Audiovisual News Research Articles

The Role of Audiovisuals in Counter-Framing Dynamics: A Longitudinal Experiment on Causal Responsibility Attribution

ABSTRACT Opposing the interpretation of a societal problem with a countering framing is a common characteristic of the democratic discourse. While studies on the dynamics of such counter-framing situations point largely toward recency effects, it remains mostly unclear which characteristics of the initial frame influence these recency effects. Taking current developments in news reporting into account—the trend toward audio and audiovisual news—this study suggests that news framed and presented in textual and audio and audiovisual modalities can attenuate recency effects in counter-framing environments. Building upon the long-standing research strand of responsibility framing and theories of multimodal learning, the findings of this longitudinal probability-sample experiment indicate that the recency effects of frames largely endure even if the initial frame is presented in a multi-modality mode.

A framework for the analysis of historical newsreels

Audiovisual news is a critical cultural phenomenon that has been influencing audience worldviews for more than a hundred years. To understand historical trends in multimodal audiovisual news, we need to explore them longitudinally using large sets of data. Despite promising developments in film history, computational video analysis, and other relevant fields, current research streams have limitations related to the scope of data used, the systematism of analysis, and the modalities and elements to be studied in audiovisual material and its metadata. Simultaneously, each disciplinary approach contributes significant input to research reducing these limitations. We therefore advocate for combining the strengths of several disciplines. Here we propose a multidisciplinary framework for systematically studying large collections of historical audiovisual news to gain a coherent picture of their temporal dynamics, cultural diversity, and potential societal effects across several quantitative and qualitative dimensions of analysis. By using newsreels as an example of such complex historically formed data, we combine the context crucial to qualitative approaches with the systematicity and ability to cover large amounts of data from quantitative methods. The framework template for historical newsreels is exemplified by a case study of the “News of the Day” newsreel series produced in the Soviet Union during 1944–1992. The proposed framework enables a more nuanced analysis of longitudinal collections of audiovisual news, expanding our understanding of the dynamics of global knowledge cultures.

The Richer, the Better? Users Perception of News Credibility of Short Video News

ABSTRACT This study explores the credibility of short video news through a 3 × 2 factorial experiment on media richness and emotional intensity with 215 participants. Results show that text-based news, with lower media richness, is deemed more credible than highly rich short video news. An interaction between media richness and emotional intensity further impacts credibility assessments. Our findings suggest segmenting news by emotional intensity to refine audiovisual news credibility evaluation, offering a new direction for future research.

Multimodal discourse analysis as a method for revealing narrative strategies in news videos

Abstract News reporting has long been seen as involving a form of storytelling but techniques for revealing narrative constructions in audiovisual news remain limited. As the forms of expression mobilised for news become ever more diverse and multimodal, the challenges posed for analysis grow accordingly. The present paper asks to what extent we can pursue more differentiating accounts of the increasingly diverse audiovisual features employed in news video by employing recent advances in multimodal discourse analysis. Specifically, we explore how to recognise storytelling strategies deployed in audiovisual news reporting both more reliably and in ways that complement conventional journalistic labels, such as those discussed in research into news sensationalism. As an illustration, we offer a contrastive analysis of the specific reporting strategies of ‘individualisation’ employed in 166 news reports from two leading German news channels, Tagesschau and Bild TV, produced between 1 January 2022 and 15 March 2022. We show how we scale analysis methods to achieve greater coverage of data and discuss how this meets several recurring challenges for multimodal analysis more generally.

Moderation Effects of Language Skills, Residential Tenure, and Education on Immigrants’ Learning From News

Authors of the knowledge gap hypothesis predicted television’s potential to narrow the gaps in some circumstances. This online experiment aimed to bound the conditions that facilitate the leveling role of audiovisual news for a foreign-born audience ( N = 137) residing in the United States. Results showed that audiovisual news narrowed the gaps by improving learning for those who scored low on language or U.S. education and by attenuating improvements in learning for those with high language or education scores. Conversely, text news widened the gaps by sizable gains in learning for those with better language or more education.

‘Shoulda, Coulda, Woulda’: Young Swiss audiences’ attitudes, expectations and evaluations of audiovisual news and information content and the implications for public service television

Public service media (PSM) are still seen in most European countries as a core means of informing citizens of all ages. Nevertheless, PSM struggle to reach young audiences, who are often characterised as news-avoidant or news-deprived. This article asks what meaning the news and information offered by PSM have for young people. The qualitative study describes young people’s attitudes and expectations regarding audiovisual news and information content through observation of their media usage habits in an experimental setting. It provides insights regarding how young people find and select news in today’s digital media environment and highlights opportunities for PSM providers to reach and engage with young audiences more effectively.

Exploring Audience Perceptions of, and Preferences for, Online News Videos

ABSTRACT Journalism professionals and media experts have traditionally used normatively formed criteria to evaluate news quality. Although the digital news media environment has enabled journalists to respond at unprecedented speed to audience consumption patterns, little academic research has systematically addressed how audiences themselves perceive and evaluate news, and even less has focused on audio-visual news. To help fill this research gap, we conducted in-depth group interviews with 22 online news video consumers in the UK to explore their perceptions of online news videos—an increasingly popular news format. Thematic analyses suggest audiences evaluate online news videos using a complex and interwoven set of criteria, which we group under four headings: antecedents of perceptions, emotional impacts, news and editorial values and production characteristics. Some of these criteria can be positioned clearly in relation to the literature on news quality in general, while our documentation of the others contributes new, format-specific knowledge. Our findings offer journalists practical insights into how audiences perceive and evaluate a host of characteristics of online news videos, while our conceptual framework provides a foundation for further academic research on audience evaluations of online news videos, and even audio-visual news more generally.

The Important Value of Social Media in the Construction of Korean National Image

Since the 1990s, with the continuous advancement of economic globalization, enterprises and other countries have participated in global competition, including not only the competition of hard power such as military and economy, but also the competition of soft power such as social media and national image. This paper analyzes the communication skills of social media and the dissemination of international information in the social media era, discusses the popular construction, formation and shaping of South Korea's national image from the perspective of culture, and analyzes the video and audio. The results show that compared with information news, audio-visual news pays more attention to the social livelihood and cultural topics in South Korea.

Audience Attention and Emotion in News Filmed with Drones: A Neuromarketing Research

Emotional journalism is being driven by audiovisual technology such as drones, also known as unmanned aerial vehicles, which have demonstrated their usefulness in transforming objective news into news stories from a new visual perspective, facilitating access to dangerous or difficult places. They also allow for greater immersion by an audience that has become an active participant in the news, and they contribute to the storytelling of communication despite the risk to privacy and security that their misuse might entail. The aim of this research is to determine the differences in attention and intensity of the emotions experienced when viewing two pieces of audiovisual news: One was filmed with the technological support of a drone, and the other was produced in the conventional way. The techniques of eye tracking and galvanic skin response were used in 30 Spanish university students. The results suggest that attention was focused on the most spectacular visual elements, although the images filmed with a drone received a higher concentration of attention from the subjects, and this attention was spread throughout the entire image, which demonstrates that drones enhance the effectiveness of panoramic images with natural landscapes. The greatest emotion generated by viewing the images recorded with drones was statistically significant, but it was limited exclusively to these particular scenes, and not to the entire recording of the news.

Новостная аудиовизуальная журналистика в социальных сетях

Новостная аудиовизуальная журналистика в социальных сетях

The Noticiari de Barcelona (1977-1980). The institutionalization of protest in the cinema of Spain’s transition to democracy

The films produced during the political transition to democracy in Spain continue to capture the interest of film analysts and historians. However, beyond the realm of fiction films, there are still many areas that have received little attention, such as the attempts to develop newsreels for cinemas once the monopoly of the Francoist No-Do newsreels had ended. This study focuses on the Noticiari de Barcelona newsreel series produced between 1977 and 1980, specifically analysing its content and its discourse. The importance of this newsreel series lies in three main factors: because it constituted one of the first steps towards the development of a Catalan film industry after the end of the dictatorship (in the midst of a debate in Spain over the need to establish autonomous film industries for each of the country’s different regions); because of the attempt it constituted to establish a local audiovisual news product in clear opposition to the No-Do newsreels; and because of its adoption of some of the themes, discursive strategies and objectives attributed to many of the independent political films of the period. All of these factors determined the content and discourse of the newsreels, and gave them an orientation that was more persuasive than strictly informative.

German Newsreels as Agents of History

Before television was established in Germany, cinema newsreels were the only medium that provided audio-visual news. Due to the weekly format, it was impossible to be up-to-date, but reports had to be interesting and attractive. Thus, their aim was partially entertainment. Although exclusive stories and curiosities were important, some aspects were omitted from the screen, including murder, cruelties, major accidents, or diseases. Using specific examples, this paper will outline the design and structure of reports in East and West German newsreels and the ways in which they differed in presenting the two German states. Consistent with the principles of ‘New Film History’, this paper will use a variety of archive materials to explain the deeper meaning of newsreel films and why they are in the sense of the ‘Visual History’ approach important for the social and cultural memory of nations.

INOVAÇÃO E JUVENTUDE: UM ESTUDO SOBRE PRODUÇÃO E CONSUMO DE NOTÍCIAS E O JORNALISMO PORVIR

Reflecting on incoming journalism implies thinking on innovations in news production and on ways which young people consume news. This paper highlights trends in audiovisual news contents and formats aimed at young people, through an analysis of the sites BuzzFeed Brasil, Vice Brasil, AJ + and NowThis News. This study also identifies the ways in which undergraduates of Rio de Janeiro relate to the news measured by online questionnaires applied in six groups of students on Facebook. Thus, the article points out trends and challenges of current journalistic practices.

Nursing errors in the medication process: television electronic media analysis

Abstract Objective: To analyze the disclosures of a Brazilian television medium about medication errors in nursing. Methods: Documental research based on audiovisual news stories broadcast until December 2016, on the G1 portal and submitted to error type categorization and Bardin's Thematic Content Analysis. Results: A total of 14 cases of medication error were analyzed, including 25 news stories. The majority of them occurred in hospitals (n = 12); including children (n = 7) and older adults (n = 6); and leading to death (n = 10). In the qualitative analysis, two thematic categories emerged: (1) Identification of medication errors and Reaction of those (allegedly) involved and (2) Reactions, feelings and attitudes towards medication errors. Conclusion and implications for practice: The news stories show the apparent culpability of individuals and do not address the mechanisms and flawed processes that may have triggered errors. Risk management must be associated with academic and professional discussions, with greater public awareness of patient safety.

Do emotions fit the frame? A critical appraisal of visual framing research approaches

With the rise of a visibly more emotional public sphere, this article asks if visual framing approaches can be enriched by the integration of emotive elements. Focussing on television news, I ask in what way emotions manifest within audio-visual material, and how these representations of emotions and emotive elements can be analysed using visual framing analysis. This understanding is grounded in two recent turns: the turn to the visual and to the affective. Both turns provide the background for current framing understandings and visual framing approaches, and for a discussion of three empirical models of analysis and their varying potential to integrate emotive elements. I distinguish here between a holistic ‘emotion frame’, emotions as narrative structures, and emotion as frame element. I argue that emotions can be best conceptualized as a frame element; and three practical realizations are discussed to what extent they are helpful to analyse emotions empirically in audio-visual news material.

Personalized News and Participatory Intent

Political communication scholars have shown that nonverbal communication cues have the potential to influence political judgments. The bulk of this literature has focused on leader displays in the context of electoral politics. The study reported here aligns with that body of literature, but tests how facial displays of ordinary citizens might affect political participatory intentions among different demographic groups. The study reported here provides support for the idea that being exposed to audiovisual news that features emotional testimonies of people with firsthand experience of social issues encourages political participation. The findings from a mixed design experiment ( N = 80) examining story personalization, ideological strength, and education level offer evidence that participants from both higher and lower socioeconomic segments of society become equally motivated for political participation after viewing emotional testimony of fellow citizens. It is reasonable to start considering the potential of news that gives voice to ordinary people, showcasing their facial displays of emotion, for revitalizing the public sphere.

Demographic variation in how the social brain processes news messages.

A high capacity for visual perception distinguishes Homo sapiens from other primates. This human ability to detect social cues and retain visual records of social networks has been tested mostly with static facial images in laboratory settings. However, media consumption has become closely entangled with the way social life is navigated. Therefore, the study reported here tested demographic differences (gender and education) in visual information processing of social and nonsocial objects featured in audiovisual news content. Women recognized (accuracy) and recalled (salience) social images better than men. On the other hand, men were more skilled at recognizing, but not recalling, nonsocial images. Participants with lower educational levels recognized and recalled fewer images than individuals with higher educational levels. Interactions between demographic variables and time suggest that memory records for social images are more stable than those for nonsocial images. Memory may have survival-relevant importance, serving navigational functions that vary across environmental demands, resulting in differences across demographic groups.

A comunicação na parceria ensino-serviço-comunidade.

This experience report analyses the communication plans to support and to integratethe teaching-healthservices-community partnership between Health Sciences and Medical Colleges – from Brasilia University – and, Paranoa-Itapoa Regional Section – from Distrito Federal’s Health Secretariat. We made the examination of teaching care integration history from its beginning, and described the design and products of the communication plan for this partnership. Throughout this report, concepts and propositions of Communication, Communication in Health, Health Promotion and Public Health theories dialogs to participants’ experiences. In fact, we had demonstrated how significant communication is for promoting health by individuals and communities. Furthermore, communication had socialized knowledge and experiences through diffusion of information on the monthly news bulletin “Bem-te-vi”, the partnership’s Facebook page, audiovisual news and interviews. As well, actors’ participation in seminars, meetings and workshops.

Defecting From the Gutenberg Legacy: Employing Images to Test Knowledge Gaps

Education-based knowledge gaps are well-documented across countries, media platforms, and content. Without exception, knowledge is measured through words not images. Given the centrality of sight in the natural history of Homo sapiens, the extraordinary visual acuity of humans, and the proliferation of screen-based visual media environments in contemporary life, an experiment was conducted to test the knowledge gap visually. Participants watched 8 audiovisual news stories. Simple recognition of story details and comprehension of that information were tested in verbal and visual modalities. Results offered the first confirmation of the knowledge gap in visual terms. Yet, gaps were significantly smaller employing visual than verbal measures, pointing to the need for continued efforts to develop visual measures for future memory studies.

Televisão e novas mídias: repensando o papel das audiências nos telejornais

A tecnologia digital permite que conteúdos e formatos noticiosos audiovisuais sejam acessados por meio de uma variedade de dispositivos e plataformas em telas distintas. A maior participação das audiências é uma das características mais importantes dos processos de produção e consumo de notícias na contemporaneidade, o que nem sempre gera representações dos acontecimentos mais diversas. Mas os telejornais ainda exercem uma centralidade nos discursos midiáticos. Este artigo busca identificar as interações entre a televisão e a Internet no ambiente midiático onde o Jornal Nacional está inserido, verificar as atuais caracteríticas de linguagem das narrativas jornalísticas audiovisuais e compreender como as relações com os públicos são estabelecidas na experiência da cultura participativa incrementada pela convergência, a partir da análise televisual da cobertura dos Protestos de Junho do noticiário de maior audiência do país. É amparado nas contribuições das teorias da comunicação e dos estudos de jornalismo e de recepção.