Authors Of Article Research Articles

Impact of the Supreme Court’s Case -Law on the Realisation of Procedural and Substantive Rights in Civil Procedure; Specific Aspects in Latvian Civil Procedure

The author's article is devoted to procedural justice in civil proceedings and factors affecting it. The author conducts research in her home country, i.e., the Republic of Latvia, on the practical consequences of the norms governing civil proceedings in connection with the application of case law, which the author associates with a factor affecting procedural justice. It should be explained here that the Republic of Latvia belongs to the continental European law group, therefore, the term case law means the highest court instances, i.e., Judgments of the Senate of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Latvia, which contain explanations about the correct application of the procedural and/or material norm or the interpretation of this norm. The influence of case law on the realization of substantive and procedural rights of individuals in the Republic of Latvia has three negative factors, against which there are still no protection mechanisms, i.e.: firstly, the case law is changing and the Senate of the Supreme Court can abandon its earlier explanations or interpretations regarding the application of the norm, but the new explanations can be diametrically opposed to the so-called " old". It may refer to substantive or procedural law.

INVESTMENT PROSPECTS IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF UKRAINE

INVESTMENT PROSPECTS IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF UKRAINE

Ensuring Public Reliability of Data from the Consolidated State Register of Real Estate: Issues of Theory and Practice

The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that a state registration of rights in the Consolidated State Register of Real Estate is considered as the undoubted evidence of the existence of a registered right and is interpreted by the courts as a disputable presumption.The purpose of the article is to study judicial practice in order to understand the significance of the public reliability of CSRRE data.The objectives of the article are to analyze the current legislation of the state registration of real estate, determine the features of real estate, as well as identify legal mechanisms for disproving the reliability of CSRRE data.Methodology. In the article authors use scientific methods, such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, description, formal-legal method.Results. The public reliability of a data of the CSRRE are established procedures for the implementation of state cadastral registration and (or) state registration of rights, as well as procedures for eliminating registry errors in the CSRRE. The question of the reliability of a data of the CSRRE concerns both the characteristics of real estate objects and the rights to them. For ensuring the reliability of a data of the CSRRE are also noted organizational and technical means.Conclusions. Based on the analysis of judicial practice, the author comes to conclusion that the courts demonstrate a clear understanding of the value of the public reliability of the CSRRE, which is legally provided by established procedures for the implementation of state cadastral registration and (or) state registration of rights, including the legal examination of the documents submitted for this purpose, as well as procedures for eliminating registry errors in the CSRRE, which can be implemented both by the decision of the state registrar of rights and on the initiative of interested persons in an administrative and (or) judicial procedure.

FROM THE FILES OF FELIKS HALPERN, A MUSIC CRITIC (1866-1942)

Feliks Halpern is considered one of the most important music critics who worked in d in the first decades of the 20th century. Apart from that he was an active pianist, piano teacher and composer of piano works, regular and cabaret songs. He was part of ds musical life as concert lecturer and member of numerous representative bodies. Titled Professor, he enjoyed respect in the towns music community.The article includes a few new facts and corrections related to the biography of Feliks Halpern. The main part of the discussion is devoted to his activity as a music critic. The text reports on the previous studies on his achievements which were conducted by Hanna Pitkowska-Baszczyk and Aneta Stawiszyska and which covered the publications in the ds press from the second and third decades of the 20th century. Then it analyses the articles printed in the 1930s. Based on archive music criticism texts, it singles out the views of Feliks Halpern on the topic of the role and function of music criticism, it follows their transformations and the way they were expressed. The author of the present article indicates a noticeable transformation of Halperns attitude as a reviewer: from a very firm stance during WWI, with polemical verve being a result of his belief that music criticism had a mission, to the impression-based reporting on musical life in the last years before WWII with a tinge of reflection or humour. Calling Feliks Halpern a chronicler of those times does not fully reflect the nature of his activity and achievements because he was not only a vigilant rapporteur, inquisitive commentator, and an active participant of concert life, but also thanks to his profession he had an opportunity to influence the musical community and the society, which he did many times. Even a preliminary look at his work of a music critic allows to conclude that it meets all functions attributed to that field: informing, commenting the reality and inspiring to ask questions and solve problems.

The Formation of the Core of the Hirsch Index of the Pedagogical Universities of Ukraine: The Gender Features

In the article, the authors disclosed the results of the study that was conducted with the aim of determining the gender characteristics of the groups of the authors of articles that were included in the core of the Hirsch index for each pedagogical university of Ukraine (according to the SciVerse Scopus database) as well as to analyze the influencing factors on the formation of the core of the Hirsch index of these universities in the context of the gender division. For this purpose, one-factor variance analysis and elementary methods of statistical analysis were used - a calculation of percentage ratios and determination of gender asymmetry indices. The gender analysis of the group of authors whose articles were included in the h-index core of each university showed that in the presence of the general gender parity in the gender groups of authors whose articles are indexed by the Scopus database, there is a gender asymmetry between the gender groups of authors of articles from the core in favor of the male authors. The same tendency occurs between the gender groups of authors, whose articles were included in the core of the h-index of the combined list of all the pedagogical universities of Ukraine: both for the ratio of the groups of authors of articles, and for the ratio of contributions of the groups to the core. As a result of a series of univariate variance analyzes of the influence of the external factors on the formation of the Hirsch index core, a significant gender difference was revealed when analyzing the following factors: presence/absence of publication funding (articles that have funding have a much higher citation rate), publication quartile (articles placed in publications of the first quartile, are cited much more often) and the age of the article (the older the article, the higher its citation index). At the same time, factors such as the number of authors of the article and the type of access to the article did not influence the formation of the core of the h-index of the pedagogical higher educational institutions. Moreover, only one factor (the availability of access to the article) can be characterized as a gender parity. On the contrary, there is an obvious gender difference in the distribution of the number of authors in the articles, the availability of funding for the publication, the “age” of the article, and in the distribution of articles by the publications of the first two quartiles.

Ten years of the Samara Journal of Science: results and prospects

The article is devoted to the 10th anniversary of the Samara Journal of Science, published by Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education. The paper briefly examines the situation with scientific publications published by the university in the first 100 years of its operation, analyzes the prerequisites for the appearance of the Samara Journal of Science, the history of its creation and development, the current state and future prospects. Special attention is paid to such important milestones in the history of the journal as its inclusion in the list of the higher attestation commission and entry into the first category of scientific journals in Russia. The contribution of domestic and foreign scientists to the development of the journal is noted. Statistical information is given about the editorial board of the journal, as well as about the publication activity of the authors of articles, about the geography of the authors (a list of states and cities is provided). The contribution of the journal to the functioning of the scientific sphere of the Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education and to the development of interregional and international cooperation of university employees with other scientists is evaluated. The conclusion is made about the high importance of the publication for the development of biological, historical and pedagogical science not only in the Samara Region, but also throughout the Russian Federation and the countries of the near and far abroad.

Necropolis of the Mehtulla Khans in the village of Nizhnii Dzhengutai (Delet- Qaburlar cemetery)

During the ?ield trip to the Piedmont and Mountainous Daghestan in 2022 the authors studied the “Delet- Qaburlar” cemetery in the village of Nizhnii Dzhengutai, which was the capital of a major local political entity the Mekhtulla Khanate which had existfrom the middle of the 17 th century to 1867. At the cemetery, previousl unsearched tombstones of the last representatives of the Mekhtulla Khanate dynasty were found. On these tombstones, the names of the buried, the date of their death and auspicious inscriptions were carved in Arabic. The main goal of the study was compare the buried representatives is genus known in historical sources. In otal, the article contains a description of the nineteen tombstones. In the ?irst part, the monuments of the ideti?ied persons with their brief biographical information are given. The second part contains descriptions of tombstones whose owners could not be identi?ied. Ithis article authors have considered some aspects of the biographies of Ahmad-khan Mekhtulinskii (1808–1843), his wife Nuh-bike (d. 187), their sons: the elder Ibrahim-khan (1836–1869) and the younger Rashid-khan (d. 1876), as well as their relatives: Shikhshabek (d. 1865), Mirza-bek, son of Abusulan nutsal-khan (d. 1855) and other representatives of the local aristocracy buried in this cemetery.

Publication performance and trends in bruxism research: A bibliometric analysis.

Bruxism is an umbrella term that encompass a multidimensional spectrum of masticatory muscle activities. The purpose of this study was to do a bibliometric analysis including citation performance in the research topic of bruxism, by using an innovative method including details of article title, author keyword, KeyWords Plus and abstracts. The data were retrieved 2022-12-19 from the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science Core Collection, and the online version of the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) for studies published 1992 to 2021. To evaluate research trends, the distribution of keywords in the article title and author-selected keywords were used. The search yielded 3233 documents in SCI-EXPANDED, of which 2598 were of the document-type 'articles' published in 676 journals. The analysis of the articles revealed that "bruxism/sleep bruxism," "electromyography," "temporomandibular disorders" and "masticatory muscles" are the most used keywords by the authors. Further, the most frequently cited study was published 9 years ago and handles the present definition of bruxism. The most productive authors and those with the highest performance have some common features; they have several national and international collaborations; and they have published articles about the definition, aetiology/pathophysiology and prevalence of bruxism, all senior researchers in the field of TMD. Hopefully, based on this study, researchers and clinicians will have information to be stimulated to outline future research projects on bruxism-related aspects, and to initiate new international or multinational collaborations.

ХРИСТИЯНСЬКА ЕНВАЙРОНМЕНТОЛОГІЯ ТА ЇЇ КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ОСНОВИ

The author of the scientific article offers an overview of contemporary discourse on the interrelation between religious tradition and approaches to environmental issues. Focusing on Christianity as a key religious system, the author analyzes the conceptual foundations reflected in ideas, beliefs, and practices related to attitudes towards nature and environmental responsibility. An analysis of biblical and theological sources that form the basis of Christian faith is carried out, attention is paid to such concepts as creation, piety, care, and cooperation with God in caring for nature as a result of creation. The role of man as a curator of nature entrusted by God is considered, and the necessity of preservation and respect for everything created by God is pointed out. The author also notes the concept of environmental sin, which arises from the realization of human violations of the harmony of the natural environment. An analysis of theological arguments affirming the importance of caring for nature as a part of the Christian calling to mercy and love for one's neighbor is conducted. The article discusses the role of the church and religious communities in promoting environmental values and preserving natural resources, highlights practical actions that the Church and Christian organizations take to support, implement conservation, and educational measures. Accordingly, in the article, the author reveals the key principles of Christian environmentalism and religious-ethical aspects of attitudes towards nature. The obtained results can stimulate a discussion on the impact of religious beliefs on environmental consciousness and emphasize the importance of revising mankind's relations with nature in the context of the spiritual dimension. The article is an important addition to scientific research on ecology and religiosity, opening up new possibilities for understanding and solving environmental problems in the context of a Christian worldview.

Comments on “Identification of micro‐failure processes of HDPE‐henequen fiber composite material by using acoustic emission monitoring: Effect of fiber surface modification”

AbstractIn this article authors emphasize, with solid scientific foundations, the relevance of essential work of fracture (EWF) to obtain fracture toughness in natural fiber reinforced composites presented on paper “Identification of micro‐failure processes of HDPE‐henequen fiber composite material by using acoustic emission monitoring: Effect of fiber surface modification” [Polymer Composites (2023)]. The significance of fiber/matrix interface adhesion relies strongly on chemical interactions, which is of great importance for composite's potential applications. Therefore, fiber surface modification implies a profound study where mechanical behavior must be characterized. Further vital information has been considered in this article to support the results on such studies.

How to safely communicate with a phishing attacker by email?

The published study is a part of the long-term research of emails with phishing attacks against the article's author. In the previous three years, 3 experiments were carried out to analyze phishing emails. The result is their detailed classification. The subsequent experiment was focused on defense against phishing attacks using the rules of the MS Outlook email client. The last experiment, which is the article's content, is devoted to analyzing communications with phishing attackers. A fake identity was created for the experiment and security rules were set up. A total of 100 phishing emails were answered, with a preference for those whose content was not aimed at fulfilling any request; that was clarified during the communications. The conducted literature search confirmed the assumption that no one is engaged in similar research, so the results of the research may be more interesting for the cybersecurity community. The articles of the literary research are focused on the issue of social engineering from an interdisciplinary perspective. A great deal of attention has also been oriented on the influence of social networks on people information perception or on their exploitation in cyber-attacks. The result of the study is a statistical analysis of communications and a detailed analysis of its content. Out of 100 replies to the phishing email, 32 (32%) were answered by the phisher. The longest communications had 6 cycles. If the phisher insisted aggressively on personal information, the communications was terminated. From the content of the communications, the attacker's procedures and his argumentation to obtain the required information were primarily examined. A detailed analysis of the texts from the communications aimed to answer the question of whether the phisher is a robot or a person. Further considerations are being made within the team on how to continue researching phishing attacks.

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS USING VAN DIJK'S MODEL IN THE REPORTING OF MOSQUE LOUDSPEAKER REGULATIONS AND MINISTER YAQUT'S STATEMENT COMPARING THE SOUND OF THE CALL TO PRAYER TO DOG BARKING IN TEMPO.COM ONLINE MEDIA

This study focuses on the coverage of Minister of Religious Affairs Yakut's statement regarding the call to prayer (azan) compared to the sound of barking dogs currently happening in Indonesia, as published in several online media outlets, particularly Tempo.com. While there are numerous other online media sources producing news related to this issue, the researcher attempts to analyze these two specific online media outlets. The aim of this study is to describe the critical discourse analysis of the "Regulation on the Use of Mosque Loudspeakers and Minister Yakut's Statement Analogizing the Azan with Dog Barking" found in the news article titled "Yaqut Reported Regarding Azan and Dog Barking, Here's What the Ministry of Religious Affairs Says" published on Tempo.com. The theoretical framework employed for the analysis is Teun A. Van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis. The research methodology used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Based on the conducted analysis, it was found that the news article attempts to convey a message to readers regarding the pros and cons of the Minister's Regulation on the use of loudspeakers in mosques and the statement analogizing the Azan with dog barking. This is influenced by the social cognition of the news article's author and the social context in which the news article is produced. This is evident in the discourse structure of the news article, which conveys a message of religious tolerance amidst a diverse society with varying beliefs. Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis, Ministerial Rules, social context

Typology of “Displased criticism” in scientific pedagogical dialogues as a methodological phenomenon

Introduction. Modern dialogue in the sciences of education plays an extremely important role as a tool for making scientifically based decisions, as a means of evaluating the productivity of innovations proposed by various authors. However, the practice of modern scientific discussions in pedagogy fixes a lot of problems. The organisation of dialogues, which are correct from the point of view of logic and content, and participants carefully listen to their partners and adequately perceive and analyse the proposed solutions to the author’s intentions, is a rather serious problem. Nevertheless, the analysis of the literature on the research topic, the analysis of “live” dialogues in the field of education shows that the authors and participants often violate the rules of logically and meaningfully correct discourse. The author’s criticism of predecessors presented in many dialogues suffers from many shortcomings, which can be briefly summarised as “displaced criticism” – this means shifting the focus of criticism from real errors and inconsistencies to minor flaws and carelessness. Therefore, the authors of the present research considered it necessary to carry out methodological “intervention” in the problem of correct dialogue in pedagogy. These circumstances, supported by the findings of European education researchers, determine the relevance of the chosen topic. Aim. The current research aims to: a) construct and substantiate the typology of fragments of “biased criticism”, their thesis display; b) display “displaced criticism” as a methodological negative and a stimulus for the research reflective activity of the pedagogical scientific community. Methodology and research methods. The research methods involved the analysis of records of scientific dialogues and scientific texts for the content and logical correctness of the justifications for pedagogical conclusions and their criticism; construction and substantiation of the typology of the components of the field under study; reflection of the result and identification of promising vectors for the development of the designated topic. Results. The results of the study are a typology of fragments of “displaced criticism”, including: a) uncritical isolation of fragments of the reviewed text (or oral dialogue) – regardless of how they were presented by the criticised author himself/herself; b) attribution to the author of incorrect conclusions that he/she did not put forward; c) criticism of illusory consequences from the statements of the author of the text or the participant in the dialogue; d) criticism that clearly demonstrates the substantive ignorance of the participant in the dialogue; e) criticism with inextricably linked elements, which are artificially isolated and there is a distorted form of connection between the elements; f) criticism that deliberately focuses the reader’s attention on minor errors in the text or fragment of the dialogue and misses significant errors. In addition to the justified typology, “displaced criticism” is presented in the format of a methodological negative (1), and the process of its identification as an incentive for scrupulous research activities in pedagogy (2). Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty consists in proposing and substantiating the typology of methodologically incorrect fragments of “displaced criticism” in pedagogical oral and textual dialogues, as well as in positioning the phenomenon under study as a methodological negative and an incentive for research reflective activity in scientific pedagogy. Practical significance. The practical significance of the results lies in finding such forms of displaying criticism towards the participants in the dialogues, towards the texts of predecessors, which must be avoided in every possible way, participating in scientific discussions, criticising the results obtained by the authors of articles and books.

Evaluation of Protective Effects of Polyphenols of the Marine Brown Alga Ecklonia cava against Potassium Bromate Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,3,544-550.DOI:10.5530/pres.15.3.057Published:June 2023Type:Original Article Authors:Moqbel Ali Moqbel Redhwan, Suman Samaddar, Hariprasad MG, Sumaia Abdulbari Ahmed Ali Hard, Gitima Deka, and Anyembe Godfrey Author(s) affiliations:Moqbel Ali Moqbel Redhwan1,*, Suman Samaddar2, Hariprasad MG3, Sumaia Abdulbari Ahmed Ali Hard4, Gitima Deka5, Anyembe Godfrey6 1Department of Pharmacology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA. 2BGS GIMS Research Institute, BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, INDIA. 3Department of Pharmacology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA. 4Department of Pharmaceutics, KLE College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA. 5Department of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangbuk-do, SOUTH KOREA. 6Department of Pharmacology, Karnataka College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA. Abstract:Background: Ecklonia cava is a kelp (brown algae) genus belonging to Lessoniaceae with plenty of Eckol-type phlorotannins. It exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activity. Objectives: This study investigated Ecklonia cava (EC) polyphenols for their protective effects against KBrO3-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: The polyphenolic fraction was isolated from EC. Group, I was control (untreated), and group II was administered KBrO3 (135 mg/kg b.w) intragastric for four weeks. Group III was administered ECPP (200 mg/kg b.w) concurrently with KBrO3 (135 mg/kg b.w) orally, and Group VI was administered Rutin (100 mg/ kg b.w) along with KBrO3 (135 mg/kg b.w) orally. The protective effects of ECPP on KBrO3-induced nephrotoxicity in rats were assessed for the biochemical parameters of serum, various antioxidant enzymes, and histopathological changes in kidneys. Results: The level of serum of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, and creatinine was suggestively augmented (p<0.001) when treated by KBrO3. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant parameter) were diminished (p<0.001). At the same time, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide were raised (p<0.001) with KBrO3 treatment in the kidneys. In addition, the protein carbonyl level was amplified (p<0.001) with KBrO3 administration. Histological studies presented renal damage in KBrO3-treated animals where tissue injury was abridged in ECPP pretreatment groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that ECPP functions as an antioxidant in vivo by scavenging reactive oxygen species, which helps preclude oxidative renal injury in rats treated with KBrO3. Keywords:Antioxidant, Ecklonia cava, Nephroproductive activity, Polyphenols, Potassium bromate.View:PDF (1.04 MB)

Pharmacognostic, Chemical Characterization Studies on Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,3,514-523.DOI:10.5530/pres.15.3.054Published:June 2023Type:Original Article Authors:Prasad Vijay Kadam, Damini Kallyanrao Giram, Sameer Khamroddin Shaikh, Kavita Nilesh Yadav, Abhijit Sampatrao Karanje, and Manohar Janardhan Patil Author(s) affiliations:Prasad Vijay Kadam*, Damini Kallyanrao Giram, Sameer Khamroddin Shaikh, Kavita Nilesh Yadav, Abhijit Sampatrao Karanje, Manohar Janardhan Patil Department of Pharmacognosy, Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Thergaon, Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA. Abstract:Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the Pharmacognostic, phytochemical and physicochemical standardization of Pleurotus ostreatus. Materials and Methods: The disease-free oyster mushroom fruiting body was collected during the rainy season from Himgiree Hi-Tech Agro (Mushroom Division) Kalyani Nagar Pune. Their identity and authentication were done. Macromorphology, cytomorphology, powder microscopy, micrometry, physicochemical evaluation, and phytochemical screening were done according to the WHO guidelines and standard methods. Results: Macromorphology of mushroom structure has a broad, oyster or fan-shaped cap, spanning 2-35 cm. yellowish grey colour, chocolaty odor, and significant taste. Cytomorphology of mushroom shows different cells such as aciculate, sphaerodunculate, lanceolate thick-walled, utriform, cornuate, Subcapitate, mucronate, cornuate, clavate 4-sterigmate basidium and in powder microscopy nodulose, isodiametric, snout like pore, spiny, bullet shaped, cuboid. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the mushroom shows the occurrence of active compounds such as flavonoid, tannin, glycoside, coumarin, phenols, steroid, terpenoids protein and amino acid. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study the Standardization of phytochemical, physico-chemical is a fundamental dimension for sample identification, quality, and purity of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Keywords:Cytomorphology, Oyster mushroom, Pharmacognostic study, Standardization.View:PDF (866.79 KB)

Morpho-anatomy and HPTLC Profiling of Senna Mill. Seeds Used in Traditional System of Indian Medicine

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,3,551-561.DOI:10.5530/pres.15.3.058Published:June 2023Type:Original Article Authors:Radha P, Divya KG, Udhayavani C, Murugammal S, Shakila R, and Sunil Kumar KN Author(s) affiliations:Radha P1,*, Divya KG2, Udhayavani C1, Murugammal S3, Shakila R3, Sunil Kumar KN3 1Department of Botany, Siddha Medicinal Plants Garden (Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India), Mettur Dam, Salem, Tamil Nadu, INDIA. 2Department of Pharmacognosy, Siddha Central Research Institute (Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India), Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA. 3Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute (Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India), Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA. Abstract:Background: The present study was carried out to compare macro-microscopy, powder microscopy and HPTLC analysis of six species such as Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb., Senna alata (L.) Roxb., Senna alexandrina Mill., Senna occidentalis (L.) Link., S. uniflora (Mill.) Irwin and Barneby, S. tora (L.) Roxb. of the genus Senna Mill. belongs to the family Caesalpiniaceae. Materials and Methods: Six selected Senna species were collected, shade dried and pharmacognostic study were performed used techniques such as microscopy and HPTLC analysis. Results: Seed macro-morphology of the selected six species shows significant variations in size, shape, colour, ornamentation and number of seeds per pod. The basic cellular structure of six Senna species was anatomically similar but variation was observed in number of layers. Microscopic characters of the selected species revealed key diagnostic features that can help to determine the relationship between the closely related species; macrosclerieds and osteosclerdies were observed in Senna auriculata and S. occidentalis. Powder microscopy of selected six Senna species varied in colour, texture and odour. Numerous rosette crystals in cotyledonary cells were found only in Senna tora which is a significant variation from other five Senna species. HPTLC finger print profiling was performed with ethanol extract at 254 nm, 366 nm and 575 nm derivatization using vannilin-sulphuric acid and the results were documented. In 254 nm 14 bands were separated but the major peak at Rf 0.31 (22.24%) appeared in S. alexandrina. Conclusion: A detailed morphological and pharmacognostical evaluations play an important role to avoid misidentification and delimitation of selected six Senna species and HPTLC profiling is an additional analytical tool for species identification. Keywords:anatomy., S. alata, S. alexandrina, S. auriculata, S. occidentalis, S. tora, S. uniflora, SennaView:PDF (1.85 MB)

Effect of Cholesterol and Different Solvents on Particle Size, Zeta Potential and Drug Release of Eucalyptus Oil Phytosome

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,3,578-590.DOI:10.5530/pres.15.3.061Published:June 2023Type:Original Article Authors:Sharad Visht, and Sana Sirwan Salih Author(s) affiliations:Sharad Visht*, Sana Sirwan Salih Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, KRG, IRAQ. Abstract:Background: Herbal extracts show poor absorption and bioavailability but their complex with phospholipids i.e., phytosome improves this major problem. Aim: The aim of research was to examine the effect of cholesterol and different organic solvents on particle size and zeta potential of eucalyptus oil phytosome. Materials and Methods: Totally six batches of phytosomes were prepared using three solvents chloroform, dichloromethane, acetone, with and without addition of cholesterol. Phytosome were evaluated for yield, FTIR, partial size and zeta potential, drug entrapment and drug release, drug release kinetics and stability studies. Results: The yield, density refractive index and maximum absorbance (λmax) of eucalyptus oil was found to be 1.65±0.74%, 0.9928 g/cm³ (24.2°C), 1.3613(24.6°C), and 297.733 nm respectively. There was no drug excipient interaction. The yield varied from 85.14±0.74 to 87.14±0.74%, particle size varied from 71.76±0.63 to 197.36±0.53 nm, zeta potential varied from 15.3±0.27 to-28.2±0.26 mV and entrapment efficiency varied from 57.45±0.35 to 67.34±0.52 respectively. The in vitro drug release varied from 87.26±0.63 to 71.35±0.63% up to 300 min (5 hr) and batch-A was selected as best formulation that showed Peppas Korsmeyer as the best fit model with R2 value 0.9422 and mechanism of drug release was Fickian Diffusion (Higuchi Matrix). The stability studies showed 99.14±0.25 to 99.55±0.52% drug content on 28th day. Conclusion: The particle size of phytosomes was increased on addition of cholesterol. The acetone showed the smallest particle size and chloroform showed the biggest particle size that indicated that molecule diameter and molecular weight affects the solubility and assembly of phospholipid/ cholesterol in solvent in order to prepare particulate drug delivery system Keywords:Eucalyptus, Evaluation, Particle size, Phytosomes, Zeta potential.View:PDF (1 MB)

Formulation and Evaluation of Phytosomes of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Adiantum capillus-veneris for Antimicrobial Activity

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,3,468-477.DOI:10.5530/pres.15.3.048Published:June 2023Type:Original Article Authors:Supriya Ganesh Jagtap, Vedant Vinay Kajale, Mukta Mahesh Abhyankar, Aditi Shrinivas Kulkarni, and Minal Rushikesh Ghante Author(s) affiliations:Supriya Ganesh Jagtap1,*, Vedant Vinay Kajale2, Mukta Mahesh Abhyankar1, Aditi Shrinivas Kulkarni1, Minal Rushikesh Ghante2 1Department of Pharmacognosy, STES’s, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Kondhwa (Bk), Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA. 2Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, STES’s, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Kondhwa (Bk), Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA. Abstract:Background: Natural plant extracts and phytoconstituents have high in vitro bioactivity but low in vivo bioactivity because of poor lipid solubility, multiple ring large molecules, or digestion in the gut. Polyphenolic phytoconstituents were complexed with phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine, which molecularly attaches components to one another to produce novel drug delivery systems like phytosomes. The important constituents of the herbal extract are designed to protect from being disrupted by gastric juices and gut bacteria, as phytosomes have the ability to cross the bio-membranes that which are lipid enriched and boost bioavailability. Objectives: The current work is aimed to formulate and evaluate phytosomes from Adiantum capillus-veneris (ACV) hydroalcoholic extract for antimicrobial activity. Materials and Methods: Antisolvent precipitation method was chosen on the basis of the solubility of hydroalcoholic extract in dichloromethane. The prepared trial batches of the phytosomes complex were characterized by using particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, drug content, and in vitro drug release study. The optimized batch of phytosomes was characterized for compatibility studies by using Infrared Spectrometry (IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TSM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and further for stability studies. Results: The results revealed that ACV hydroalcoholic extract and phosphatidylcholine were found to be connected by a non-covalent bond and did not generate a new molecule in the ACV hydroalcoholic extract-phosphatidylcholine complex and showed enhanced in vitro antimicrobial activity as compared to the hydroalcoholic extract. Conclusion: The complex's dissolution profile was found to be improved. As a result, the phospholipid complex of ACV extract can therefore be concluded to have the potential to enhance bioavailability. Keywords:Adiantum capillus-veneris (ACV), Antimicrobial activity., H-ACV extract phytosomes, Hydroalcoholic extract, PhytosomesView:PDF (549.56 KB)

Therapeutic Potential of Alstonia scholaris Latex in the Management of Inflammatory Diseases: An in vitro Approach

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,3,478-483.DOI:10.5530/pres.15.3.049Published:June 2023Type:Original Article Authors:Bapan Banik, and Malay Kumar Das Author(s) affiliations:Bapan Banik, Malay Kumar Das* Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, INDIA. Abstract:Background: The different parts of Alstonia scholaris (AS) viz. leaf, bark root, and latex are used traditionally to treat pain, swelling, stiffness, immune deficiency, malaria, ulcer, and arthritis. The traditional healers in Dhemaji district of Assam prescribe raw AS latex for topical treatment of inflammatory diseases. The unique feature of this study is that the AS latex has been evaluated scientifically for the first time for its anti-inflammatory properties. Objectives: The present investigation evaluates the anti-inflammatory potential of the AS latex in arthritis using in vitro assays. Materials and Methods: Anti-arthritic potential of AS latex was evaluated using in vitro assays of bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation, egg albumin denaturation, and human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization. Results: It was observed that the standard diclofenac sodium and the AS latex showed good anti-arthritic potential. In BSA denaturation method, the latex, and diclofenac sodium showed 71.59% and 85.23% inhibition of proteinase enzyme at 250 μg/mL, respectively. In the egg albumin denaturation method, the latex, and standard showed the maximum percentage of inhibition of protein denaturation of 70.42% and 81.32%, respectively, at 250 μg/mL. In the HRBC membrane stabilization model, the latex produced considerable anti-arthritic potential in a concentration–dependent manner. At 250 μg/ mL in hypotonic solution, latex, and diclofenac sodium showed 68.77% and 72.12% membrane stabilization, respectively. Conclusion: The present investigation proved the antiarthritic activity of AS latex. It may also be used in the management of other inflammatory diseases. Keywords:Alstonia scholaris, Anti-arthritic, Anti-inflammatory, in vitro., LatexView:PDF (226.19 KB)

Documentation of Mosquito Repellant Plants from Fringe Villages of Manas National Park, Assam, India

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,3,497-503.DOI:10.5530/pres.15.3.052Published:June 2023Type:Original Article Authors:Himangshu Baruah, Harmonjit Boro, and Ananta Swargiary Author(s) affiliations:Himangshu Baruah, Harmonjit Boro, Ananta Swargiary* Department of Zoology, Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Lab., Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam, INDIA. Abstract:Background: Mosquito-borne diseases are among the common problems in developing countries. For centuries, herbal formulations have been used by tribal communities as medicines. A survey was carried out to document the insecticidal plants from fringe villages of Manas National Park. Materials and Methods: The survey was carried out from April to July 2020. The survey was conducted in a face-to-face manner with a ready-made questionnaire. Results: A total of 25 fringe villages were surveyed, and 57 informants were interviewed. Most of the informants were male (87%) and aged (>50 years old). A total of 24 plant species belonging to 18 families were recorded in the present study. Among the plant families, Solanaceae and Lamiaceae were the most famous families. Brassica rapa was the most popular plant with five citations, followed by Cinnamomum tamala and Nicotiana tabacum. Leaves were the most commonly used plant parts, followed by stems. The survey also reported that smokes, produced by burning plant parts, are the most commonly practised mode of use, followed by the rubbing of raw juices of plant parts to repel mosquitoes by fringe villagers of Manas National Park. Conclusion: With a solid ethnobotanical knowledge system supported by scientific evidence, the present study may be used by researchers to explore further the insecticidal and mosquitocidal activities of the plants. Keywords:Fringe village, Larvicidal, Manas National Park, Medicinal plants, Mosquitocidal.View:PDF (314.94 KB)