Automobile Sector Research Articles

Development of Al 7075 alloy with nano SiC Composites through ultrasonic assisted stir casting Techniques and Mechanical Testing of Properties

ABSTRACT Al-7075 alloy with nano-SiC composite has superior mechanical properties that can be used in automobile, aerospace and defence sector to manufacture various components and body structures. In the present study, Al-7075 alloy with nano-SiC composite with different wt% of nano-SiC particles has been fabricated by the ultrasonic-assisted stir casting method. Uniform mixing of the nanosized SiC particles in the Al-7075 alloy has been achieved from ultrasonification and as-cast and T6 heat-treated samples were prepared. The diverse mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact strength and hardness have been examined for the as-cast samples with different wt% of nano-SiC and T6 heat-treated samples.

Energy Consumption Modeling of 3D-Printed Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Parts

Three-dimensionally printed carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (3DP-CFRP) has become an important contributor to commercialized additive manufacturing. Due to carbon fiber infills, the 3DP-CFRP parts can enjoy highly intricate geometry, enhanced part robustness, heat resistance, and mechanical properties. With the rapid growth of 3DP-CFRP parts in the aerospace, automobile, and consumer product sectors, evaluating and reducing their environmental impacts has become an urgent yet unexplored issue. To develop a quantitative measure of the environmental performance of 3DP-CFRP parts, this paper investigates the energy consumption behavior of a dual-nozzle fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing process which includes melting and deposition of the CFRP filament. An energy consumption model for the melting stage is first defined using the heating model for non-crystalline polymers. Then, the energy consumption model for the deposition stage is established through the design of experiments approach and regression by investigating six influential parameters comprising the layer height, infill density, number of shells, travel speed of gantry, and speed of extruders 1 and 2. Finally, the energy consumption models are combined and experimentally tested with two different CFRP parts. The results show that the developed energy consumption model demonstrated over 94% accuracy in predicting the energy consumption behavior of 3DP-CFRP parts. The developed model could potentially be used to find a more sustainable CFRP design and process planning solution.

Analysis of copper nanomaterial as catalyst for reduction of NOx gases in diesel engine

In the automobile sector, the removal of pollutants (NOx) generated by diesel engines remains a fascinating scientific and technological issue. The emissions of the vehicle are in compliance with BS III standards. The Indian government came up with the Bharat Stage Emission Standards in order to place limitations on the amount of air pollution that can be released into the atmosphere by machinery that uses an internal combustion engine, such as automobiles. The central pollution control board, which is an agency under the ministry of environment and forests, is in charge of defining the requirements and the timetable for their implementation. The brake-specific fuel consumption decreased by 4.5% and 8%, while brake thermal efficiency rose by 5.5% and 14.6%. However, with CO additions of 1000 and 2000 ppm, respectively, nanoparticles increased the chemical processes and decreased the ignition delay time by 3.03% and 5.45%. The amounts of CO, HC, and NOx emissions decreased by 14.6%, 20.8%, 6.2%, and 13.4%, respectively. The catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide is an important reaction in both commercial and academic settings. For the past years, hoplite, which is composed of copper-manganese oxides, has served as a low-cost and widely available carbon monoxide abatement catalyst.

Manihot esculenta tuber microcrystalline cellulose and woven bamboo fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester composites: mechanical, hydrophobic and wear behavior

In this research Manihot esculenta (cassava) tuber stem microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and woven bamboo fiber (WBF) reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) composites are prepared and tested. The main aim of this study was to synthesis the microcrystalline cellulose from Manihot esculenta tuber stem and investigate the mechanical, wear and hydrophobic properties of UP resin composite made using MCC and WBF. The laminated composites were prepared by the hand layup method and characterized according to ASTM standards. According to the results, the composite containing 40 vol% of WBF increased the tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, interlaminar shear strength, Izod impact as well as hardness by 39%, 10%, 42%, 27%, 1%, 91%, and 1%, respectively as compare to pure polyester resin composites. In comparison to all composites, the composite with 4 vol% of MCC exhibits the lowest sp. wear rate of 0.011 mm3/Nm. The water absorption contact angle indicated that all composite designations had a wider contact angle of more than 70°, which indicates a stronger hydrophobicity of composites. The SEM fractography reveals improved bonding and toughness for 4 vol% of MCC and WBF reinforced UP composites. Such mechanically stronger, wear resistance, as well as high hydrophobic composites, could be used in aerospace, automobile, defence and industrial sector.

Analysis of Current Infrastructure & Future Perspective For E-Mobility in India

The study will highlight several infrastructural problems and some crucial variables that may push India’s transportation industry to buy an electric automobile. The study’s primary section will shed light on the environmental, economic, and other benefits of e-mobility transportation. Afterwards, the second part reflects the basic understanding of e-mobility and the everyday challenges and barriers to e-mobility. The next part of the study covers research aspects such as the research strategy and different methods and tools for data collection to complete the research work. The next chapter demonstrates the analysis of the data gathered from the different sources. Following this, the article indicates the approach strategy of the Indian government toward e-mobility and infrastructural comparison between India and some developed countries to figure out the main factors. In the end, the last chapter of this article recommends some strategies and solutions to counter challenges that can affect the Indian automobile sector and the determination of some significant elements to ensure an effortless change from conventional mobility to an electric method of transportation.

Environmental Preferences and Technological Choices: Is Market Competition Clean or Dirty?

We investigate the effects of consumers’ environmental concerns and market competition on firms’ decisions to innovate in “clean” technologies. Agents care about their consumption and environmental footprint; firms pursue greener products to soften price competition. Acting as complements, these forces determine R&D, pollution, and welfare. We test the theory using panel data on patents by 7,060 automobile sector firms in 25 countries, environmental willingness to pay, and competition. As predicted, exposure to prosocial attitudes fosters clean innovation, all the more so where competition is strong. Plausible increases in both together can spur it as much as a large fuel price increase. (JEL D22, L62, O31, O34, Q52, Q53, Q54)

Why did the Malaysian Automobile Sector not Achieve their Described Look East Targets in 1981?

In the past decades, there was a growing demand in commodity vehicles that has contributed to the increase in market share of the automotive sector in many countries, including Japan and Korea. However, despite a lot of countries cherishing the significant sales in the automotive sector and also, Malaysia was not able to succeed. One example is Proton, which has failed with an immense decrease in market share and sales over the last two decades. The previous research has provided a dominant explanation for this failure as the lack of economies of scale, dependence at the home marketplace, technology development, Limited R&D, testing capabilities, compliance with worldwide standards, lack of professional workers, and poor linkages. I use the data from Tai and C.Y.Ku, Malaysian Investment Development Authority, Anazawa, and Ministry of International Trade and Industry to understand the organizational structure and industry performance. Similar to the previous findings, our findings indicated that the Malaysian automotive industry suffers from a lack of dynamics between state and private enterprises, a lack of scale efficiencies, and a reliance on domestic markets. Additionally, it made clear reference to the problems raised by Chang, Andreoni, and Rodrik. In contrast to Japan, where the automotive industry made a large contribution to the Gross domestic product, Malaysia's automotive industry, which includes companies like Proton, was unable to flourish and win the national championship.

Solar-powered farm rickshaw for agricultural transport

The automobile sector is rising rapidly at a global level. In the current scenario, emphasis is given on electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce conventional energy demand and minimize greenhouse gasses. Most work has been done on solar-powered vehicles used for the transportation of people rather than agricultural transport such as labor, tools, and farm production. Therefore solar-powered farm rickshaw were tailored to Indian farm conditions. A three-wheel rear-driven 450-watt capacity solar-powered farm rickshaw was designed, developed, and evaluated in Indian climatic conditions. The developed rickshaw were comprised of three 150-watt polycrystalline solar modules. The produced electricity is stored in a 48-volt 30 Ah lithium-ion battery. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system was also incorporated to access the maximum power from solar panels. Statistical analysis was made with ANOVA tool and FCRD-test. The results were tested at the 5% significant level. The developed rickshaw has a cargo capacity of 300 kg and can be used to transport labor and farm produce. It reduces annual fossil fuel demand by approximately 350 liters and annual CO2 emissions by approximately 837 kg. The developed solar-powered farm rickshaw not only reduces fossil fuel demand but also reduces the emission of greenhouse gasses at large. The main goal behind the design and development of a solar-powered farm rickshaw is to do farm work at low-cost and pollution-free.

Firms’ Performance in Pakistan: The Impact of Government Policies, Capital Structure, and Board Diversity

The present study has three main objectives. First, to investigate the effect of capital structure on firms' performance. The second is to investigate the effect of board member diversity on firms' performance. Third, given government interest in the thriving business sector, the study aims to access the impact of government support policies on the performance of firms, particularly in the construction and automobile sectors. For this, we selected 40 firms from these sectors from the period 2010 to 2021. The generalized method of movement (GMM) is used to test the relationships. The results of the present study show that capital structure has a significant and positive effect on firms' performance. The diversity of board members, which is divided into two sub-categories i.e. demographic diversity and cognitive diversity has significant negative and positive effects on firms' performance. Lastly, there is a negative relationship between government support policies and firms’ performance. These findings provide unique insight to the government, policymakers, researchers, and managers in the context of Pakistan. The thriving business sector is key for the economic survival of a country and these finding can enable managers and policymakers to utilize capital structure and board composition for ensuring optimal performance and effective policy making.

The dark side of group heterogeneity on a brand-based online community

Online brand community (OBC) refers to a group of consumers who share similar enthusiasm for a particular brand and connected through online platforms. The members of OBC community engage jointly through online platforms to accomplish a collective objective or goal. Normally members of this community express similar sentiments, views, or commitments. Extant literature has nurtured issues such as the influence of OBCs on firms, the dysfunction that invites conflicts and rivalry, homogeneity that helps OBCs to develop shared responsibility, among others. However, there is limited study on the dark side of group heterogeneity on a brand-based online community. Using literature and theories, a theoretical model was developed, which was subsequently validated using the PLS-SEM technique to analyze responses from 348 respondents who were members of online brand communities, mainly of the FMCG and automobile sectors. This study finds that there is a significant negative moderating impact of group heterogeneity on OBC. This study has provided several theoretical and managerial implications to brand community literature and has contributed that brand-based online community commitment could impact brand trust and loyalty along with purchase intention, though such impacts are adversely affected by group heterogeneity culture.

Axisymmetric boundary layer slip flow with heat transfer over an exponentially stretching bullet-shaped object: A numerical assessment

The slip flow and thermal transfer inside the boundary layer are extremely significant for various problems in aerodynamics, wing stall, skin friction drag on an entity, high-level velocity aircraft, etc. The current research investigated the effect of the slip factor and shape factor on the axisymmetric bullet-shaped object by taking the viscous dissipation parameter and location parameter. The analysis is conducted for both fixed and moving bullet-shaped objects due to thinner and thicker surfaces. The governing equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using suitable local axisymmetric similarity transformations and solved by applying the spectral quasi-linearization method. A new correlation analysis is made for velocity and temperature gradients. It is observed that the boundary layer structure has no defined shape due to a thicker bullet-shaped object instead it forms a steep angle with the axis which is contradictory to the formation of the boundary layer. A negative correlation is observed for the parameters M, Ec, Q*, and s but a positive correlation is observed for the parameters such as Pr, P, λ, and ε. The surface thickness and stretching ratio significantly affect the fluid flow and heat transfer processes. It is also noticed that the thinner bullet-shaped object performs as a better cooling conductor compared to a thicker one. The skin friction is reduced in the case of a thinner bullet-shaped object compared to a thicker one. The present analysis reveals that the heat transfer rate and the friction factor may be helpful in industrial sectors for controlling the cooling rate and quality of the final product. This research brings forward to increase in the rate of heat transfer inside the boundary layer region. The result may help to design the various types of moving objects in the automobile engineering sector when the objects pass through the fluid.

Oil price and the automobile industry: Dynamic connectedness and portfolio implications with downside risk

The paper examines the interactions of downside risks between crude oil and the automobile sector through the employment of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) and Diebold and Yılmaz (2014) framework in a static and time-varying perspective. The network connectedness is found to intensify during the periods of the Global Financial Crisis (2007-09) and the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-21). Crude oil remains a net receiver of downside risks along with the automobile firms such as FAW and SAIC while Daimler, BMW, and Renault are the prominent transmitters of downside risk in the network. Further, we find that the net pairwise spillover of downside risk of oil on automobile stocks is time-variant. The risk diversification strategies using optimal portfolios that minimise VaR95, CVaR95, and maximise quadratic utility gains are constructed with oil futures contracts and evaluated for their hedging efficiency and net utility gains. The overall hedging efficiency and net utility gains are highest during the Global Financial crisis period, followed by COVID-19, the post-crisis, and the pre-crisis periods. The findings hold significance for investors, fund managers, and policymakers.

Supplier evaluation and selection in the constrained environment of advance purchasing

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to address supplier evaluation and selection in a constrained environment of advance purchasing. The study presents the potential solutions to supplier evaluation and selection issues in the Indian automobile sector where advance purchases are carried out to fulfill the supply chain demand.Design/methodology/approachBased on the literature review and expert elicitation, nine major factors which are responsible for the successful implementation of supplier selection in a constrained environment of advance purchasing are identified. This paper explores supplier selection in constrained environment issues based on an integrated method based on Shannon entropy, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) techniques and failure mode effects analysis (FMEA).FindingsAnalysis of the results of the study suggests that traditional suppliers are not suitable in advance purchasing scenarios; hence, criteria developed in this paper to accommodate the requirement of advance purchasing with possible risk considerations are of high importance. This research paper is an original attempt to develop supplier selection criteria for advance purchasing with special identification of deliverability, flexibility, innovation and productivity factors through a case demonstration.Research limitations/implicationsThis study uses data from secondary sources, literature reviews and expert opinions. It formalizes the important factors of successful supplier selection in the constrained environment of advance purchasing in the automotive industry context.Practical implicationsThe paper shows how the engagement of suppliers through advance purchasing helps automotive companies in developing a competitive advantage. The integrated approach of Shannon entropy, AHP techniques and FMEA is an effective and useful method that can be applied to the supplier selection process.Originality/valueThe proposed FMEA-AHP method integrated with Shannon entropy used for evaluation represents a useful tool to embrace the suitable functioning tactics for efficient supplier selection. The study is unique as supplier evaluation and selection in a constrained environment of advance purchasing is not investigated much and has good industry applicability.

Emerging Trends & Technologies in Automotive Sector in India (With Special Focus on Electric Vehicles)

In this research paper we will discuss the latest technologies that the automobile sector introduces in India but main focus will be on electric vehicles or e-vehicles. Now a days automotive sector lays special emphases electric vehicles which is very challenging role for this sector as well as for the economy also. No doubt with the introduction of electric vehicles, environment will be saved a lot. It is eco-friendly as well as the cost of batteries of these vehicles will be very less as compared to the cost of fuel importing from foreign countries. Not only this but the automotive sector has introduced other technical changes also like digital marketing and sales, Biometric Seat Technology, In-vehicle Infotainment and Telematics, Road Condition Analytics and Navigation, Smart Parking, etc.

Optimization of number of gates in plastic cladding tool with the help of mold flow analysis

The present automobile industry has seen a meteoric rise in the use of plastic. In the automobile sector, this trend toward more complicated parts as a replacement for heavier metal ones began relatively recently and has contributed to a general trend toward lighter vehicles. For the purpose of this research, Mold Flow Analysis (MFA) is employed to determine the optimal configuration of gates in a plastic cladding component. To lessen the warpage of the plastic cladding portion and maximize the fill rate, a CAD/Mold flow study is performed. The cladding plastic portion is analysed using a mould flow analysis, taking into account an 8 and 6 drop gating system. The 8-drop gatting system exhibits more warpage in the MFA compared to the 6-drop getting technique. The mound is made using a 6-drop gating method, and the part is produced using the same system. Using a dedicated part inspection apparatus, it is ensured that the produced component's quality is up to pace with the specifications specified in the drawing. Physical verification of the part's design is also performed to ensure it satisfies all design and validation standards.

Study on the mechanical behaviour of metal matrix composites (MMC)

Combining two or more different base metals to create Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) results in the creation of new metals. Compared to their underlying material, composites offer superior characteristics. In today's industrial sectors, composites are notably important in the automobile sector. In order to create a novel composite using the stir casting process at standard ambient temperature, this work describes the reinforcing of the aluminium alloy with silicon carbide and copper in various ratios. Materials having metals as the base and separate, usually ceramic phases added as reinforcements to improve the characteristics are known as metal matrix composites. Whiskers and particles are examples of possible reinforcements. By changing the type of ingredients and their volume percent, the properties of metal matrix composites can be adjusted. They provide a superior mix of qualities that no monolithic material currently in use can match, and as a result, the aerospace and automotive industries are using them more frequently. MMCs' main advantage over other materials is their increased strength and hardness per unit weight. In this study, the tensile strength, hardness, and flexural strength of the composite were assessed. Sample 2 was discovered to have a maximum tensile strength of 175 MPa and a hardness of 71. The outcome demonstrates that the hybrid composite has superior mechanical characteristics.

Properties & characterization of reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the properties of the composite materials which are widely used in industrial applications such as automobile, defense and aerospace sectors. Aluminium metal matrix composites are the preferred materials of many researchers due to its high strength, low density and resistance to corrosion. In this paper the effect of the addition of manganese, iron and graphite in pure aluminium is investigated and their mechanical properties such as porosity, density, wear, SEM & XRD are studied. By analyzing the experimentation results it is evident that hardness increases with the additional reinforcement at 3% composition and decreases further with the increase in percentage composition of the reinforcements at 4% and 5% compositions. The wear rate is high at 3% composition of the reinforcements and decreases with the increase in percentage composition of the graphite.

Effects of single-lap joint at different adhesive thicknesses on fatigue strength of metals with different surface coatings

Adhesive technology defined as a kind of chemical bonding alternative to thermal and mechanical joints, has attracted the attention of industry people and researchers in various fields, especially in the automobile sector for the last 30 years. Therefore, this research study has aimed to consider the issue in the automotive industry, the adhesion performance was investigated for the cases in which a metal part was joined to a vehicle body both after applying coatings and primer paint respectively. İn this respect, some of the test samples were prepared by being coated with cataphoresis, while some others were produced with primer painting along with the ones that do not have any coating or painting on them. Following this procedure, single lap type joints with different adhesive thicknesses were manufactured and subjected to fatigue tests. To make a comparison of their fatigue endurances, spot welded joints, as an alternative bonding method, were also subjected to the fatigue test. It was clearly observed that the spot welding joints have surpassed their adhesive counterparts in fatigue performance, and the samples coated with cataphoresis have outperformed among the adhesion type bonds.

EVALUATION OF CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS USING FUZZY TOPSIS MCDM METHOD

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) is Repair of reinforced concrete structures and both are used for reinforcement One of the composite materials. Polymer reinforced with carbon fibres an advanced non-metal made of resin compound, which is of high strength, Weight loss, itching and excessive fatigue It has many excellent performances like resistance. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is the best specific machine has properties, so these products High such as automobile and aerospace sectors widely used in technical industries. Dimensional or assembly related requirements CFRP composites to complement Machining is often necessary. The approach is based on the Fuzzy TOPSIS technique (Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) this analysis using the Alternative Value Conventional twist drill, Double point angle twist drill, Brad & spur drill, Dagger drill, Core drill and Cutting force, Cutting torque, Tool wear, Cutting temperature is Evaluation parameters value Core drill is got the first rank whereas is the Dagger drill is having the lowest rank.

Recent Trend in Joining of Metal to Polymer- A Review

The metal-polymer hybrid system is widely used in automobile and aviation sector due to its lightweight characteristics. Besides, it has many advantages such as noise reduction and damping. Inclusion of these system improve the fuel economy, which eventually results in dramatic reduction of carbon footprint. One of the important metal-polymer hybrid system is sandwich panels. These are used as structural members by the transportation industries. Joining of polymers to metals is always a challenge because of their large property difference. Traditional joining methods are not recommended practice in sandwich sheet joining. Till now, many attempts are made to join polymers to metals. This paper highlights various difficulties and defects in joining of polymer to metals. Moreover, effect of process variables is also discussed in detail. The main objective of this review is to find out an efficient process for joining of metal-polymer composite and to establish a systematic approach of improving the quality of joints in sandwich sheets. Key Words: Metal-polymer hybrids, Sandwich sheets, Joining, Welding.