Rite SP62 spectrophotometer based on CIE 1976 L*a*b* uniform color space. The color parameters of jadeite samples under D65, A and CWF standard light sources were analyzed. The light spectrum of D65 light source is continuous, relatively smoothed with high color temperature, which makes the sample color close to that under the natural light and can be used as the best evaluation light source. A light source contributes to improve the red tone of jadeite, which is the best light source for commercial display of red jadeite. CWF light source can be used as the auxiliary lighting for color evaluation. The color of red jadeite is divided into five levels from best to worst using K-Means cluster analysis and Fisher discriminant analysis under D65 light source: Fancy Vivid, Fancy Deep, Fancy Intense, Fancy dark and Fancy.

Identifying Equipment Factors Associated with Snowplow Operator Fatigue

A recent body of research in fatigue management indicates that other factors, including in-cab and external equipment, contribute to operator fatigue. The goal of this project was to identify winter road maintenance equipment (in-cab and external) that may increase or mitigate snowplow operator fatigue. To accomplish this goal, questionnaires from 2011 snowplow operators were collected from 23 states in the U.S. Results confirmed previous research that fatigue is prevalent in winter road maintenance operations. Winter road maintenance equipment that produced excessive vibrations, noise, reduced visibility, and complex task demands were found to increase snowplow operators’ self-reported fatigue. Similarly, equipment that reduced vibrations and external noise, improved visibility, and limited secondary tasks were found to reduce snowplow operator’s self-reported fatigue. Based on the questionnaire responses and the feasibility of implementation, the following equipment may help to mitigate or prevent snowplow operator fatigue: dimmable interior lighting, LED bulbs for exterior lighting, dimmable warning lights, a CD player or satellite radio in each vehicle, heated windshield, snow deflectors, narrow-beam auxiliary lighting, and more ergonomically designed seats with vibration dampening/air-ride technology.

Lighting Environment Optimization of Highway Tunnel Entrance Based on Simulation Research

At the entrance of a tunnel, reflection of sunlight from the surrounding environment and a lack of adequate lighting usually cause some vision problems. The purpose of this study is to optimize the lighting environment at the entrance of highway tunnels. Firstly, based on a highway tunnel in Zhejiang Province, the natural illumination intensity in different seasons and climate conditions inside and outside the tunnel entrance was analyzed by means of DIALux simulation software. Then the variation in illumination conditions with distance at the entrance of the tunnel was analyzed. Finally, based on the results above, this study proposes four solutions as follows: setting up a shading shed, auxiliary lighting facilities, decelerating reflective markings, and an adaptive dimming system.

Optical design optimization of high contrast light guide plate for front light unit

This study addresses the optical design of LED edge-lit light guide plate (LGP) for front light unit panel of high illuminating contrast. Front light displays have excellent readability in outdoor environment with bright ambient light. A LED light guide is still required as an auxiliary lighting, referred to as a front light unit (FLU), in a dim environment. The ray tracing of the FLU light guide plate can be roughly classified into the noise rays refracted out of LGP directly and the image rays refracted downward to illuminate the reading media. Only the image rays is effective for FLU, and the noise ray will result in glare problems. This study defines the Effective Contrast Ratio (ECR) as the percentage of the image rays over the total rays within the ± 30° viewing angle. The layout of cylindrical microstructures are analyzed to determine a preferred configuration design from either concave or convex features deployed on the emitting surface or the bottom surface of LGP. Thought the ray tracing simulations of both the convex bottom and the concave bottom feature designs show excellent ECR over 90%, the concave design is preferred for better durability and assembly concerns at a cost of lower illuminating efficiency. The optimum parameters of the truncated cone microfeature with maximum ECR are identified as the base diameter of 70 (μm), the aspect ratio of 0.46, and the feature sidewall angle of 78° using a sequential optimization of Kriging Surrogate. A preliminary prototype of the LGP has been fabricated using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molding process from a SU8 master. A qualitative comparison of the photographic pictures of a sample text demonstrates the excellent transparency and uniform illumination of the LGP with the proposed feature design.

English

A Thermal power plant consist of various cycles and subsystems like air & flue gas cycle, main steam cycle , feed water & condensate water cycle , fuel & ash cycle, Equipment cooling water (ECW), auxiliary cooling water (ACW) system, Compressed air system ,Electrical auxiliary power & lighting system, HVAC system etc . In India , most thermal power plants employing sub critical technology are able to work only at 30 - 40 percent efficiency . The remaining 60 - 70 %is lost during generation, transmission and distribution out of which the predominant loss is in the form of heat . This paper demonstrates the major energy saving potential areas and methods to improve the overall efficiency of a thermal power plant .

Development in Auxiliary Lighting for Weather Information

인간의 불의 발견 이후 인간의 생활에 있어서 조명은 없어서는 안 되는 도구가 되었다. 최초 불로 시작했다고 보는 인공조명의 역사는 발열이 많이 되는 연소방식의 조명에서 전기방식의 조명으로의 전환과 전자방식의 조명으로의 발전에 따라 인간의 조명의 사용방식을 혁신적으로 바꾸기 시작했다.<BR> 조명의 이런 역사적, 기술적 발전으로 인해 현대의 조명의 역할은 단순히 특정 공간이나 위치를 광원을 통해 밝게 해주는 기능에서 멈추지 않고 확장되어 다양한 목적으로 확장되기 시작했으며, 실내용 조명에 있어서는 특정 장소를 밝히는 목적을 넘어서 조명의 효과가 주는 매력감, 압박감 등의 감성적 특성을 통해 공간에 대한 개성을 부여하고 감정을 유발하는 용도로 사용되기 시작했다. 이런 조명에 대한 개념적 확장은 조명의 용도와 역할을 넘어서 그 자체로 미적인 부분 등의 추가적 목적을 충족시켜야 한다는 것에 초점이 맞춰지고 있으며 특히 미학적인 관점에서는 조명이 유휴상태일 경우 조명 자체의 미적인 감성을 충족시키는 부분에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다.<BR> 이에 본 논문에서는 조명의 개념적 확장의 부분에서 조명 자체의 기능을 넘어서 조명이 유휴상태일 때에도 다른 기능, 즉 정보전달을 해주는 매체로서의 기능도 수행하는 가능성에 대해 고민하였다.<BR> 정보의 출처로는 전 세계적으로 가장 많은 정보가 유통되는 플랫폼인 웹으로부터 얻는 방법을 구상하였으며, 대표정보로는 날씨정보를 선택하였다. 특히 정보제공업체에서 제공해 주는 API1)를 활용하였는데, 날씨 정보 API를 활용한 방법은 최근 유행하는 SNS나 여타 인터넷 프로그램들이 제공하는 서비스의 활용방법과 큰 차이가 없기 때문에 SNS등의 다양한 방법으로의 확장이 가능하며, 이것은 날씨표시 보조조명의 가능성을 무한대로 확장할 수 있는 방식이다.<BR> 이런 가능성을 현재의 조명이 광원, 배광형태, 설치위치에 따라 어떤 특성을 갖는지 조사 후, 조건에 맞는 조명의 형태와 특징을 유추해 내었으며, 이 결과를 이용해 실제 프로토타입 제작을 하여, 인터넷 정보표시 보조조명의 가능성에 대해 확인을 하였다.<BR> 본 연구를 통해 간단하지만 다양한 방식의 정보표현이 가능한 조명에 대한 가능성에 대한 접근을 해보았으며, 앞서 언급한 것과 같이 이와 같은 정보표현의 내용은 그 제공 데이터에 따라 무한한 확장이 가능하다. 본 연구는 다양한 정보표현 방식과 다양한 정보의 융합을 통해 새로운 방식의 조명제작에 기여할 것이다.

Negative Lens–Induced Myopia in Infant Monkeys: Effects of High Ambient Lighting

To determine whether high light levels, which have a protective effect against form-deprivation myopia, also retard the development of lens-induced myopia in primates. Hyperopic defocus was imposed on 27 monkeys by securing -3 diopter (D) lenses in front of one eye. The lens-rearing procedures were initiated at 24 days of age and continued for periods ranging from 50 to 123 days. Fifteen of the treated monkeys were exposed to normal laboratory light levels (∼350 lux). For the other 12 lens-reared monkeys, auxiliary lighting increased the illuminance to 25,000 lux for 6 hours during the middle of the daily 12 hour light cycle. Refractive development, corneal power, and axial dimensions were assessed by retinoscopy, keratometry, and ultrasonography, respectively. Data were also obtained from 37 control monkeys, four of which were exposed to high ambient lighting. in normal- and high-light-reared monkeys, hyperopic defocus accelerated vitreous chamber elongation and produced myopic shifts in refractive error. the high light regimen did not alter the degree of myopia (high light: -1.69 ± 0.84 D versus normal light: -2.08 ± 1.12 D; P = 0.40) or the rate at which the treated eyes compensated for the imposed defocus. Following lens removal, the high light monkeys recovered from the induced myopia. The recovery process was not affected by the high lighting regimen. In contrast to the protective effects that high ambient lighting has against form-deprivation myopia, high artificial lighting did not alter the course of compensation to imposed defocus. These results indicate that the mechanisms responsible for form-deprivation myopia and lens-induced myopia are not identical.

The power-saving mechanism for solar power LED traffic signal light system

This article proposes a mechanism to reduce the battery power consumed by an independent solar-powered light intensity detection (LED) used for auxiliary traffic sign lighting by means of special background light sensor detection and an LED brightness control. This kind of traffic sign is deployed in remote areas and public utilities, where workers find hard to reach. Symbols and signs shaped by LED lights can assist drivers in mountain areas, remote areas, roads and highways with indications of directions and/or speed limits such that traffic accidents can be reduced. LED lights are especially suitable for environments with poor lights.

Energy-Saving Experimental Study on Reflective Material Auxiliary Tunnel Lighting Based on Visual Effect

Applying visual performance method, use reaction time measurement system to measure the small target which randomly appears inside the tunnel and analyse the measured data processing results then obtain the relationship between reaction time and the inner wall material、tunnel light and background luminance. We hold that human eyes on different luminance levels in tunnel lighting and visual characteristics of reflection reflection materials obeys Purkinje phenomenon. According to the visual performance theory, we put forward that reflective material assisting tunnel lighting will achieve good effect in energy saving. The study on reflective materials applied in tunnel lighting energy saving play an important guiding significance.

An Advanced Vehicle Night Driving Assistance System Based on the DaVinci Platform

The paper will mainly work for the establishment of advanced vehicle night driving assistance system based on the DaVinci™ platform., which including the adaptive front lighting subsystem, the infrared night vision lighting subsystems and the embedded processing platform. The implementation and system integration applications of the adaptive front lighting technology based on driving behavior and the infrared night vision technology are main research objects. Through intelligent auxiliary lighting and enhance vision, driver awareness at night and road safety are significantly improve.

Protective Effects of High Ambient Lighting on the Development of Form-Deprivation Myopia in Rhesus Monkeys

Time spent outdoors reduces the likelihood that children will develop myopia, possibly because light levels are much higher outdoors than indoors. To test this hypothesis, the effects of high ambient lighting on vision-induced myopia in monkeys were determined. Monocular form deprivation was imposed on eight infant rhesus monkeys. Throughout the rearing period (23 ± 2 to 132 ± 8 days), auxiliary lighting increased the cage-level illuminance from normal lighting levels (15-630 lux) to ∼25,000 lux for 6 hours during the middle of the daily 12-hour light cycle. Refractive development and axial dimensions were assessed by retinoscopy and ultrasonography, respectively. Comparison data were obtained in previous studies from 18 monocularly form-deprived and 32 normal monkeys reared under ordinary laboratory lighting. Form deprivation produced axial myopia in 16 of 18 normal-light-reared monkeys. In contrast, only 2 of the 8 high-light-reared monkeys developed myopic anisometropias, and in 6 of these monkeys, the form-deprived eyes were more hyperopic than their fellow eyes. The treated eyes of the high-light-reared monkeys were more hyperopic than the form-deprived eyes of the normal-light-reared monkeys. In addition, both eyes of the high-light-reared monkeys were more hyperopic than those of normal monkeys. High ambient lighting retards the development of form-deprivation myopia in monkeys. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that the protective effects of outdoor activities against myopia in children are due to exposure to the higher light levels encountered outdoors. It is possible that therapeutic protection against myopia can be achieved by manipulating indoor lighting levels.

The potential impact of light emitting diode lighting on reducing mining injuries during operation and maintenance of lighting systems

Research by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) indicates that light emitting diodes (LEDs) can be used to enhance safety by improving a miner’s ability to see mining hazards and reducing glare. This paper investigates if LEDs provide another benefit by reducing miner exposure to hazards during maintenance and operation of LED lighting. LEDs could provide useful lives up to 50 times longer than incandescent lighting commonly used in mining and could enable design changes to reduce certain hazards. The mining accident records compiled by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) were examined to determine the extent and nature of accidents involving the maintenance and operation of mine luminaries. A total of 140 relevant accident records were found for the years 2002–2006. These incidents resulted in 3668 days lost from work with an additional 925 days of restricted activity. The injury narratives were studied to determine if the implementation of LED-based luminaries could reduce injury severity and frequency. The greatest near-term potential impacts appear to be related to reducing maintenance and cap lamp redesign. Longer term (5 years), low-power and lightweight auxiliary LED lighting for surface mines could also have potential impact for improving safety.

Optical design and optimization of light emitting diode automotive head light with digital micromirror device light emitting diode

This research proposes a new method for light emitting diode automotive headlight design with digital micromirror device (DMD). The optical design is advanced because of the following features. First, this optical design controls the angle of light pattern without light masking so as to achieve much higher light efficiency compared with traditional optical design for headlight systems. Second, in view of the tendency that the advanced light emitting diode automobile headlight is designed to be a low beam light module and a high beam light still needs an auxiliary lighting system, the optical system designed in this research, mainly adopting DMD module as high/low beam light switch, can switch on and off both the high and low beam lights. Because DMDs function of accepting a bidimensional image, high/low beam light patterns can be determined by DMD. Third, a light pattern will be created and compensated simultaneously by DMD, which might replace mechanical adaptive front-lighting system in the future because DMD takes advantage of fast response and simultaneous compensation. Fourth, a design using a multiple reflection curved mirror is employed in this research to adjust light energy distribution; therefore, the articulation of the light pattern can be enhanced. For this method, experimental results of light efficiency are up to 85%, which is superior to current products in the market.