Asymmetric Allocation Research Articles

An Endosymbiotic Evolutionary Algorithm for Designing Hub and Spoke Network with Asymmetric Allocation

An Endosymbiotic Evolutionary Algorithm for Designing Hub and Spoke Network with Asymmetric Allocation

Hermeneutics and Critique from a Liberation Ethics Perspective

This article merely refers to some fundamental theses developed by the author already in his book Ethics of Liberation: In the Age of Globalization and Exclusion (Durham: Duke University Press, 2013). The strategy of the argument takes the following path: First, it begins with some reflections by Paul Ricoeur about universal civilization and its particular cultures; second, it summarizes a non-eurocentric historical perspective that is pertinent to the Modern Globalizing System; third, it describes the asymmetrical location of the "participants" which resulted from the violent process of inclusion in the World System; forth, it points out to certain aspects through which one can see ethical and critical demands within the horizon of globalization; fifth, in conclusion the author suggests some relevant topics for future discussions.

음이온 생성을 위한 표면 유전체장벽방전의 설계조건 연구

his paper describes a study of the design conditions of a planar surface dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactors for generating negative air ions. The capacity of negative air ion generated by the surface DBD reactor is affected by the shape, area ratio and the location of the discharge and induction electrodes of it. To study the optimal design conditions of DBD reactors, the electrodes printed on the substrate of a PCB board is utilized to conduct kind of experiments: the distance of the each electrode along with the X-Y axis, the area ratio of the discharge electrode to induction electrode, and the symmetrical and asymmetrical location of two electrodes. The ion generation capacity is inverse proportional to the gap increases along with X-Y axis. And the optimum ion concentration generated by the ionizer was inspected when the electrodes area ratio was 3 and 5 times of the symmetrical and asymmetrical experimental condition respectively.

An Optimal Design for the Capacitated Hub Location Problem with Asymmetric Allocation

Hub and Spoke (H&S) network reflecting the scale economies through consolidation and a large amount of freight transportation is widely used to reduce total transportation costs. H&S network has transportation routes that go to the final delivery point pass through hub linking destination from hub linking origin. In this paper we present a 0-1 integer programming model and a solution method for the capacitated asymmetric allocation hub location problem (CAAHLP). We determine the number of hubs, the locations of hubs, and asymmetric allocation of non-hub nodes to hub with the objective of minimum total transportation costs satisfying the required service level. As the CAAHLP has impractically demanding for the large sized problem, we develop a solution method based on ant colony optimization algorithm. We investigate performance of the proposed solution method through the comparative study. The experimental results show that the newly proposed asymmetrically allocated network can provide better solution than the singly allocated network in terms of cost and service level.

Asymmetric radio resource allocation scheme for OFDMA wireless networks with collaborative relays

This work addresses the radio resource allocation problem for cooperative relay assisted OFDMA wireless network. The relays adopt the decode-and-forward protocol and can cooperatively assist the transmission from source to destination. Recent works on the subject have mainly considered symmetric source-to-relay and relay-to-destination resource allocations, which limits the achievable gains through relaying. In this paper we consider the problem of asymmetric radio resource allocation, where the objective is to maximize the system throughput of the source-to-destination link under various constraints. In particular, we consider optimization of the set of cooperative relays and link asymmetries together with subcarrier and power allocation. We derive theoretical expressions for the solutions and illustrate them through simulations. The results show clear additional performance gains through asymmetric cooperative scheme compared to the other recently proposed resource allocation schemes.

Spectrum allocation and its relevance for competition

Spectrum is one of the most important production factors for mobile telecommunications operators. Spectrum policy is paramount as spectrum is a scarce resource allocated by regulatory authorities. Hence, when allocating spectrum and determining the potential use of spectrum, the regulatory authorities have a significant influence on the competitive situation in mobile markets.Mobile telecommunications services, especially the growing mobile broadband and mobile data business, use different spectrum bands (typically 800MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, 2100MHz and 2600MHz). The propagation characteristics of the different bands vary; this has an impact not only on costs for network rollout but also on the relative value of the spectrum, which is expressed in the prices achieved in allocation proceedings such as auctions.In this paper, the impact of spectrum allocation on the network cost is analyzed. The access network costs are considered based on different spectrum allocations and technologies and compared to the acquisition costs of spectrum. Based on economic modeling and previous research, it is possible to demonstrate that the economic differences between spectrum below 1GHz and above 1GHz are considerable. As long as these differences are reflected in the prices, no outcomes on competition exist. As spectrum though is allocated and administered by regulatory authorities, this is not on always the case, which might lead to distorted competition. Hence, the finding of the study is that the propagation characteristics of the spectrum is a factor to be considered when allocating spectrum due to its effect on network costs and hence, eventually competition problems due to asymmetric allocation.

Optimized Power Allocation for Layered-Steered Space-Time Codes

Layered Steered Space-Time Codes (LSSTC) is a recently proposed multiple-input multiple-output system that combines the benefits of vertical Bell Labs space-time (VBLAST) scheme, space-time block codes and beamforming. We suggest a new downlink scheme employing LSSTC with asymmetric power allocation, by assuming that the user feeds the BS with the average signal-to-noise ratio per VBLAST layer through the uplink feedback channel. The motivation behind proposing such a system is to enhance the error performance by assigning power to the layers in an optimal manner. We refer to the system proposed as the optimal power allocation LSSTC (OPA-LSSTC). Our analysis is general such that it includes asymmetric layered systems in which each layer may have different number of antennas and also the power can be assigned to layers asymmetrically.

Dynamic Cournot duopoly with intertemporal capacity constraints

This paper studies a dynamic Cournot duopoly in which suppliers have a limited amount of products available for two consecutive periods. We derive optimal sales strategies and analyze welfare effects with and without commitment. Under commitment, strategies do not depend on the rival's realized sales. In this case, there is a unique Nash equilibrium for any allocation of initial supplies and prices increase over time. Absent commitment, sellers can adjust their supply decision after the first period. In this case, a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium does not always exist and prices may decline over time. A more asymmetric allocation of stocks generally leads to higher first-period prices, whereas the impact on second-period prices is ambiguous. The larger firm typically prefers not to commit, whereas the smaller firm is better off under commitment. Commitment generates a higher total surplus and (almost always) a higher consumer surplus. Our findings thus suggest that market transparency or flexible supply contracts can adversely affect welfare in situations where production precedes sales and firms face an intertemporal capacity constraint.

Optimal disclosure of costly information packages in auctions

In an independent, private values, second-price auction with entry fees we discuss the way in which a seller should optimally spread costly information among the bidders. We find that marginal gross revenues do not generally behave monotonically in total information release. In the two bidder case, essentially, any asymmetric allocation of information dominates the symmetric information allocation. Even the bidder who gets less information is willing to pay a higher entry fee for asymmetric information allocations than for the symmetric one. His entry fee coincides with that of the better informed bidder. Losses from allocating an amount of information non-optimally can be substantial.

Performance Evaluation of Uplink Delay-Tolerant Packet Service in IEEE 802.16-Based Networks

We provide an analytical model for efficient dynamic capacity allocation in IEEE 802.16 wireless metropolitan area network, where the nonreal-time traffic can utilize the bandwidth unused by the real-time traffic. We investigate the uplink delay of the nrtPS service flow as a function of the capacity allocations for the rtPS (ertPS) and UGS service flows. Unicast polling is applied for the bandwidth reservation of the nrtPS and rtPS (ertPS) packets. Our analysis accounts for both reservation and scheduling delay components. The nrtPS packets arrive according to Poisson process. The model enables asymmetric capacity allocation, as well as asymmetric nrtPS traffic arrival flows. The analytical model is applied for investigating the influence of the real-time traffic on the delay of the nrtPS service flow. We discuss also the determination of several traffic parameters under different constraints, which have potential applications in network control.

Optimal Asymmetric Resource Allocation and Analysis for OFDM-Based Multidestination Relay Systems in the Downlink

We propose an asymmetric resource allocation (ARA) scheme for the downlink wireless multidestination relay systems with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing modulation. Unlike the previous work, the transmission durations at the source (base station) and the relay are designed to be asymmetric, which enhances the degree of freedom for transmission. Therefore, the proposed ARA scheme achieves a higher system capacity than existing symmetric resource allocation schemes, and it is also proven to be optimal. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed asymmetric time allocation has a significant effect on the system performance with a larger number of users, a longer source-to-destination distance, and when there is a significant difference between the source-to-relay and relay-to-destination distances. Furthermore, the ARA scheme has a fast convergence speed.

Asymmetrical Flow Simulation of Icing Effects in S-Duct Inlets at Angle of Attack

The effect of flow angularity on an S-duct inlet with icing is computationally investigated. Flow angularity is simulated through angle-of-attack, and sideslip in addition to asymmetrical ice accretion on the inlet lip. A commercial CFD code, STAR-CCM+ is used for the steadystate computations with the shear-stress transport (SST) k! turbulence model. Symmetrical and asymmetrical glaze ice shapes are computationally simulated on the inlet lip. The symmetrical glaze ice uniformly covers the entire cowl lip; whereas the asymmetrical glaze ice is simulated on a 1=4 sector of the inlet lip and is positioned on top, bottom or side of the inlet lip. The results indicate that flow angularity, whether in angle-of-attack or sideslip, aggravates the low performance of inlets with icing. The total pressure recovery suffers an additional 2% loss and the inlet mass flow rate drops by 7% when the inlet is at C20 angle of attack, as compared to zero angle, for flight Mach number of 0.34. The extent of loss in total pressure and a drop in mass flow rate depends on the asymmetrical icing location as well as the inlet angle-of-attack and sideslip. In addition, the ice-induced flow blockage is identified as a critical inlet performance parameter, since the symmetrical (360) glaze ice with its wider flow blockage creates a lower total pressure recovery than the asymmetrical (90) glaze ice at all angles of attack or sideslip.

Valuation of Contingent Pension Liabilities and Guarantees Under Sponsor Default Risk

This article analyzes the relationship between a pension fund with contingently indexed defined benefit liabilities and its sponsor, using contingent claims analysis. As pension funds generally choose to run a mismatch risk, future surpluses and deficits will occur. Surpluses are divided between beneficiaries and sponsor through contingent indexation of the benefits and refunding. Covering a deficit at the pension fund level is a function of the sponsor's financial ability to do so. This article suggests that this system creates an asymmetric allocation of the residual risk between sponsor and beneficiaries. The optimal investment policy for the pension fund in this context can be found by reverse engineering option valuation formulas. The main conclusion is that sponsor default risk negatively impacts the optimum risk profile and thereby the market value of contingent pension liabilities.

Overcoming ‘Simply Being’: Straight Sex, Masculinity and Physical Culture in Modern Egypt

This article considers the specific deployment of gender and sexuality in interwar Egypt against the general backdrop of a universalising colonial modernity, which since around the middle of the nineteenth century aimed at producing a repeatable subject everywhere. It examines the magazine Physical Culture as an artefact of that colonial modernity and as a watermark of an ineffable style of performing gender and sexuality – a culmination of nearly five decades of historicising Egypt and of exercising Egyptians. That the cultivation of healthy and desirable bodies was constrained by Egypt's asymmetrical location in a global economic and political order constituted by colonialism was a well‐established fact of social life by the end of the 1920s; consequently, the problem of the modern subject in Egypt was posed in terms that were not exclusively nationalist and examined in terms that were keenly attuned to circulations of global cultural forms and discursive practices. In the resulting process of subject formation, a gendered and sexualised other was also produced, as a de‐formation, wherein the terms of its prior being would no longer be intelligible.

A dynamic programming implemented resource competition game theoretic model

Resource competition is commonly occurred in animal populations and studied intensively by researchers. Previous studies have applied game theoretic model by finding Nash equilibrium to investigate this phenomenon. However computation of the Nash equilibrium requires an understanding of the payoff matrix that allocates the rewards received by players when they adopt each of the strategies in the game. In our study we present a dynamic programming implemented framework to compute 2 × 2 intraspecific finite resource allocation game's payoff matrix explicitly. We assume that two distinct types of individuals, aggressive and non-aggressive, are in the population. Then we divide the entire animal development period into three different stages: initialization, quasilinear growth and termination. Each stage for each type of players is specified with their own development coefficient, which determines how resource consumption could convert into strength as reward. Each player has equal and finite resource at the beginning of their development and fights against other players in the population to maximize its own potential reward. Based on these assumptions it is reasonable to use backward induction dynamic programming to compute payoff matrix. We present numerical examples for three different types of aggressive individuals and compute the payoff matrices correspondingly. Then we use the derived payoff matrices to determine the Nash equilibrium and Evolutionary Stable Strategy. Our research provide a framework for future quantitative studies on animal resource competition problems and could be expanded to n-players interspecific stochastic asymmetric resource allocation problem by changing some settings of dynamic programming formulation.

Optimal asymmetric resource allocation with limited feedback for OFDM based relay systems

We propose an optimal asymmetric resource allocation scheme with limited feedback for wireless relay systems based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. Unlike the previo...

Asymmetric power allocation to improve convergence rate of iterative receivers with soft cancellation

The major drawback of iterative receivers is more power consumption and longer latency due to iterations even though iterative receivers can enjoy a good compromise between complexity and performance. Motivated by these issues, we study a simple power allocation strategy in the transmitter side to alleviate the burden in an iterative receiver with interference cancellation by improving convergence rate. We analyze asymmetric power allocation with the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart technique and show that the convergence rate (as well as performance) can be improved.

Novel characteristics of valveless pumping

This study investigates the occurrence of valveless pumping in a fluid-filled system consisting of two open tanks connected by an elastic tube. We show that directional flow can be achieved by introducing a periodic pinching applied at an asymmetrical location along the tube, and that the flow direction depends on the pumping frequency. We propose a relation between wave propagation velocity, tube length, and resonance frequencies associated with shifts in the pumping direction using numerical simulations. The eigenfrequencies of the system are estimated from the linearized system, and we show that these eigenfrequencies constitute the resonance frequencies and the horizontal slope frequencies of the system; “horizontal slope frequency” being a new concept. A simple model is suggested, explaining the effect of the gravity driven part of the oscillation observed in response to the tank and tube diameter changes. Results are partly compared with experimental findings.

Optimal Market Intelligence Strategy When Management Attention Is Scarce

This paper extends the theoretical literature on firms' optimal information strategies to the situation when a firm's management attention capacity to process available data is scarce. In this case, a firm's optimal market intelligence strategy must trade off learning a little about a broad range of markets (a broad strategy) with gaining a very deep understanding of one or a few markets (a focused strategy). This trade-off is not present when data are scarce, an assumption made in most of the existing literature on optimal information search strategies. However, in data-rich environments, which are of increasing relevance given technology changes, we show a focused market intelligence strategy is always best when managers need to process a substantial amount of data before beginning to gain insights; i.e., there are increasing returns to attention. Interestingly, this focused strategy can also be best with decreasing returns to attention when (a) managers are sufficiently efficient in processing the available data and (b) managers have sufficiently strong initial priors on the unknown market parameters. We show a broad market intelligence strategy is only optimal when new data points are sufficiently redundant, i.e., when the learning rate is sufficiently decreasing with the allocation of more attention. Our results also indicate that advances in information technology can account for the pressure on firms to become more focused and that competition increases the likelihood of a focused strategy. Competition can lead to asymmetric outcomes where firms focus on different markets. Finally, we note that a focused market intelligence strategy, and thus an asymmetric allocation of attention, does not require a priori differences between firms, markets, or market-specific core capabilities. Consequently, a focused market intelligence strategy can result in market-specific core competencies and produce firm differences from equivalent starting conditions.

Les raisons d'être de la franchise dans les transactions de services aux entreprises

Résumé La franchise, comme forme hybride de coordination procède à une allocation asymétrique des droits juridiques et économiques entre les parties. Elle constitue une forme de coordination particulièrement performante en parvenant à équilibrer incitation et contrôle. Pourtant, les prestations de services aux entreprises représentent moins de 7% des réseaux de franchise recensés en France. Nous montrons pourquoi les marchés des services aux entreprises pourraient devenir de «nouvelles terres de conquête » pour la franchise.