Trust Attitudes Research Articles

Political trust in a multilevel polity: patterns of differentiation among more and less politically sophisticated citizens

Differentiation in political trust attitudes occurs when citizens distinguish between different political institutions in terms of their trustworthiness. This article explores patterns of citizens’ (non-)differentiation between the local, national and European Union governance levels with regard to political trust. With unique Dutch data, we find that trust evaluations of each pair of governments (local–national/national–European Union/local–European Union) follows a distinct pattern. This suggests that citizens: (1) form more than one political trust attitude; and (2) use different cognitive mechanisms (like cognitive proximity and subjective rationality) to make sense of the political complexities in multilevel governance systems. Although general patterns found at the population level were largely reproduced at the subgroup level, that is, low and high political sophistication groups produced similar patterns of (non-)differentiation, highly politically sophisticated citizens tended to differentiate more – they are more likely to evaluate each governance level ‘on its own merits’. Our results are especially relevant in an era of declining trust, where governments want to regain citizens’ trust but are very much in the dark about which government level (if any) is the main culprit. Points for practitioners Citizens, particularly those with higher political interest, more exposure to political information and higher education, tend to differentiate in their trust orientations towards different governments. This suggests that citizens, to some extent, judge different governments in the multilevel system ‘on their own merits’. Therefore, politicians and public managers confronted with declining trust in their jurisdiction should seriously consider whether such a negative trend might not reflect citizens’ dissatisfaction with their governments’ lack of responsiveness to the specific demands of its citizens.

Effects of Relationship Marketing of Skincare Shop on the Customer Trust and Relationship Continuity Intention

This study researched the effects of relationship marketing of skincare shop on the customer trust and relationship continuity intention. For this, a survey was conducted from December 1 st to December 15 th 2020, targeting the women in their 20s-50s with experiences of using skincare shop in Seoul and capital area for three months or more. Total 327 questionnaires were used for the final analysis, and the results of this study are as follows. First, in the effects of relationship marketing of skincare shop on the customer trust, the subfactors of relationship marketing such as communication, customer orientation, and professionalism were the important factors on the experience and ability, honesty, discomfort, trust, benefit, position, and sincere attitude of customer trust. Second, in the effects of relationship marketing of skincare shop on the relationship continuity intention, the subfactors of relationship marketing such as communication, customer orientation, and professionalism were the important factors on the continuity, positiveness, recommendation, priority, use intention, price, and revisit of relationship continuity intention. In order to provide valuable service to customers and also to maintain relationships with customers, such results of this study could be utilized as the basic data for improving the service and establishing the differentiation strategies as managerial elements contributing to the stable operation as the service providers maintain the long-term relationships by getting equipped with professionalism and response ability through education. Keywords: Customer Trust; Relationship; Relationship Marketing; Skincare Shop

An examination of critical determinants of carbon offsetting attitudes: the role of gender

Utilizing two studies, determinants of travelers’ carbon offsetting attitudes and the role that gender plays in cognitive appraisal and attitude formation are examined by exploring the interactions between knowledge, credibility, and trust and their relative impacts on behavioral intentions. Findings suggest that objective knowledge, subjective knowledge, trust, and credibility impact attitudes in dramatically different degrees. Females are found to be higher in objective knowledge, credibility of climate science, and carbon offsetting attitudes, whereas males are found to be higher in subjective knowledge. Knowledge is found to be not only an imperfect predictor of carbon offsetting attitudes but can negatively influence attitudes through indirect effects on trust and perceived credibility. Furthermore, travelers who process information heuristically (primarily males) will have significantly different responses to stimuli than travelers who process information systematically (primarily females). Implications for message framing and possible interventions to increase participation levels in voluntary carbon offset programs are discussed.

How Plausible Is the Implausible? Students\u2019 Plausibility and Prevalence Ratings of the Self-Report Symptom Inventory

Some self-report symptom validity tests, such as the Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI), rely on a detection strategy that uses bizarre, extreme, or very rare symptoms. Thus, items are constructed to invite respondents with an invalid response style to affirm pseudosymptoms that are usually not experienced by genuine patients. However, these pseudosymptoms should not be easily recognizable, because otherwise sophisticated over-reporters could strategically avoid them and go undetected. Therefore, we tested how well future psychology professionals were able to differentiate between genuine complaints and pseudosymptoms in terms of their plausibility and prevalence.Psychology students (N = 87) received the items of the SRSI online and were given the task to rate each item as to its plausibility and prevalence in the community.Students evaluated genuine symptoms as significantly more plausible and more prevalent than pseudosymptoms. However, 56% of students rated pseudosymptoms as moderately plausible, whereas 17% rated them as moderately prevalent in the general public.Overall, it appears that psychology students are successful in distinguishing bizarre, unusual, or rare symptoms from genuine complaints. Yet, the majority of students still attributed relatively high prima facie plausibility to pseudosymptoms. We contend that if such a trusting attitude is true for psychology students, it may also be the case for young psychology practitioners, which, consequently, may diminish the probability of employing self-report validity measures in psychological assessments.

Motivations and Constraints of Collaborative Consumption, Testing the Mediating Role of Attitude and nature of Trust

Purpose: The current study aims to analyse the relationship among motivation, constraints and intention to participate in collaborative consumption, with attitude acting as a mediating variable. The study also aims to unravel the role of trust dimension within the context of collaborative consumption. Research methodology: The descriptive research design is applied for the present study. Random sampling techniques including area sampling is applied. Data analysis: Linear regression, approach is applied to analyse the data. Hierarchical multiple regression is used to assess the effects of a moderating variable. Findings: Economic concerns are less important as compared to environmental concerns. Materialistic traits of consumers prevent them from participating in collaborative consumption, and perceived risk also acts as a barrier. Attitude has a very important role in collaborative consumption. Institution-based trust is an impactful independent variable but shows no moderating impact. Implications: Marketers can increase the economic benefits of consumers through discount and loyalty cards. Because environmental concerns have a huge impact on attitude and intention, marketers must emphasize on the sustainability aspect of their offerings. For millennials, the most valuable things in life are the lived experiences instead of possessions (Morgan, 2019). Therefore, marketers must leverage on consumer experiences rather than goods. Most importantly, marketers need to focus on the attitude factor. Moreover, the companies must emphasize on the security of the Internet and must explicitly mention the structural and technological safeguards for promoting trust among consumers. The digital platforms can incorporate various measures that can help in promoting privacy and security of the consumers. Areas such as authentication, encryption and integrity need to be given more attention. Originality/value: The study has filled the gap in the existing literature by examining the mediating role of attitude on the relationship of motivations and constraints and behavioural intentions. The study has also contributed by exploring institution-based trust in collaborative consumption.

Young local civil servants’ trust in citizens: empirical evidence from the post-reform-and-opening-up generations in China

ABSTRACT Civil servants’ trust in citizens is an important but insufficiently addressed issue in public administration. It is the key component of democratic governance and cooperation shaping. This study examines patterns of young civil servants’ trust in citizens, and explores the factors accounting for the variance of young civil servants’ trust within the Chinese context. Our primary finding is that the attitude held among China’s young civil servants is neither too strong in trust in citizens nor in distrust of them. By employing ordinal logistic regression analysis, this study demonstrates that four factors significantly affect young civil servants’ trust in citizens: their social trust level, their perception of citizens’ ability to participate (knowledge-based trust), their spirit of self-sacrifice, and their authority-respecting political orientation. We propose that the cultivation of an attitude of trust in citizens by young civil servants is crucial for lubricating the process of China’s administrative reforms.

Ethics in financial advertising: a study on direct mail for credit cards

Two experiments were conducted to explore the extent to which disclosing minimum required payment in a credit card company’s direct mail advertisements to college students influenced perceived trust and brand attitude in the target audience. In Experiment 1, we discovered that a more ethical 5% minimum payment requirement was perceived to be less ethical than both a 1% minimum payment requirement and even the self-serving practice of withholding information about minimum payment requirement. We attributed this unintended effect to a lack of both credit card knowledge and long-term orientation in our sample. In Experiment 2, we discovered the intended effect of the more ethical 5% minimum payment requirement when the participants were motivated to digest and understand supplemental information about interest compounding. In other words, socially responsible initiatives are likely to be appreciated by the target audience only if they have the ability and motivation to elaborate the true merits of these initiatives.

Decision-making by Heads of Academic Department using Student Evaluation of Instruction (SEI)

This study investigates the ways in which heads of academic department use student evaluation of instruction (SEI) to make decisions about individual faculty members and/or whole academic departments. The study utilized a convenience sample of 57 heads of department, who completed an online questionnaire with two main constructs, which were assessed at the interval level of measurement. The results of the study revealed significant differences between heads of department who tend to trust SEI results compared to those who tend not to trust SEI results. The findings suggest there is a significant association between how heads of department perceive SEI and how they use it to make decisions about individual faculty members and their academic departments. In addition, analysis of the respondents as per two groups, according to their attitudes of trust or distrust toward SEI, showed that disparities within these groups were greater with respect to issues or decisions that affect individuals as opposed to whole departments. Therefore, the study concludes that decisions should not be made based solely on the results of SEI; rather, multiple sources of evaluation should be utilized to make proper decisions. The author strongly recommends that academic leaders should use SEI across multiple years or courses in order to obtain more reliable information. Future research may include qualitative studies on the topic and discipline-specific studies within certain academic departments or college clusters.

Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Kepemimpinan Islam dalam Organisasi Santri Pesantren (Penelitian di Pesantren Ibnu Siena Mulia Cikoneng Kabupaten Ciamis)

This study aims: (1) To find out how to plan the internalization of leadership values ​​through the Islamic Boarding School Ibnu Siena Mulia (OSPIS) santri organization. (2) To find out how the implementation of the internalization of leadership values ​​through the Islamic boarding school santri Ibnu Siena Mulia organization. (3) To find out how the results of the internalization of leadership values ​​through the Pesantren Ibnu Siena Mulia santri organization. This research is a qualitative field research. Data collection was carried out by using interview, observation and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Planning the internalization of leadership values ​​in the OSPIS Ibnu Siena Mulia Islamic Boarding School is carried out in 4 steps. The first step is the formation of the committee, the second step is the reporting of the old OSPIS committee, the third step is the election of the new OSPIS chairman, and the fourth step is the formation of the new OSPIS structure. 2) The internalization of leadership values ​​in the Ibnu Siena Mulia Islamic Boarding School OSPIS is carried out through the division of divisions with their respective main duties and functions. The internalization of leadership values ​​is carried out in five forms, namely lectures, education, uswah hasanah, training and the environment. 3) Internalization of leadership values ​​in the Ibnu Siena Mulia Islamic Boarding School OSPIS can be felt by the board and boarding school with the formation of an attitude of trust, responsibility, social spirit and good role models.

Tenuous relations: Ethnic–racial cultural and police disrespect in Finland

The relationship between ethnic–racial cultural communities and the Finnish police is evolving, and relatively little research is available within the criminal justice system that highlights police practices and behaviour towards ethnic and racial cultural in Finland. There is also a lack of scientific certainty about how to assess ethnic and racial cultural’ experiences of fair, unfair and impolite treatment by the police. The available research suggests that the experiences of Black and other ethnic–racial cultural groups in the criminal justice system differs from that of the ethnic majority population, and this tends to increase the tense relationship between the police and ethnic–racial cultural communities. The data on which this article is based were collected between April 2013 and July 2015 among ethnic and racial cultural groups from three different sites to explore ethnic cultural perceptions of legal authority in Finland. The experiences of 205 people with a cultural ethnic background were used to examine ethnic–racial cultural views on four types of police behaviour—respect, fairness, politeness and courtesy—in deciding whether to trust or distrust the police. We compared adverse encounters between members of ethnic and racial cultural communities and the police using a mixed-methods approach to procedural justice in a questionnaire and face-to-face interviews. The study indicates that hostile police humour contributes to a negative attitude, fear and lack of trust towards the police, whereas every respectful interaction brings about a positive attitude.

Investigating Organizational Trust between Employees and Managers:The Case Study of Hellenic National Sport Federations

Investigating Organizational Trust between Employees and Managers:The Case Study of Hellenic National Sport Federations Antonia Kalafatzi, M.Sc.; Dimitrios Gargalianos, Ph.D.; Georgia Yfantidou, Ph.D Abstract The purposes of this study were to: a) investigate how Hellenic National Sport Federations’ (HNSF) managers and staff members perceived trust antecedents (ability, benevolence, integrity) and b) explore how such antecedents are related to their trust attitudes. The sample consisted of twelve employees (three managers and nine staff members) of Hellenic National Sport Federations-HNSF, who were interviewed about trust antecedents and attitudes in their organisations, working at three different HNSFs. Data were analysed via thematic analysis. The results confirmed trust model in sport federations. The research adds to theory and practice by showing that factors such as years of employment and working environment are fundamental determinants of trust in organisations like sport federation. A relation was found between organisational size and trust, indicating a particular direction for future studies. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jpesm.v8n1a4

Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Depression on Implicit and Explicit Trust Tendencies Toward Automated Systems

This paper explores whether generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression have any effect on an individual’s explicit general propensity to trust automated systems (trust that is unspecific to any one automated system) and whether those that do have these disorders have an implicit bias towards automated systems over other humans. The human-automated system literature to date has discovered that individual differences in humans, such as self-confidence, mood, and personality types, can influence the human-automated system relationship through human trust and reliance attitudes and behaviour. However, whether suffering from a mental disorder influences an individual’s attitudes towards automated systems generally is yet to be explored. In this study, 184 UK university students responded to online experiments between December 2019 – January 2020 and were subjected to the cultural trust instrument survey and the implicit association test in a between-subjects design to measure their general propensity to trust and implicit association towards automated systems respectively. A two-way ANOVA was performed to evaluate GAD $\times $ depression interaction effects on the dependent variables. Results suggest there was a significant interaction between GAD and depression regarding propensity to trust automated systems but they have little to no influential effect on mean implicit association test scores. Furthermore, those without depression showed a significantly higher trust score when they also had GAD. It can be concluded that GAD and depression have potential critical influence over human-automated system trust, thus creating potential issues with misuse and disuse and must be accounted for in automated system design.

The interconnection between generalized trust and corruption practices of the population (results of sociological research in Altai Krai)

The relevance of the topic is determined by the importance of the category of generalized trust, which is recognized, within the framework of the concept of social capital, as the foundation for developing the attitude of trust as «a priori benevolence», which can later be considered as the basis for reducing the corruption practices of the population. The low degree and lack of generalized trust can generate a calm attitude towards corruption and facilitate the participation of the population in corrupt activities. A high degree of trust in an individual contributes to confidence in the actions carried out by them, their compliance with established norms, rules or agreements, due to which the likelihood of the implementation of corrupt actions is minimized. This duality of the relationship between corruption and trust is explained by the existence of different forms and levels of trust in society, when different types of trust play their «role». The purpose of the study is to identify the presence of interconnection of generalized trust and corruption in the Altai Krai’s society. The basis of this article consists of integrative theoretical and methodological background, which includes concepts of theories of trust and of corruptogenicity of a society. The novelty of the research lies in the identification of possible points of interdependence of social trust and corruption in society. The article focuses on the sociological analysis of corruption practices and public perceptions of corruption. The level of coverage of everyday corruption and the degree of generalized trust among the population of Altai Krai were determined based on the results of a sociological survey of the urban and rural population aged 18 to 70 years (n = 1200). Corrupt practices of the population are presented in the work by the level of involvement of the population in everyday corruption for the sixteen proposed situations of contacting state authorities. The hypotheses about the presence of interconnection/dependence between generalized trust and corrupt practices were tested. For some figures, a connection was found between socio-demographic characteristics, the degree of generalized trust, the coverage of domestic corruption and its demand. The dependence of some corrupt practices on generalized trust were also revealed. The authors have used regression analysis in the present research.

OVERVIEW OF TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS IN THE EU

The paper analyzes the approaches of scientists and the essential characteristics of corporate social responsibility as a factor in increasing its attractiveness and public confidence. The purpose of the study is to define the definition of "Social responsibility of business", to study the historical aspects of its formation. A separate analysis of foreign experience, namely the EU countries, in the development of ethical business principles of conduct of economic entities and tools for their systematic compliance. In the course of the research, it was established that socially oriented business monitors the implementation of codes of ethics and regulations adopted in its own corporate strategy. Social principles of interaction relate to a responsible attitude to the environment, compliance with labor laws on working conditions for employees, social investment in educational, sports, environmental and scientific programs for the growth of social, innovative and cultural capital in the country. It was found that the socially oriented activity of companies forms a trusting attitude towards themselves on the part of international partners and investors, which ultimately affects the financial result. cooperation between business, the public sector and government agencies in shaping social sustainability. Based on the analysis of indicators of social activity of business in European countries, a rapidly growing dynamics of social investment, given the reduction in the number of socially oriented projects to support corporate and socially oriented business. Emphasis is placed on the increased relevance of the introduction of corporate social responsibility by Ukrainian entrepreneurs and communication with society due to the lack of dissemination of ethical practices and low interaction. It is critical for Ukraine to adopt the European experience to develop its own model of socially responsible governance, which can be the subject of further research, and to combine it with national traditions and interactions to reduce the negative consequences for all stakeholders.

My Boss the Computer: A Bayesian analysis of socio-demographic and cross-cultural determinants of attitude toward the Non-Human Resource Management

Human resource management technologies have moved from biometric surveillance to emotional artificial intelligence (AI) that monitor employees’ engagement and productivity, analyze video interviews and CVs of job applicants. The rise of the US$20 billion emotional AI industry will transform the future workplace. Yet, besides no international consensus on the principles or standards for such technologies, there is a lack of cross-cultural research on future job seekers’ attitude toward such use of AI technologies. This study collects a cross-sectional dataset of 1,015 survey responses of international students from 48 countries and 8 regions worldwide. A majority of the respondents (52%) are concerned about being managed by AI. Following the hypothetico-deductivist philosophy of science, we use the MCMC Hamiltonian approach and conduct a detailed comparison of 10 Bayesian network models with the PSIS-LOO method. We consistently find having a higher income, being male, majoring in business, and/or self-rated familiarity with AI correlate with a more positive view of emotional AI in the workplace. There is also a stark cross-cultural and cross-regional difference. Our analysis shows people from economically less developed regions (Africa, Oceania, Central Asia) tend to exhibit less concern for AI managers. And for East Asian countries, 64% of the Japanese, 56% of the South Korean, and 42% of the Chinese professed the trusting attitude. In contrast, an overwhelming majority of 75% of the European and Northern American possesses the worrying/neutral attitude toward being managed by AI. Regarding religion, Muslim students correlate with the most concern toward emotional AI in the workplace (β_Islam_Attitude’s mean =-0.16, sd =0.10; β_Buddhism_Attitude’s mean =-0.05, sd =0.07; β_Christian_Attitude ‘s mean = -0.10, sd= 0.09). When religiosity is higher, the correlation becomes stronger for Muslim and Buddhist students. This paper adds a cross-cultural perspective to the literature, which is currently skewed toward country-specific and profession-specific samples.

A Study Aesthetic Values In The Lyrics of The Song “Rejung Usul Seminggu” With Connection To Pancasila Values

This study aims to examine the moral message in the lyrics of popular song rejung recommended a week from the Semende area as a form of the application of Pancasila values ​​in the formation of characteristics in the study of aesthetic values ​​in the arts to form a character towards the values ​​towards nationality as practice in the principles of Pancasila .The research methodology is a qualitative descriptive regional song proposed by the week of rejung as a form of trust from God values ​​towards the formation of a trustful attitude given to people's representatives as a form of our obedience to our responsibilities as humans to God Almighty. symbolized in people's behavior through the song lyrics and qualitative research is one method to get the truth and classified as scientific research that is built on the basis of theories that develop from research and are controlled on an empirical basis.So in this qualitative research not only presents the data as it is but also seeks to interpret the correlation as an existing factor and also gives shape to the meaning of the moral message in the song's lyrics.
 Keywords: aesthetic value, song lyrics Pancasila values

Parental Involvement and the Intergenerational Transmission of Economic Preferences, Attitudes and Personality Traits

AbstractWe empirically investigate the link between parental involvement and shaping of the economic preferences, attitudes and personality traits of their children. We exploit information on the risk and trust attitudes, the Big Five personality traits and locus of control of parents and their children, as well as rich information about parental efforts in the upbringing of their children from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP). Our results show that parents who are more involved in the upbringing of their children have children with more favourable attitudes and traits. These children rank higher in traits that further their success in life, and they are more similar to their parents in those attitudes, where the optimum level is more ambiguous.

Friendship and Trust between Medieval Princes: Affective Strategies for Navigating Intercultural Difference across the Mediterranean

Abstract This essay analyses the rhetoric of friendship in John of Sulṭāniyya’s translation of a Persian letter from the Mongol-Turkic leader Temür (Tamerlaine) to the French king Charles VI in 1402/3. It examines how the discourse of political friendship was an effective strategy for navigating intercultural difference between princely rulers across the Mediterranean in the later Middle Ages. Friendship language and practices functioned as a diplomatic paradigm for cultivating an affective attitude of trust between secular and spiritual leaders. Central to eliciting trust were performances of goodwill and the demonstrable commitment of individual parties to engage in a reciprocal exchange of benefits and obligations. Negotiating intercultural friendships enabled European elites to effect political change while adopting models of masculine authority independent of the hegemonic warrior tradition of medieval leadership.

A Cross-Sectional Study on the Affordable Care Act from the Perspective of People Living with HIV: The Interplay between Knowledge, Stigma, Trust, and Attitudes

Background Many AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs) purchased Affordable Care Act (ACA) Qualified Health Plans (QHPs) for low-income people living with HIV (PLWH). To date, little has been published about PLWH's perspective on the ACA. We explored ACA knowledge, HIV stigma, trust in the healthcare system, and ACA attitudes among PLWH with ADAP-funded QHPs in Virginia. Methods Participants were surveyed about demographic characteristics, ACA knowledge, HIV stigma, trust in various healthcare and government entities, and attitudes toward the ACA. Descriptive statistics were used. We assessed for associations (1) between baseline characteristics and correct ACA knowledge, HIV-related stigma, trust, and ACA attitudes and (2) between correct ACA knowledge and the following data: sources of ACA knowledge, HIV stigma, and trust. Results Participants (n = 53) were a vulnerable population based on the assessment of social determinants of health, and 30% had correct ACA knowledge. Almost three-fourths of participants used HIV clinic case managers for ACA information. Participants who used websites for ACA information had correct ACA knowledge more often compared to those that did not (71% vs. 15%; p = 0.001). Those with correct ACA knowledge had lower stigma scores compared to those without correct ACA knowledge (93.8; SD: 15.4 vs. 108; SD: 20.3; p = 0.01). Participants trusted HIV clinicians more than general clinicians and insurance companies. No association was found between having correct ACA knowledge and endorsing having enough information about the ACA to understand how it will impact their HIV care. Conclusions Websites imparted accurate ACA information. HIV clinic case managers were the most used source, and HIV clinicians were a trusted source of information. HIV clinicians and case managers should consider disseminating information about the ACA and its impact on HIV care delivery via internet videos. Lack of internet and stigma are a threat to PLWH gaining actionable healthcare information.

Encountering misinformation online: antecedents of trust and distrust and their impact on the intensity of Facebook use

PurposeThis study focused on the impact of misinformation on social networking sites. Through theorizing and integrating literature from interdisciplinary fields such as information behavior, communication and relationship management, this study explored how misinformation on Facebook influences users' trust, distrust and intensity of Facebook use.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed quantitative survey research and collected panel data via an online professional survey platform. A total of 661 participants in the USA completed this study, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the theoretical model using Amos 20.FindingsBased on data from an online questionnaire (N = 661) in the USA, results showed that information trustworthiness and elaboration, users' self-efficacy of detecting misinformation and prescriptive expectancy of the social media platform significantly predicted both trust and distrust toward Facebook, which in turn jointly influenced users' intensity of using this information system.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the growing body of literature on information and relationship management and digital communication from several important aspects. First, this study disclosed the underlying cognitive psychological and social processing of online misinformation and addressed the strategies for future system design and behavioral intervention of misinformation. Second, this study systematically examined both trust and distrust as cognitive and affective dimensions of the human mindsets, encompassed the different components of the online information behavior and enriched one’s understanding of how misinformation affected publics' perceptions of the information system where it appeared. Last but not least, this study advanced the relationship management literature and demonstrated that a trustful attitude exerted a stronger influence on the intensity of Facebook use than distrust did.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-04-2020-0130