Automated Process Control System Research Articles

REVIEW AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE AND WAYS TO IMPROVE REGULATED POWER SUPPLIES AND AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRIC CENTRIFUGAL PUMPING UNITS IN INTERMITTENT OPERATION OF OIL WELLS

Link for citation: Kladiev S.N. Review and critical analysis of the current state and ways to improve regulated power supplies and automatic control systems for electric centrifugal pumping units in intermittent operation of oil wells. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 9, рр. 203-215. In Rus. Relevance. At present efforts are being made to convert low- and medium-flow oil wells to cyclical or short-term operation in order to reduce the excess pumping capacity that resulted from the reduction of well flow that is caused by reduced reservoir pressure during long-lasting exploitation of the deposit. The need for such a conversion requires justification for the use of more complex configurations of regulated power supply sources and automatic control systems of centrifugal pump units electric drives in automated process control systems. The local low-level automatic control systems for a mechanized electric drive method for lifting an oil-containing liquid from the well to the surface, namely the installation of variable-speed AC electric drives consist of ground-based devices and special submersible equipment. The ground-based devices are control stations with AC voltage and frequency converters with built-in telemetry units, external sine filter, step-up transformer. The special submersible equipment includes asynchronous induction electric motor, power cable, submersible telemetry unit, process sensors, centrifugal pump. The power supply of such a unit is provided from the external electric three-phase network of 6 kV through a reducing transformer substation of 6/0,4 kV. In the continuous mode of operation of oil pumping plants the electric pumps and other equipment, operate in quasi-static modes. Unregulated electric drive, as well as the open-loop controlled electric drive does not allow for smooth acceleration to the nominal performance of pumping equipment for pumping oil out of well in difficult conditions and its smooth regulation when reducing the well flow because of reducing oil flow to the slaughter. Therefore, the main way of smoothly reducing the excess performance of the submersible centrifugal pump is the periodic activation mode, which includes pumping the oil mixture out of the well and stop – for its accumulation and recovery of formation pressure. The introduction of cyclical technology shows that it is impossible to use the open-loop system of regulated electric drive everywhere, where acceptable quality indicators of transition comparable with the quality of closed-loop control systems are objectively unattainable. Due to the fact that the amount of pressure at the well intake created by a centrifugal pump, necessary to lift the well fluid to the surface, depends on the square of the rotation speed of the pump working stages, the operating pump productivity range Qmin... Qmax (m3/day) is obtained by varying the motor stator winding voltage (80…100) % from the nominal voltage value by using AC voltage controller with a phase control mode. If the stator voltage value is less than 80 % of Unom then the well fluid is not lifted to the surface and does not flow out of wellhead equipment. Therefore, when a frequency converter with Unom/fnom=const is used, the supply voltage and frequency of the motor should be varied in the same range. The price for using cyclic operation is a decrease in the reliability of submersible pumps. It is necessary to use special designs of submersible electric motors, improve power supply systems and synthesize closed-loop control systems of automatic control of electric drive of submersible pump. The purpose of the study is the review and critical analysis of the current state and ways to improve regulated power supplies and automatic control systems for electric centrifugal pumping units in intermittent operation of oil wells. Object: systems of power supply and automatic control of centrifugal pump units in intermittent operation of oil well, telemetry systems, energy-efficient submersible motors and centrifugal pump designs. Methods: methods of the theory of the automatic control system for developing the concept of operation of low flow of wells, analysis and synthesis of open and closed loop control systems of electric submersible centrifugal pumping units. Results. The paper introduces the scientific problem of development, implementation, models and methods of identification of technological processes, complexes and integrated control systems of oil extraction by electric drive method, taking into account the influence of a long submerged cable, low flow of wells and difficult operating conditions. The author proposed scientifically based technical solutions in the form of a structure of a power channel of an electromechanical system with a frequency-regulated induction motor, long submersible cable and indirect method of measuring state variable from ground-based measurements at load changes and measurement channel characteristics.

Intelligent Algorithms for Event Processing and Decision Making on Information Protection Strategies against Cyberattacks

This paper considers the main approaches to building algorithms for the decision support systems of information protection strategies against cyberattacks in the networks of automated process control systems (the so-called recommender systems). The advantages and disadvantages of each of the considered algorithms are revealed, and their applicability to the processing of the information security events of the UNSW-NB 15 dataset is analyzed. The dataset used contains raw network packets collected using the IXIA PerfectStorm software in the CyberRange laboratory of the Australian Cyber Security Centre (Canberra) in order to create a hybrid of the simulation of the real actions and the synthetic behavior of the network traffic generated during attacks. The possibility of applying four semantic proximity algorithms to partition process the data into clusters based on attack type in a distribution control system (DCS) is analyzed. The percentage of homogeneous records belonging to a particular type of attack is used as the metric that determines the optimal method of cluster partitioning. This metric was chosen under the assumption that cyberattacks located “closer” to each other in the multidimensional space have similar defense strategies. A hypothesis is formulated about the possibility of transferring knowledge about attacks from the vector feature space into a semantic form using semantic proximity methods. The percentage of homogeneous entries was maximal when the cosine proximity measure was used, which confirmed the hypothesis about the possibility of applying the corresponding algorithm in the recommender system.

The Decision-Making Technique Based on Computer Vision and Selection of Pareto-Optimal Alternative of Technological Production Parameters

The article proposes a decision-making technique in the field of rolling production process control based on the analysis of rolling tape surface image and the construction of technological parameter Pareto-optimal set. The substantiation of the automated process control system modernization scheme based on the introduction of a decision support system with computer vision for the rolling mill operator is presented. As a result of the technique development, the wavelet model of the rolling tape surface image is modified; the model presented in the pixel packet form; the classification information field has been expanded to improve recognition accuracy of rolling tape surface defects; the algorithm for forming the defect region and refining spatial features was developed; the algorithm for the construction of technological production parameter Pareto-optimal set has been developed. The application of the proposed technique made it possible to increase the accuracy of the rolling process control.

A method for searching the best static program for nuclear power unit control in the event of perturbations of different nature

Considering the current state of Ukraine's energy sector in a dangerous and unstable environment, the operation of nuclear power plants is one of the most important sources of electricity supply for the state. The development of the theory of optimal control and the technical level of automated process control systems in the current state of affairs make it possible not to reduce the efficiency of controlling a nuclear power unit, not only by changing the parameters at any load, but also by changing the structure of automation equipment capable of implementing a certain static control program of power, which currently eliminates the influence of internal and external disturbances, without reducing safety indicators. The article considers the situation when the linear programming method is not applicable for solving the control problem. In this case, the decision at each stage does not depend on the decision at the previous one. This is where target programming comes in handy –this is one of the methods of multi-criteria optimization, in the theory of which decision-making problems are solved simultaneously according to several criteria. The purpose of the work is to ensure the safe and efficient operation of a nuclear power unit in an energy system that is not constant in operational states. Using a mathematical model of a nuclear power unit, experiments were carried out to simulate the switching of controlprograms. The simulation model of the automated power control system, based on the bumpless switching of static programs according to the technological methods of operating power equipment, made it possible to form a change in the current model of the control program, as well as eliminate the static control error and get the response of process dependent parameters to program switching. Also, based on the results of the research, an objective function was proposed, which includes three normalized criteria with different objectives. In particular, the problem of optimizing the switching of static power control programs was solved by minimizing the objective function, which combines such characteristics as the efficiency and safety of the operation of a nuclear power unit.

Опыт освоения магнитно-гравитационной сепарации на предприятиях России и стран СНГ для повышения качества железорудного сырья

The paper analyzes the tasks of producing high-quality iron ore concentrates suitable for nonblast-furnace metallurgy and the challenges of processing magnetite ores with the current technological level of dressing equipment and technologies. One of the best methods to improve the quality and the grade of iron ore raw materials is the use of magnetic gravity separation in the technological process, which allows selective separation of the liberated magnetite particles from their aggregates in processing of undersize products of fine vibrating screening. This trend is implemented in the innovative magnetite ore processing technology that uses the principle of the staged output of finished concentrate. The technology makes it possible to produce a high-quality concentrate after the first grinding stage. The magnetic gravity separation has undergone industrial validation, has proven its efficiency in practice, and has become widespread at mining and processing plants not only in Russia, but also in the CIS countries. Over 180 MGS-2.0 magnetic gravity separators produced by Russian manufacturers have already been or are being implemented at various Russian and CIS companies. Industrial separators are equipped with modern automation systems providing high technological separation performance, have no rotating parts and are simple in design. The authors continue R&D works on creation of automated control systems for the magnetic gravity separation process based on designing digital models adapted for introduction into the plant’s automated process control systems.

Signal device for motor grader

Problem. Automated machines play an important role in modern construction, improving productivity, quality and safety. A signal device for road construction machines plays an important role in ensuring the efficient performance of road works. It relieves the driver of the need to continuously monitor the devices and controls of the motor grader. In this work, a signal device was proposed for continuous monitoring of the devices and controls of the motor grader. Goal. As a result of the analysis, the purpose of the study was highlighted: to design a signal device for a motor grader. Job tasks: to design a signal device for continuous monitoring of the motor grader's devices and controls. Methodology. Аutomation of construction and road machines is carried out mainly in three areas, which provide control of the spatial position of the working bodies of machines, optimization of the most energy-intensive modes of machine operation and the creation of a laser-based integrated automated process control system in construction. It was decided to design a signal device with different tones and sound effects Results. The result of the study is the design of a signal device for continuous monitoring of devices and controls of a motor grader, which makes it easy to determine the state of the controlled controls of the motor grader, even when performing several functions simultaneously. Originality. The originality lies in the fact that the signal device has different tones and sound effects (trill, siren), which make it easy to determine the state of the motor grader's controlled controls. Practical value. The signal device performs three functions: signal the height position of the blade relative to the plane necessary for the transportation of the motor grader; signal the critical angle of the blade turn relative to the direction of the motor grader; signal the critical transverse inclination of the blade.

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSFORMATION BY THE OPTIC-ELECTRONIC MODULE OF THE AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM

Simulators of environmental state sensors are used to set up and control the efficiency of automatic process control systems. In some cases, it is convenient to use a voltage-resistance converter with an optoelectronic output module based on a controlled photoresistor as a simulator of potentiometric sensors.
 An optical-electronic voltage-to-resistance converter, which has a galvanic isolation of the output and has a linear characteristic in a given range of output resistance is developed. The developed converter allows to set the angular and free coefficients of the linear equation arbitrarily that describes the response function of the converter and correctly simulate the operation of a potentiometric state sensor of the controlled parameter. An operating model of the converter was developed and manufactured, experimentally determination of its response function for different values of the free coefficient, supply voltage and different options for the circuit design of the optoelectronic module was carried out.
 The principle of operation of the converter is based on a change in the resistance of photoresistors under the influence of optical radiation coming from a controlled source. The model of the converter consists of optical and electronic blocks. The optical block consists of an optical radiation source and two photoresistors simultaneously directed at it. The signal from one photoresistor is the output, and the signal from the second photoresistor is analyzed by the control circuit, which synchronously changes the illumination on the light-sensitive areas of the photoresistors through the brightness controller in accordance with the voltage level of the control and corrective signals.
 The experimentally determined response function of the converter in the initial section has a non-linearity in the zone of low input voltages, which is determined, foremost, by the limitation of the lamp brightness and depends on the scheme of its inclusion. The non-linearity zone in the researched converter can be significantly reduced by increasing the supply voltage. Within the given range of change of the output resistance of the rectilinear section of the response function, the output resistance of the converter is linearly related to the input voltage, according to the results of experimental measurements in natural laboratory conditions, the conversion error hasn’t exceeded 0.3%.

Improvement of monitoring and control system for copper electrolytic refining parameters

The utilization of modern automated control systems in copper cathode production offers the opportunity for remote access to control and regulate the electrolytic process parameters. This, in turn, enhances production efficiency while reducing energy costs. The significant parameters in copper electrolytic refining encompass the temperature and composition of the electrolyte, the circulation rate of the electrolyte, the level of sludge, and the frequency of short circuits occurring between the electrodes and the current density. These parameters directly impact the quantity and volume of cathode sludge. The occurrence of short circuits within the bath arises from the growth of dendrites, necessitating the monitoring of voltage, composition, and temperature of the electrolyte. Regular analysis of the electrolyte's composition and the accumulation of sludge volume at the bottom of the electrolyzer is also necessary. The intensification of the electrolysis process primarily involves increasing the current density, reducing the electrode spacing, enhancing the quality of electrodes, improving the electrolyte circulation system, and further mechanizing and automating the process and its auxiliary operations. These efforts contribute to increased productivity. The objective of this study is to expand the capabilities of automated process control systems by incorporating sludge level control sensors. This aims to mitigate irrecoverable losses resulting from dendritic sludge short circuits on the electrodes located in the lower section of the electrolyzer, utilizing new software. A sludge level control method to prevent short circuits has been investigated, and control software employing float-type level sensors has been developed. This measure is projected to decrease energy consumption by 15–20 % and can be effectively implemented in the production of electrolytic copper at the copper smelting plant in Lao Cai, Vietnam.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF MULTI-PARAMETER ENERGY FACILITIES

The complex quality assessment of complex multivariate research objects is analyzed. It is emphasized that the current methodology for assessing the quality of multi-parameter objects, despite the heterogeneity of these objects, is based on common principles and methods of qualimetry associated with a particular system or group of systems that are part of this object and carry information on the quantitative parameters of the technological process and properties of the object but does not allow to determine a single integrated criterion for assessing the quality of the object. It has been found that when assessing the quality of a power facility, the main information and measurement systems do not have a process for forming comprehensive and integrated quantitative and qualitative indicators for assessing the quality of the facility. It is proposed to improve the information-measuring system of the software and hardware complex of the automated process control system of a power plant power unit, which, based on the analysis of individual quantitative and qualitative indicators of the quality of control and information flows (signals) on technological parameters, allows to establish and present the relationships between the structural elements of the facility and the process of forming the quality of electricity as the main quantitative and integral indicator of the facility quality assessment. The article substantiates the use of methods for assessing the level of electricity quality, which can be used both separately and in various combinations and allow: to ensure the obtaining of the final economic result, which allows making an economically sound decision in the production of electricity, and to more accurately assess the level of electricity quality when measured by various devices or when calculated are based on formulas that reflect objective laws. The stages of the sequence of work on the organization and conduct of qualimetric assessment of electricity quality are determined, which allows: to determine the purpose of assessing the level of electricity quality; to select the nomenclature of single and basic indicators for assessing the quality of electricity, as well as the choice of a qualimetric method for assessing the level of electricity quality. The application of instrumental (measuring), computational, and static methods of qualimetry, which allow calculations based on the values of quantitative parameters of electricity and can be used in practice when calculating the economic costs of electricity production at a power facility, is considered and substantiated.

Energy-Efficient Solutions in Design, Construction and Operation of Thermal Power Plants and Heating Networks

The article deals with topical issues related to the introduction of energy-efficient measures in the energy sector of Russia. A comprehensive study and research of the current situation in the field of technological processes for generating electric and thermal energy of thermal power plants (hereinafter TPP), transportation and distribution of energy in thermal networks has been carried out. The analysis of the main equipment and the parameters of the working environment influence on the efficiency of the thermal power plant, taking into account the technological features and energy losses of the steam power cycle of heat and electric power generation, was carried out. The main existing problems and sources of energy losses in heat supply systems are considered. Recommendations are given for introduction and development of energy-efficient solutions and technologies in the design, construction and operation of thermal power plants and heating networks. Promising measures aimed at maximum effect of energy saving are proposed for consideration, including the design and construction of new or modernization of existing thermal power plant equipment, the introduction of combined-cycle power plants, the use of frequency drives of critical rotating mechanisms, the introduction of automatic or remote manual process control systems, the introduction of digital production, including digital counterparts of objects, digital heating points and electrical substations, installation of additional sensors and metering devices with the introduction of monitoring systems and predictive prognostics of equipment, the use of geo-information systems with visualization of three-dimensional schemes and the development of mathematical models of heating networks, carrying out a full-scale instrumental control of critical pipelines metal using robotic complexes. Practical examples of energy-efficient measures application at existing thermal power plants and heating networks are given.

Автоматизация технологического процесса балансировки кварцевых резонаторов твердотельных волновых гироскопов

The paper discusses the main issues that arise while developing and implementing automatic process control systems (APCS) in relation to the technological operations of balancing quartz hemispherical resonators of solid-state wave gyroscopes. For this, the article gives a general algorithm for performing the technological process of resonator balancing; block diagrams of the automatic process control system of balancing and the general algorithm for balancing the resonators. The latter discloses internal algorithms for determining the physical parameters of the gyroscope resonator, for making a decision on resonator balancing and controlling the etching process of the gyroscope quartz resonator. The necessary application software (SW) for the automatic process control system for balancing gyroscope resonators is considered separately. The paper states that to build the first version of the automatic process control system for balancing resonators, it is recommended, as an intermediate step, to modernise and work out the “advising” automatic process control system, which, in the development of the existing locally automatic process control system, should be supplemented by solving the following important tasks: increasing the accuracy of determining physical parameters, calculating the efficiency of the ongoing balancing operation and estimating the effective control of the ion-plasma source. In the considered automatic process control system for balancing the resonators of the solid state wave gyroscopes (SSWG), it is not supposed to completely exclude the system operator’s role and importance. He performs the primary check of the stand, the installation of the resonator in the stand, as well as the initial setup. Automation at the first stage will consist of closing the operations of determining the physical parameters, calculating the balancing efficiency and ion-plasma etching of the quartz resonator. The closure of these operations is carried out with the help of application software installed on the central control computer of the automated workplace of the balancing system operator.

Автоматизация стенда системы контроля уровня и температуры резервуарного парка

The aim of the work is to automate the stand that simulates the technological equipment of oil tank farms, including the hydraulic part and automation tools for controlling and monitoring, using the necessary hardware and software, to study the operation of protection and blocking algorithms, alarms and automatic control in accordance with industry regulations and requirements for microprocessor equipment control systems at hazardous production facilities. The objective is to create a modern level and temperature control system. The research uses the method of system analysis, the theory of automatic control, structural solutions of human-machine systems designed to automate production and intelligent support of control processes and the necessary data processing in organizational, technological and distributed control systems. As a result of the study a block diagram of the stand is developed based on the well-known three-level model of a typical automated process control system for monitoring the level and temperature of the tank farm. The novelty of the work lies in building a model of an automated control system for a tank farm with a distributed structure to study its operation. The findings of the research state that the proposed automated control system of the level and temperature monitoring system stand is a model of a real tank farm and implements all the basic functions associated with automating technological and control operations, which allows studying its work in the laboratory. It fully fits into the terms of designing modern automated process control systems, which makes it a good subject for studying as part of advanced training courses for students of educational institutions in the direction of “Automated control systems for oil pipeline transport”.

Application of Geo-Positioning and Monitoring Technologies for Blocking and Extinguishing Fires in Steppe and Grain Areas

Introduction. The relevance of this study is determined by the increasing need to ensure reliable protection of steppe and agricultural territories from possible fires with the help of innovative monitoring methods, the use of fire equipment, fire water supply systems and modern fire extinguishing means. Despite the introduction of new, modern and safe for the environment and people technical solutions aimed at preventing and extinguishing fires, there is still a need to improve the technologies used in the field of fire safety, which is a serious problem for the country. The work objective is to assess the technical feasibility of effective application of geo-positioning technologies and monitoring based on a set of special devices, model calculation of conditions for reliable fire blocking on steppe and agricultural territories, in particular, in fields with grain areas. Materials and Methods. The main research methods are the analysis of sources of normative-methodological and scientific-technical information, mathematical modeling, extrapolation to computational and graphic materials, physical experiment. Results. The data are presented for the development and implementation in the practical activities of fire departments of new technical solutions and technologies for monitoring and extinguishing steppe fires and fires in grain areas, the creation and development of material, technical, methodological and information base for the system of blocking geoecological fires. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the causes of fires in steppe and agricultural territories allowed us to outline the main methods of their monitoring. Based on the study of prototypes, changes in the technical and layout characteristics of the main elements, a rational solution (know-how) for extinguishing fires in steppe and grain areas is proposed — a tractor-soil-thrower-fire-break maker. At the same time, it is concluded that it is also possible to increase the efficiency of multifunctional tracked or wheeled robotic complexes due to elements of navigation systems (geo-positioning) and monitoring using automatic process control systems.

Measuring systems in technologies of automated humidity control

This paper examines intelligent humidity sensors (transducers) as a component of an automated process control system that converts a controlled physical quantity into a measured signal for further processing in an automatic device, as well as mathematical models of intelligent support for bulk material moisture meters. It is demonstrated that one method for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of quality meters for various bulk materials is the development of conceptual foundations and their practical implementation in the construction of express devices capable of measuring grain and grain materials. The interaction of intelligent support measuring tools in technologies for automated moisture control in technological processes and control is investigated. The microwave method is recommended for monitoring the moisture content of grain and grain materials, as well as their metrological characteristics.

Методика совместного сведения материального и энергетического балансов при расчете фактических показателей тепловой экономичности газотурбинных установок

Reconciliation of material and energy balances according to data received from systems of technical and commercial record keeping is a mandatory step to calculate thermal efficiency indicators of thermal power plant (TPP) equipment. At the same time, the methodology to draw the balance is not regulated by regulatory documents for gas turbine plants. Appropriate approaches to solve the issue under consideration have not been worked out. There is no data on the impact of the balancing on the results of calculating the actual values of the gross efficiency of gas turbine plants. Thus, it is relevant to develop a methodology of simultaneous equations of the material and energy balances of gas turbine plants. The problem of simultaneous equations of the material and energy balances of a gas turbine plant in a scalar value is formulated within the framework of the concept of solving ill-posed problems based on Tikhonov's regularization. The concept allows one to obtain an analytical solution. When conducting calculations, data from the automated process control system of the operated GTX-100 gas turbine plant have been used. The method of simultaneous equations of the material and energy balances when calculating the actual indicators of the thermal efficiency of gas turbine plants is proposed. The influence of the balancing procedure on the results of calculating the actual values of the thermal efficiency indicators of a gas turbine plant is shown. The authors have determined the maximum deviations of the actual gross efficiency values when adjusting the results of measuring the controlled parameters using the example of GTX-100 gas turbine plant. The developed technique makes it possible to consider the maximum allowable total discrepancy between mass and energy balances, as well as the maximum deviation of the parameter values adjusted according to the balancing results, due to the standardized metrological characteristics of measuring instruments.

Debugging Complex with Simulation of Conductive Interference for Testing Automated Control System Controllers

The paper presents a full-featured simulation debugging system designed to test programmable controllers for automated process control systems in the laboratory. This system imitates the operating conditions of the automated process control system, as close as possible to the real operating conditions at the automation object. The presented system can form various levels of interference of input signals, influencing the automatic process control system with high-intensity network and impulse noise. The system also allows one to vary the parameters of the communication line. The structure of the conducted interference generator and the variator of the communication line parameters have been developed. A description of all elements necessary for modeling the main types of interference is given. In this work, an analysis of the existing electromagnetic interference in the signal circuits of process control systems was carried out, and the most typical interference was identifed. A block diagram of a conducted interference generator and a variator of communication line parameters has been developed. Both functional blocks are part of the modeling and debugging complex. They allow one to simulate the interference environment for the controller under test by introducing the generated interference into the signal communication lines in a conductive way. The structure of the adapter-former of interference for analog signals is worked out in detail with a description of its main components. Recommendations for choosing the element base are given. The practical signifcance of the performed work lies in the fact that it may improve the efciency of the complex of control and laboratory tests of the systems being created. This allows one to achieve a reduction in complexity and in setup time during implementation at the automation facility

ДИНАМИЧЕСКАЯ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СХЕМЫ ЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ АСИНХРОННОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ НА ОСНОВЕ БАЛАНСА МГНОВЕННОЙ ПОЛНОЙ МОЩНОСТИ В УСТАНОВИВШЕМСЯ РЕЖИМЕ

The relevance Automated electric drive (AED) is one of the most important and most common control objects in automatic process control systems (ACS). The control of the output coordinate in the AED, for the implementation of feedback with an automated process control system, can be carried out both with the help of a speed sensor and without it, using the computing power of a frequency converter included in the AED. For the sensorless AED to work in an automated process control system, it is necessary to ensure adequate restoration of the vector of state variables of the induction motor (IM) in the frequency converter using a configurable mathematical model. To restore the vector of state variables, it is necessary to select coefficients in the system of differential equations that correspond with some error to the electrical parameters of the BP replacement circuit, i.e. to carry out the identification procedure. In fact, the procedure for determining the parameters of the PS is the process of finding the extremum of the objective function, built on the basis of data obtained during the operation of the PS. In electrical engineering, numerical methods for finding the extremum of the objective function have become widely used to identify parameters, but these methods have significant limitations and disadvantages. The problem of using numerical methods to find the extremum of an objective function with two or more arguments in AED microprocessor control systems is that it is necessary to calculate partial derivatives in discrete form for each argument of the function. Calculation of partial derivatives in ideal systems without noise and disturbances is a proven and easy-to-implement process, but noise and disturbances are present in real microprocessor systems. Because of this, when calculating partial derivatives for each argument, the probability of breakpoints of the first and second kind increases, the struggle with which presents a certain difficulty. One of the classes of methods that allow determining the extremum of an objective function without finding partial derivatives are metaheuristic algorithms, and in particular genetic algorithms. Aim of research Experimental study of the efficiency of a genetic algorithm in the problem of dynamic identification of parameters of an induction motor circuit with an open rotor winding without stopping and decommissioning an electrical complex. Research methods Metaheuristic algorithms, iterative procedures, genetic algorithm, discrete systems, optimization methods. Results The effectiveness of the genetic algorithm was experimentally tested and proved in the problem of dynamic identification of parameters of the induction motor replacement circuit with an open rotor winding without stopping and decommissioning the electrical complex.

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ ДОБЫВАЮЩЕЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ В КВАНТОВУЮ ЭПОХУ

The article considers the expediency of changing the methods of ensuring information security of automated process control systems (automated process control systems) of extractive industry enterprises. The analysis of foreign experience allowed us to say that the world's leading economies are preparing for the appearance of a cryptographically relevant quantum computer. Many countries have adopted mandatory and recommendatory documents on the transfer of critical information infrastructure to quantum-secure methods of information protection: quantum key distribution or post-quantum cryptography. Both of these methods have their advantages and disadvantages, which must be taken into account when implementing the automated process control system. The analysis shows that post-quantum cryptography, although it requires less economic costs to improve cryptographic information protection systems, but the cryptographic stability of these algorithms is conditionally secure. The study allows us to conclude that it is advisable to recommend quantum key distribution systems for use in the extractive industry...

Аналитический обзор систем мониторинга электромагнитного поля установок получения первичного алюминия

This article discusses technologies that provide subsystems of automated process control systems (APCS) for obtaining primary aluminum. The paper presents a step-by-step analysis of existing technical solutions based on the global and Russian experience in the operation of electrolyzers. The analysis included studying the physical processes of the electrolyzer operation accounting for the influence of such physical processes on chemical processes. Attention is paid to the existing sensors and monitoring systems of the electromagnetic field. The analysis of the effect of the electromagnetic field on the technological process is formed. The results have revealed patterns of the studied effects. Thus, a method for assessing the technical condition of the electrolyzer based on the results of electromagnetic field diagnostics is proposed. The presented scientific research is a report published under the program «Philosophy of Science».

Автоматичне управління шириною листа на станах гарячої прокатки

Controlling the sheet width using a computer on heavy plate mills (HPM) and roughing mill trains (RMT) of wide-strip hot rolling mills (WSHRM) must ensure the set width of the sheet (roll), rectangularity of the sheet (roll) in the plan characterized by the uniformity of the sheet width in the middle part along its length, as well as at the front and rear ends, and the minimal trimming of the front and rear defective ends of the sheet (so-called “tongues” and "swallow-tail"). Forming the desired sheet width is carried out either in jointly working vertical and hori-zontal mills in a reversible mode or in a continuous non-reversible group of mills (vertically-paired – horizontal). With the leading participation of the authors, there were carried out the development of the automated process control system (APCS) and studies aimed at regulating the width in the RMT of mill 560. Mathematical models describing natural and additional ex-pansion and the requirements for their accuracy are presented in famous scientific works. To assess the accuracy of the characteristics, experimental studies were conducted on a laboratory mill. The rolling conditions in the RMT of mill 560 were simulated during the research. The analysis of experimental data and data obtained through the calculation using various formulas provided in literary sources showed that all known models do not meet the accuracy require-ments set by the APCS for the RMT of mill 560. Therefore, new mathematical models of ex-pansion were developed. The paper presents the mathematical models for changing the width in the middle part along the length of the roll and the models for changing the width at the “head” and “tail” of the roll. A method for determining a roll gap is described, which implements the law of change of the gap of vertical rolls that eliminates deviations in the width of the roll from the initial (before rolling) value. The testing of the developed mathematical models under the conditions of the technological process in the RMT of mill 560 showed their ability to solve the problem of controlling the sheet width in real time.