AutoCAD Program Research Articles

Radiographic evaluation of root canal curvature in mesiobuccal canals of mandibular molars by different methods and its correlation with canal access angle in curved canals: An in vitro study

Aims:The aim of this study is to compare three different methods of measuring root canal curvature and its correlation with canal access angle (CAA) in curved mesiobuccal canals of permanent mandibular first molars.Materials and Methods:Sixty human mandibular first molars were used in this study. Standardized access cavities were prepared. After endodontic access, a size 10 K-file was placed in the mesiobuccal canal extending to the apical foramen, and radiographs were taken. Radiographs of each root canal were taken in buccolingual direction with the long axis of the root perpendicular to the central X-ray beam. After that, the radiographs were scanned with a computer Scanner. The angles were measured using the Schneider method, Weine's method, Lutein's method, and correlated with the CAA method. The angular and linear values used in this study were plotted, and the pertinent measurements were made using the program AutoCAD R12.Statistical Analysis:The resultant values were evaluated statistically using ANOVA test and Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses (P = 0.001).Results:Lutein's method is as effective as the Schneider's method, Wein's method and CAA. method in evaluating root canal curvature.Conclusions:Scheider/Wein/Luiten method, together with CAA method, may be considered as a reliable guideline for preoperative assessment of canal curvature.

The Effect of Chemical Disinfectants on the Setting Time and Dimensional Change of Alginate Impression Material.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mixing different concentrations of chlorhexidine, iodine ,and sodium hypochlorite solutions on the setting time and dimensional change of alginate impression material. Materials and methods: Total number of samples (40) has been prepared in this study. Ten samples for control group made from pouring alginate impressions of metal model .The other groups made by mixing alginate with 0.05% iodine, 0.5% chlorhexidine and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solutions. Dimensional change was measured with AutoCAD program .The Setting time was also measured for each group. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Duncan multiple range test. Results: no significant difference in the linear dimensional change among the tested groups ,sodium hypochlorite added to alginate as disinfectant showed the highest dimensional changes among the other groups. There was a significant difference among the tested groups in the setting time. It was found that treating the alginate with sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine disinfecting agents accelerated the setting time of the material. Conclusion: The testing disinfecting agents can be used safely regarding dimensional change.

The Analysis of Electromagnetic Field Impact of Mobile Communication Antennas: The Case Study of Lombardy, Italy

The analysis of electromagnetic field of mobile communications antennas is a very widespread method in the technology of telecommunications systems and it is closely connected with the laws in force of E.U regarding impact of these waves on human health. It makes possible the assessment of the field of electromagnetic waves created by cellular antennas. The study in question in this paper deals with a specific case of a project implemented in Bergamo, Italy. In this project, it was made possible, through the program AutoCad and EMLab simulator, the designing of buildings within a radius of 150 m from the tower where the antennas stay and the simulation the electromagnetic waves that penetrate in the building in question. This study treats the case, where current electromagnetic waves penetrate through areas where people stay for more than 4 hours, and where the size of the electromagnetic wave magnitude is bigger than 6V / in conflict with the current EU law on the issue of electromagnetic non-ionizing waves. Once the problem is evidenced, we have given the necessary recommendations to avoid as much as possible the penetration of electromagnetic according the directives mentioned above.

Use Google Sketch up As an Illustration in Industrial Drawing

When it comes to drawing 3D shapes, we do not get any easier than the Google Sketch Up program. The most important part of 3D drawing, especially in the field of architecture, is the ease of using the program, the ability to turn the idea into virtual reality, the Google sketch program Up, provides a user-friendly service that is not required for a powerful computer, and we all know that AutoCAD is one of the most powerful 3D drawing programs (if not the most powerful) but the difficulty of using it and the time it takes to learn has led most engineers to resort to the easiest program. indispensable but Google sketch programs gave up solutions faster and many choices in final directing. The study examined the problem of the use of the AutoCAD program and the suffering of the drawing teachers in understanding and using it. In contrast, it showed the advantages of the program, and compared it to the AutoCAD program, and presented a questionnaire by the researcher on a sample of the teachers of the engineering drawing in the degrading schools. program AutoCAD, and therefore, this program does not result in the expected purpose of it, so it became necessary to find an alternative at least to use it as a display of sculptures by engineering drawing teacher, and this alternative is a program Cockle Google sketch up.

PEDESTRIAN SPACE CAPACITY AND MOVEMENT PATTERN FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS IN URBAN AND RURAL AREA

Elementary students as children pedestrians on their journeys to school, demonstrate the way they use space and movement pattern. Their unique space used can be seen on the pedestrian pathway in which safety should be the priority. Study space capacity of children pedestrian pathway and their movement pattern is urgent since there is limited research in related to child pedestrians and there is an inadequate guideline for it in the urban and rural area. The aim of this research is to analyze children space capacity and movement pattern. Data is taken in the form of video recording and photos using camera and smartphone and is counted using drawing program AutoCAD 2016 for measurement. Research location is 14 elementary schools in the urban area of the city of Manado and 9 schools in the rural area of Minahasa, North Minahasa, and Sangihe Island. The sample is based on Krejcie Morgan formula where there is a need for a minimum of 383 children considering the number of the population of elementary students in North Sulawesi province, Indonesia. Data is analyzed using SPSS 24. Results are children pedestrian space capacity with consideration to the number of children in a walking group and straight and zig-zag movement pattern. There is a need to have a special child pedestrian standard for the urban and rural area. Future research could develop the variant of location and time in which children walk to their destination, such as shopping precinct and housing area.

Apical Transportation and Centering Ability : A Comparison of Two-Single File Systems after Instrumentation to the Major Foramen and after Overinstrumentation in Curved Root Canals

This study was conducted to compare apical transportation and centering ability to the major foramen after instrumentation and overinstrumentation with M-wire Reciproc ® 25 and WaveOne ® primary in severely curved canals of extracted teeth. Thirty mesiobuccal root canals of extracted mandibular and maxillary molars, with a major foramen width less than size 20 and angles of curvatures between 20o and 40o, were prepared with M-wire Reciproc ® 25 or WaveOne ® primary to the foramen and 1 mm beyond the foramen. Digital images of the apical foramen before and after instrumentation and overinstrumentation were taken with a digital camera (Olympus, E330, DC 7.4V) coupled with a microscope (Olympus, CX41, E330, Japan). Each image taken after the instrumentation of the foramen was superimposed on the preliminary image using a CS3 extended Adobe Photoshop program (San Jose, CA, USA). Apical transportation and centering ability were calculated using an AutoCAD program (Autodesk, Software, USA) in the direction of maximum curvature. Repeated measured analyses of variance followed by univariate analyses were conducted. No significant difference was observed after the use of M-wire Reciproc ® 25 or WaveOne ® primary to the working length (P > 0.05). The M-wire Reciproc ® 25 had a higher mean value for transportation and a lower mean value for centering ability (P 0.05). Le M-wire Reciproc ® 25 avait une valeur moyenne plus elevee que le WaveOne® primary pour le transport apical et une valeur moyenne plus faible pour le centrage canalaire (p <0.05), lorsqu’ils sont utilises 1 mm au-dela du foramen. L’utilisation au foramen du M-wire Reciproc ® 25 ou du WaveOne® primary ne presentait aucun danger. Apres surinstrumentation, M-wire Reciproc ® 25 a produit un transport plus eleve du foramen apical que WaveOne® primary.

Hemiartroplasti sonrası asetabular erozyonun değerlendirilmesi

P Purpose: The primary aim of this study is tomographyic evaluation of acetabular erosion after hemiarthroplasty and analyse the related risk factors. Materials and Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2013 A total of 89 patients, who were treated with hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture, 48 patients included to this study. Computerized tomography (CT) images were analyzed to evaluate the acetabular erosion. The CT images were scanned with Autocad program. Associations between the amount of erosion identified, sex and age of patients, body mass index (BMI), type of prosthesis, and Harris hip scores were analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in acetabular erosion with regard to the type of the prosthesis used Quantity of acetabular erosion was similar between different type of prosthesis; however, erosion was significantly high in patients with high BMI. Conclusion: This study showed that BMI is the only determining factor found to relate to acetabular erosion. CT is a useful imaging modality in evaluating acetabular erosion after hemiarthroplasty.

A lateral cephalometric and arch width Study between class II division 1 malocclusion and Class II division 2 malocclusion (A comparative study)

Background: the purpose of this retrospective study was to compare somecraniofacral cephalometric measurements and arch width dimensions betweensubjects with class II division 1 and class II division 2 malocclusion in Iraqipopulation.Materials and methods: 60 digital true lateral cephalometric radiographs 30 for classII division 1 and 30 for class II division 2 subjects (15 males, 15 females for eachgroup ) were selected from the files of the patients attending the orthodontic clinicin the college of dentistry, university of Baghdad with an over jet more than 6 mmand class II molar and canine relation. Also for each group a study model weretake to measure the arch width for both upper and lower arches. The inter molar,inter premolar and inter canine measurements were carried out on study models.The radio graphs were digitized by using the Auto CAD program in the personalcomputer all the data compared by independent t- test.Results and conclusions: For the dental arch width measurements the statisticallysignificant difference was found between the mandibular inter canine width andmaxillary inter molar width. The cephalometric results that class II division 1showed a retrognathic mandible, and this due to the difference in SNB anglebetween the two groups, the class II division 2 subjects had anterior position of themandible relative to the cranial base, more concave profile, great posterior faceheight, horizontal growth, the mandibular inclination is interiorly, more deep bite,and reduction in the mandibular inter canine width and maxillary inter molarwidth .

3D representation of geological observations in underground mine workings of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin

The purpose of the paper is to present the possibilities of the three-dimensional representation of geological strata in underground (access) workings in a hard coal deposit in the SW part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, using CAD software and its flagship program AutoCAD. The 3D visualization of the results of underground workings’ mapping is presented and illustrated on two opening out workings (descending galleries). The criteria for choosing these workings were based on their length and the complexity of geological settings observed while they were driven. The described method may be applied in spatial visualization of geological structures observed in other deposits, mines and existing workings (it is not applicable for designing mine workings), also beyond the area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB). The method presented describes the problem of the visualization of underground mine workings in a typical geological aspect, considering (aimed at) detailed visualization of geological settings revealed on the side walls of workings cutting the deposit.

GIS: A USEFUL TOOL FOR MANAGING OF TRANSBOUNDARY AQUIFERS: A CASE STUDY FROM PRESPA LAKE BASIN

Prespa Lake Basin is a transboundary basin that’s shared between Albania-Greece-FYROM. This region has a very complicated geology. The main aquifer systems are developed in carbonate rocks (karst aquifers) crossing international borders (transboundary aquifers). A map was constructed in GIS environment clearly display that each geologic age has one index, in one polygon, with the respective geological formation. The map was first digitalized with an AutoCAD program and then all the layers were exported in the program mentioned above. Not only does this map represent the hydrogeological features of the area but it also serves as a database of general characteristics, such as, the rock type, the infiltration coefficient, the yield of wells and springs, groundwater resource and permeability can be found on this base. Furthermore, chemical data can be added to the map, supplying more information on the surface and groundwater. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is a useful tool for water resources management in the frame of international cooperation and coordination.

الاستفادة من برمجيات الحاسب الالى ( الأوتوکاد ) فى بناء النموذج الأساسى للجاکيت الرجالى الکلاسيک للتطبيق فى العملية التعليمية

الملخص : تنمية مهارات الطلاب فى رسم الباترون الجاکيت الرجالى الکلاسيک بالحاسب الألى وإعطائهم القدر الکافى من المعلومات عن کيفية استخدام الأتوکاد فى رسم باترون الجاکيت الرجالى الکلاسيک وتکونت عينة البحث من 25 طالب من طلاب الفرقة الرابعة من کلية الأقتصاد المنزلى جامعة المنوفية وتم تدريب العينة على البرنامج ورسم الباترون على الأتوکاد وتم عمل الأختبارات المعرفية والمهارية ومعرفة اتجاهات الطلاب للبرنامج قبل وبعد التدريب لمعرفة مدى استفادة الطلاب من التدريب. وتناولت الدراسة خطة البحث – الأطار النظرى للمفاهيم الباترونات و الوسائل التعليمية وأهمية استخدام الحاسب الألى فى العملية التعليمية . وتناولت الدراسة أيضا البحوث والدراسات السابقة المتعلقة بمتغيرات الدراسة و الخطوات الأجرائية المتعلقة بإعداد وضبط أدوات الدراسة ورصد النتائج وتحليلها وتفسيرها . توصلت الدراسة انه يوجد تأثير معنوى للتدريب على برنامج الأتوکاد على اتجاه الطلاب نحو تقدير أهمية استخدام البرنامج فى دراسة مادة المعاطف و أنه يوجد تأثير معنوى للتدريب ببرنامج الأوتوکاد نحو الطلاب عند مزاوله استحدام البرنامج ، ويوجد تأثير معنوى للتدريب ببرنامج الأوتوکاد على الأتجاه نحو أهمية البرنامج فى مادة المعاطف. Utilization of computer software (AutoCAD) in building the basic model of the classic men's jacket for application in the educational process Abstract Developing the skills of students in the design of Albatron classic men's jacket in the computer and give them enough information on how to use the Atokad in the painting Patron classic men's jacket. The research sample consisted of 25 students from the fourth year of the Faculty of Home Economics University of Menoufia. The tests were carried out in the knowledge and skills and knowledge of the students' attitudes to the program before and after the training to see how the students benefited from the training. The study dealt with the research plan - the theoretical framework of the concepts of pteroons and teaching aids and the importance of using the computer in the educational process. The study also dealt with previous researches and studies related to the study variables and procedural steps related to the preparation and control of study tools and monitoring, analysis and interpretation of the results. The study found that there is a significant effect of the training on the program on the direction of students to evaluate the importance of using the program in the study of coats and that there is a significant impact of the training program Autocad towards the students when the practice of the program, and there is a significant impact of training program Autocad on the direction of the importance of the program in Article Coats.

Producing the insoles for flat feet of senior men using 3D systems based on 3D scanning, 3D modeling, and 3D printing

This study aimed to create 3D-printed insoles for flat-footed senior men using 3D systems. 3D systems are product-manufacturing systems that use 3-dimensional technologies like 3D scanning, 3D modeling, and 3D printing. This study used a 3D scanner (NexScan2), 3D CAD programs including Rapidform, AutoCAD, SolidWorks, Nauta+ compiling program, and a 3D printer. In order to create insoles for flat-footed senior men, we analyzed horizontal sections of 3D foot scans We selected 20 flatfooted and 20 normal-footed subjects. To make the 3D insole models, we sliced nine lines on the surface of the subjects` 3D foot scans, and plotted 144 points on the lines. We calculated the average of these 3D coordinates, then located this average within the 3D space of the AutoCAD program and created 3D sole models using the loft surface tools of the SolidWorks program. The sole models for flat feet differed from those of normal feet in the depth of the arch at the inner sideline and the big toe line. We placed the normal-footed sole model on a flat-footed sole model, and the combination of the two models resulted in the 3D insole for flat feet. We printed the 3D modeled insole using a 3D printer. The 3D printing material was an acrylic resin similar to rubber. This made the insole model flexible and wearable. This study utilized 3D systems to create 3D insoles for flat-footed seniors and this process can be applied to manufacture other items in the fashion industry as well.

APICAL TRANSPORTATION AND CENTERING RATIO IN S-CURVED CANALS USING NITI FULL ROTATION VERSUS RECIPROCATION SHAPING TECHNIQUES

Objectives: The aim of the present study is to compare apical transportation, centering ratio, changes in working length and canal axis ratio in the S-shaped canals using full rotation versus reciprocation shaping techniques. Methodology: Twenty-five S-curved artificial canals were used. Five canals were used for the pre-instrumentation radiographs and records. The other 20 canals were divided into two groups (10 canals each); G1: One-Shape (OS) and G2: Wave-One (WO) files. Canals were prepared, and obturated. Post-obturation radiographs were taken with the same parameters of the pre-instrumentation records. Pre- and post-instrumentation digital images were evaluated with AutoCAD program analysis. Results: Full rotation using OS files showed significantly far less apical transportation than WO reciprocation (P 0.05). WO produced higher percentage increase in working length than OS files. Both techniques could not maintain the original canal axis ratio. Conclusions: Within the parameters of this study, Single-file shaping technique with full rotation instruments produced significantly less transportation and less violation of the working length than did the reciprocating WO instruments. Both techniques violated the original canal axis ratio and had nearly equal centering ratio, however, none of them was perfectly centered.

Photographic Analysis of Macro- and Micro-Aesthetic Appearance in a Sample of Iraqi Adults with Class I Normal Occlusion

Background: Generally, the facial esthetics depends on the esthetic appearance of the maxillary anterior teeth. The purposes of this study were to analyse the macro-aesthetic appearance of the face and the micro-aesthetic appearance of the maxillary anterior teeth to establish the normative values for class I normal occlusion and to detect possible gender differences. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 120 Iraqi adults (60 males and 60 females) aged (18-23) years. Each individual was clinically examined, then with cephalostat based head position, extraoral and intraoral photographs were taken for each subject. The facial and dental measurements were measured using AutoCad program 2014. Descriptive statistics was obtained for the measured variables for both genders and independent samples t-test was performed to evaluate the genders difference. Results and conclusions: The results showed that there is a highly significant gender difference in most of the measured variables regarding the macro-aesthetic appearance, since the males have a larger facial dimensions than females, while for the micro-aesthetic appearance, there is a non-significant gender difference in most of the measured variables, that means the proportions of maxillary anterior teeth does not affected by gender difference

Evaluation of the two model biocorridors in South-West part of Slovakia in agricultural landscape

Evaluation of the two model biocorridors in South-West part of Slovakia in agricultural landscape

Disturbance of Ultisol soil based on interactions between furrow openers and coulters for the no-tillage system

The present study evaluated the effect of different associations between coulters and fertilizer furrow openers on soil disturbance, furrow depth and width, according to forward speed. The study was conducted on a farm in Santa Maria (Brazil/RS), in soil classified as sandy loam Ultisol. The experiment consisted of 24 combinations of treatments with three replications in a 2×3×4 factorial experiment. The combinations were formed by the interaction of the factors including: two types of furrow openers (hoe and double-disc), three types of coulters (no-coulter, smooth and offset fluted) and four levels of forward speed (1.11, 1.67, 2.22 and 2.78 m/s). Soil elevation and soil disturbance area profiles were obtained with the use of a micro profilometer, and disturbance values were calculated with the aid of computer software program Auto Cad. The disturbance area was not affected by speed; it was greater when using the hoe opener, and in association with the offset fluted coulter. Speed was inversely proportional to the depth of the furrows made by the hoe opener. Furthermore, the hoe caused the greatest furrow width (0.26 m) in comparison with the double-disc (0.24 m). The use of different coulters associated with furrow openers increased this variable (0.23 m for the no-coulter condition, 0.25 m with smooth and 0.26 m with offset fluted). The use of coulters combined with furrow openers reduces soil swelling, in approximately 8% for the smooth and 20% for the offset fluted.

The Effect of Polymerization Technique on Marginal Index of Composite Fillings in Dentin

Summary Polymerization contraction of composite resins has been one of the most extensively studied phenomena in dentistry in recent years. Initial polymerization by low intensity light followed by polymerization high intensity light improves marginal adaptation of composite in tooth cavities. A number of studies have verified that less marginal leakage and lower marginal index (MI) exist in relation to standard polymerization (continuous high intensity light). The aim of the study was to quantittively evaluate the bond of composite materials to dentin and determine the MI values in dentin after the application of two techniques of light polymerization in two composite systems. Twenty V class cavities were restored on extracted teeth for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of composite to dentin junction. Adhesion to dentin was achieved using Adper Single Bond 2-ASB/3MESPE, that is, Adper Easy One-AEO/3MESPE. Light polymerization of composite materials Filtek Ultimate-FU/3MESPE was performed using standard halogen light (HIP) or soft start program (SOF). Marginal index of dentin was determined by measuring the length and width of marginal gap at the junction of composite filling to dentin, using scanning mirographies and Autodesk AutoCAD program. Two-way ANOVA test was used for statistical processing of the obtained results. Differences in MI index between different light polymerization techniques (HIP- 8,18 and SOF-7,12) were not statistically significant (p&gt;0,05), while the differences between composite systems (ASB/FU- 3,67 i AEO/FU- 7,69) were statistically significant (p &lt;0.05). The polymerization technique showed no significant effect on the composite to dentin junction. Lower MI dentin was established in composite system with the application of adhesive etch and rinse procedure in both polymerization techniques.

Electrical Design for Medical Center

In this paper the electrical design for medical centres is discussed. I designed and made all programs that required calculating and making distribution for the Lighting, Ac System, Sockets, the main Transformer with the Power Factor Correction for the system and Emergency System used in the project. We made a MATLAB program by using Graphical User Interface (GUI) to get the exact value, and the AutoCAD program to distribute the lamps and the socket on each floor. Moreover, I designed the system in emergency case, which is called Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) that all system required in any cases to make the system keep working for specific time.

A Comparison of Cervical Spine Movement during Tracheal Intubation when Using a Pentax Airway Scope or the GlideScope Video Laryngoscopy with Fluoroscopy

Background: Cervical spine movement does occur during intubation and in patients with cervical spine injuries; the result can have devastating neurologic outcomes. Video laryngoscopes provide a better view of the glottis and less cervical spine movement. Objective: The purpose of this study is a comparison of cervical spine motion during tracheal intubation between the GlideScope video laryngoscopy and the Pentax Airway Scope. The primary outcome is the difference in cervical spine motion. The cervical spine motion was recorded using fluoroscopic video and the angular displacement of the spine was measured by a radiologist. The secondary outcome is the hemodynamic changes after intubation. Methods: Into Pentax Airway Scope and GlideScope video laryngoscopy groups, we randomly allocated two hundred and one patients who underwent elective non-cardiac surgery and require general anesthesia with tracheal intubation. All patients underwent general anesthesia with the same induction medications, muscle relaxant and narcotics. During airway maneuvers, a fluoroscopy was used to record cervical spine movements from the occiput down to C5 level. Vital signs were recorded after successful intubation. All images were measured by the radiologist consultant. Using the classic AutoCAD program and the angles between adjacent levels were calculated and shown as a number. Results: The Pentax Airway Scope and GlideScope induced the greatest cervical spine movement in the C1-C2 segments, during each stage of the laryngoscopies. Cervical spine motion was not statistically different using either video laryngoscope at the five segments studied. The hemodynamic changes after intubation showed after the first and second minutes and there were significantly less systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure changes in the Pentax group. Conclusion: Cervical spine movement during tracheal intubation is not significant difference between the Pentax Airway Scope and the GlideScope.

Reliability of frontal sinus with that of maxillary sinus in assessment of different types of skeletal malocclusions

Introduction: Paranasal sinus plays an important role in the formation of facial contours. Therefore, knowledge of the development and size of the maxillary sinus and frontal sinus may be crucial for diagnosing and treating various classes of malocclusion. Aim: To evaluate the reliability of frontal sinus with that of maxillary sinus in the assessment of different types of skeletal malocclusions. Settings and Design: Sample consisted of lateral cephalograms of 240 patients with three different skeletal malocclusions. Material and Methods: The sample for the study consists of 240 patients (120 males and 120 females) with age of the subjects ranging from 16 to 25 years divided into skeletal Class I, II, and III on the basis of ANB angle (each 40 patients). Linear and angular cephalometric measurements were assessed and correlate with maxillary and frontal sinus size, which is obtained through AutoCAD program. Statistical Analysis: Pearson's correlation coefficient used. Results: The results show a significant correlation of frontal sinus with skeletal malocclusion ( P Conclusions: (1) Frontal sinus is more reliable as compared to maxillary sinus in depicting skeletal malocclusion. (2) Frontal sinus area larger in skeletal Class III malocclusion as compared to skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusion. (3) There is no significant variation in maxillary sinus area in males and females whereas frontal sinus shows significant variations in both males and females in different skeletal malocclusions.