Autonomous Subject Research Articles

Эмоциональная компетентность будущего специалиста по защите информации: понятие и педагогические условия развития

Comprehensive digitalization of all spheres of human activity has become the most important factor influencing the communicative environment of society and resulted in new requirements to the competencies of university graduates. An information security specialist (IS) is a technical specialist that has to develop soft skills. It can be explained by the fact that he has to assess human risks; to raise information security awareness of the organization's employees; to increase information security culture; and to involve company’s employees in the information security process. The virtualization of communications determines the gradual emotional autonomy of subjects, which negatively affects the results of the activity of an information security specialist. Thus, the author defines the essential features and pedagogical conditions for the development of emotional competence of a future information security specialist in a university environment. The author clarified the concept of emotional competence of a future information security specialist. The scientific novelty is in identifying the features and conditions for the development of the emotional competence of information security specialists in a university environment. The effectiveness of the implementation of these conditions during the training of university students in information security management emphasizes the practical significance of the study.

Autonomía en el aprendizaje ¿aspiración educativa o realidad? el impacto del proceso formativo escolar

This article analyzes the concepts and characteristics of autonomy, autonomous learning and self-regulated learning, the ways in which they can be favored in students, the conditions that benefit or hinder the development of this type of learning, as well as the function and contribution they have in the learning process; finally, an intervention proposal is presented in order to reorient teaching practices. The objective was to investigate the factors of formal and non-formal learning processes that affect autonomous development, promoters of independent learning and self-efficacy beliefs, as well as the meanings and practices that teacher-students have around this type of learning. This work is the product of a mixed methodological approach research that addresses the postgraduate level students of the Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (Mexico) who are teachers of basic education. Among the findings we identify a clear relationship between the type of education, the parenting discipline and the development of an academic autonomy, so we presume that the educational aspiration to train autonomous subjects is not the exclusive responsibility of the school, however, the teaching practice has great relevance in promoting autonomous development processes.

Методологія дослідження феномену самоврядності в контексті політико-правового дискурсу

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of the institution of self-government in the conditions of modern political and legal discourse, determined by the gradual transition to the system of state and public administration. Self-government is implemented through self-governing organizations that unite self-regulation entities by spheres (branches) of their activities, industry, professional characteristics. A self-governing organization is created in the form of a non-governmental non-profit organization based on the membership of the relevant self-regulation entities in it. The balance between the institution of self-government and the state is an important factor in stable democratic development, and its violation leads to hypertrophy of power structures, alienation and political impotence of the people. The institution of self-government and the public sector must form a single balanced system of public life. At the same time, they are fundamentally different. In particular, this is due to the fact that the activities of the institution of self-government are primarily focused on the creation of social systems and connections based on beliefs. The influence and authority of the institution of self-government is based on its ability to appeal to the traditions, values and benefits of society. On the other hand, the general government sector relies on the existing political system that ensures the activities of this sector. It has been established that the main goal of self-government is the qualitative development of the relevant sphere, as well as the achievement of a balance between the interests of an autonomous subject and the interests of the state. The system of self-government of any kind of activity should not be drawn into the political processes of the state by any forces. The modernization of the institution of self-government is a permanent process of the development of civil society and the improvement of the country's political system through the implementation of the most relevant ideas, mechanisms and tools.

How Practical is Critique? From Matters of Concern to Matters of Commitment

Recent critical discourse on "critique" tends to betray a certain discomfort with critique's Enlightenment origins and its corresponding alignment with notions of autonomous subjectivity and universality. Especially since Bruno Latour's broadside against critical "anti-fetishism," supporters have been at pains to distance critique from the image of a self-satisfied vanguard chiding the unenlightened.

On the properties of criminal justice as a kind of social reality

This article deals with the fundamental issues of Russian criminal procedure law related to the purpose of criminal proceedings, its social nature and the "laws" of its functioning as a super-complex object of management. The author formulates the sociological concept of criminal justice as a special kind of social education, the "members" of which are organizationally and functionally separate, autonomous subjects of criminal procedure. The paper emphasizes the connection between the purpose of criminal justice as a broad social system and the tasks facing the participants of criminal procedure relations. The conclusions that the author comes to as a result of the research are formulated separately.

THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINING THE LEGAL PERSONALITY OF ROBOTS

Abstract: the article examines the problem of determining the legal personality of robots, which is important for legal science, and considers its prospects. Some researchers believe that the granting of legal personality to robots is impossible for the reason that their behavior is not completely independent, and the expression of will is questionable. Other authors suggest that, on the contrary, assigning the robot the status of a subject will make it possible to make legal relations with the robot more transparent, since they will allow it to be assigned a certain responsibility for its own actions. It is established that in the current conditions it is impossible to give the robot legal personality, since end-to-end digital technologies have not yet reached the necessary level of development. And a robot cannot act as a fully autonomous subject. However, over time and in the process of improving breakthrough technologies, the situation may change, and giving the robot legal personality will become a necessity. This will allow lawyers to clearly and systematically assess law enforcement practices involving robots, so that at the right time, taking into account the level of development and application of robotics, they can decide to initiate the issue of assigning the robot the status of a legal entity.

E-portfolio as a tool of pedagogical management in the virtual information and educational environment of the university

One of the main tasks of the modern education system is not just to transfer to students as much knowledge as possible, but rather the ability to extract it, the ability to navigate the flow of up-to-date information. The quality and reliability of the future specialist’s knowledge, his ability to solve complex issues independently, and the success of his future professional activities depend on the organization of pedagogical management in the educational activities of students. The virtual educational environment is understood as an arbitrarily constructed structure of the information environment, consisting of a set of autonomous subjects which connections are nonlinear and probabilistic. The virtual educational environment implements students’ life strategies and values in digital social interaction. The purpose of the research is to determine the features of using the pedagogical technology of creating a portfolio in the electronic form as a tool of pedagogical management in the virtual information and educational environment of the University. The objectives of the research are to analyze the components of the electronic portfolio of students and compare them with the stages of implementation of the pedagogical technology for creating a students’ portfolio. The solution of the research tasks is based on the criterion of improving the professional literacy of the university students and evaluating their achievements using e-portfolio technology.

The hyperphagic experience in obesity: a phenomenological study of French and Brazilian contexts

Abstract This article aims to understand the hyperphagic experience in the obesity of patients in the French and Brazilian contexts. Using the critical phenomenological method, twenty subjects were interviewed in health services in Paris and in Fortaleza. We note an objectification and expropriation of the body often experienced in the hyperphagic experience in obesity. We highlight the emphasis on health in the French context and on form and aesthetics in the Brazilian context. In Fortaleza, there seems to be a more evidenced discrimination in relation to obesity and a pathological discourse, whereas in Paris this pathologization is viewed from a critical position regarding the treatments. We conclude that the hyperphagic experience in obesity reveals a subject who is often lost in his/her way of being and having a body, and that clinical work must involve the re-appropriation of this body and the recovery of the condition of the autonomous subject.

Проблема определения понятия «коренной народ» в международном и внутригосударственном праве

The article highlights the problem of defining the concept of «indigenous people» in international and domestic (local) law. It is found that the current practice of defining them still retains some difficulties due to the lack of a clear, unified and formally fixed definition of these peoples at universal legal level. Particular attention is given to the study of existing approaches to their definition used at domestic (local) level. A proposal is made that there is a necessity to rethink concept of defining «indigenous people». Authors in the research understand the recognition of these ethnic communities as autonomous subjects of international and domestic (local) law. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded that the current practice of defining indigenous peoples are highly variable greatly depending on the features of each state. At the same time, it still reveals a certain coherence based on historical and cultural assumptions.

Pandemic Politics without Alternatives

Starting from the current situation of a global pandemic policy, the paper investigates the questions of, firstly, what postmodernism had offered in terms of freedoms before this policy took over, and secondly, what might be expected as a change in policy after the pandemic. Postmodernism is regarded as characterized by the following items: The renunciation of the idea of an autonomous subject, of a general order of values, of substances as the man or the people, of the thinking in hierarchies and of one-dimensional method from one beginning to one end. What does the one-dimensional pandemic politics offer instead of the freedom of postmodernism? It is the execution of hygiene, of distancing, of masking, of securities, of healthy aging, of home office and of cultural poverty. The paper then discusses the foundations on which a post-pandemic social philosophy could be built to enable a truly democratic society without the one-dimensional, authoritarian politics of executing a presumed factual constraint. It would stress the social relations, the Between of men and women, the independent creation of sense without a prescribed origin and prescribed aim of societies. That means an emphasis on the pluralities of culture instead of an imposition of a supposed factual constreint

INNOVATION IN THE GLOBAL PEDAGOGY: LEARNING THROUGH THE METHODOLOGY OF "SHENBANG»

Problem statement. The article discusses the problem of creating an innovative system of teaching schoolchildren, taking into account the requirements for the modernization of the educational system in China. The problem can be solved by developing the student's autonomy. The purpose of the research is to conduct a comparative analysis of methodological and theoretical methods for developing the autonomy of subjects of the educational process based on the material of the Shenben training system and the traditional training system. Subject of research – national-pedagogical system of training of pupils Shenben. Results. The humanistic paradigm of education today is focused on individual and personal characteristics with different abilities and cognitive needs of schoolchildren. In China's school system, a large percentage of students have high scores on their final exams. However, in everyday life, they rarely use their knowledge, do not show initiative, and children lack creative potential. In the traditional Shiben system, the main role in the educational process belongs to the teacher. The result of the research is the theoretical and methodological development of the "Shenben" method, which involves constant development and improvement depending on the current context. Conclusion. The developed author's method "Shenben" rebuilds the educational process, orients it to the child, who acts as an important resource against the background of Confucian culture and taking into account all the advantages of traditional education.

Bir Tutku Öznesi Olarak Kumru

In this study, Kumru, the heroine in Tahsin Yücel’s Kumru ile Kumru (Kumru and Kumru) and the objects that guide her life are analyzed from a semiotics aspect. However, the study is limited to subject-object relations and subject types. The analysis starts with the presentation of methods and the terms of the second order language. The subject is an agent who has a will and consciousness and carries human features while the object is the concrete or abstract unit that the subject impels one’s consciousness with. After presenting theoretical information about value object and information object, two types of subjects were identified: one who does not have a will thus does not have subject quality, and one who has a will thus has subject quality. The subjects in the second group are divided into four subcategories based on their relationships with the objects: empty subject, request subject, knowledge subject, and separation subject. If the subject in this location depends on a stronger sender, they are defined as dependent, if not they are defined as independent (autonomous) subjects. While Kumru did not carry the subject features at first, after being the dependent empty subject, dependent request subject, independent request subject positions respectively and returning to the starting state, losing both her will, her objects, and features of being a subject. Since Kumru is not associated with knowledge, Kumru never comes into the subject of knowledge and separation. The value objects in the novel include underwear, refrigerators, televisions, and cars that can be consumed and lose value over time. Each object converts, strengthens, then depresses Kumru. According to Kumru, when human relationships are correlated to objects, if objects have no value, humans do not have value.

ТЕОРИЯ ЮРИДИЧЕСКОГО ЛИЦА: ИНТЕГРАТИВНЫЙ ПОДХОД (Legal Person Theory: An Integrative Approach)

Russian Abstract:Процесс концентрации и централизации капитала, обусловленный переходом от натурального хозяйства к товарному привел к изменению экономического представление о юридическом лице, совершенствования правовой составляющей этой конструкции. Бесспорно, что с помощью теории фикции Ф. К. Савиньи раскрывается основная концептуальная идея обоснования природы юридического лица через концентрацию имущества и денежных средств в руках автономного субъекта права, ограничения гражданско-правовой ответственности физического лица за результаты деятельности такого субъекта, обеспечило быстрое развитие этой правовой конструкции. Однако, сегодня мы наблюдаем потребность в положительной деформации этого концепта. Через собственные особые черты, которые раскрываются в признаках самостоятельной юридической ответственности и автономной участия в гражданском обороте юридическое лицо становится средством неправомерных действий в гражданском обороте связанных с ней физических лиц. Компенсаторностю этого обстоятельства выступает расширение границ юридической ответственности физических лиц за результаты деятельности юридического лица, а также фрагментарное сужение автономии ее участия в гражданском обороте, в частности в части защиты своих субъективных гражданских прав. Итак, определяя современный взгляд на природу юридического лица мы синтезируем положения теории фикции Ф. К. Савиньи и положения о сущности человеческого субстрата в жизни юридического лица, которые развернуты в теории интереса Р. Иерингу в единую интегративную теорию. English Abstract:The process of concentration and centralization of the assets, conditioned by the transfer from the homegrown production to the commercial one, has led to the change of economics idea of a legal person, improvement of the legal component of this construction. Without a doubt, with the help of the fiction theory of F.C. Savigny, the main conceptual idea of legal person nature grounding is divulged through the property and monetary means concentration, in the hands of an autonomous subject of the right, limits of civil-legal responsibility of an individual in the results of activity of such a subject, which caused a rampant development of this legal construction. However, nowadays we are observing a necessity of positive deformation of this concept. Due to personal special traits which are unlocked in the features of independent legal responsibility and autonomous participation in a civil circulation, a legal person becomes a resource of legal faults in the civil circulation of the connected with it individuals. The compensative factor for this circumstance is the expansion of the limits of legal liability of individuals for the results of activity of a legal person, as well as a fragmentary narrowing of the autonomy of its participation in civil transactions, in particular in terms of protection of their subjective civil rights. Consequently, when determining a modern view on the nature of a legal person, we synthetize the ideas of the fiction theory of F.C. Savigny and the concept of human essence in life of a legal person, developed in the R. Jhering jurisprudence of interests theory into unique integrative theory.

Preparing Students to Interact With Persons With Dementia in a Research Context

By U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates, the number of older adults with Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias (ADRD) is expected to increase 278% by 2060 to affect approximately 13.9 million individuals. Research is needed to not only improve understanding and treatment of ADRD but to also study its effect on the physical, emotional, and psychological well-being of persons with dementia (PWD) and their care partners (CP). However, due to the diminishing cognitive and functional capacities of PWDs associated with the progression of ADRD over time, research efforts are sometimes hampered by a plethora of potential scientific, logistical, ethical, and emotional barriers. This session will introduce an educational approach used to train students who are interested in conducting in-home research among PWDs and their CPs and share lessons learned through the program’s pilot training of undergraduate and graduate students (N=6). Through didactic training, role-playing exercises, and experiential learning processes, trainees are equipped to accompany research project interviewers into the homes of PWD and assist in implementing research protocols. Students receive extensive training in the disease trajectories of ADRD, the impacts of disease on PWDs and their CPs, ways to communicate and interact with PWDs, best practices in promoting the protection and autonomy of human subjects with dementia, and approaches to obtaining quality data for research.

The im-/possibility of hybrid inclusion: Disrupting the ‘happy inclusion’ story with the case of the Greenlandic Police Force

The notion of uniqueness, as articulated at the centre of most organisational inclusion literature, is inextricably tied to Western-centric idea(l)s of the autonomous, individual and self-sufficient subject, stripped of historical inequalities and relational embeddedness. Following a critical inclusion agenda and seeking alternatives to this predominant view, we apply a Bhabhaian postcolonial lens to the ethnographic study of organisational efforts to include indigenous Kalaallit people in the Greenlandic Police Force. Greenland has home rule, but is still part of the Kingdom of Denmark and is subject to Danish defence policy and the police force. With Bhabha’s notion of mimicry, we explore how police officers, through performing ‘Danish’ (Western) culture and professionalism, both confirm and resist colonial stereotypes and even open up pathways towards hybridity. Building on the officers’ experiences, we introduce the term ‘hybrid inclusion’ by which we emphasise two interrelated dimensions necessary for advancing critical inclusion studies: first, a certain understanding of the to-be-included subject as fluid, emergent and thus ontologically singular but at the same time relationally embedded in a collective colonial past and present; second, organisational practices for inclusivity that address and work with the actual impossibility of a ‘happy inclusion story’, free of contradictions and conflicts.

Contemporary Self-Help Literature: An Analysis From the Perspective of Governementality Studies

In this paper we will be analyzing contemporary self-help literature through the lens of what is usually called “governmentality studies”. These studies originate in the thought of Michel Foucault therefore we will begin our paper by presenting his theoretical framework for analyzing governmentality. The concept of the “dispositif” will be explained as a network of power relations aimed at governing individuals. “Subjection” is a concept we wil be using and it will be explained as a process of making individuals a part of a dispositif. Also the concept of “subjectivity” will be used, defined as a relation that an individual has with himself through which he governs himself and the concept of “technologies of the self” defined as a set of discourses through which subjectivity is formed. Our idea is to research contemporary self-help literature as a technology of the self through which an individual governs himself according to the rules of a certain dispositif therefore. In the next part of our paper we will present the context of our research which will be described as a change in governmentality regimes in the second half of the twentieth century. We will present that change as a transition from a disciplinary regime of governemntality to the neoliberal regime. In the next part of our paper we will define self-help literature as a discursive technology of the self that aims at getting its readers to see themselves as having a problem that requires them to transform themselves and therefore achieve happiness. Next we will present a short history oh self-help literature dividing it into three phases that differ in the relation authors have to their readers and in the figure of the big other whose ideas the authors claim to represent. We will claim that our object of research is the third period of the development of self-help literature beginning in the eighties. Next we will present our research that will be conducted by using Foucaults’s theoretical discourse developed in the second volume of his History of Sexuality. We will conclude that contemporary self-help literature can be seen as a technology of the self that transforms the reader’s subjectivity in order to make them govern themselves as autonomous subjects that seek to fulfill their innermost desires. Therefore we will claim that contemporary self-help literature can bee seen as a technology of the self of the neoliberal governmentality regime.

La heredera como transgresora de una memoria

Este artículo es un análisis sobre ¿cómo la herencia de una memoria puede ser transgredida cambiada, interrumpida e intervenida por medio de actos? En dos escenas de las obras Fe en disfraz de Mayra Santos-Febres y Palabra, ojos y memoria de Edwidge Danticat. Estas escenas apuntan a posicionar a la mujer negra como una heredera transgresora de una memoria colectiva. Una mujer que resiste y responde a otros modos de heredar, a otros modos de responder a ese legado que le ha sido asignado. Este ensayo propone una mirada crítica, haciendo énfasis en el papel de la mujer heredera y en su construcción como sujeto autónomo.

Key Issues of International Legal Regulation of Autonomous Maritime Navigation

INTRODUCTION.Onthebasisofprovisionsofthe1982UNConventionontheLawoftheSeaandotherlegaldocuments, the article analyzes topical issues of the current and future international legal regulation of the use of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS), which are capable of completely transforming the shipping and international maritime transportation industry in the near future.MATERIALSANDMETHODS.Theissues raisedinthearticlearestructurallydividedintothreemaingroups.Thefirstoneisconnectedwiththeanthropocentrismofthe‘pre-digitalera’law– that is, with its inability to work with other autonomous subjects except for people and various forms of their organization. The second is determined by specific characteristics of autonomous systems themselves, among which their non-determinism and ability to self-study should be noted. The third group is directly related to the legal support of MASS cybersecurity in the new conditions.RESEARCHRESULTS.Whenwriting the article, the authors proceeded from the fact that the issue of extending the application of international maritime law to MASS cannot be solved by simply transferring its regulatory impact to new subjects (objects) – artificial intelligence systems or autonomous ships themselves. Such a transfer is impossible, since human and artificial intelligence use completely different decisionmaking algorithms.DISCUSSIONANDCONCLUSIONS.Th mainconclusionofthearticleisthatthewidespreadintegrationofMASSintothepracticeofinternationalmaritimetransportationwillbea turning point not only for the very procedure for its performance, but also for the algorithm of legal regulation of this sphere of public relations. Since the emergence of autonomous ships will mainly result in a gradual decrease of the human component in managing them in favor of artificial intelligence and related automated systems, international law of the sea is unlikely to continue to operate in its current form. It will take a lot of work to adapt and changeitsnormsinaccordancewiththenewrealitiesofthe‘digitalera’ofhumandevelopment.

Receding Horizon Control-Based Motion Planning With Partially Infeasible LTL Constraints

This work considers online optimal motion planning of an autonomous agent subject to linear temporal logic (LTL) constraints. The environment is dynamic in the sense of containing mobile obstacles and time-varying areas of interest (i.e., time-varying reward and workspace properties) to be visited by the agent. Since user-specified tasks may not be fully realized (i.e., partially infeasible), this work considers hard and soft LTL constraints, where hard constraints enforce safety requirement (e.g. avoid obstacles) while soft constraints represent tasks that can be relaxed to not strictly follow user specifications. The motion planning of the agent is to generate policies, in decreasing order of priority, to 1) formally guarantee the satisfaction of safety constraints; 2) mostly satisfy soft constraints (i.e., minimize the violation cost if desired tasks are partially infeasible); and 3) optimize the objective of rewards collection (i.e., visiting dynamic areas of more interests). To achieve these objectives, a relaxed product automaton, which allows the agent to not strictly follow the desired LTL constraints, is constructed. A utility function is developed to quantify the differences between the revised and the desired motion plan, and the accumulated rewards are designed to bias the motion plan towards those areas of more interests. Receding horizon control is synthesized with an LTL formula to maximize the accumulated utilities over a finite horizon, while ensuring that safety constraints are fully satisfied and soft constraints are mostly satisfied. Simulation and experiment results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed motion strategy.

Cognition, recognition, and the “game of interchange of arguments”

This article examines the key provisions of philosophical concept of the American pragmatist, representative of Pittsburgh School Robert Brandom, described in the commentaries to Hegel’s “Phenomenology of Spirit” (published in separate volume in 2019). It is demonstrated that rational reconstruction of Hegel's philosophy's conducted by Brandom was intended to revive the legacy of the classic, taking into account peculiarities and trends of development of the modern analytical philosophy. The specificity of Hegelian approach towards the analysis of experience of human consciousness, Brandom traces in “hypostasization of the conceptual” and gradual separation from all kinds of idealistic antirealist doctrines that contrapose being-for-consciousness-in-itself to being of things and “disengage” the subject of cognition from objects of the world. Brandom claims that reality itself, things in themselves, is conceptually articulated, and thus cognizable. The author reveals the theoretical-methodological difference between Hegel's interpretation of normativity (“recognitive model”) and Kant's subjectivist approach: according to Kant, institutionalization of the normative status is exhausted by the gesture of accepting such as an autonomous subject; in Hegel’s opinion, the essential condition for founding the status is, as interpreted by Brandom, socio-communicative mediation (“assignment” of status to the subject by his interlocutors, as well as recognition of his assertions by interagents and audience). The article reviews Brandom's arguments against the reduction of Hegelian master – slave dialectic to the inner conflict of individual self-consciousness (position of J. McDowell). The conclusion is made that “re-description” of Hegel conducted by the American philosopher is of radically anachronistic nature, and sheds light on the views of author of the commentaries (primarily his semantic pragmatism and holism), but not on the content of work he provides commentaries to.