Authoritative Bodies Research Articles

Specific Activities of Public Authority Bodies in Emergency and Crisis Situations

This article is devoted to consideration of the peculiarities of the activities of public authorities in emergency and crisis situations. It was determined that crisis and emergency management is a cyclical process. The various stages include assessment, planning, preparation, mitigation, response, transition to recovery and final assessment; and careful evaluation and consideration of lessons learned can increase sustainability in the future. It is noted that there is no zero risk in any activity. No matter how marginal it may be, there is always some degree of risk involved. Every activity we do in life involves risk, and the difference is that we accept those risks after a cost-benefit or rational choice analysis and assign them relative priorities. It is emphasized that as soon as a threat manifests itself or a critical incident exceeds the capabilities or resources of the organization, there is a need to respond. The guiding principles of this process are developed at the planning and preparation stage of the crisis and disaster management cycle. This includes public-private partnerships as well as working with alternative stakeholders such as non-governmental organizations, charities, voluntary groups and the public. Effective provision of such interaction is possible through the use of the so-called C7 Doctrine. The elements of an effective response to the crisis were identified: maintaining reputational integrity; smart planning and preparedness; strong leadership; effective and timely communications; strategic, well-organized interdepartmental cooperation; strategic allocation of resources; successful operational tactics; post-crisis assessment and learning to improve on any mistakes made along the way. It has also been established that during a critical incident or crisis event, there are two main requirements for their resolution: an organization that must respond adequately, and a leader who directs the efforts of this organization.

Constitutional and legal status of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine

The article clarifies the constitutional and legal status of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, its nature, its place in the system of state authorities and the specifics of granting separate powers and the problems that arise in the practice of their implementation. It was concluded that in the language of armed aggression against Ukraine and encroachment on its territorial integrity by the ruscist regime, the discussion of issues related to the national security and defense of Ukraine acquires special importance. The National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, which acts as a coordinating body for national security and defense under the President of Ukraine (Article 107 of the Constitution of Ukraine), becomes a very important body of public authority in wartime conditions. According to the Constitution, it coordinates and controls the activities of executive authorities in the field of national security and defense. We have two models (from the constitutional law of foreign states). The body could be purely advisory (Poland, Turkey, Kosovo, Estonia), or would be empowered to make a number of important defense and security decisions (Montenegro). In the Ukrainian case, use the word "coordination", which is unlikely to be purely of a recommendatory nature. However, in this case, the issue of granting some powers to the National Security Council, and not, for example, to the Cabinet of Ministers, should be well-founded and truly related purely to issues of defense and national security. The doctrine of the limitation of the President's powers by the Constitution itself is built into the constitutional design for a reason (Article 106 of the Constitution). Despite the rather broad and evaluative formulation of the President's powers regarding leadership in the field of national security, individual law enforcement by imposing sanctions, assigning the status of an oligarch, etc., can hardly be characterized exactly as "leadership". Their application is more related to the implementation of state policy in this area. That is why, perhaps, one should think about granting the relevant powers to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. After all, the very nature of the Cabinet consists in ensuring the implementation of state policy. In addition, Art. 116 of the Constitution (clause 10) directly allows the Cabinet of Ministers to be empowered by laws.

Diagnostic Serum Markers for Pre-eclampsia – An Overview

Pre-eclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, remains a major global health concern due to its potential for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management. Serum markers have emerged as valuable tools in this regard, offering insights into the pathophysiology and severity of pre-eclampsia. This comprehensive review explores the diagnostic utility of serum markers in pre-eclampsia. We examine the physiological basis and rationale for using specific markers, including serum uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 24-hour urine protein, and serum prolactin, among others. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and limitations associated with these markers, considering factors influencing marker levels and diagnostic interpretation. Serum markers, when integrated into clinical practice, enhance early diagnosis, risk stratification, and individualized care for pregnant individuals. They facilitate the identification of high-risk cases, prompt timely interventions, and reduce maternal and fetal complications associated with pre-eclampsia. Furthermore, clinical guidelines from authoritative bodies endorse the incorporation of serum markers in pre-eclampsia assessment. Serum markers represent a promising frontier in pre-eclampsia diagnosis, offering the potential to revolutionize prenatal care. While challenges exist, ongoing research, standardization efforts, and larger-scale studies will further refine the clinical utility of serum markers. Their integration aligns with established guidelines and holds the promise of improving maternal and fetal outcomes, making a significant impact on global maternal healthcare.

Employment of the Disabled as a Mechanism for the Development of the Agrosphere and Rural Territories

The article reveals the problems of vocational guidance and employment of people with disabilities living in rural areas. Potential opportunities for expanding the labor participation of disabled people in the agro-industrial sector and other sectors of the rural economy are considered. The role of education in stimulating the labor activity of disabled people is revealed. The issues of organizing retraining and advanced training of disabled people living in rural areas are considered. Arguments are given that the involvement of people with disabilities in labor activity is one of the mechanisms for the development of the agrosphere and rural areas. The authors conclude that in order to perform the career guidance function, organizations of additional vocational education need to interact with employment service bodies, executive bodies of state authority of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies, bodies of territorial public self-government, industry associations operating in rural areas. The measures mentioned in the article, according to the authors, will stimulate the economic activity of disabled people; promote vocational education for disabled people and their employment, create conditions for the development of new forms of staff training and retraining in the countryside, support traditional types of agricultural activities and businesses, accelerate the introduction of new activities and contribute to the stable integrated development of rural areas.

A Comprehensive Study of the Impact of Waste Fires on the Environment and Health

The escalating crisis of environmental degradation, with waste fires acting as a potent accelerant, has reached a critical juncture that demands immediate attention. This crisis disproportionately affects developing and low-income nations, where unregulated disposal and incineration in open areas have become rampant. These open waste fires serve as hotbeds for many environmental hazards ranging from air and water pollution to soil degradation. In addition, they contribute to the growing threat of marine litter and are a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating global climate change. Beyond their environmental toll, waste fires present an immediate and long-term threat to human health, causing respiratory problems and skin conditions and potentially leading to more serious health outcomes, such as cancer. Their impacts are multidimensional, affecting not only the environment but also pose severe health risks to communities, especially those near waste-burning sites. In this technologically advanced era, the application of artificial intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and deep learning technologies has the potential to revolutionize waste fire management. These technologies can significantly improve the accuracy of identifying, monitoring, and ultimately mitigating waste fires, making them indispensable tools in the fight against this complex issue. This article offers a comprehensive and in-depth examination of the historical evolution of waste fires, with the aim of shedding light on the critical factors that contribute to their occurrence. We explore the scientific mechanisms by which waste fires lead to environmental pollution and public health crises, providing a holistic understanding of their far-reaching impacts. We present an overview of significant research initiatives, policy interventions, and technological solutions that have been proposed or implemented by authoritative bodies around the world. By synthesizing existing research and offering new insights, this paper aims to facilitate a deeper understanding of the intricacies of waste fires and spur innovative solutions for their sustainable management and eventual eradication. Therefore, this article focuses on environmental and human health problems while outlining the comprehensive approach and potential contributions to solving this critical issue.

Organizational and legal forms and differences in the administrative and legal status of the territorial bodies of the federal executive authorities of the Russian Federation

The subject of the study is the norms of administrative legislation regulating the territorial features of public administration in Russia. The chosen topic receives a certain update against the background of the formation of the definition of "system of public authority", which is not fully covered at the doctrinal level. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of legal regulation of the activities of territorial bodies of federal executive bodies. In the context of the functioning of the power vertical, there is a need to unify their administrative and legal status, since the unity of the public authority system is the achieved result of the constitutional reform of 2020. Methodology and research methods. As the basis of the research methodology, the author chose the formal legal method, based on the established principles of dialectical cognition. With its help, the non-transparency of the organization of territorial bodies exercising the fullness of state administration in the subjects of the federation was revealed. The main scientific results of the study are built around the hypothesis of excessive institutionalization of the territorial and central divisions of the executive authorities with the priority of subordinate legal regulation. It has been proved that in this case, both the efficiency of public administration and the trust in public law institutions on the part of civil society may decrease. Conclusions. Based on the legal nature of the territorial bodies of the federal executive authorities, it can be concluded that they are in hierarchical subordination, but at the same time they are endowed with the full implementation of the powers attributed by law to their jurisdiction. In the absence of a single normative act that would detail the constitutional foundations for the exercise of public authority, most of them are established in the manner prescribed by the normative act issued by the entity that manages the activities of the relevant federal executive authority. This practice has hidden defects that reduce the effectiveness of public administration. The best way to create a transparent mechanism of public administration is to abandon the practice of legal regulation of the administrative and legal status of the territorial bodies of federal executive authorities by by-laws. By-laws may have a certain potential in terms of the distribution of powers within the structure of the territorial body of the federal executive authority, however, “status” norms should be present in the provisions of a separate federal law regulating the procedure for the establishment, transformation and liquidation of the territorial bodies of the federal executive authority.

Investigating Factors Affecting Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Adoption among Malaysian SMEs

This study investigates the factors affecting solar PV adoption among Malaysian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), focusing specifically on manufacturing. The study employed Technology-Organisational-Environmental (TOE) model as a research framework. The study hypothesised that owners’/managers’ technology readiness (innovativeness and optimism), relative advantage, organisational readiness, and government support play a significant role in the adoption of solar PV. Data were gathered from 69 manufacturing SMEs and analysed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings demonstrate a significant influence of owner’s/managers’ technology readiness (innovativeness and optimism) and relative advantage on a firm’s adoption of solar PV. Meanwhile, organisational readiness and government support were not significant predictors of the adoption. The study’s findings can be helpful to policymakers (e.g., the government) and solar authority bodies [e.g., Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA)] in Malaysia to design effective strategies, programs, and incentives to promote solar PV adoption in the manufacturing sector. The study further suggests that the efforts to promote greater adoption of solar PV among firms should be capitalised on its perceived benefits. In short, consistent with the government initiative to promote a more sustainable environment using renewable energy sources such as solar PV, this study offers an insightful perspective to understand the acceptance of this renewable energy solution among the industry players, specifically the SME sector.

An assessment of radiation safety practices for transgender and gender non-binary patients in Irish radiology departments

IntroductionStudies indicate there may be inadequate care given to transgender and non-binary (TGNB) patients in healthcare environments, with radiology departments not being equipped to cater for this group. There is currently a deficit in research concerning the use of radiation safety measures for TGNB patients. The purpose of this research was to examine opinions of Irish Radiation Safety Experts (RSE) on current status of radiation safety protocols and techniques in place for TGNB patients and consider any changes necessary. MethodologyTen semi-structured interviews were conducted with RSEs from eight Irish hospitals, including five radiation protection officers (RPO) and five medical physicists. Question included: current radiation safety protocols for TGNB patients, potential issues and challenges with current practice, and recommendations of new measures. Coding was used to facilitate content analysis for interpretation of findings. ResultsNo reference to TGNB patients in local policies or guidelines was evident. Interviews established key radiation safety risks including inadvertent exposure of the foetus and insensitive patient care. Prominent categories identified included additional education, gender identification at patient registration and consideration of current policies and guidelines. The extent to which RSEs promoted the implementation of further measures to radiology departments varied. ConclusionsA clear lack of guidance and instruction for radiation safety for TGNB patients is evident. Whilst there are few TGNB patients in Irish hospitals, participants believed that inclusive changes should be made concurrent with Ireland's evolving culture and in the interest of equality of patient safety. Implications for practiceInclusive changes should be made to radiology departments concurrent with Ireland's evolving culture. However, barriers to implementing such measures include a lack of available resources, investment, and instruction from authoritative bodies.

How are countries responding differently to COVID-19: a systematic review of guidelines on isolation measures.

Isolation strategies have been implemented in numerous countries worldwide during the ongoing community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, various countries and organizations have implemented their isolation measures at varying intensities, even during the same period. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the key information contained in currently available guidelines regarding the isolation of the general population, aiming to better identify the heterogeneity of the current isolation strategies. We conducted searches in four evidence-based medicine (EBM) databases and five guideline websites to identify guidelines, guidance, protocols, and policy documents published by authoritative advisory bodies or healthcare organizations, which provided information on the implementation of isolation for general populations with COVID-19. One author extracted data using a standardized data extraction checklist, and a second author double-checked all extractions for completeness and correctness. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion. The information extracted from the included articles was summarized both narratively and using tables. We included 15 articles that provided information on isolation measures recommended by nine different countries and organizations. The included articles consistently recommended isolating individuals with a positive COVID-19 test, regardless of the presence of symptoms. However, there were variations in the duration of isolation, and substantial differences also existed in the criteria for ending the isolation of COVID-19 patients. Different countries and organizations have substantial differences in their isolation policies. This reminds us that scientifically sound guidelines on isolation that balance the risk of prematurely ending isolation with the burden of prolonged isolation are a crucial topic of discussion when faced with a pandemic.

Ensuring the competitiveness of the coastal region based on the study of the impact of cluster analysis results on the development of tourism in the conditions of the regenerative ecosystem

The purpose of the study is to determine the indicators’ influence of regenerative ecosystem competitiveness cluster analysis on the development of tourism in the coastal region. The method of cluster analysis allowed analyzing the Ukrainian region competitiveness in their territories’ distinguishing with similar indicators in social and economic development. This method was applied in the assessment process of the Ukrainian coastal region's competitiveness, which has direct territorial access to the sea. This grouping covered indicators from various industries, selected basically on an understanding of the constituent elements of competitiveness such as tourism, production, infrastructure, demography and local finances. It was considered on the basis of a complex grouping of economic (business processes), social (human capital) and administrative-management (administration) indicators. This made it possible to reveal the similarity of the social and economic development of the coastal regions in dynamics, which have direct access to the sea and opportunities to conduct economic activities related to the maritime economy. The cluster analysis results formed an appropriate informational and analytical justification for the guideline selection for the regional strategic policy of the regenerative ecosystems’ competitive increasing as a basis for planning the actions of local authority bodies.

Mapping the sociodemographic distribution and self-reported justifications for non-compliance with COVID-19 guidelines in the United Kingdom.

Which population factors have predisposed people to disregard government safety guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic and what justifications do they give for this non-compliance? To address these questions, we analyse fixed-choice and free-text responses to survey questions about compliance and government handling of the pandemic, collected from tens of thousands of members of the UK public at three 6-monthly timepoints. We report that sceptical opinions about the government and mainstream-media narrative, especially as pertaining to justification for guidelines, significantly predict non-compliance. However, free text topic modelling shows that such opinions are diverse, spanning from scepticism about government competence and self-interest to full-blown conspiracy theories, and covary in prevalence with sociodemographic variables. These results indicate that attempts to counter non-compliance through argument should account for this diversity in peoples' underlying opinions, and inform conversations aimed at bridging the gap between the general public and bodies of authority accordingly.

ASSESSMENT OF AUTONOMOUS EMERGENCY BRAKING (AEB) PEDESTRIAN SYSTEM IMPACT ON 2016 – 2020 MALAYSIAN ANIMAL-CROSSINGS ACCIDENTS DATA

The trend of animal-vehicle collision (AVCs) occurrences over the past years demonstrates increasing numbers, and this call for a proper mitigation plan by appropriate authority bodies. Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) pedestrian system - proven effective in collision prevention and mitigation for vehicle-pedestrian collision – can potentially expand its original functionality to AVCs avoidance. This study presents a new data assessment method to predict the impact of AEB pedestrian system implementation on vehicles to reduce AVCs cases from 2016 to 2020. In general, a new scoring system is introduced whereby fitment rating points of 1, 0.5 and 0 are given to describe successful crash avoidance, crash mitigation with reduced damage and failed crash avoidance. Several noteworthy findings were discovered in assessing impact data from five significant AEB-AVCs. The effectiveness of AEB is found to be correlated with camera detection, system working speed range, frequent collision time, human casualties, and heavy vehicles. In general, the results indicate overall positive consequences of AEB implementation to reduce AVCs, providing concrete reasoning for standardising AEB pedestrian systems in all manufactured road-legal vehicles for upcoming years.

Pengembangan Model Tata Kelola Pariwisata Berkelanjutan Sebagai Upaya Penyebaran Kunjungan Wisatawan Di Kawasan Borobudur

Borobudur as a super priority destination is develop with various problems such as conservation problem in main area of Borobudur Temple . The development of the outer zone including the tourist village has started but not able to unravel the buildup of the main zone and has not received significant tourist visits. It is important to develop a model for disseminating tourists as an effort to protect and conserve the main zone. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with an exploratory study approach by conducting interviews with key stakeholders in the DSP Borobudur area. The research was carried out in the Borobudur area and data validation used the data source triangulation method. The findings in this study are that the management model recommended for the Borobudur area as an effort to spread tourist visits is the single management single destination model. This approach refers to the view that Borobudur is a unified destination managed by an authority body, namely the Borobudur Authority Agency ( BOB) by eliminating territorial and administrative boundaries. The BOB function needs to be sharpened as a coordinating body for all organizational components in the Borobudur area. Marketing efforts are carried out together with the preparation of regional event calendars and implementing modern business management in the management of tourist destinations and tourist villages to support business continuity

The Factor Influencing the Acceptance of Using Islamic Attributes in Foods Packaging Labels

As a promotion to market products, strategic marketing is the fundamental element. Product label packaging is an important marketing component that plays a vital role in marketing communication and provides a significant part of the intended message along with legally prescribed content. However, some of the labels used in packaging might lead to consumer confusion. The use of Islamic symbols in food packaging labels is one of the practices that may confuse others. Therefore, it has become popular in the Malaysian market and as a trademark to attract Muslim consumers. This study analysed the factors influencing the acceptance of Islamic attributes in food packaging labels. This quantitative research was based on the data collected through the questionnaires with the respondents from Muslim consumers in Kampung Parit No 3, Muar, Johor. The data was then analysed using descriptive analysis through SPSS Program Version 22. The research results revealed that the factors of belief in religion, which believe the products are halal, good, and safe to be consumed, are the main factors that influenced them in accepting the products that use Islamic attributes in their packaging labels. This research indicates that using Islamic attributes in food packaging has influenced them to accept the products. This could offer significant insight to the authority body, manufacturers, consumers, and researchers.

TRANSPARENCY OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY AND ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES AND ISSUES OF INFORMATION POLICY

TRANSPARENCY OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY AND ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES AND ISSUES OF INFORMATION POLICY

Funkcje polityczne parlamentu w Republice Austriackiej

The republican Austrian parliamentarianism has been in a state of permanent crisis since the day it was brought to existence by the Constitution of 1920. Generally speaking, this was due to the fact that the model of liberal parliamentarianism, set up by the constitution, has never corresponded to the requirements and aspirations of the political parties which in 1919 and 1945 stood behind all endeavours after reviving the Austrian state.In the last thirty years the period between 1945—664 witnessed the decline of the functions of the National Council (Nationalrat), whereas in 1966—76 the situation improved to the benefit of the latter. Nevertheless due mention should be made that the revival of the parliamentarianism, after a transfer had been made in Austria into one-party system, brought about the emergence of a new model of parliamentarianism, where authority rested with the government, the party and pressure groups. Consequently the parliament could not remain insensitive to this transformation. The latter resulted in present political functions and the form of constitutional functions, which were the outcome of the changing political situation in the country. Thus the division into three bodies of authority was retained (this, however, did not protect against the overgrowth of the latter), and the reform of the parliament was carried out. When its position in the political system was being established, there was oscilating between „modernizing” on the one hand and limitation of its constitutional powers on the other. The modernizing stood for a new role that the Council was endowed with — i.e. to articulate the interests of the party and pressure groups rather than the nation. With the assistance of the former two the Ausrian parliament became one of the most significant stabilizers of the existing system of political forces. It has transformed from a resolving and supervising organ into an institution which, within a determined political framework, is to safeguard the inviolability of the capitalist system. Thus determined positionnof the Council has already, become permanent within the political system and no changes should be expected in this respect. This is guaranteed by constantly increasing tasks of the state relating to socio-economic issues, as well as by the class-interests of the ruling forces.

How Culture Authenticity Effect on Revisit Intention of Domestic Travelers?

This paper tries to explore the revisit intention of local travelers to Bagan's ancient city. The secondary objectives of this study are to examine the effect of cultural authenticity on the revisit intention of local travelers to ancient Bagan city. The convince sampling method was used for this study. The sample size was 368 travelers who have traveling experiences to Bagan city. A structured questionnaire was used for this study. Descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The major findings of this study are most of the respondents are more likely to agree to make revisit intention to Bagan, objective authenticity and existential authenticity have a positive significant effect on revisit intention. According to these research findings, regional traveling organizations, and local authority bodies regulate the policies to maintain the ancient pagodas and temples and innovate the program that reflects ancient Burmese taste to attract local and foreign travelers.

Influence of Atmospheric Air Pollution on Frequency of Congenital Anomalies (on an example of a region)

INTRODUCTION: Atmospheric air pollution is the underlying factor of a great number of human diseases in both industrialized and developing countries. Studies show that exposure to atmospheric pollutions in pregnancy can be associated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies (CAs).
 AIM: To analyze the impact of atmospheric air pollutants in Ryazan city on the incidence of CAs in newborns.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of monitoring of CAs by Ryazan Regional Perinatal Center; information on atmospheric air pollution of the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, of Ryazan Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, of Rospotrebnadzor of the Ryazan region are presented. The statistical analysis was conducted using free R computing environment (ver. 4.1.2).
 RESULTS: In 2019, the prevalence of CAs in Ryazan was 24.09 per 1,000 newborns; in the period 20102021, the absolute number of recorded CAs grew by 244.57%. The most common congenital anomalies were Q21.0 Ventricular septal defects (28.5%, 95% CI: 20.836.2%) and Q62.0 Congenital hydronephrosis (7.3%, 95% CI: 2.911.7%). Correlation was recorded with such air pollutant as sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the second month of pregnancy (AOR 1.39; 95%; CI 1.051.83, p 0.05) and the third month of pregnancy (AOR 1.59; 95% CI 1.172.16, p 0.05). No statistically significant relationship was established between CAs and carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3, p 0.05).
 CONCLUSION: The study confirms the association between atmospheric air pollution and frequency of CAs. In particular, SO2 has a negative effect in the second and third months of pregnancy. In this context, it is important that the authority bodies of the region and governmental regulatory agencies direct their efforts to reduction of the pollution of the environment which should help reduce the frequency of CAs in children.

Features of consideration of cases on challenging the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, administrative and administrative procedural law are jointly administered by the Federation and its regions. The article, based on the analysis of the practice of consideration by courts of administrative cases on challenging normative legal acts adopted by legislative bodies of state power at the regional level, highlights the features of consideration, identifies problematic issues and prospects for the rule-making of state bodies of public authority of the subject of the Russian Federation. The laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses are also joint issues of federal and regional legislative authorities. When appealing against such regulations, the courts are guided by both the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation and the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation. The main conclusion of the study is that there is currently a judicial practice on challenging the laws of the regions of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses that contradict federal legislation. Despite detailed checks of the laws before adoption, the problem of the existence of illegitimate regional laws remains relevant. Specific examples are given on the adoption of regional acts on administrative offenses with exceeding the powers of a subject of the Russian Federation. The novelty of the research lies in the assessment of the current state of legislation and judicial practice of its implementation. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic is to identify ways to further improve and prospects for the development of the procedure for adopting and challenging regional laws on administrative offenses. The practical significance of the research lies in the development of scientifically-based proposals for additional in-depth understanding and development of legal relations in the field of rulemaking at the regional level, including from the point of view of judicial norm control.

Role of Values in Decision-Making for National Development Planning (a study in light of legal orders in Poland and Norway)

The issues discussed in this paper relate to the axiological justification of planning decisions as part of development policy pursued by public authority bodies, using the example of Polish and Norwegian planning systems. This study derived from the premise that the contemporary model of planning for socio-economic development is crucially significant in terms of organizing the activities of public administration that aim to meet socio-economic needs. In addition to values, the article also identifies legal institutions through which the values in question may be integrated in planning decisions for the development pursued with public participation.