Automobile Sector Research Articles

Surface quality prediction by machine learning methods and process parameter optimization in ultra-precision machining of AISI D2 using CBN tool

High-quality machining is a crucial aspect of contemporary manufacturing technology due to the vast demand for precision machining for parts made from hardened tool steels and super alloys globally in the aerospace, automobile, and medical sectors. The necessity to upheave production efficiency and quality enhancement at minimum cost requires deep knowledge of this cutting process and development of machine learning-based modeling technique, adept in providing essential tools for design, planning, and incorporation in the machining processes. This research aims to develop a predictive surface roughness model and optimize its process parameters for ultra-precision hard-turning finishing operation. Ultra-precision hard-turning experiments were carried out on AISI D2 of HRC 62. The response surface method (RSM) was applied to understand the effect of process parameters on surface roughness and carry out optimization. Based on the data gained from experiments, machine learning models and algorithms were developed with support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian process relation (GPR), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and artificial neural network (ANN) for the prediction of surface roughness. The results show that all machine learning models gave excellent predictive accuracy with an average MAPE value of 7.38%. The validation tests were also statistically significant, with ANFIS and ANN having MAPE values of 9.98% and 3.43%, respectively. Additional validation tests for the models with new experimental data indicate average R, RMSE, and MAPE values of 0.78, 0.19, and 36.17%, respectively, which are satisfactory. The RSM analysis shows that the feed is the most significant factor for minimizing surface roughness Rɑ, among the process parameters, with 92% influence, and optimal cutting conditions were found to be cutting speed = 100 m/min, feed = 0.025 mm/rev, and depth of cut = 0.09 mm, respectively. This finding can be helpful in the decision-making on process parameters in the precision machining industry.

LIQUIDITY AND PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE SELECTED AUTOMOBILE COMPANIES OF INDIA

Liquidity and profitability ratios are very vital indicators of the company’s performance for the short- and long-term view. Continuing profit help for the future growth of the company and liquidity proves the smooth running of the business on a short-term basis. In this study selected Automobile companies of India are used for the analysis. The purpose of the study is to find out the liquidity and profitability performance of companies. And to check relationship between liquidity and profitability of selected companies. For the purpose of the study three companies are selected from the Automobile sector which are Maruti Suzuki India Ltd., Tata Motors and Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. The data is collected from annual report of selected companies. The study period is for 10 years. From 2013-14 to 2022-23. For the analysis two statistical techniques arithmetic mean and regression analysis are used. From the analysis it has been observed that in liquidity ratio, Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. Performed better than Maruti Suzuki India Ltd and Tata Motors Ltd. while in profitability ratio Maruti Suzuki India Ltd. Performed better than Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd and Tata Motors Ltd. The study concludes that there is no statistically significant relationship between the liquidity ratio and profitability ratio.

Enhancement of Coating Features by Supporting Zinc-Based Coating with Cataphoresis Process: Effect of Acidity and Coating Thickness on the Coating Quality

In this work, two hot-forged cast materials that are often used in the automobile sector were employed to produce cast elements with enhanced corrosion performance at low microns by combining two forms of cost-effective coatings (zinc + cataphoresis). In the context of the investigation, firstly 5-8 µm or 12-15 µm zinc-coating in an alkaline (Zn, Zn-Fe, Zn-Ni) or an acidic (Zn, Zn-Ni) environment, followed by 20-25 µm cataphoresis-coating were performed on GGG40 cast-parts. Ink, hogabom, shock, pull-off adhesion, water resistance, salt spray, stone impact, cyclic-corrosion, and scab-corrosion performance tests were implemented for characterization. In addition, the zinc-coating thickness and the phosphate-crystal appearance were evaluated in the x-ray diffraction laminography instrument and the scanning electron microscope. The tensile strengths were determined by the pull-off adhesion test between 171 and 433 psi. The coating thicknesses of zinc-coated parts in alkaline and acidic environments were assigned in the range of 5.88-7.18 µm and 12.10-12.96 µm. Due to the characterization results; it was deduced that the cataphoresis-coating after all zinc-based-coatings under alkaline medium did not afford the required quality and corrosion protection, while cast parts coated under acidic medium before cataphoresis-coating gave appropriate corrosion performance, thus the low-cost coatings could be performed with the eligible properties.

ASSESSING THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF GST ON CHOSEN SECTORS IN THE INDIAN ECONOMY

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) has been a transformative tax reform in India, ushering in a unified and integrated tax structure for goods and services across the nation. This paper delves into the profound and diverse impacts of GST on key sectors, including Automobile, Agriculture, Financial, Infrastructure, and Hospitality. Drawing upon a rich tapestry of literature and quantitative data analysis, the study unveils nuanced sector-specific dynamics. The agriculture sector, following GST implementation, experienced mixed growth rates but showcased remarkable increases in GDP contribution, suggesting significant growth potential. The automobile sector maintained consistent GDP contributions, while the financial sector exhibited steady growth, Although with fluctuations in growth rates. The infrastructure sector faced declining growth rates, reflecting complex interactions with GST and broader economic reforms. The hospitality sector displayed consistent growth rates and an expanding role in the economy. The studys findings underscore the importance of sector-specific responses to GST, highlighting the need for tailored adaptation strategies. Recommendations include enhanced GST awareness and training programs, specialized impact assessment tools, and simplified compliance platforms. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of how GST has shaped various sectors, ultimately contributing to Indias economic evolution. KEYWORDS: Goods and Services Tax (GST), Tax Reform, Indian Economy, Sector-Specific Impact, Agriculture Sector, Automobile Sector, Financial Sector, Infrastructure Sector, Hospitality Sector, GDP Contribution, Growth Rates, Capital Investment, Sectoral Resilience, Compliance, Economic Evolution.

Unpacking the Mediating Role of Brand Community Character on the Relationship Between Social Media Marketing Activities and Intention to Purchase Online

Whether it's the latest news or details on a specific product, social media is being used as the go-to source for information in today's digital age. Companies utilize social media marketing to spread the word about their products and spark online discussions. Brands with active online communities are more likely to see a rise in consumer interest and spending when consumers get familiar with such brands. Nowadays, people are more inclined towards doing business online than before. This study focuses on the impact of Pakistan's automobile sector marketing efforts on social media and intention to purchase online. The use of customer-based brand equity and perceived brand community character as mediators. Furthermore, due to increase in online sales E-commerce quality is utilized as a moderator to comprehend the impact on the association between the company's marketing efforts on the digital platforms and intention to purchase online. The Google form questionnaire yielded 398 replies by using a convenience sampling strategy. SPSS and Hayes Process Macro are utilized for data analysis. All hypothesis was accepted. The findings will aid automobile brand managers in understanding what to showcase in their online communities to achieve a positive brand outcome.

Peripheral coarse grain formation in AA2024 and AA6063 aluminium alloys- A comparative study

Multifaceted mechanical and physical characteristics such as light weighting, high strength to weight ratio, electrical conductivity, and ease of fabrication have helped aluminium alloys to find its application in aerospace and automobile sectors. The most famous aluminium alloy used in extrusion is AA 6063 because of its 100% extrudability. AA2024 is from the family of hard alloys which finds its applications in the strength requirements and major alloying additions comprise of Cu, Mg which contributes to age/precipitation hardening phenomena. Because of its inherent nature of high strength, it is challenging to extrude. Extrusion is one of the major metals forming processes which involve several process parameters such as, temperature, strain rate, ram speed and post forming heat treatment operations. To attain the specific mechanical properties, microstructure of the extrudate is of utmost importance and evolution of the same needs to be understood. Heat treatable aluminium alloys series of 2xxx, 6xxx or 7xxx are prone to peripheral coarse grain structure, which is responsible for the loss of mechanical and corrosion performance. To eliminate PCG entirely or to minimize it is the fundamental interest of extrusion industries and to come up with a workable solution, it is necessary to twig the microstructure evolution of AA6063 and AA2024 alloy during extrusion and after heat treatment. The present work is aimed at comparative study of the PCG formation of press quenched samples in AA6063 and heat-treated (T6) samples of AA2024.

Effects of welding parameters on mechanical properties and microstructure of TIG welded joints of AA4043

Welding technology has played a vital role in the manufacture of complicated structures in automobile, petrochemical, aerospace, power plant, and ship industries. Tungsten Inert Gas welding process is superior technique and produces high quality weld economically. Aluminum alloy 4043 is currently preferred material in automobile, kitchen utensils and aviation industry sector due to its lightweight properties. The effective TIG welding process for AA4043 material is not studied yet with regard to micro-hardness, impact strength properties in correlation with the microstructure. Hence, consequence of welding parameters, namely welding current, voltage, and weld speed on micro-hardness, impact strength is studied based on Taguchi method. As per the developed experimental matrix, the TIG welded samples of AA4043 plates are produced using the tungsten electrode and filler wire of AA4043 in pure argon as shielding gas. Micro-hardness, impact tests are performed on welded samples and microstructures of different zones of weld are evaluated. Weld zone has highest micro hardness compared to heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal due to presence of small grain structure. As current increases, large amount of solute enrichment in weld zone and HAZ, whereas severe grain structure change is predominantly observed in transition zone. The optimal parameters are obtained as welding current of 180 A, the voltage of 45 V and welding speed of 3.5 mm/sec for maximum micro-hardness of weld zone and impact strength of weld joint.

Experimental analysis and optimization of abrasive waterjet deep hole drilling process parameters for SS AISI 316L

Recent breakthroughs in component downsizing and miniaturization emphasise the requirement for deep-hole drilling with an increased aspect ratio, especially in the automobile sector for fuel injectors and the medical sector for manufacturing bone screws or surgical equipment. In this research, deep hole drilling on stainless steel AISI 316L has been conducted using an Abrasive Waterjet Machine (AWJM), and the influence of drilling variables on the material removal rate, roundness deviation of drilled holes have been evaluated to assess the machining and hole characteristics. In addition, machining parameters' statistical relevance has been investigated using a multi-parametric analysis of variance. Quadratic mathematical models for material removal rate and roundness deviation have been established by correlating drilling parameters. The Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm has been applied in this research to identify the optimal combination of deep hole drilling parameters for maximizing material removal rate and minimizing the roundness deviation. The results have been compared with Derivative-free optimization, Whale optimization, and Harmony search algorithms. The comparison revealed that the GWO algorithm performed better than other algorithms. In addition, a validation test has been carried out to confirm the accuracy of the results produced by the GWO. The images obtained from the scanning electron microscope showed that the surfaces of the deep holes are smooth. Additionally, the ploughing action was shown to be the principal mechanism responsible for removing the material.

Is shifting from Li-ion NMC to LFP in EVs beneficial for second-life storages in electricity markets?

While electric vehicles are promising to reduce carbon emissions on the road, from a holistic life-cycle view, further environmental considerations in the production and end-of-life management of their batteries are required. Recently, circular end-of-life thinking has been promoted with strategies to increase retired batteries' lifetime through second-life as lifetime extension is typically favoured in life cycle assessment. However, standardization of these strategies toward recycling or repurposing paths is recommended for different Li-ion chemistries. This categorization mainly concerns the cobalt-containing cathode Li-ion batteries i.e., NMC which is the dominant technology for transportation, and the alternative technology i.e., LFPs with a more recent attention toward them in automobile sector due the cobalt scarcity in the supply chain. This technology shift will impact their end-of-life management at the retirement. In this arrangement, the economic priority of repurposing such battery chemistries needs quantification. This study evaluated the financial return of repurposing retired Li-ion NMC and LFP batteries for energy arbitrage applications in power systems. The feasibility of repurposing is examined in the Irish and Queensland's markets. Results show that retired Li-ion LFPs respond to price fluctuations more frequently with a higher financial return compared to NMCs; thus, they have higher potential for repurposing as such their greater integration in new vehicles is promising from a circular economy perspective. Different rates of return have been observed for various sizes of systems and battery durations. The financial benefits are more prominent for a one-hour battery in a medium system compared to half and two-hour durations and a smaller system. A sensitivity analysis shows that even spending the same capital cost as a new system for a repurposed system results in a marginal financial return in a competitive electricity market like Queensland's, whereas further incentives toward circular-enabling business models from local authorities will effectively make such investments feasible.

Strategic Innovation Management in U.S. Automobile Manufacturing: Electric Vehicles and Competitive Advantage

This study examined the role of strategic innovation management in the U.S. automobile manufacturing sector, focusing on the development and deployment of electric vehicles (EVs). Utilizing data from 2010 to 2020, the research sought to understand how innovation in electric vehicles contributed to competitive advantage among American manufacturers. Our analysis revealed that companies investing in EV technology experienced a 25% average increase in market share compared to those that did not. Moreover, investment in EV research and development correlated with a 30% rise in profitability over the same period. Companies like Tesla led the market, capturing 60% of the EV market share in the United States by 2020. Traditional manufacturers like General Motors and Ford were observed to gradually adapt to this trend, with GM committing to go fully electric by 2035. The study concluded that strategic innovation in electric vehicles was a critical factor for competitive advantage in the U.S. automobile manufacturing industry. Adoption of such strategies was found to be both environmentally sustainable and financially rewarding for companies willing to embrace this technological shift. Keywords: Strategic Innovation, U.S. Automobile Manufacturing, Electric Vehicles, Competitive Advantage, Market Share

Investigation on Mechanical and Machinability Properties of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with Titanium Oxide (TiO2) and Graphite (Gr) Particles

This research paper deals with the preparation process and testing of metal matrix composites comprising Aluminium alloy (Al 6061) as the base metal and Titanium oxide (TiO2) and Graphite (Gr) as reinforcements. Due to their high specific strength, superior malleability, lightweight, stiffness and excellent resistance to corrosion, oxidation and wear, the aluminium metal matrix composites are preferred in the automobile and industrial sectors for component manufacturing. No work reported on machinability properties of Titanium oxide (TiO2) and Graphite (Gr) reinforced aluminium composites so far. This study prepared and studied samples composed of variable proportions of titanium oxide and graphite. The samples were prepared using the stir casting method. While stirring, the required additives were added to the molten aluminium mixture. To perform the tests, the samples were prepared according to standard dimensions after solidification. The mechanical properties of the prepared composite were examined using various test procedures, such as strength and hardness. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the microstructure of the test composite samples. The EDAX test confirmed the presence of graphite and Titanium oxide in the aluminium based composite specimens. Furthermore, machining was done to study the cutting forces on the tool. The test results showed a significant impact of the reinforced materials on the mechanical and machinability properties of aluminium metal matrix composites. Gr decreases hardness, while TiO2 increases it. TiO2 and Gr reinforcements increase the tensile strength of Al 6061 composites. The addition of TiO2 decreased the composite's elongation. The proof strength of 2 % Al6061 was high, however it decreased with 3 % Gr and increased with TiO2 reinforcement. Reinforcements increase cutting forces during machining; when comparing the machining of Al 6061 to that of 3 % Gr and 5 % TiO2, a 50 % increase in cutting forces is noticed. However, excessive reinforcements may reduce cutting forces due to poor matrix-reinforcement adhesion. HIGHLIGHTS The mechanical and machinability properties of aluminium metal metrics reinforced with Titanium oxide (TiO2) and graphite (Gr) have not been reported so far in the literature. In this study, aluminium based composites reinforced with variable proportions of titanium oxide and graphite were prepared and studied. The fabrication process was done by stir casting by adding the required additives into the molten mixture of aluminium, followed by continuous stirring. The solidified samples were cut according to the standard dimensions and various test procedures were conducted to examine the mechanical and machinability properties of the prepared composites. Gr reduces hardness, whereas TiO2 enhances it. TiO2 and Gr reinforcements boost Al 6061 composite tensile strength. TiO2 addition reduced elongation of the composite. 2 % proof strength of Al 6061 was strong, however it dropped with 3 % Gr and rose with TiO2 reinforcement. Reinforcements results higher cutting forces while machining, however excessive supplements lower cutting forces may be due to poor matrix-reinforcement bonding. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Porous Carbon Template Decorated with MOF-Driven Bimetallic Phosphide: A Suitable Heterostructure for the Production of Uninterrupted Green Hydrogen via Renewable Energy Storage Device.

Water splitting via an uninterrupted electrochemical process through hybrid energy storage devices generating continuous hydrogen is cost-effective and green approach to address the looming energy and environmental crisis toward constant supply of hydrogen fuel in fuel cell driven automobile sector. The high surface area metal-organic framework (MOF) driven bimetallic phosphides (ZnP2 @CoP) on top of CNT-carbon cloth matrix is utilized as positive and negative electrodes in energy storage devices and overall water splitting. The as-prepared positive electrode exhibits excellent specific capacitances/capacity of 1600 F g-1 /800 C g-1 @ 1A g-1 and the corresponding hybrid device reveals an energy density of 83.03Wh kg-1 at power density of 749.9W kg-1 . Simultaneously, the electrocatalytic performance of heterostructure shows overpotentials of 90 mV@HER and 204 mV@OER at current density of 10 and 20mA cm-2 , respectively in alkaline electrocatalyzer. Undoubtedly, it shows overall water splitting with low cell voltage of 1.53 V@10mA cm-2 having faradic and solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 98.81% and 9.94%, respectively. In addition, the real phase demonstration of the overall water-splitting is performed where the electrocatalyzer is connected with a series of hybrid supercapacitor devices powered up by the 6V standard silicon solar panel to produce uninterrupted green H2 .

A Descriptive Study of Workplace Risk Assessment in the Automobile Sector of Uttarakhand, India

Aims: The auto sector in India contributes 7.1% of the country's GDP and is predicted to earn USD 810.3 billion by 2026. However, India has a greater death rate and poorer job safety than the United States, where industrial accidents happen 20 times more frequently. Musculoskeletal disorders are a significant cause of disability and accidents at work. The goal of the study was to evaluate the existing working conditions in the automobile industry, where mechanics play a crucial role in precision.
 Study Design: The present study was carried out in Uttarakhand at Udham Singh Nagar district, block Rudrapur; Nainital district, block Haldwani; and Almora district, block Dwarahat. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select the study area and samples. The total 75 respondents and 14 garages were selected.
 Methodology: A checklist was developed to get information about the health status of garage workers, awareness of occupational hazards, use of personal protective equipment, risk assessment, and workplace analysis.
 Results: The study reveals that Udham Singh Nagar garages provide cent per cent PPE to their workers, while Nainital and Almora districts lack proper facilities. Nearly half of workers lack worksite cleaning facilities, slip-resistant floors, spray booths, dip tanks, and clean toilets. Additionally, a quarter of garages require adjustments to work height, foot platforms, item holders, work-rotation systems, hanging toolboxes, and hazardous chemical container labeling.
 Conclusion: 7.1% of India's GDP is contributed by the auto industry, which is projected to generate $810.3 billion by 2026. In contrast to the US, the nation has a greater fatality rate and a worse level of workplace safety, and industrial accidents happen there 20 times more frequently. According to a survey conducted in Uttarakhand, whereas Nainital and Almora districts lack adequate amenities, Udham Singh Nagar garages offer cent per cent PPE to employees. There aren't enough clean restrooms, or there aren't enough slip-resistant floors for the majority of employees.

Overall Success Factors Affecting the Performances of Hybrid Cloud ERP: A Case Study of Automobile Industries in Thailand

The hybrid cloud ERP system is widely used in automobile companies in Thailand. It is a popular and effective strategic tool that aids in boosting organization’s competitiveness. However, because of their complexity, high risk, high resource requirements, and high investment costs, ERP projects still have a significant failure rate. It is widely acknowledged by academics and practitioners alike to be an extremely challenging endeavour. This study proposes a conceptual paradigm for postmodern ERP implementation across the entire life cycle. Mixed methodologies for this model’s theoretical development included case study observation, literature review, semi-structured interviews with ten IT experts and ERP consultants, and online questionnaires. Based on information gathered from 455 system users from 114 automobile industries sector, it was analysed by using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). For data analysis, the partial least squares (PLS) method was employed. Out of the eighteen (18) hypotheses, fifteen (15) were supported by the PLS-SEM results. The conceptual model from the study that was presented can be put to use or helpful in the organization’s management, or project managers can utilize it as a framework and direction for hybrid cloud ERP implementation. The findings of the study can also be used to create a conceptual framework for the actual use of ERP systems for automobile industry, such as the incorporation of blockchain and postmodern ERP systems in many sectors of business. There is discussion of the findings’ implications for practical and research, and potential study areas are proposed.

Impact of biodiesel on engine performance and emission

The automobile sector mainly depends upon fossil fuels, and the combustion of these fuels contributes approximately 24% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Biodiesel has properties similar to diesel and is considered a vital alternative to diesel. The advantages of biodiesel are its higher cetane number, better lubrication property and the presence of approximately 10% oxygen molecule which results in a reduced amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and smoke emissions compared to diesel operations. However, biodiesel exhibits a lower calorific value and higher viscosity, and resulting in lower brake thermal efficiency and higher brake specific energy consumption compared to diesel. This paper gives an outline of the significance of biodiesel as an alternative to diesel fuel. The article provides an overview of selection of various feedstock for biodiesel production, and their characterization with focus on their vital properties. The impact of biodiesel on engine performance and emissions, including challenges and future prospects, is also covered in this work.

Development of a novel hybrid method to evaluate driving comfort in an all-terrain vehicle using transfer path analysis and transfer function analysis

Vehicle comfort has become a buzzword in the automobile sector and continuous research is going on in this domain. Every automobile manufacturer would like to take the lead in vehicle comfort so as to attract more customers. Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) testing is very important for improving the driving comfort of a vehicle. Driving comfort is directly related to the driving ability and health of the driver. Many international organisations have laid down guidelines for measuring driving comfort and categorise it in a range from comfortable to extremely uncomfortable. The present study adopts an experimental approach to determine the driving comfort in all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) by measuring frequency-weighted root-mean-square (RMS) accelerations at all the driver contact points in three mutually perpendicular directions as per the guidelines laid down in ISO 2631-1:1997 and ISO 5349-1:2001. The low-amplitude high-frequency engine vibrations are attenuated by performing transfer path analysis (TPA) of the vehicle roll cage before and after design modifications. The performance of the engine isolator mount is evaluated by carrying out transfer function analysis (TFA) of the active and passive engine mount vibrations. A novel hybrid approach comprising the TPA and TFA methods is used to attenuate the engine vibrations. The test result shows the effectiveness of the design modifications at the footrest, whereas there is moderate to low effectiveness at the steering and seat, respectively.

Application of Non-destructive Testing in Quality Control of Manufactured Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite Components for the Automotive Industry

The manufacturing of automotive components using aluminium metal matrix composites (Al-MMCs) is progressively gaining a relevant place in the automotive industry. Due to the increasing competition in the automobile sector, there is a great need to supply efficient, stable, and high-quality products. Generally, following automotive standards is voluntary, which means that businesses and other organizations are not legally obliged to apply them. Nevertheless, in certain cases standards may facilitate compliance with legal requirements, such as those contained in European directives and regulations. IATF 16949:2016 is the current version of the IATF 16949 Standard and outlines the requirements an organization must maintain in their quality system for IATF 16949 certification. This new application of manufacturing Al-MMCs requires additional procedures to guarantee the quality of the components manufactured. Because the manufacturing process may generate various defects, such as cracks, voids, lack of fusion, inclusions, porosities, and other metallurgical aspects, non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques should be used for guaranteeing the quality of the components manufactured. The development of reliable NDT methods for aluminium metal matrix composite parts is thus a major challenge. This aspect is related to how NDT procedures need to be optimised or developed to address the singular structures of the processes, such as complex geometry, anisotropic material properties, special internal structures, and the presence of nanoparticles. The main objective of this work is to summarize and present the relevant potential of different NDT techniques used in quality control of manufactured Al-MMC components in the automotive industry, to be explorer in the European FLAMINGo project (Fabrication of Lightweight Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites and Validation in Green Vehicles). This study is very significant because the NDT techniques present different probabilities of detection of the defects, principally of the microdefects.

Investigation of the mechanical, corrosion, and tribological characteristics of AZ61 Mg with boron carbide nano particles via the stir casting route

Abstract Magnesium composites are innovative, compact, and distinctive materials. Because of their low density, magnesium composites are suitable for applications in the automobile, aviation, semiconductor, and pharmaceutical sectors. To enhance the mechanical wear and corrosion behavior of theAZ61 Mg alloy, different weight percentages of nano-B4C reinforcements (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10wt%) were strengthened with magnesium matrix. Fabrication of magnesium composites was achieved through the stir casting method. The as-cast specimens were subjected to microstructural analysis, which showed that the B4C nanoparticles were dispersed uniformly, well bonded to the matrix, and had a minimal level of porosity. This shows that the inclusion of B4C nanoparticles has aninsignificanteffect on the microstructure of the as-cast material. The material’s tensile strength, compressive strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance were all greatly increased by the Mg17Al12 phase’s fracture and dispersion. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to inspect the surfaces of AZ61/B4C nanocomposites and witnessed the uniform dispersal of reinforcement within the matrix.The maximum value for mechanical properties was obtained for AZ61/7.5wt%B4C nanocomposite and the lowest value was found to be the corrosion test. These results show that the AZ61/7.5wt%B4C nanocomposite is a superior material for aerospace and automotive engineering components where high compressive strength, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance are required.

Influence of microphone tilt angle on instability identification in micromilling of thin-walled Ti6Al4V

High speed micromilling is the most preferred manufacturing process to fabricate complex 3D featured thin-walled structures like stents, turbine blades, micro-fins, cabin parts etc., that are extensively used in bio-medical, energy, automobile and aerospace sectors. Fabricating thin-walled structures with high dimensional and geometrical accuracy requires chatter free machining parameters. Different sensors like accelerometer, current sensors, laser based sensors, vibration pick-ups etc. are available for capturing the vibration while machining thin-walled structures. Each sensor has its own advantages and disadvantages, like laser based sensors adds noise to response as chips fly past in the laser path and accelerometer captures deflection of both micro-cutting tool and thin-walled workpiece. Hence, In-process chatter identification is a challenging task in thin-wall micromilling. Also, the Filtering of signals to remove the noise from signals captured via contact type and laser based sensors results in loss of low-amplitude chatter data in high-speed micromilling. Consequently, there is a need of sensor, which functions similar to contact type with less or no loss in low-amplitude chatter data. The proposed work compares vibration signal captured using accelerometer and microphone at different tilt angles for radial milling of thin-walled Ti6Al4V at different radial immersion to analyse the effect of tilt-angle on chatter identification. The recorded signals from both accelerometer and microphone are analysed in time domain by estimation and comparison of statistical parameters, in frequency domain by analysing the distributed frequency and in time–frequency domain by analysing the energy of the signals. Complete characterization of the signals in time, frequency and time–frequency domain/methods indicated that microphone at 60° tilt angle can be used as an alternative sensor for chatter onset identification without loss in chatter data irrespective of cutting condition. Machined surface analysis of thin-walled structures complements the microphone as an effective chatter identification sensor.

Analysis and investigation of efficacy of the nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of aluminium metal matrix composites: A review

This investigation presented a complete report of prior years’s literature research work in the field of nanoparticles reinforced aluminium matrix nanocomposites. Metal Matrix Composites has been played a dynamic role in the arenas of aero-space, defence sector and automobile industrial sector. In this survey work, focused on scientific research analysis and investigation of mechanical behavior and surface morphology of aluminium matrix composites reinforced by nanoparticles such as MgO, SiO2, Al2O3, SiC, TiC, BN, Si3N, TiB2 etc. This analysis has been done to understand the influence of nanoparticles on metal matrix composites and also on the fabrication techniques of MMC’s. Mostly authors showed interest on following grades of aluminium alloys are 356, 2024, 6061,7075 due to the excellent corrosion, wear resistance, thermal stability, annealable and its easy casting process. Nanoparticles have been used to improve the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness, wear rate, yield strength etc. of metal matrix composite materials. This literature review was provided the complete overview about MMC’s.