Attitude Research Research Articles

Research of Attitudes toward Implementation of Green Accounting in Tourism Industry in Montenegro-Practices, and Challenges

The transition to green economies is considered to be a key driver of sustainable economic development. Growing awareness of environmental costs and their integration into corporate performance reporting has led to the development of a new environmental dimension of accounting. Although it is a modern concept, its integration into the tourist business community is important, especially because tourism is recognized as energy and emission intensive. As preserving the environment can create an optimal framework that is in the function of the development of sustainable tourism in Montenegro, this paper discusses and analyzes the degree of knowledge of tourism companies on the application of the green concept, especially through the prism of socially responsible business. The research study was conducted by applying the classification Decision tree model (DT) on the data obtained by surveying employees and owners of Montenegrin tourism companies. The DT method has shown that socio-demographic factors have a significant impact on understanding the importance of green accounting in the tourism sector of Montenegro and that most tourism companies include corporate social responsibility in their business strategy and policy. The fact that the same or similar research on this topic has not been done in Montenegro, but also in neighboring countries, indicates an important contribution that this paper may have for the scientific and professional community, primarily in the form of incentives to create and publish reports on environmental protection.

Revisiting dissociation hypotheses with a structural fit approach: The case of the prepared reflex framework

Attitude and social cognition research often tests dissociations in performance on “explicit” and “implicit” measures using tasks that widely differ from each other. This prevents a clear interpretation of the findings. A structural fit approach, involving tasks that differ only on the factor of theoretical interest, should be preferred. Here, we revisited a dissociation hypothesis using a structural fit approach for the first time. Specifically, Melnikoff, Lambert, and Bargh's (2020) Prepared Reflex framework posits that the establishment and activation of an association between a planned action and its target make the valence of the action unintentionally spread to the target. As a result, the target is evaluated according to the valence of the action. Once the action plan is inactive, however, unintentional measures of attitudes should no longer reflect the valence of the planned action, as the association is not active anymore. In contrast, the valence of the inactive plan should continue to influence intentional measures of attitudes. Melnikoff et al. (2020) found support for this dissociation hypothesis in studies comparing evaluations on self-reports versus an Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP): Whereas both measures captured the valence of the planned action when the plan was active, only the self-reports captured this valence after the plan was inactive. Here, contrary to the dissociation hypothesis, the plan valence influenced target evaluations on an intentional AMP when the plan was active but not when it was made inactive. These findings highlight the importance of using structurally-fitted tasks in attitude and social cognition research.

Changing social attitudes with virtual reality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Although it has been shown that Virtual Reality (VR) can positively impact political, civic and environmental views, the question of whether and how VR influences social attitudes more effectively than less immersive conditions has been a subject of debate. To address this question, this article provides a systematic review with meta-analysis of social attitude research in VR by examining 50 separate findings from 39 studies. We find that VR influences social attitudes significantly more than non-immersive interventions, while embodiment has no moderation effect. Further, outgroup VR perspective-taking fosters positive social attitudes more effectively than ingroup VR perspective-taking. Findings are categorized according to social attitude object and discussed in the light of emerging challenges and opportunities for VR attitude research.

Analýza rozdílů postojů vůči lidem s postižením u praktikujících učitelů a studentů učitelství

Research in attitudes towards people with disability has increased in last few decades for various groups. Therefore is important to focus research also to educational environment. Firstly teachers are often in professional contact with pupils with disability and have to work with them. Secondly they acts to the rest of pupils and have to prepare whole class for new possible classmate with disability. Although teachers work in this case need high competences but on the other hand attitudes are proved to be important part of it. Paper main goal is to determine possible differences between practicing teachers and teacher students in attitudes towards people with disability. We used validated questionnaire for measuring social distance towards people with disability made from Bogardus scale of social distance. In research participated 114 teachers and 118 teacher students of primary education from two universities. Results was analysed by nonparametric statistics.

Assessment of Influenza A (H1N1) Vaccination among Health Sciences Students in Northeast Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Influenza is a respiratory disease with high transmission capability that disseminates easily in seasonal epidemics, characterizing its global distribution. Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing the disease and morbidity, as it reduces the risk of horizontal transmission. Although research has explored influenza vaccination uptake in US and in Europe among college students and health care workers, there is a dearth of research in understanding influenza vaccination uptake and attitudes toward the vaccine among college students of the health sciences in Brazil.

Социально-психологические установки адвокатов, сменивших профессию следователя

The article presents the findings of the research of socio-psychological attitudes of lawyers who previously worked as investigators. 60 respondents have been surveyed, with 20 of them being lawyers, another 20 being investigators and the remaining 20 were lawyers pre-viously working as investigators. These techniques were used: 1) “Methodology for diag-nostics of personality’s socio-psychological attitudes in the need-motivational sphere” by Potyomkina O.F. 2) “Hope anchors” by Sheyn E. It has been shown that lawyers who previ-ously worked as investigators are focused on their career, fulfillment of their ideals and values in their profession. They strive to use their talents and knowledge to the fullest, to be effective, they have an urge to be free and independent. Among other things, the study con-cludes that one of the subjective reasons for investigators to become lawyers are the distinctive socio-psychological attitudes of their personalities. The results of the study can be useful for psychological interpretations of choice and change of one’s occupation, to pre-vent occupational destructions in people of law professions. They can also be taken into ac-count by psychologists and psychological services when modeling lawyers and investiga-tors’ psychic profiles.

HIV-Related Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Research Among College Students - Six Chinese Cities, 2021.

The number of newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases among Chinese youth 15-24 years of age shows an upward trend between 2010 and 2019. This survey is on a larger scale as compared to previous studies. It shows inadequate HIV knowledge - especially on HIV treatment, self-testing, and post-exposure prophylaxis - among college students. A significant gap exists between knowledge and behavior as indicated by the low condom use rate despite a high knowledge level. Findings suggest priorities for future HIV education and awareness creation of existing services. A low condom use rate at sexual debut suggests that HIV prevention education should start early.

Родительская позиция в семьях, воспитывающих дошкольников с расстройствами аутистического спектра

The article presents the results of a study of the parental position in families raising children with autism spectrum disorders. The experimental program for the study of the parental position includes valid and reliable questionnaires aimed at identifying family anxiety (Family Anxiety Analysis), parental attitudes (Parent Attitude Research Instrument), family relationships (Analysis of Family Relationships), attitudes towards the child’s illness (Tool for Diagnosing of Attitudes Towards a Child’s Illness). The study sample consists of 40 parents: 20 subjects raising preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders and 20 subjects raising normally developing children. The results of the study allow us to speak about the low productivity of the parental position in families with preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders. This expressed in hyperprotection and an indulgent parenting style, in a tendency to establish symbiotic relationships and an ambivalent emotional attitude, etc. Most parents with children with autism spectrum disorders need specially organized work to correct the parental position.

Сравнение родительских установок до и после пандемии COVID-19

The goal of this study was to investigate changes in parental attitudes and family variables during the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey methodology was employed to collect the data; the questionnaires included a family information form prepared by the researchers and the “Parental Attitude Research Instrument” (PARI), used to examine changes in parental attitudes related to the pandemic. The initial data, collected immediately before the outbreak of COVID-19, were compared with data gathered in May 2020, by which time the pandemic had already spread throughout Turkey. The research sample included 119 mothers with preschool children aged 5—6 years enrolled in four public schools. Our findings indicated that changes in family life and parental attitudes occurred during the pandemic. While scores measuring the two PARI subscales of dependency and egalitarianism and democratic attitudes increased, the scores for rejection of the homemaking role and strictness and authoritarianism decreased. According to the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) results, there was a statistically significant difference between the time measurements (taken before and during the pandemic) with respect to the combined dependent variables of egalitarianism and democratic attitudes and strictness and authoritarianism, even after controlling for the demographic variables.

Family Functioning and Quality of Life among Children with Specific Learning Disorder and Healthy Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: The study aimed to compare the quality of life, family functionality, and parental attitudes with Specific learning disorder (SLD) with controls. We also aimed to evaluate the correlation between SLD symptoms and quality of life. Method: This is a cross-sectional, case-control study. The Learning Disorder Symptom Checklist (LDSC) was filled out by children’s parents to measure SLD symptoms. Family functioning was assessed using the Family Assessment Device (FAD) and Parental Attitude Research Instrument (PARI). The children’s quality of life was evaluated by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Results: Within the study period, 38 children with SLD and 35 healthy control children were enrolled. All of the children with SLD reported significantly reduced all PedsQL domains. PARI-overprotective (p<0.001), mariatal conflict (p=0.011), strict dicipline (p<0.001) and FAD-problem-solving (p=0.022) subscores were significantly elevated in the SLD group. There were statistically negative correlations between LDCS academic success, reading skills, writing skills, working habit, orientation skills, tactile perception, queue skill, motor skills, social-emotional behaviors, activity level, attention skills scores and all domains of PedsQL-child. Conclusion: Evaluating family attitudes and problem-solving skills of the family in the treatment of children with SLD and targeting those areas in treatment may provide additional benefit.

Is There a Difference in Parental Attitudes and Attachment for ADHD-Social Phobia Comorbidity?

Social phobia (SP) is one the commonest of comorbid anxiety disorders seen with ADHD. It is also known that Social phobia and ADHD patients have some differences in parental attitudes and attachment styles. We aimed to investigate the effects attachment status and parental attitudes in ADHD-social phobia comorbidity. 66 children and adolescents with ADHD were included for the study. the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version, DSM-5 November 2016-Turkish Adaptation (KSADS-PL-DSM5-T) was used for evaluating diagnosis. Socioeconomic status (SES) was scored with Hollingshead Redlich Scale. Sosyodemografic and clinical data were recorded. Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) and Parental Attitudes Research Instrument (PARI) were completed by the parents. The patients filled Kerns Security Scale (KSS). We compared the ADHD patients with and without SAD comorbidity in terms of scales used and sociodemographic-clinical variables. There were no differences between ADHD + SP group and ADHD without SP group in terms of age, gender, SES, family structure and family history of diagnosed psychiatric disease (p>0.05). Rate of inattentive subtype of ADHD (p=0.05) and comorbid psychiatric disease frequency (p=0.00) was higher in ADHD+SP group compared to ADHD without social phobia group. However, the groups did not differ according to their attachment styles, their parent's attachment styles and parental attitudes (p>0.05). Parental attitudes and attachment styles may not play a role in the development of SP comorbidity in children and adolescents with ADHD. Other biological and environmental factors should be kept in mind when evaluating and treating children with ADHD who have SP. Biological treatments and individualized interventions such as CBT may be chosen as a first line treatment rather than psychotherapies targeting attachment and parenting styles in those children.

Pluricentric linguistic justice in Quebec

Abstract With the emergence of the notion of Standard Quebec French, debates about linguistic usage in Quebec are today largely shaped by two competing normative models: an exonorm defined for all intents and purposes in France and an endonorm reflecting socially acceptable usage as determined by Quebec­ers themselves. While language attitude research has provided some indication of the normative preferences of ordinary Quebec­ers, the picture remains largely ambiguous. This article seeks to provide some clarity through a reconceptualisation of language attitudes intended to specifically elicit value judgments on norm setting and enforcement. Building on research in political philosophy and theory, it further develops the notion of ‘pluricentric linguistic justice’, proposed as a tool for assessing questions of authority and legitimacy concerning French in Quebec. It then presents the results of an empirical exploration of this notion focused on the attitudes of a sample of franco­phone Quebec­ers towards endonormativity, including as a function of key social variables. The study represents an innovative attempt to develop and test a methodological instrument for interrogating questions of linguistic justice in pluricentric settings more broadly.

Assessing Automatic Approach-Avoidance Behavior in an Immersive Virtual Environment

The use of virtual reality (VR) promises enormous potential for studying human behavior. While approach and avoidance tendencies have been explored in various areas of basic and applied psychology, such as attitude and emotion research, basic learning psychology, and behavior therapy, they have rarely been studied in VR. One major focus of this research is to understand the psychological mechanisms underlying automatic behavioral tendencies towards and away from positively or negatively evaluated stimuli. We implemented a whole-body movement stimulus-response compatibility task to explore approach-avoidance behavior in an immersive virtual environment. We chose attitudinal stimuli—spiders and butterflies—on which people widely agree in their general evaluations (in that people evaluate spiders negatively and butterflies positively), while there is still substantial inter-individual variance (i. e., the intensity in which people dislike spiders or like butterflies). We implemented two parallel approach-avoidance tasks, one in VR, one desktop-based. Both tasks revealed the expected compatibility effects that were positively intercorrelated. Interestingly, however, the compatibility effect in the VR measure was unrelated to participants’ self-reported fear of spiders and stimulus evaluations. These results raise important implications about the usage of VR to study automatic behavioral tendencies.

Психологические факторы родительского выгорания отцов и матерей

The study of parental burnout of fathers as well as mothers is relevant, since it may be the source of family trouble in general. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors of parental burnout of fathers and mothers. It is assumed that there are multidirectional correlations between the intensity of parental burnout components and parental sets, the attitude of spouses to the family role, and the consistency of the family functions of fathers and mothers. The study was carried out on a sample of parents of full families in Saratov, raising biological children (N = 61, 40 women (aged M = 32), 21 men (M = 33.9)). The applied methods include the questionnaires "Parental Burnout" (I. N. Efimova); "Role Expectations and Claims in Marriage" (N. A. Volkova), "Parental Attitude Research Instrument " (E. S. Schaefer and R. K. Bell, adapted by T. V. Nescheret and T. V. Arkhireeva), the questionnaire on marital satisfaction (V. V. Stolin, T. L. Romanova, G. P. Butenko). The largest number of correlations between the parameters of parental burnout and parental sets, the attitude of spouses to the family role and family functions have been revealed in the sample of mothers. It has been found out that in both samples the level of "emotional exhaustion" is interrelated with the parental predisposition to excessive strictness towards the child. However, the emotional exhaustion of mothers is more mediated by their dependence on the family and low self-assessment as a parent, whereas fathers’ burnout is due to the focus on the child and the desire to accelerate their development. The level of "depersonalization" in the sample of mothers correlates with the level of their concentration on the child, the consistency of family functions ("emotional and psychotherapeutic", "social activity", "physical attractiveness of the partner"), and marital satisfaction. In the sample of fathers, it correlates with the scales related to the sphere of marital relations (physical attractiveness of the partner, the degree of the father’s involvement in family affairs and marital satisfaction). The degree of the "parental achievements reduction" in the sample of mothers is associated with the balance of "intimacyseparateness" or its lack in the family system; in the sample of fathers it is connected with the availability or lack of verbal contact with the child and the father's acceptance of the child’s natural development. The applied aspect of the problem under study consists of the possibility of using the results in the practice of advisory services.

Characteristics of the psychoemotional status of different categories of flight persons

Annotation. An important component of psychophysiological support of professional activity of flight crew is the diagnosis of their psychoemotional status. That is why the aim of the work was to identify the features of the psycho-emotional state of military and civilian pilots by comparative analysis of the results of assessing their personal qualities. For this purpose, psychological methods of research of semantic basic attitudes, responsibility and honesty are used. The survey covered 200 civilian and 100 military pilots. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using methods of descriptive statistics, implemented using the statistical package MS Exel. It is established that in terms of verbal and emotional dependence, dependence on achievements, demanding and responsible for themselves, all pilots have an adequate level of development. However, in terms of demanding others, only military pilots have adequate personality development. According to the characteristics of responsibility, its level is expressed inherent in civilian pilots, while the military have a situational manifestation. Assessing the processes of planning, organizing and performing professional duties (integrity) revealed that military pilots have a low self-esteem of their abilities, they are quite lazy, insecure. They are driven by spontaneity in making important decisions. Civilian pilots have a much higher level of self-esteem, confidence, concentration and ability to solve life’s problems. They are more careful and prudent when making responsible decisions. They clearly show a sense of moral and professional duty. Thus, it can be concluded that the identified features of the distribution of military and civilian pilots according to the level of development of personal qualities are primarily related to certain features of the nature of work and due to the peculiarities of military service. This situation requires the introduction of psychological methods for assessing the psycho-emotional state of flight crew during the implementation of psychophysiological support.

Attitudes Towards the Sexuality of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review

Current research in attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with intellectual disabilities yields heterogeneous results. The aim of the present paper was to systematically review current qualitative and quantitative evidence of attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with intellectual disabilities. A systematic review of current literature (2000–2020) was carried out in the ERIC, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, PUBMED, and WebOfScience databases. Thirty-three articles were included for review. The present review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO database. Included studies presented attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with intellectual disabilities in samples comprised of staff, family, members of the community, and adults with intellectual disability. Community samples held more positive attitudes, followed by staff and family. Adults with intellectual disabilities reported interest in intimate relationships but perceived barriers in others’ attitudes. Factors such as familiarity, age, gender of the adult with a disability, and culture seemed to have clear relationships. Other factors such as gender or social status remain unclear. In general, attitudes were considered positive. However, a preference for low intimacy and friendship or Platonic relationships was found. Stereotypes towards intellectual disability may have a strong influence. These findings underline the need to investigate and address attitudinal changes to provide adequate support for adults with intellectual disabilities in regard to a healthy relational and sex life.Prospero registration number: CRD42021222918.

What Are Orthopaedic Healthcare Professionals' Attitudes Toward Addressing Patient Psychosocial Factors? A Mixed-Methods Investigation.

Integrating psychosocial resources into orthopaedic clinics can reduce psychological distress and opioid use after injury, enhance functional outcomes, and increase patient satisfaction with care. Establishing referral pathways for connecting orthopaedic patients with psychosocial resources requires the active collaboration and buy-in of orthopaedic healthcare professionals. Designing and disseminating psychosocial training materials for orthopaedic healthcare professionals requires a nuanced understanding of orthopaedic healthcare professionals' current attitudes toward addressing psychosocial factors, including any stigma and misconceptions about mental health that exist. (1) What are orthopaedic healthcare professionals' attitudes toward addressing patient psychosocial factors, and how are they related? (2) How do orthopaedic healthcare professionals' beliefs, reasonings, and experiences help to explain these attitudes? (3) How do attitudes differ between physicians and nonphysician healthcare professionals? In this multisite, mixed-methods study (that is, a study collecting both quantitative and qualitative data), our team of psychology researchers conducted qualitative focus groups over secure live video with 79 orthopaedic healthcare professionals at three geographically diverse Level I trauma centers. We approached all orthopaedic healthcare professionals within the three trauma centers to participate in the study to collect as many diverse perspectives as possible. Eighty-four percent (79 of 94) of the professionals we approached participated in qualitative data collection (the group of professionals comprised 20 attending surgeons; 28 residents; 10 nurse practitioners, registered nurses, and physician assistants; 13 medical assistants; five physical therapists and social workers; and three research fellows). We also asked participants to complete self-report items that assessed their attitudes toward addressing patients' psychosocial factors (research question 1). The different attitudes identified through the quantitative measurement served as a priori defined themes within which our two independent coders organized the qualitative data and identified beliefs and experiences that explained attitudes (research question 2). We used both quantitative and qualitative data to assess differences between surgeons and residents and nonphysician healthcare professionals (research question 3). We quantitatively identified six underlying attitudes toward addressing psychosocial factors: professional confidence, perceived resource availability, fear of offending patients, fear of negative patient reactions, blame toward patients, and professional role resistance. We observed a strong quantitative correlation between the attitudes of professional confidence and perceived resource availability, and qualitative data revealed how healthcare professionals' willingness to discuss psychosocial issues with patients is shaped by their perception of psychosocial resources available for orthopaedic patients, as well as their perception of their own skills and tools to navigate these conversations. Quantitative data suggested that surgeons and residents endorse higher blame toward patients for psychosocial factors (medium effect size; p = 0.04), which is a stigmatizing attitude that serves as a barrier to integrating psychosocial resources into orthopaedic settings. The varying levels of confidence orthopaedic healthcare professionals reported with respect to the topic of discussing psychosocial factors and the misconceptions they endorse regarding psychosocial factors (such as blame toward patients) highlight the need for more specific education for orthopaedic healthcare professionals to help equip them with skills to raise and discuss psychosocial factors with patients in an empathic and destigmatizing manner. The strong relationship observed between the attitudes of professional confidence and perceived resource availability suggests that expanding the provision of psychosocial resources in orthopaedic settings and establishing specific, efficient referral processes to connect patients with psychosocial resources will in turn increase orthopaedic healthcare professionals' confidence discussing psychosocial issues with patients.

Καλημέρα, kalimera or kalhmera?

Abstract Although language attitudes are frequently investigated, how these attitudes change over time is studied less frequently, despite providing an interesting window into the link between attitudes and ideologies. Conducted some twenty years since the first studies on this topic, the current study provides an updated perspective into language attitudes toward the use of Roman-alphabeted Greek (henceforth, Greeklish) in emails and SMS messages exchanged between Greek native speakers. Adapting the matched guise methodology commonly used in language attitude research to visual stimuli, we collected data from 60 participants of different ages and genders. Overall, their attitudes toward Greeklish were markedly negative, confirming negative attitudes already expressed twenty years prior but also extending them. We propose that technological and demographic but also ideological factors underlie the negative attitudes toward Greeklish expressed by Greek native speakers today.

Commodification of The Mangalahat Horbo Bius Ritual on The Samosir Island North Sumatra: A Controversial Show

The mangalahat horbo bius ritual is a Batak tradition to offer the best sacrifice to God called Mulajadi na Bolon. This tradition is carried out since they still adhere to the parbaringin flow. The entry of Dutch colonialism into Tapanuli resulted in this tradition being a forbidden tradition. In 2008, the government of Samosir Regency raised this tradition as a show of its purpose as a tourist attraction. Since it was made into a show, there were pros and cons in the community. To explore this attitude research needs to be done. This study uses a qualitative method. The researcher chose the informant purposively followed by the snowball technique. Selected informants: government, religious leaders, and traditional leaders. Data analysis was carried out from the time the study began until the inductive analytic descriptive research results. Theories used as analysis: the theory of power/ knowledge discourse, postcolonial theory, commodification theory, and social practice theory. The theory is used eclectically. The results showed that this ritual performance was counterproductive in increasing the number of visits.

Patients with disorders of sex development undergoing surgical treatment: A psychosocial evaluation in adolescence

The surgical outcomes of disorders on sex development (DSD) are comparatively well studied in the literature, whereas studies investigating its impacts on mental health are scarce. In this study, we aimed to evaluate psychiatric diagnoses, sex roles, quality of life, and adolescents who were surgically treated because of DSD as well as parental attitudes in their parents. The study group consisted of 19 patients diagnosed with DSD and the control group consisted of 20 age- and gender-matched healthy peers. The Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia was performed by a child and adolescent psychiatrist to assess the psychiatric diagnoses. To evaluate quality of life (QoL) and sex roles, The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), and the Bem Sex Role Inventory were used, respectively. Mothers completed the PedsQL-Parent Form and the Parental Attitude Research Instrument (PARI). Of 19 children in the patient group, 14 (73.7%) had a past or current history of at least one psychiatric disorder. The most common psychiatric disorder was major depression. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of sex roles. A statistically significant difference was found between the study and control groups in four factor scores of the PARI. While there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the children's QoL scores, parent-proxy reports of psychosocial health scores and total QoL scores of the study group were significantly lower than the controls. This finding shows that parents perceived the QoL of their children with DSD as worse than their healthy peers, probably due to their concerns for the future. In conclusion, it is important to identify and treat the psychiatric disorders concomitant in patients with DSD.