Impact of biodiesel on engine performance and emission

Abstract

The automobile sector mainly depends upon fossil fuels, and the combustion of these fuels contributes approximately 24% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Biodiesel has properties similar to diesel and is considered a vital alternative to diesel. The advantages of biodiesel are its higher cetane number, better lubrication property and the presence of approximately 10% oxygen molecule which results in a reduced amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and smoke emissions compared to diesel operations. However, biodiesel exhibits a lower calorific value and higher viscosity, and resulting in lower brake thermal efficiency and higher brake specific energy consumption compared to diesel. This paper gives an outline of the significance of biodiesel as an alternative to diesel fuel. The article provides an overview of selection of various feedstock for biodiesel production, and their characterization with focus on their vital properties. The impact of biodiesel on engine performance and emissions, including challenges and future prospects, is also covered in this work.